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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ââåäåíèå â LATEX 2ε
èëè LATEX 2ε çà 137 ìèíóò
Tobias Oetiker
Copyright ©1995-2002 Tobias Oetiker and all the Contributers to LShort. All
rights reserved.
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This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this document; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,
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Áëàãîäàðíîñòè
1
Òåêóùàÿ âåðñèÿ äàííîãî ïåðåâîäà äîñòóïíà ïî àäðåñó http://xtalk.msk.su/tex,
à òàêæå íà CTAN. Ïðèì. ïåðåâ.
Îãëàâëåíèå
Áëàãîäàðíîñòè iii
Ïðåäèñëîâèå v
2 Âåðñòêà òåêñòà 17
2.1 Ñòðóêòóðà òåêñòà è ÿçûêà . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2 Ðàçáèåíèå íà ñòðîêè è ñòðàíèöû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2.1 Âûðîâíåííûå àáçàöû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2.2 Ïåðåíîñû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3 Ñïåöèàëüíûå ñòðîêè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4 Ñïåöèàëüíûå áóêâû è ñèìâîëû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
x ÎÃËÀÂËÅÍÈÅ
4 Ñïåöèàëüíûå âîçìîæíîñòè 71
4.1 Âêëþ÷åíèå Encapsulated PostScript ãðàôèêè . . . . . . . 71
4.2 Áèáëèîãðàôèÿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.3 Óêàçàòåëè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
ÎÃËÀÂËÅÍÈÅ xi
6 Íàñòðîéêà L
AT X
E 105
6.1 Íîâûå êîìàíäû, îêðóæåíèÿ è ïàêåòû . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
6.1.1 Íîâûå êîìàíäû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6.1.2 Íîâûå îêðóæåíèÿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.1.3 Âàø ñîáñòâåííûé ïàêåò . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.2 Øðèôòû è èõ ðàçìåðû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6.2.1 Êîìàíäû ñìåíû øðèôòà . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6.2.2 Îïàñíîñòü! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.2.3 Ñîâåò . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.3 Èíòåðâàëû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.3.1 Èíòåðâàëû ìåæäó ñòðîêàìè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.3.2 Ôîðìàòèðîâàíèå àáçàöåâ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.3.3 Ãîðèçîíòàëüíûå èíòåðâàëû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.3.4 Âåðòèêàëüíûå èíòåðâàëû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
6.4 Êîìïîíîâêà ñòðàíèöû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
xii ÎÃËÀÂËÅÍÈÅ
Ëèòåðàòóðà 123
1.1 Íàçâàíèÿ
1.1.1 TEX
TEX ýòî êîìïüþòåðíàÿ ïðîãðàììà, ñîçäàííàÿ Äîíàëüäîì Êíóòîì
(Donald E. Knuth) [2]. Îíà ïðåäíàçíà÷åíà äëÿ âåðñòêè òåêñòà è ìàòå
ìàòè÷åñêèõ ôîðìóë. Êíóò íà÷àë ïèñàòü TEX â 1977 ãîäó äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ
ïîòåíöèàëà öèôðîâîãî ïå÷àòàþùåãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ, êîòîðîå íà÷àëî ïî
ÿâëÿòüñÿ â ýòî âðåìÿ, íàäåÿñü, â îñîáåííîñòè, îáðàòèòü òåíäåíöèþ óõóä
øåíèÿ òèïîãðàôñêîãî êà÷åñòâà, êîòîðóþ îí âèäåë íà ïðèìåðå åãî ñîá
ñòâåííûõ êíèã è ñòàòåé. TEX, â òîì âèäå, â êàêîì ìû åãî ñåãîäíÿ èñ
ïîëüçóåì, áûë âûïóùåí â 1982 ãîäó ñ íåêîòîðûìè äîáàâëåíèÿìè â 1989
(ëó÷øàÿ ïîääåðæêà 8-áèòíûõ ñèìâîëîâ è ðàçëè÷íûõ ÿçûêîâ). TEX çíà
ìåíèò ñâîåé ÷ðåçâû÷àéíîé ñòàáèëüíîñòüþ, ðàáîòîé íà ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïàõ
êîìïüþòåðîâ è ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíûì îòñóòñòâèåì îøèáîê. Íîìåð âåðñèè
TEX ñõîäèòñÿ ê π è ñåé÷àñ ðàâåí 3.14159.
TEX ïðîèçíîñèòñÿ êàê ¾òåõ¿. Â ñðåäå ASCII TEX íóæíî ïèñàòü êàê
TeX.
1.1.2 LATEX
LATEX ìàêðîïàêåò, ïîçâîëÿþùèé àâòîðàì âåðñòàòü è ïå÷àòàòü èõ ðàáî
òû ñ âûñîêèì òèïîãðàôñêèì êà÷åñòâîì, ïðè ïîìîùè çàðàíåå îïðåäåëåí
íûõ, ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ìàêåòîâ. LATEX áûë íàïèñàí Leslie Lamport [1].
2 Ýòî íóæíî çíàòü
1.2 Îñíîâû
1.3.1 Ïðîáåëû
Íåâàæíî, âñòàâëÿåòå ëè âû
îäèí èëè íåñêîëüêî Íåâàæíî, âñòàâëÿåòå ëè âû îäèí èëè
ïðîáåëîâ ìåæäó ñëîâàìè. íåñêîëüêî ïðîáåëîâ ìåæäó ñëîâàìè.
1.3.2 Ñïåöñèìâîëû
# $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \
1.3.3 Êîìàíäû L
AT X
E
Êîìàíäû LATEX ÷óâñòâèòåëüíû ê ðåãèñòðó è ïðèíèìàþò îäíó èç ñëåäó
þùèõ äâóõ ôîðì:
Âû ìîæåòå \textsl{ïîëîæèòüñÿ}
íà ìåíÿ!
Âû ìîæåòå ïîëîæèòüñÿ íà ìåíÿ!
1.3.4 Êîììåíòàðèè
Ýòî Spercal%
ifragilist% Ýòî Spercalifragilisticexpialidocious
icexpialidocious
1 \documentclass{article}
2 \usepackage[koi8-r]{inputenc}
3 \usepackage[russian]{babel}
4 \begin{document}
5 Êðàòêîñòü~--- ñåñòðà òàëàíòà.
6 \end{document}
1 \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
2 \usepackage[russian]{babel}
3 \begin{document}
4 % îïðåäåëÿåì òèòóë
5 \author{Á.~Òîáîòðàñ}
6 \title{Ìèíèìàëèçì}
7 \frenchspacing
8 \begin{document}
9 % ãåíåðèðóåì òèòóë
10 \maketitle
11 % âñòàâëÿåì îãëàâëåíèå
12 \tableofcontents
13 \section{Íà÷àëî}
14 Âîò òóò è íà÷èíàåòñÿ ìîÿ çàìå÷àòåëüíàÿ ñòàòüÿ.
15 \section{Êîíåö}
16 \ldots{} à òóò îíà êîí÷àåòñÿ.
17 \end{document}
2. Îáðàáîòàéòå âàø âõîäíîé ôàéë LATEX. Åñëè âñå ïðîéäåò áåç îøè
áîê, âû ïîëó÷èòå ôàéë .dvi. ×òîáû ïîëó÷èòü ïðàâèëüíîå îãëàâ
ëåíèå è ïåðåêðåñòíûå ññûëêè, âàì ìîæåò ïîíàäîáèòüñÿ çàïóñòèòü
LATEX íåñêîëüêî ðàç. Åñëè âî âõîäíîì ôàéëå åñòü îøèáêà, LATEX
óêàæåò âàì íà íåå è îñòàíîâèò îáðàáîòêó âõîäíîãî ôàéëà. ×òîáû
âåðíóòüñÿ â êîìàíäíóþ ñòðîêó, íàæìèòå ctrl-D.
latex foo.tex
dvipdf foo.dvi
\documentclass.
\documentclass[îïöèè ]{êëàññ }
\documentclass[11pt,twoside,a4paper]{article}
1.6.2 Ïàêåòû
a macros/latex/contrib/supported/foiltex
1.6 Ìàêåòû äîêóìåíòîâ 11
àêòèâèçèðóþòñÿ êîìàíäîé
\usepackage[îïöèè ]{ïàêåò }
Ãäå ïàêåò ýòî èìÿ ïàêåòà, à îïöèè ñïèñîê êëþ÷åâûõ ñëîâ, âêëþ
÷àþùèõ ñïåöèàëüíûå ñâîéñòâà ïàêåòà. Íåêîòîðûå ïàêåòû âêëþ÷åíû â
îñíîâíóþ ïîñòàâêó LATEX 2ε (ñì. òàáëèöó 1.3). Äðóãèå ïðåäîñòàâëÿþòñÿ
îòäåëüíî. Äîïîëíèòåëüíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ îá óñòàíîâëåííûõ ó âàñ ïàêåòàõ
ìîæåò ñîäåðæàòüñÿ â Local Guide [5]. Îñíîâíîé èñòî÷íèê èíôîðìàöèè î
ïàêåòàõ LATEX ýòî The LATEX Companion [3]. Îíà ñîäåðæèò îïèñàíèÿ
ñîòåí ïàêåòîâ âìåñòå ñ èíôîðìàöèåé î òîì, êàê ïèñàòü âàøè ñîáñòâåííûå
ðàñøèðåíèÿ äëÿ LATEX 2ε .
1.6 Ìàêåòû äîêóìåíòîâ 13
\pagestyle{ñòèëü }
\thispagestyle{ñòèëü }
\include{ôàéë }
\includeonly{filename ,filename ,. . . }
\input{filename }
\usepackage{syntonly}
\syntaxonly
Âåðñòêà òåêñòà
ïî÷òè âñå çàïÿòûå íà ìåñòà, ïðîñòî ïîìíÿ, ÷òî îíè îçíà÷àþò: êîðîòêóþ
îñòàíîâêó â ïîòîêå èçëîæåíèÿ. Åñëè âû íå óâåðåíû â ñâîèõ çàïÿòûõ,
ïðî÷òèòå ïðåäëîæåíèå âñëóõ, îñòàíàâëèâàÿñü íà êàæäîé çàïÿòîé. Åñëè
ãäå-òî ýòî ïðîçâó÷èò ñòðàííî, óáåðèòå ýòó çàïÿòóþ, åñëè âû ïî÷óâñòâóåòå
íåîáõîäèìîñòü îñòàíîâêè â äðóãîì ìåñòå, âñòàâüòå çàïÿòóþ.1
Íàêîíåö, àáçàöû òåêñòà äîëæíû áûòü òàêæå ëîãè÷íî ñòðóêòóðèðîâà
íû íà áîëåå âûñîêîì óðîâíå, îáúåäèíÿÿñü â ãëàâû, ðàçäåëû, è òàê äàëåå.
Îäíàêî, òèïîãðàôñêèé ýôôåêò çàïèñè, íàïðèìåð, \section{Ñòðóêòóðà
òåêñòà è ÿçûêà} îáû÷íî äîñòàòî÷íî î÷åâèäåí, ÷òîáû áûëî ñðàçó ÿñíî,
êàê èñïîëüçîâàòü ýòè âûñîêîóðîâíåâûå ñòðóêòóðû.
Êíèãè ÷àñòî âåðñòàþòñÿ òàê, ÷òîáû âñå ñòðî÷êè èìåëè îäèíàêîâóþ äëè
íó. LATEX âñòàâëÿåò íåîáõîäèìûå ðàçðûâû ñòðîê è ïðîáåëû ìåæäó ñëî
âàìè, îïòèìèçèðóÿ ôîðìàòèðîâàíèå àáçàöà êàê öåëîãî. Ïðè íåîáõîäè
ìîñòè îí òàêæå ïåðåíîñèò ñëîâà, êîòîðûå íå ïîìåùàþòñÿ íà ñòðîêå. Îò
êëàññà äîêóìåíòà çàâèñèò òî, êàê âåðñòàþòñÿ àáçàöû. Îáû÷íî êàæäûé
àáçàö íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñ êðàñíîé ñòðîêè, à äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî èíòåðâàëà ìåæäó
íèìè íåò. Ïîäðîáíîñòè ñìîòðèòå â ðàçäåëå 6.3.2.
 íåêîòîðûõ ñëó÷àÿõ ìîæåò áûòü íåîáõîäèìî óêàçàòü LATEX ðàçî
ðâàòü ñòðîêó:
\\ èëè \newline
\\*
\newpage
2.2.2 Ïåðåíîñû
\hyphenation{ñïèñîê ñëîâ }
\hyphenation{FORTRAN Hy-phen-a-tion}
\mbox{òåêñò }
LATEX çíàåò ïðî ÷åòûðå âèäà òèðå. Òðè èç íèõ âû ìîæåòå ïîëó÷èòü ðàç
ëè÷íûì ÷èñëîì ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûõ çíàêîâ -. ×åòâåðòîå íà ñàìîì äåëå íå
òèðå âîâñå, à ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèé çíàê ìèíóñ:
http://www.rich.edu/\~{}bush \\ http://www.rich.edu/bush
http://www.clever.edu/$\sim$demo http://www.clever.edu/∼demo
1
Ïðè âåðñòêå îáû÷íî òðåáóþòñÿ äâå ïàðû êàâû÷åê, íà ñëó÷àé ¾½êàâû÷åê“ â êà
âû÷êàõ¿. Ïðè âåðñòêå íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå îáû÷íî âìåñòî òàêèõ è `òàêèõ' êàâû÷åê
èñïîëüçóþò ¾ýòè¿ è ½ýòè“ . Êàêèìè êîìàíäàìè îíè çàäàþòñÿ çàâèñèò îò èñïîëüçó
åìîé ðóñèôèêàöèè, íî îáû÷íî ýòî \flqq, \frqq (âìåñòî ýòîé ïàðû ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóþò
ëèãàòóðû << è >>) è \glqq, \grqq. Ïðèì. ïåðåâ.
2.4 Ñïåöèàëüíûå áóêâû è ñèìâîëû 23
Òåìïåðàòóðà óæå
Òåìïåðàòóðà óæå −30 ◦ C. Ñêîðî íàñòóïèò
$-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$.
ñâåðõïðîâîäèìîñòü.
Ñêîðî íàñòóïèò ñâåðõïðîâîäèìîñòü.
\usepackage{textcomp}
\texteuro
\usepackage[official ]{eurosym}
\EUR
Ñèìâîëû \texteuro{},
Ñèìâîëû ¿, ¿ è ¿ âñå âûãëÿäÿò ïî-ðàçíî
\euro{} è \EUR{} âñå
ìó.
âûãëÿäÿò ïî-ðàçíîìó.
24 Âåðñòêà òåêñòà
2.4.6 Ìíîãîòî÷èå ( . . . )
\ldots
2.4.7 Ëèãàòóðû
1
Ñîäåðæàíèå, Ñïèñîê èëëþñòðàöèé, Áèáëèîãðàôèÿ . . .
26 Âåðñòêà òåêñòà
\usepackage[ÿçûê ]{babel}
\selectlanguage{ÿçûê1 }
\usepackage[êîäèðîâêà ]{inputenc}
\usepackage{ucs}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[êîäèðîâêà ]{fontenc}
\usepackage[portugese]{babel}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[portuguese]{babel}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[frenchb]{babel}
\nombre{1234,56789} 1,234.567,89
\usepackage[german]{babel}
\dq "
1
2.5.4 Ïîääåðæêà êîðåéñêîãî
\usepackage{hangul}
\usepackage{hfont}
\usepackage{mathtext}
\usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc}
\usepackage[koi8-r]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english,bulgarian,russian,ukranian]{babel}
Mr.~Smith was happy to see her\\ Mr. Smith was happy to see her
cf.~Fig.~5\\ cf. Fig. 5
I like BASIC\@. What about you? I like BASIC. What about you?
1
 ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ òðàäèöèÿìè âåðñòêè, ïðèíÿòûìè â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå. Ïðèì.
ïåðåâ.
2.7 Çàãîëîâêè, ãëàâû è ðàçäåëû 35
\frenchspacing
êîòîðàÿ óêàçûâàåò LATEX íå âñòàâëÿòü ïðîáåëà ïîñëå òî÷êè áîëåå, ÷åì ïî
ñëå îáû÷íûõ ñèìâîëîâ. Ýòî îáû÷íî äëÿ ÿçûêîâ, îòëè÷íûõ îò àíãëèéñêî
ãî, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì áèáëèîãðàôèé. Åñëè âû èñïîëüçóåòå \frenchspacing,
êîìàíäà \@ íå íóæíà.
\section{...} \paragraph{...}
\subsection{...} \subparagraph{...}
\subsubsection{...}
 êëàññàõ report è book âû ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü äîïîëíèòåëüíóþ
êîìàíäó \chapter{...}.
Åñëè âû õîòèòå ðàçáèòü âàø äîêóìåíò íà ÷àñòè áåç èçìåíåíèÿ íóìå
ðàöèè ðàçäåëîâ/ãëàâ, èñïîëüçóéòå êîìàíäó \part{...}.
Òàê êàê ãëàâ (chapters) â êëàññå article íåò, òî ñòàòüè äîâîëüíî
ëåãêî äîáàâëÿòü â êíèãó â êà÷åñòâå ãëàâ. Èíòåðâàëû ìåæäó ðàçäåëàìè,
íóìåðàöèÿ è ðàçìåð øðèôòà çàãîëîâêîâ óñòàíàâëèâàþòñÿ LATEX àâòîìà
òè÷åñêè.
Äâå èç êîìàíä ñåêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ îñîáåííûå:
Êîìàíäà \part íå âëèÿåò íà ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü íóìåðîâàíèÿ ãëàâ.
Êîìàíäà \appendix àðãóìåíòà íå èìååò. Îíà ïðîñòî íà÷èíàåò íó
ìåðîâàòü ãëàâû áóêâàìè âìåñòî öèôð.1
LATEX ñîçäàåò îãëàâëåíèå, áåðÿ çàãîëîâêè ðàçäåëîâ è íîìåðà ñòðàíèö
èç ïðåäûäóùåãî öèêëà êîìïèëÿöèè äîêóìåíòà. Êîìàíäà
\tableofcontents
\maketitle
Ññûëêà íà ýòîò
ðàçäåë~\label{sec:this}
Ññûëêà íà ýòîò ðàçäåë âûãëÿäèò òàê: ¾ñì.
âûãëÿäèò òàê: <<ñì.
ðàçäåë 22 íà ñòð. 37.¿
ðàçäåë~\ref{sec:this} íà
ñòð.~\pageref{sec:this}.>>
2.9 Ñíîñêè
Êîìàíäà
\footnote{òåêñò ñíîñêè }
1
Çàìåòüòå, ÷òî ýòè êîìàíäû íå çíàþò, íà ÷òî èìåííî îíè ññûëàþòñÿ. \label ïðîñòî
ñîõðàíÿåò ïîñëåäíèé àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ãåíåðèðóåìûé íîìåð.
2
Çàìåòüòå, ÷òî ñíîñêè îòâëåêàþò ÷èòàòåëÿ îò îñíîâíîãî òåêñòà äîêóìåíòà. Âñå
âñåãäà ÷èòàþò ñíîñêè, ïîòîìó ÷òî ìû ëþáîïûòíûå ñîçäàíèÿ. Ïîýòîìó ñòàðàéòåñü
âêëþ÷àòü âñå, ÷òî âû õîòèòå ñêàçàòü, â îñíîâíîé òåêñò äîêóìåíòà.
38 Âåðñòêà òåêñòà
\underline{òåêñò }
\emph{òåêñò }
Åñëè âû èñïîëüçóåòå
\emph{âûäåëåíèå â óæå Åñëè âû èñïîëüçóåòå âûäåëåíèå â óæå âû
âûäåëåííîì òåêñòå, òî äåëåííîì òåêñòå, òî LATEX èñïîëüçóåò
\LaTeX{} èñïîëüçóåò ïðÿìîé øðèôò.
\emph{ïðÿìîé} øðèôò.}
2.11 Îêðóæåíèÿ
\begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa}
\flushleft
\begin{enumerate}
\item Âû ìîæåòå êàê óãîäíî
ñìåøèâàòü îêðóæåíèÿ ñïèñêîâ: 1. Âû ìîæåòå êàê óãîäíî ñìåøèâàòü
\begin{itemize} îêðóæåíèÿ ñïèñêîâ:
\item Íî ýòî ìîæåò ñìîòðåòüñÿ Íî ýòî ìîæåò ñìîòðåòüñÿ
ãëóïî. ãëóïî.
\item[-] Ñ ìèíóñîì.
\end{itemize} - Ñ ìèíóñîì.
\item Ïîýòîìó ïîìíèòå: 2. Ïîýòîìó ïîìíèòå:
\begin{description}
\item[Ãëóïûå] âåùè íå ñòàíóò Ãëóïûå âåùè íå ñòàíóò óìíåå îò
óìíåå îò ïîìåùåíèÿ â ñïèñîê. ïîìåùåíèÿ â ñïèñîê.
\item[Óìíûå] âåùè, îäíàêî, Óìíûå âåùè, îäíàêî, âïîëíå
âïîëíå ìîæíî ïðåäñòàâèòü ìîæíî ïðåäñòàâèòü ñïèñêîì.
ñïèñêîì.
\end{description}
\end{enumerate}
\begin{flushright}
Ýòîò òåêñò\\ âûðîâíåí âïðàâî. Ýòîò òåêñò
\LaTeX{} íå ñòàðàåòñÿ ñäåëàòü âûðîâíåí âïðàâî. LATEX íå ñòàðàåòñÿ
âñå ñòðîêè îäèíàêîâîé äëèíû. ñäåëàòü âñå ñòðîêè îäèíàêîâîé äëèíû.
\end{flushright}
\begin{center}
 öåíòðå
 öåíòðå\\Çåìëè
Çåìëè
\end{center}
40 Âåðñòêà òåêñòà
\verb+òåêñò +
\begin{verbatim*}
âàðèàíò îêðóæåíèÿ âàðèàíòîêðóæåíèÿ
verbatim ñî verbatimñî
çâåçäî÷êîé âûäåëÿåò çâåçäî÷êîéâûäåëÿåò
ïðîáåëû â òåêñòå ïðîáåëûâòåêñòå
\end{verbatim*}
2.11.5 Òàáëèöû
\begin{tabular}[ïîçèöèÿ ]{ñïåöèôèêàöèÿ }
\begin{tabular}{|r|l|}
\hline
7C0 & øåñòíàäöàòåðè÷íîå \\ 7C0 øåñòíàäöàòåðè÷íîå
3700 & âîñüìåðè÷íîå \\ \cline{2-2} 3700 âîñüìåðè÷íîå
11111000000 & äâîè÷íîå \\ 11111000000 äâîè÷íîå
\hline \hline
1984 äåñÿòè÷íîå
1984 & äåñÿòè÷íîå \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{|p{4.7cm}|}
\hline
Äîáðî ïîæàëîâàòü â àáçàö â Äîáðî ïîæàëîâàòü â àáçàö â
ðàìî÷êå. Íàäååìñÿ, âàì âñåì ðàìî÷êå. Íàäååìñÿ, âàì âñåì
òóò ïîíðàâèòñÿ.\\ òóò ïîíðàâèòñÿ.
\hline
\end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{@{} l @{}}
\hline
íåò âåäóùåãî ïðîáåëà\\ íåò âåäóùåãî ïðîáåëà
\hline
\end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{l}
\hline
âåäóùèé ïðîáåë ñëåâà è ñïðàâà\\ âåäóùèé ïðîáåë ñëåâà è ñïðàâà
\hline
\end{tabular}
2.12 Ïëàâàþùèå îáúåêòû 43
\begin{tabular}{c r @{.} l}
Âûðàæåíèå ñ $\pi$ &
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Çíà÷åíèå} \\ Âûðàæåíèå ñ π Çíà÷åíèå
\hline π 3.1416
$\pi$ & 3&1416 \\ ππ 36.46
$\pi^{\pi}$ & 36&46 \\ (π π )π 80662.7
$(\pi^{\pi})^{\pi}$ & 80662&7 \\
\end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Ene} \\ Ene
\hline
Mene Muh!
Mene & Muh! \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\begin{table}[!hbp]
b âíèçó ñòðàíèöû
\caption{òåêñò çàãîëîâêà }
\listoffigures è \listoftables
\caption[Êîðîòêèé]{Äääääëëëëëëèèèèííííííûûûûûûûûûûûûûûééé}
 ýòîì ïðèìåðå LATEX áóäåò î÷åíü ñèëüíî (!) ñòàðàòüñÿ ðàçìåñòèòü èë
ëþñòðàöèþ ïðÿìî ïî ìåñòó (h).1 Åñëè ýòî íåâîçìîæíî, îí ïîïûòàåòñÿ
ðàçìåñòèòü åå âíèçó ñòðàíèöû (b). Åñëè åìó íå óäàñòñÿ ïîìåñòèòü èë
ëþñòðàöèþ íà òåêóùåé ñòðàíèöå, îí âûÿñíèò, ìîæíî ëè ñîçäàòü ñòðà
íèöó ïëàâàþùèõ îáúåêòîâ, ñîäåðæàùóþ ýòó èëëþñòðàöèþ è, âîçìîæíî,
íåêîòîðûå òàáëèöû èç î÷åðåäè òàáëèö. Åñëè äëÿ îòäåëüíîé ñòðàíèöû
ìàòåðèàëà åùå íå íàêîïèëîñü, LATEX íà÷èíàåò íîâóþ ñòðàíèöó è ñíîâà
ðàññìàòðèâàåò èëëþñòðàöèþ, êàê åñëè áû îíà òîëüêî ÷òî ïîÿâèëàñü â
òåêñòå.
 îïðåäåëåííûõ ñëó÷àÿõ ìîæåò áûòü íåîáõîäèìî èñïîëüçîâàòü êî
ìàíäó
\footnote èëè \phantom. Äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû îíè ðàáîòàëè êàê ïðåäïîëà
ãàåòñÿ, íåîáõîäèìî ïåðåä íèìè ïîñòàâèòü êîìàíäó \protect.
Êîìàíäà \protect îòíîñèòñÿ òîëüêî ê êîìàíäå, íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ñëå
äóþùåé çà íåé; äàæå íå ê åå àðãóìåíòàì.  áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ëèøíÿÿ
êîìàíäà \protect íå ïîâðåäèò.
\section{ß âíèìàòåëåí
\protect\footnote{è çàùèùàþ ñâîè ñíîñêè}}
Ãëàâà 3
Íàáîð ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ
ôîðìóë
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:eps}
\epsilon > 0
\end{equation} >0 (3.1)
Èç (\ref{eq:eps}) Èç (3.1) âûâîäèì . . . Èç (3.1) ìû äåëàåì òî
âûâîäèì \ldots{}Èç æå.
\eqref{eq:eps} ìû
äåëàåì òî æå.
\begin{displaymath}
\lim_{n \to \infty} n
X 1 π2
\sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2} lim 2
=
n→∞ k 6
= \frac{\pi^2}{6} k=1
\end{displaymath}
\begin{equation}
\forall x \in \mathbf{R}:
\qquad x^{2} \geq 0 ∀x ∈ R : x2 ≥ 0 (3.2)
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
x^{2} \geq 0\qquad
\textrm{äëÿ âñåõ }x\in x2 ≥ 0 äëÿ âñåõ x ∈ R (3.3)
\mathbf{R}
\end{equation}
\begin{displaymath}
x^{2} \geq 0\qquad
\textrm{äëÿ âñåõ }x\in x2 ≥ 0 äëÿ âñåõ x ∈ R
\mathbb{R}
\end{displaymath}
\begin{equation}
a^x+y \neq a^{x+y} ax + y 6= ax+y (3.4)
\end{equation}
52 Íàáîð ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ ôîðìóë
$\lambda,\xi,\pi,\mu,%
λ, ξ, π, µ, Φ, Ω
\Phi,\Omega$
$\sqrt{x}$ \qquad √ √ √
$\sqrt{ x^{2}+\sqrt{y} }$
p 3
x x2 + y 2
\qquad $\sqrt[3]{2}$\\[3pt] √ 2
[x + y 2 ]
$\surd[x^2 + y^2]$
$\overline{m+n}$ m+n
\begin{displaymath}
y=x^{2}\qquad y'=2x
\qquad y''=2 y = x2 y 0 = 2x y 00 = 2
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\vec a\quad −−→
\overrightarrow{AB} ~a AB
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
v = {\sigma}_1 \cdot {\sigma}_2
{\tau}_1 \cdot {\tau}_2 v = σ 1 · σ 2 τ1 · τ2
\end{displaymath}
Äëÿ ôóíêöèè ìîäóëÿ ôóíêöèÿ ìîäóëÿ åñòü äâå êîìàíäû: \bmod äëÿ
áèíàðíîãî îïåðàòîðà ¾a mod b¿ è \pmod äëÿ âûðàæåíèé âðîäå ¾x ≡ a
(mod b)¿.
$1\frac{1}{2}$~÷àñà
\begin{displaymath} 1 12 ÷àñà
\frac{ x^{2} }{ k+1 }\qquad
x^{ \frac{2}{k+1} }\qquad x2 2
x k+1 x1/2
x^{ 1/2 } k+1
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
n
\binom{n}{k}\qquad\mathrm{C}_n^k Ckn
\end{displaymath} k
\begin{displaymath} Z
\int f_N(x) \stackrel{!}{=} 1 fN (x) = 1
!
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{i=1}^{n} \qquad n Z π
2
\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \qquad
X Y
\prod_\epsilon i=1 0
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{\substack{0<i<n \\ 1<j<m}}
P(i,j) = X X
P (i, j) = Q(i, j)
\sum_{\begin{subarray}{l} i\in I\\
0<i<n i∈I
1<j<m 1<j<m 1<j<m
\end{subarray}} Q(i,j)
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
{a,b,c}\neq\{a,b,c\} a, b, c 6= {a, b, c}
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
1 + \left( \frac{1}{ 1-x^{2} }
3
1
\right) ^3 1+
1 − x2
\end{displaymath}
2
$\Big( (x+1) (x-1) \Big) ^{2}$\\
(x + 1)(x − 1)
$\big(\Big(\bigg(\Bigg($\quad )
$\big\}\Big\}\bigg\}\Bigg\}$\quad
o
$\big\|\Big\|\bigg\|\Bigg\|$
\begin{displaymath}
x_{1},\ldots,x_{n} \qquad
x_{1}+\cdots+x_{n} x1 , . . . , xn x1 + · · · + xn
\end{displaymath}
\newcommand{\ud}{\mathrm{d}}
\begin{displaymath}
\int\!\!\!\int_{D} g(x,y)
ZZ
g(x, y) dx dy
\, \ud x\, \ud y D
\end{displaymath} âìåñòî
âìåñòî
Z Z
g(x, y)dxdy
\begin{displaymath} D
\int\int_{D} g(x,y)\ud x \ud y
\end{displaymath}
\newcommand{\ud}{\mathrm{d}}
\begin{displaymath}
ZZ
dx dy
\iint_{D} \, \ud x \, \ud y D
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\mathbf{X} =
\left( \begin{array}{ccc}
x11 x12 ...
x_{11} & x_{12} & \ldots \\ x21 x22 ...
X=
x_{21} & x_{22} & \ldots \\ .. .. ..
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots . . .
\end{array} \right)
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
y = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll}
a & \textrm{åñëè $d>c$}\\
åñëè d > c
a
b+x & \textrm{ïî óòðàì}\\
y= b + x ïî óòðàì
l & \textrm{îñòàëüíîå âðåìÿ äíÿ}
l îñòàëüíîå âðåìÿ äíÿ
\end{array} \right.
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\left(\begin{array}{c|c}
1 & 2 \\
1 2
\hline
3 4
3 & 4
\end{array}\right)
\end{displaymath}
\begin{eqnarray}
f(x) & = & \cos x \\ f (x) = cos x (3.5)
f'(x) & = & -\sin x \\
\int_{0}^{x} f(y)dy & f 0 (x) = − sin x (3.6)
Z x
= & \sin x f (y)dy = sin x (3.7)
\end{eqnarray} 0
{\setlength\arraycolsep{2pt}
\begin{eqnarray} x3 x5
\sin x & = & x -\frac{x^{3}}{3!} sin x = x − + −
3! 5!
+\frac{x^{5}}{5!}-{} 7
x
\nonumber\\ − + ··· (3.8)
& & {}-\frac{x^{7}}{7!}+{}\cdots 7!
\end{eqnarray}}
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{ \cos x = 1
-\frac{x^{2}}{2!} +{} } x2
cos x = 1 − +
\nonumber\\ 2!
& & {}+\frac{x^{4}}{4!} x4 x6
-\frac{x^{6}}{6!}+{}\cdots + − + ··· (3.9)
4! 6!
\end{eqnarray}
3.6 Ôàíòîìû
\begin{displaymath}
{}^{12}_{\phantom{1}6}\textrm{C}
\qquad \textrm{versus} \qquad 6C
12
versus 6 C
12
{}^{12}_{6}\textrm{C}
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\Gamma_{ij}^{\phantom{ij}k}
\qquad \textrm{versus} \qquad Γij k versus Γkij
\Gamma_{ij}^{k}
\end{displaymath}
\begin{equation}
2^{\textrm{nd}} \quad
2^{\mathrm{nd}} 2nd 2nd (3.10)
\end{equation}
Òåì íå ìåíåå, èíîãäà âàì ìîæåò áûòü íóæíî óêàçàòü LATEX òî÷íûé
ðàçìåð øðèôòà.  ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîì ðåæèìå ðàçìåð óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ ÷å
òûðüìÿ êîìàíäàìè:
1
 çàâèñèìîñòè îò èñïîëüçóåìîé ðóñèôèêàöèè, ó âàñ ìîãóò íå ðàáîòàòü ðóññêèå
áóêâû âíóòðè êîìàíäû \mathrm, âìåñòî êîòîðîé ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êîìàíäà
\cyrmathrm.
2
Ïðèì. ïåðåâ.
Ïðè ïîäêëþ÷åíèè AMS-LATEX (ïàêåò amsmath) êîìàíäà \textrm íà÷èíàåò ðàáî
òàòü ñ èçìåíåíèåì ðàçìåðà.
60 Íàáîð ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ ôîðìóë
\begin{displaymath}
\mathop{\mathrm{corr}}(X,Y)=
\frac{\displaystyle
n
\sum_{i=1}^n(x_i-\overline x) X
(xi − x)(yi − y)
(y_i-\overline y)}
i=1
{\displaystyle\biggl[ corr(X, Y ) = n n 1/2
\sum_{i=1}^n(x_i-\overline x)^2
X X
2 2
(xi − x) (yi − y)
\sum_{i=1}^n(y_i-\overline y)^2 i=1 i=1
\biggr]^{1/2}}
\end{displaymath}
Ýòî îäèí èç ïðèìåðîâ, êîãäà íàì íóæíû ñêîáêè áîëüøèå, ÷åì ïðåäîñòàâ
ëÿåìûå ñòàíäàðòíûìè \left[ \right].
\begin{íàçâàíèå }[òåêñò ]
Ýòî èíòåðåñíàÿ òåîðåìà.
\end{íàçâàíèå }
âàñ, ÷òî îêðóæåíèå \newtheorem ñëèøêîì ñëîæíî, ÷òîáû åãî ìîæíî áû
ëî ïîíÿòü:
% îïðåäåëåíèÿ äëÿ
% ïðåàìáóëû äîêóìåíòà
\newtheorem{law}{Law}
\newtheorem{jury}[law]{Jury} Law 1 Don't hide in the witness box
% â òåëå äîêóìåíòà
\begin{law} \label{law:box} Jury 2 (The Twelve) It could be you! So
Don't hide in the witness box beware and see law 1
\end{law}
\begin{jury}[The Twelve]
Law 3 No, No, No
It could be you! So beware and
see law~\ref{law:box}\end{jury}
\begin{law}No, No, No\end{law}
\flushleft
\newtheorem{mur}{Murphy}[section]
\begin{mur}
Åñëè ñóùåñòâóåò äâà èëè Murphy 3.8.1 Åñëè ñóùåñòâóåò äâà èëè
áîëåå ñïîñîáà ñäåëàòü áîëåå ñïîñîáà ñäåëàòü íå÷òî, è îäèí èõ
íå÷òî, è îäèí èõ ýòèõ ýòèõ ñïîñîáîâ ìîæåò ïðèâåñòè ê
ñïîñîáîâ ìîæåò ïðèâåñòè êàòàñòðîôå, òî êòî-òî îáÿçàòåëüíî ýòî
ê êàòàñòðîôå, òî êòî-òî ñäåëàåò.
îáÿçàòåëüíî ýòî ñäåëàåò.
\end{mur}
è ê ñèìâîëàì.
62 Íàáîð ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ ôîðìóë
\begin{displaymath}
\mu, M \qquad \mathbf{M} \qquad
\mbox{\boldmath $\mu, M$} µ, M M µ, M
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\mu, M \qquad
\boldsymbol{\mu}, \boldsymbol{M} µ, M µ, M
\end{displaymath}
3.10 Ñïèñîê ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ ñèìâîëîâ 63
1
Ýòè òàáëèöû áûëè ïîëó÷åíû èç symbols.tex (àâòîð David Carlisle) è ïîçæå ñèëüíî
èçìåíåíû ïî ñîâåòó Josef Tkadlec
64 Íàáîð ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ ôîðìóë
+ + − -
± \pm ∓ \mp / \triangleleft
· \cdot ÷ \div . \triangleright
× \times \ \setminus ? \star
∪ \cup ∩ \cap ∗ \ast
t \sqcup u \sqcap ◦ \circ
∨ \vee , \lor ∧ \wedge , \land • \bullet
⊕ \oplus \ominus \diamond
\odot \oslash ] \uplus
⊗ \otimes
\bigcirc q \amalg
4 \bigtriangleup 5 \bigtriangledown † \dagger
\lhd 1 \rhd 1 ‡ \ddagger
\unlhd 1 \unrhd 1 o \wr
3.10 Ñïèñîê ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ ñèìâîëîâ 65
( ( ) ) ↑ \uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow
[ [ èëè \lbrack ] ] èëè \rbrack ↓ \downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow
{ \{ èëè \lbrace } \} èëè \rbrace l \updownarrow m \Updownarrow
h \langle i \rangle | | èëè \vert k \| èëè \Vert
b \lfloor c \rfloor d \lceil e \rceil
/ / \ \backslash
A BC \mathscr{ABC} mathrsfs
Ñïåöèàëüíûå âîçìîæíîñòè
êè
\usepackage[äðàéâåð ]{graphicx}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[angle=90, width=0.5\textwidth]{test}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
1
macros/latex/required/graphics
2
Åñëè âàøà ïðîãðàììà íå èìååò ýêñïîðòà â EPS, ìîæíî ïîïðîáîâàòü óñòàíîâèòü
äðàéâåð PostScript -ïðèíòåðà (ñêàæåì, êàêîãî-íèáóäü Apple LaserWriter) è ïå÷àòàòü
â ôàéë ÷åðåç ýòîò äðàéâåð. Åñëè âàì ïîâåçåò, â ýòîì ôàéëå áóäåò EPS. Çàìåòüòå, ÷òî
EPS îáÿçàí ñîäåðæàòü íå áîëüøå îäíîé ñòðàíèöû. Íåêîòîðûå ïðèíòåðíûå äðàéâåðû
íóæíî â ÿâíîì âèäå íàñòðàèâàòü äëÿ ãåíåðàöèè EPS.
Òàáëèöà 4.1: Íàçâàíèÿ îïöèé ïàêåòà graphicx
4.2 Áèáëèîãðàôèÿ
\bibitem[ìåòêà ]{ìàðêåð }
\cite{ìàðêåð }
Partl~\cite{pa} ïðåäëîæèë,
÷òîáû \ldots
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{pa} H.~Partl:
\emph{German \TeX}, Ëèòåðàòóðà
TUGboat Volume~9, Issue~1 ('88)
\end{thebibliography}
4.3 Óêàçàòåëè
\usepackage{makeidx}
1
Íà ñèñòåìàõ, íå ïîääåðæèâàþùèõ äëèííûå èìåíà ôàéëîâ, ïðîãðàììà ìîæåò íà
çûâàòüñÿ makeidx.
4.3 Óêàçàòåëè 75
áóëó êîìàíäû
\makeindex
\index{êëþ÷ }
makeindex filename
\printindex
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
% ýòèì ìû óáåæäàåìñÿ, ÷òî çàãîëîâêè ãëàâ è
% ðàçäåëîâ èñïîëüçóþò íèæíèé ðåãèñòð.
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} % óáèðàåì òåêóùèå óñòàíîâêè äëÿ êîëîíòèòóëîâ
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\bfseries\thepage}
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt} % îñòàâëÿåì ìåñòî äëÿ ëèíåéêè
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\fancyhead{} % íà îáû÷íûõ ñòðàíèöàõ óáèðàåì êîëîíòèòóëû
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % è ëèíåéêó
}
\verbatiminput{ôàéë }
2. Ïîìåñòèòå ôàéë .sty òóäà, ãäå âàø äèñòðèáóòèâ èùåò ýòè ôàéëû.
Îáû÷íî ýòî ïîäêàòàëîãè êàòàëîãà .../localtexmf /tex/latex.
ññûëêè.  êîíòåêñòå LATEX ýòî îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî âñå ïîÿâëåíèÿ â òåêñòå êî
ìàíä \ref è \pageref ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ãèïåðññûëêàìè. Êðîìå òîãî, îãëàâëå
íèå, ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü è äðóãèå àíàëîãè÷íûå ñòðóêòóðû ñòàíîâÿòñÿ
íàáîðàìè ãèïåðññûëîê.
Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü âåá-ñòðàíèö ñåãîäíÿ ïèøåòñÿ íà ÿçûêå HTML
(HyperText Markup Language, ÿçûê ãèïåðòåêñòîâîé ðàçìåòêè). Äëÿ íà
\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth
\pdfpageheight=\paperheight
Ñëåäóþùèé ðàçäåë áîëåå äåòàëüíî ïîÿñíÿåò ðàçíèöó ìåæäó ¾íîð
ìàëüíûì¿ LATEX è pdf LATEX. Îñíîâíûå îòëè÷èÿ ñîñðåäîòî÷åíû â òðåõ
îáëàñòÿõ: â èñïîëüçóåìûõ øðèôòàõ, â ôîðìàòàõ âêëþ÷àåìûõ èçîáðàæå
íèé è â ìåòîäàõ ðó÷íîãî ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ãèïåðññûëîê.
4.7.2 Øðèôòû
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{pxfonts}
\usepackage[pdftex]{color,graphicx}
4.7.4 Ãèïåðññûëêè
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
×òîáû îòêðûòü îêíî çàêëàäîê è ðàñêðàñèòü ññûëêè (çíà÷åíèÿ =true
ìîæíî îïóñêàòü):
\usepackage[pdftex,bookmarks,colorlinks]{hyperref}
Êîãäà PDF-äîêóìåíòû ïðåäíàçíà÷àþòñÿ äëÿ ïå÷àòè, öâåòíûå ññûë
êè ëó÷øå íå èñïîëüçîâàòü, ïîòîìó ÷òî îíè îêàæóòñÿ íà áóìàãå ñåðûìè,
çàòðóäíÿÿ ÷òåíèå. Ëó÷øå èñïîëüçîâàòü öâåòíûå ðàìêè, êîòîðûå íå ïå
÷àòàþòñÿ:
\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{colorlinks=false}
èëè äåëàòü ññûëêè ÷åðíûìè:
\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{colorlinks,%
citecolor=black,%
filecolor=black,%
linkcolor=black,%
urlcolor=black,%
pdftex}
Åñëè âàì íóæíî çàäàòü èíôîðìàöèþ äëÿ ñåêöèè Document Info:
\usepackage[pdfauthor={Pierre Desproges}%
pdftitle={Des femmes qui tombent},%
pdftex]{hyperref}
\href{url }{text }
Êîä
4.7 Ðàáîòà ñ pdf L
AT X
E 85
Âåá-ñàéò \href{http://www.ctan.org}{CTAN}.
ãåíåðèðóåò íà âûõîäå CTAN; ïðè íàæàòèè ìûøüþ íà ñëîâî CTAN
âû ïîïàäåòå íà âåá-ñàéò CTAN.
Åñëè ññûëêà âåäåò íå íà URL, à íà ëîêàëüíûé ôàéë, âû òîæå ìîæåòå
ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êîìàíäîé \href:
Ïîëíûé òåêñò äîêóìåíòà íàõîäèòñÿ \href{manual.pdf}{çäåñü}.
÷òî ñãåíåðèðóåò òåêñò Ïîëíûé òåêñò äîêóìåíòà íàõîäèòñÿ çäåñü. Íà
æàòèå íà ñëîâî çäåñü îòêðîåò ôàéë manual.pdf. (Èìÿ ôàéëà ðàññìàò
ðèâàåòñÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî ïîëîæåíèÿ òåêóùåãî äîêóìåíòà.)
Àâòîð ñòàòüè ìîæåò îáëåã÷èòü ÷èòàòåëþ îòñûëêó îòêëèêîâ, èñïîëü
çóÿ êîìàíäó \href âíóòðè êîìàíäû \author íà òèòóëüíîé ñòðàíèöå äî
êóìåíòà:
\author{Mary Oetiker $<$\href{mailto:mary@oetiker.ch}%
{mary@oetiker.ch}$>$
Çàìåòèì, ÷òî ññûëêà ñ ïî÷òîâûì àäðåñîì äîïîëíÿåò àäðåñ, ïðèâåäåííûé
ñîáñòâåííî íà ñòðàíèöå. Ýòî ñäåëàíî ïîòîìó, ÷òî ññûëêà
\href{mailto:mary@oetiker.ch}{Mary Oetiker}
áóäåò óäîáíà èç-ïîä Acrobat Reader, íî áóäåò íåâèäèìà ïîñëå ïå÷àòè
äîêóìåíòà íà áóìàãå.
LTEX
pdf A
\ifPDF
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{aeguill}
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx,color}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\else
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\usepackage[dvips]{hyperref}
\fi
\documentclass[pdftex,12pt]{article}
%%% misc extensions %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{aeguill}
%%% pdfscreen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage[screen,panelleft,chocolate]{pdfscreen}
% Screen Format
\panelwidth=25mm
%% height width
\screensize{150mm}{200mm}
%% left right top bottom
\marginsize{42mm}{8mm}{10mm}{10mm}
% Color or image for background
\overlayempty
\definecolor{mybg}{rgb}{1,0.9,0.7}
\backgroundcolor{mybg}
% Logo
\emblema{MyLogo}
%%% For PPower4 (post-processor) %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{pause}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
\begin{slide}
\begin{itemize}
\item Good News\dots \pause
\item Bad News
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}
\end{document}
\overlay{èçîáðàæåíèå }
èëè, åñëè âû ïðåäïî÷èòàåòå ïóñòîé ôîí, ìîæíî çàäàòü åãî öâåò êîìàíäîé
\background{öâåò }
\emblema{ôàéë-ñ-ýìáëåìîé }
Ãåíåðàöèÿ ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé
ãðàôèêè
5.1 Îáçîð
\begin{picture}(x, y ). . . \end{picture}
ëèáî
\setlength{\unitlength}{1.2cm}
\put(x, y ){îáúåêò }
èëè
5.2.2 Îòðåçêè
\setlength{\unitlength}{5cm}
\begin{picture}(1,1)
\put(0,0){\line(0,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,0){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,2){.5}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,3){.3333}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,4){.25}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,5){.2}}
%
\put(0,0){\line(1,6){.1667}}
%
%
\put(0,0){\line(2,1){1}}
% ,
,
\put(0,0){\line(2,3){.6667}}
#
#
% ,
#
\put(0,0){\line(2,5){.4}}
%
,
,
#
\put(0,0){\line(3,1){1}}
%
,
#
#
"
"
"
\put(0,0){\line(3,2){1}}
% ,"
% # #
, "
\put(0,0){\line(3,4){.75}}
% # , "
" !
!!
\put(0,0){\line(3,5){.6}}
% ,
# "!!
"!!
\put(0,0){\line(4,1){1}}
%, ,
#
"!
# " !((
\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}
%#
" ! ( (
,
" ! ! ((((
\put(0,0){\line(4,5){.8}}
%
,
#
!
( (
,
!
"
#
%
(
(
"
!
(((
\put(0,0){\line(5,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(5,2){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(5,3){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(5,4){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(5,6){.8333}}
\put(0,0){\line(6,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(6,5){1}}
\end{picture}
94 Ãåíåðàöèÿ ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé ãðàôèêè
2. äëèíà.
Êîìïîíåíòû âåêòîðà îãðàíè÷åíû â ñâîåì çíà÷åíèè íàáîðîì öåëûõ ÷èñåë
−6, −5 . . . , 5, 6,
è îíè îáÿçàíû áûòü âçàèìíî ïðîñòûìè (íå èìåòü îáùåãî äåëèòåëÿ, êðî
ìå 1). Èëëþñòðàöèÿ ïîêàçûâàåò âñå 25 âîçìîæíûõ çíà÷åíèé íàêëîíà â
ïåðâîì êâàäðàíòå. Äëèíà âûðàæàåòñÿ â åäèíèöàõ \unitlength. Àðãó
ìåíò äëèíû çàäàåò âåðòèêàëüíóþ êîîðäèíàòó â ñëó÷àå âåðòèêàëüíîãî
îòðåçêà è ãîðèçîíòàëüíóþ âî âñåõ îñòàëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ.
5.2.3 Âåêòîðû
\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
\begin{picture}(60,40)
\put(30,20){\vector(1,0){30}}
\put(30,20){\vector(4,1){20}}
OC
C
*
\put(30,20){\vector(3,1){25}} C
\put(30,20){\vector(2,1){30}} yXX
X
XX
C
1
\put(30,20){\vector(1,2){10}} XXX C :
XC
-
\thicklines
\put(30,20){\vector(-4,1){30}}
\put(30,20){\vector(-1,4){5}}
\thinlines
\put(30,20){\vector(-1,-1){5}}
\put(30,20){\vector(-1,-4){5}}
\end{picture}
−4, −3, . . . , 3, 4.
5.2.4 Îêðóæíîñòè
\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
\begin{picture}(60, 40)
\put(20,30){\circle{1}}
\put(20,30){\circle{2}}
\put(20,30){\circle{4}}
\put(20,30){\circle{8}}
\put(20,30){\circle{16}}
\put(20,30){\circle{32}}
\put(40,30){\circle{1}}
\put(40,30){\circle{2}} '$ '$
#
\put(40,30){\circle{3}}
\put(40,30){\circle{4}} j
be m
j
h
be
\put(40,30){\circle{5}}
"!
\put(40,30){\circle{6}} &% &%
\put(40,30){\circle{7}}
\put(40,30){\circle{8}}
\put(40,30){\circle{9}} r u x z}
\put(40,30){\circle{10}}
\put(40,30){\circle{11}}
\put(40,30){\circle{12}}
\put(40,30){\circle{13}}
\put(40,30){\circle{14}}
\put(15,10){\circle*{1}}
\put(20,10){\circle*{2}}
\put(25,10){\circle*{3}}
\put(30,10){\circle*{4}}
\put(35,10){\circle*{5}}
\end{picture}
Êîìàíäà
\put(x, y ){\circle{äèàìåòð }}
\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
\begin{picture}(6,5)
\thicklines
\put(1,0.5){\line(2,1){3}}
\put(4,2){\line(-2,1){2}}
p
F = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
\put(2,3){\line(-2,-5){1}}
\put(0.7,0.3){$A$}
\put(4.05,1.9){$B$} CH
\put(1.7,2.95){$C$}
HH a
HH
\put(3.1,2.5){$a$}
B
H
\put(1.3,1.7){$b$} b
\put(2.5,1.05){$c$}
c
\put(0.3,4){$F=
a+b+c
\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$} s :=
A 2
\put(3.5,0.4){$\displaystyle
s:=\frac{a+b+c}{2}$}
\end{picture}
\setlength{\unitlength}{2mm}
\begin{picture}(30,20)
\linethickness{0.075mm}
\multiput(0,0)(1,0){31}%
{\line(0,1){20}}
\multiput(0,0)(0,1){21}%
{\line(1,0){30}}
\linethickness{0.15mm}
\multiput(0,0)(5,0){7}%
{\line(0,1){20}}
\multiput(0,0)(0,5){5}%
{\line(1,0){30}}
\linethickness{0.3mm}
\multiput(5,0)(10,0){3}%
{\line(0,1){20}}
\multiput(0,5)(0,10){2}%
{\line(1,0){30}}
\end{picture}
5.2 Îêðóæåíèå picture 97
Êîìàíäà
Êîìàíäà
èëè
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.5mm}
\begin{picture}(120,168)
\newsavebox{\foldera}% îáúÿâëåíèå
\savebox{\foldera}
(40,32)[bl]{% îïðåäåëåíèå
\multiput(0,0)(0,28){2}
{\line(1,0){40}}
\multiput(0,0)(40,0){2}
{\line(0,1){28}}
\put(1,28){\oval(2,2)[tl]}
\put(1,29){\line(1,0){5}}
\put(9,29){\oval(6,6)[tl]}
\put(9,32){\line(1,0){8}}
\put(17,29){\oval(6,6)[tr]}
\put(20,29){\line(1,0){19}}
\put(39,28){\oval(2,2)[tr]}
}
\newsavebox{\folderb}% îáúÿâëåíèå
\savebox{\folderb}
(40,32)[l]{% îïðåäåëåíèå
\put(0,14){\line(1,0){8}}
\put(8,0){\usebox{\foldera}}
}
\put(34,26){\line(0,1){102}}
\put(14,128){\usebox{\foldera}}
\multiput(34,86)(0,-37){3}
{\usebox{\folderb}}
\end{picture}
\newsavebox{íàçâàíèå }
\put(x, y )\usebox{íàçâàíèå }
\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
\begin{picture}(6,4)
\linethickness{0.075mm}
\multiput(0,0)(1,0){7}
{\line(0,1){4}}
\multiput(0,0)(0,1){5}
{\line(1,0){6}}
\thicklines
\put(0.5,0.5){\line(1,5){0.5}}
\put(1,3){\line(4,1){2}} D
\qbezier(0.5,0.5)(1,3)(3,3.5) D
\thinlines
HH D
\put(2.5,2){\line(2,-1){3}}
HH D
D
\put(5.5,0.5){\line(-1,5){0.5}}
H
HH D
\linethickness{1mm} HHD
\qbezier(2.5,2)(5.5,0.5)(5,3)
\thinlines
\qbezier(4,2)(4,3)(3,3)
\qbezier(3,3)(2,3)(2,2)
\qbezier(2,2)(2,1)(3,1)
\qbezier(3,1)(4,1)(4,2)
\end{picture}
\setlength{\unitlength}{1.3cm}
\begin{picture}(4.3,3.6)(-2.5,-0.25)
\put(-2,0){\vector(1,0){4.4}}
\put(2.45,-.05){$x$}
\put(0,0){\vector(0,1){3.2}}
\put(0,3.35){\makebox(0,0){$y$}}
\qbezier(0.0,0.0)(1.2384,0.0)
(2.0,2.7622)
\qbezier(0.0,0.0)(-1.2384,0.0)
(-2.0,2.7622) y
\linethickness{.075mm} 6
\multiput(-2,0)(1,0){5}
{\line(0,1){3}}
\multiput(-2,0)(0,1){4}
{\line(1,0){4}}
\linethickness{.2mm}
\put( .3,.12763){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(.5,-.07237){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(-.7,.12763){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(-.5,-.07237){\line(0,1){.4}} -x
\put(.8,.54308){\line(1,0){.4}} v
\put(1,.34308){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(-1.2,.54308){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(-1,.34308){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(1.3,1.35241){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(1.5,1.15241){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(-1.7,1.35241){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(-1.5,1.15241){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(-2.5,-0.25){\circle*{0.2}}
\end{picture}
\begin{picture}(4.3,3.6)(-2.5,-0.25)
\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
\begin{picture}(6,4)(-3,-2)
\put(-2.5,0){\vector(1,0){5}}
\put(2.7,-0.1){$\chi$}
\put(0,-1.5){\vector(0,1){3}}
β = v/c = tanh χ
\multiput(-2.5,1)(0.4,0){13} 6
{\line(1,0){0.2}}
\multiput(-2.5,-1)(0.4,0){13}
{\line(1,0){0.2}} - χ
\put(0.2,1.4)
{$\beta=v/c=\tanh\chi$}
\qbezier(0,0)(0.8853,0.8853)
(2,0.9640)
u
\qbezier(0,0)(-0.8853,-0.8853)
(-2,-0.9640)
\put(-3,-2){\circle*{0.2}}
\end{picture}
5.3 XY-pic
Àâòîð: Alberto Manuel Brandao Sim
oes <albie@alfarrabio.di.uminho.pt>
\usepackage[îïöèè ]{xy}
\begin{displaymath} A B
\xymatrix{A & B \\
C & D }
\end{displaymath} C D
\begin{displaymath} AO /B
\xymatrix{ A \ar[r] & B \ar[d] \\
D \ar[u] & C \ar[l] }
\end{displaymath} Do C
\begin{displaymath} /B
\xymatrix{ A@
@@
A \ar[d] \ar[dr] \ar[r] & B \\ @@
@@
D & C }
\end{displaymath} D C
\begin{displaymath}
\xymatrix{ A @PPP
@@ PPP
A \ar[d] \ar[dr] \ar[drr] & & \\ @@ PPP
@@ PPP
B & C & D } PP'
\end{displaymath} B C D
\begin{displaymath}
\xymatrix{ A
f
/B
A \ar[r]^f \ar[d]_g & g g0
B \ar[d]^{g'} \\
D \ar[r]_{f'} & C } D /C
f0
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\xymatrix{ A f /B
A \ar[r]|f \ar[d]|g &
g g0
B \ar[d]|{g'} \\
D \ar[r]|{f'} & C } D f0 /C
\end{displaymath}
• /•
• o•
\shorthandoff{"}
\begin{displaymath} • /o /o /o /o /o /o o/ ? _ •
\xymatrix{
\bullet\ar@{->}[rr] && \bullet\\
\bullet\ar@{.<}[rr] && \bullet\\ • •
\bullet\ar@{~)}[rr] && \bullet\\
\bullet\ar@{=(}[rr] && \bullet\\
\bullet\ar@{~/}[rr] && \bullet\\ • /o /o /o /o /o /o o/ •
\bullet\ar@{^{(}->}[rr] && \bullet\\
\bullet\ar@2{->}[rr] && \bullet\\
\bullet\ar@3{->}[rr] && \bullet\\ • /•
\bullet\ar@{=+}[rr] && \bullet
} +3 •
•
\end{displaymath}
\shorthandon{"}
• _*4 •
• _ •
\begin{displaymath}
\xymatrix{
\bullet \ar[r]
\ar@{.>}[r] & • /•
\bullet
}
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\xymatrix{
\bullet \ar@/^/[r]
\ar@/_/@{.>}[r] & (
• 6•
\bullet
}
\end{displaymath}
Íàñòðîéêà LATEX
\begin{lscommand}
\dum
\ci{dum}
\end{lscommand}
\newcommand{\tnss}{The not
so Short Introduction to The not so Short Introduction to LATEX 2ε
\LaTeXe} . . . The not so Short Introduction to
% â òåëå äîêóìåíòà: LATEX 2ε
``\tnss'' \ldots{} ``\tnss''
\newcommand{\txsit}[1]
{\emph{#1} êðàòêîå
ââåäåíèå â \LaTeXe}
% â òåëå äîêóìåíòà Íå î÷åíü êðàòêîå ââåäåíèå â LATEX 2ε
\begin{itemize} Î÷åíü êðàòêîå ââåäåíèå â LATEX 2ε
\item \txsit{Íå î÷åíü}
\item \txsit{Î÷åíü}
\end{itemize}
\newenvironment{king}
{\rule{1ex}{1ex}%
\hspace{\stretch{1}}}
{\hspace{\stretch{1}}%
\rule{1ex}{1ex}} Ìîè ñìèðåííûå ïîääàííûå. . .
\begin{king}
Ìîè ñìèðåííûå ïîääàííûå\ldots
\end{king}
\ProvidesPackage{íàçâàíèå ïàêåòà }
{\small Ìàëåíüêèé,
\textbf{ïîëóæèðíûé}, Ìàëåíüêèé, ïîëóæèðíûé, áîëüøîé,
\Large áîëüøîé, êóðñèâ.
\textit{êóðñèâ}.}
\begin{Large}
Ýòî íåïðàâäà. Íî Ýòî íåïðàâäà. Íî ÷òî â íàøè
÷òî â íàøè äíè\ldots äíè. . .
\end{Large}
6.2.2 Îïàñíîñòü!
6.2.3 Ñîâåò
6.3 Èíòåðâàëû
\linespread{êîýôôèöèåíò }
\setlength{\baselineskip}{1.5\baselineskip}
{\setlength{\baselineskip}%
{1.5\baselineskip} Ýòîò àáçàö íàáðàí ñ èíòåðâàëîì â 1.5 ðàçà
Ýòîò àáçàö íàáðàí ñ èíòåðâàëîì â áîëüøå ïðåäûäóùåãî. Çàìåòüòå êîìàíäó
1.5 ðàçà áîëüøå ïðåäûäóùåãî. Çàìåòüòå
êîìàíäó \par{} â êîíöå àáçàöà.\par} â êîíöå àáçàöà.
ßñíî, çà÷åì íàáðàò ýòîò àáçàö: îí ïîêà
ßñíî, çà÷åì íàáðàò ýòîò àáçàö: îí
çûâàåò, ÷òî çà çàêðûâàþùåéñÿ ôèãóðíîé
ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî çà çàêðûâàþùåéñÿ
ñêîáêîé âñå âåðíóëîñü ê íîðìàëüíûì óñòà
ôèãóðíîé ñêîáêîé âñå âåðíóëîñü ê
íîâêàì.
íîðìàëüíûì óñòàíîâêàì.
6.3 Èíòåðâàëû 113
\indent
\noindent
\hspace{äëèíà }
Òóò\hspace{1.5cm}ïðîáåë
Òóò ïðîáåë â 1,5ñì.
â 1,5ñì.
Êîìàíäà
\stretch{n }
x\hspace{\stretch{1}}
x x x
x\hspace{\stretch{3}}x
{\Large{}big\hspace{1em}y}\\ big y
{\tiny{}tin\hspace{1em}y} tin y
\vspace{äëèíà }
Íåêèé òåêñò\ldots
\vspace{\stretch{1}}
À ýòî îêàæåòñÿ íà ïîñëåäíåé ñòðîêå ñòðàíèöû.\pagebreak
\\[äëèíà ]
6
4i 5i 6i 2i
? ?
?
Âåðõíèé êîëîíòèòóë
?
6
6
6 6
Ìàðãèíàëèè
Òåëî 7i
(ïîëÿ)
- 9i
10i -
3i-
8i -
? ?
1i- Íèæíèé êîëîíòèòóë
6i
11
òîæå îêîëî 66 áóêâ â ñòðîêå. Îïûò ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ïðè áîëüøåì êîëè÷å
ñòâå áóêâ ÷òåíèå çàòðóäíÿåòñÿ, ïîòîìó, ÷òî ãëàçàì ñòàíîâèòñÿ òðóäíåå
ïåðåõîäèòü îò êîíöà îäíîé ñòðîêè ê íà÷àëó ñëåäóþùåé. Èìåííî ïîýòîìó
ãàçåòû ÷àñòî âåðñòàþòñÿ â íåñêîëüêî êîëîíîê.
Òàê ÷òî, óâåëè÷èâàÿ øèðèíó âàøåãî òåêñòà, èìåéòå â âèäó, ÷òî âû
çàòðóäíÿåòå æèçíü åãî ÷èòàòåëÿì. Îäíàêî, äîñòàòî÷íî ïðåäóïðåæäåíèé,
âàì áûë îáåùàí ðàññêàç î òîì, êàê æå ýòî ñäåëàòü. . .
LATEX ïðåäîñòàâëÿåò äâå êîìàíäû äëÿ èçìåíåíèÿ ýòèõ ïàðàìåòðîâ.
Èõ îáû÷íî èñïîëüçóþò â ïðåàìáóëå äîêóìåíòà.
Ïåðâàÿ êîìàíäà ïðèñâàèâàåò ôèêñèðîâàííîå çíà÷åíèå ëþáîìó ïàðà
ìåòðó:
\setlength{ïàðàìåòð }{äëèíà }
\addtolength{ïàðàìåòð }{äëèíà }
Îíà äàæå áîëåå ïîëåçíà, ÷åì \setlength, ïîòîìó ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò âàì
äåëàòü íàñòðîéêó îòíîñèòåëüíî ñóùåñòâóþùèõ óñòàíîâîê. ×òîáû äîáà
âèòü ñàíòèìåòð ê îáùåé øèðèíå òåêñòà, íàïðèìåð, â ïðåàìáóëó íóæíî
ïîìåñòèòü ñëåäóþùåå:
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-0.5cm}
\addtolength{\textwidth}{1cm}
Çäåñü âàì ìîæåò áûòü èíòåðåñåí ïàêåò calc, êîòîðûé ïîçâîëÿåò èñ
ïîëüçîâàòü àðèôìåòè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè â àðãóìåíòå \setlength è â äðó
ãèõ ìåñòàõ, ãäå àðãóìåíòàìè ÿâëÿþòñÿ ÷èñëåííûå çíà÷åíèÿ.
\settoheight{ïåpåìåííàÿ }{òåêñò }
\settodepth{ïåpåìåííàÿ }{òåêñò }
\settowidth{ïåpåìåííàÿ }{òåêñò }
\flushleft
\newenvironment{vardesc}[1]{%
\settowidth{\parindent}{#1:\ }
\makebox[0pt][r]{#1:\ }}{}
\begin{displaymath} a2 + b2 = c2
a^2+b^2=c^2
\end{displaymath} Ãäå: a, b ïðèëåãàþò ê ïðÿìîìó óãëó
ïðÿìîóãîëüíîãî òðåóãîëüíèêà.
\begin{vardesc}{Ãäå}$a$,
$b$ -- ïðèëåãàþò ê ïðÿìîìó óãëó c îäèíîêàÿ ãèïîòåíóçà ýòîãî
ïðÿìîóãîëüíîãî òðåóãîëüíèêà. òðåóãîëüíèêà.
d âîîáùå òóò íå ó÷àñòâóåò. Âîò
$c$ -- îäèíîêàÿ ãèïîòåíóçà çàãàäêà. . .
ýòîãî òðåóãîëüíèêà.
6.6 Áëîêè
Íàäî ïðèçíàòü, ÷òî ýòî äîâîëüíî óïðîùåííàÿ âåðñèÿ òîãî, ÷òî ïðîèñ
õîäèò íà ñàìîì äåëå, íî èäåÿ â òîì, ÷òî TEX âñåãäà ðàáîòàåò ñ áëîêàìè
è êëååì. Íå òîëüêî áóêâà ìîæåò áûòü áëîêîì. Âû ìîæåòå ïîìåñòèòü â
áëîê ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå, ÷òî óãîäíî, íå èñêëþ÷àÿ è äðóãèå áëîêè. Êàæ
äûé áëîê çàòåì îáðàáàòûâàåòñÿ LATEX, êàê åñëè áû ýòî áûëà îòäåëüíàÿ
áóêâà.
èëè îêðóæåíèåì
1
Ýòî îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî îíà ìîæåò áûòü ìåíüøå, ÷åì ìàòåðèàë âíóòðè áëîêà.  ïðå
äåëüíîì ñëó÷àå âû ìîæåòå äàæå óñòàíîâèòü åå â 0pt, òàê ÷òî òåêñò âíóòðè áëîêà
âåðñòàåòñÿ, âîîáùå íå îêàçûâàÿ âëèÿíèÿ íà îêðóæàþùèå áëîêè.
2
Øèðèíà, âûñîòà, ãëóáèíà è îáùàÿ âûñîòà (âûñîòà ïëþñ ãëóáèíà) òåêñòà, ñîîòâåò
ñòâåííî. Ïðèì. ïåðåâ.
120 Íàñòðîéêà L
AT X
E
\makebox[\textwidth]{%
ö å í ò ð}\par
\makebox[\textwidth][s]{% öåíòð
ð à ñ ò ÿ í ó ò û é}\par ð à ñ ò ÿ í ó ò û é
\framebox[1.1\width]{ß òåïåðü
ß òåïåðü â ðàìêå!
â ðàìêå!} \par
\framebox[0.8\width][r]{Îé, Îé, ÿ ñëèøêîì òîëñòûé
ÿ ñëèøêîì òîëñòûé} \par
\framebox[1cm][l]{íè÷åãî, íè÷åãî,Ìîæåòå
ÿ òîæå ýòî ïðî÷èòàòü?
ÿ òîæå}
Ìîæåòå ýòî ïðî÷èòàòü?
\raisebox{0pt}[0pt][0pt]{\Large%
\textbf{Aaaa\raisebox{-0.3ex}{a}%
\raisebox{-0.7ex}{aa}%
\raisebox{-1.2ex}{a}% Aaaaa
aa
êðè÷àë îí, íî äàæå ñòî
\raisebox{-2.2ex}{a}% ÿùèé ðÿäîì a íåaçàìåòèë, ÷òî ñ íèì ñëó÷è
\raisebox{-4.5ex}{a}}} ëîñü ÷òî-òî óæàñíîå.
a
êðè÷àë îí, íî äàæå ñòîÿùèé ðÿäîì
íå çàìåòèë, ÷òî ñ íèì ñëó÷èëîñü
÷òî-òî óæàñíîå.
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}%
\rule[-1mm]{5mm}{1cm}%
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}%
\rule[1mm]{1cm}{5mm}%
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}
\begin{tabular}{|c|}
\hline
\rule{0pt}{4ex}Pitprop \ldots\\ Pitprop . . .
\hline
\rule{0pt}{4ex}Strut\\ Strut
\hline
\end{tabular}
Êîíåö.
Ëèòåðàòóðà
ISBN 0-201-85469-4.2
[5] Êàæäàÿ óñòàíîâêà LATEX äîëæíà ñîäåðæàòü òàê íàçûâàåìûé LATEX
Local Guide, îáúÿñíÿþùèé îñîáåííîñòè ëîêàëüíîé ñèñòåìû. Îí äîë
[11] Vladimir Volovich, Werner Lemberg and LATEX3 Project Team. Cyrillic
languages support in LAT X. Âêëþ÷åí â ïîñòàâêó LATEX 2ε êàê
E
cyrguide.tex.
[12] Graham Williams. The TeX Catalogue ïîëíûé ñïèñîê ìíîæåñòâà ïà
êåòîâ, èìåþùèõ îòíîøåíèå ê TEX è LATEX Äîñòóïåí â Èíòåðíåò ïî
àäðåñó CTAN:/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/catalogue.html
\!, 53 aeguill, 76
", 21 \Alph, 33
"', 32 \alph, 33
"-, 32 amsbsy, 59
"---, 32 amsfonts, 49, 66
"<, 32 amsmath, 5154, 56, 57, 59
"=, 32 amssymb, 49, 60
">, 32 \and, 35
"`, 32 \appendix, 34, 35
$, 47 \ar, 96
', 50 \arccos, 51
\(, 47 \arcsin, 51
\), 47 \arctan, 51
\,, 48, 53 \arg, 51
-, 22 array, 54, 55
−, 22 \Asbuk, 33
\-, 20 \asbuk, 33
, 22 \author, 35, 79
, 22
. . . , 23 babel,6, 20, 25, 28, 3133, 83
\:, 53 \background, 83
\;, 53 \backmatter, 35
¾, 21 backslash, 5
¿, 21 \backslash, 4
\@, 33 \begin, 37, 86, 94
\[, 47 \bibitem, 69
\\, 19, 3840, 108 \Big, 53
\\*, 19 \big, 53
\], 47 \Bigg, 53
^, 50 \bigg, 53
_, 50 \bigskip, 108
~, 33 \binom, 51
bm, 59
Acrobat Reader, 74 \bmod, 51
\addtolength, 110 \boldmath, 59
æ, 24 \boldsymbol, 59
126 ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ
HLATEX, 30 latexsym, 12
hLATEXp, 30 layout,110
headings, 13 \ldots, 23, 53
\height, 112, 113 \left, 52
\hline, 40 \leftmark, 71
\hom, 51 \lg, 51
\href, 79, 81 LGR, 26
\hspace, 101, 107 \lim, 51
\Huge, 103 \liminf, 51
\huge, 103 \limsup, 51
hyperref, 75, 77, 78, 82 \line, 87, 93
hyphenat, 73 \linebreak, 19
\hyphenation, 20 \linespread, 105
\linethickness, 90, 91, 93
ı è áåç òî÷åê, 24 \listoffigures, 44
\idotsint, 54 \listoftables, 44
ifthen, 12
\ln, 51
\iiiint, 54 \log, 51
\iiint, 54 longtable, 42
\iint, 54
lscommand, 99
\include, 14
\includegraphics, 68, 77, 81, 111 \mainmatter, 35, 80
\includeonly, 14 \makebox, 112
\indent, 106 makeidx, 12, 70
indentfirst, 106 \makeindex, 70
\index, 70, 71 \maketitle, 35
\inf, 51 \marginsize, 83
\input, 14 marvosym, 23
inputenc, 12, 25, 28, 31
math, 47
\int, 52 \mathbb, 49
\item, 37 \mathbf, 104
itemize, 37 \mathcal, 104
\ker, 51 \mathit, 104
Knuth, Donald E., 1 \mathnormal, 104
koi8-r, 32 \mathrm, 57, 104
mathrsfs, 66
\subsectionmark, 71
ucs, 26
\substack, 52
\subsubsection, 34 \underbrace, 50
\sum, 52 underfull hbox, 20
\sup, 51 \underline, 36, 50
supertabular, 42
\unitlength, 86, 87
syntonly, 12, 15
URL, 22
\usebox, 92
T1, 26, 32 \usepackage, 11, 22, 23, 25, 26, 101
T2*, 31 utf8, 26
T2A, 26, 32
\vdots, 53
T2B, 26
\vec, 50
T2C, 26
\vector, 88
table, 42, 44, 67
\verb, 39, 40
\tableofcontents, 34
verbatim, 6, 72
tabular, 40, 54, 111
verbatim, 39, 72
\tan, 51
\verbatim@font, 72
\tanh, 51
\verbatiminput, 72
\TeX, 21
verse, 39
\texorpdfstring, 80
\vspace, 108
\textbf, 103
textcomp, 22
\widehat, 50
\texteuro, 22 \widetilde, 50
\textit, 103 \width, 112, 113
\textmd, 103 www, 22
\textnormal, 103 WYSIWYG, 2
\textrm, 57, 103
\textsc, 103 X2, 26
\textsf, 103 xpdf, 74
\textsl, 103 xy, 95
130 ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ
\frq, 29 \log, 51
\frqq, 21, 29 \mainmatter, 35, 80
\fussy, 20 \makebox, 112
\gcd, 51 \makeindex, 70
\glqq, 21 \maketitle, 35
\grqq, 21 \marginsize, 83
\height, 112, 113 \mathbb, 49
\hline, 40 \mathrm, 57
\hom, 51 \max, 51
\href, 79, 81 \mbox, 21, 24, 112
\hspace, 101, 107 \min, 51
\hyphenation, 20 \minipage, 112
\idotsint, 54 \multicolumn, 41
\iiiint, 54 \multiput, 86, 90
\iiint, 54 \newcommand, 100
\iint, 54 \newenvironment, 101
\include, 14 \newline, 19
\includegraphics, 68, 77, \newpage, 19
81, 111 \newsavebox, 92
\includeonly, 14 \newtheorem, 57, 58
\indent, 106 \noindent, 107
\index, 70, 71 \nolinebreak, 19
\inf, 51 \nonumber, 56
\input, 14 \nopagebreak, 19
\int, 52 \not, 61
\item, 37 \oval, 91, 93
\ker, 51 \overbrace, 50
\label, 35, 36, 48 \overlay, 83
\LaTeX, 21 \overleftarrow, 50
\LaTeXe, 21 \overline, 50
\ldots, 23, 53 \overrightarrow, 50
\left, 52 \pagebreak, 19
\leftmark, 71 \pageref, 35, 74
\lg, 51 \pagestyle, 13
\lim, 51 \panelwidth, 83
\liminf, 51 \paragraph, 34
\limsup, 51 \parbox, 112
\line, 87, 93 \parindent, 106
\linebreak, 19 \parskip, 106
\linespread, 105 \part, 34
\linethickness, 90, 91, 93 \pause, 83
\listoffigures, 44 \phantom, 45, 56
\listoftables, 44 \pmod, 51
\ln, 51 \Pr, 51
ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ 133
\printindex, 71 \tan, 51
\prod, 52 \tanh, 51
\protect, 45 \TeX, 21
\providecommand, 100 \texorpdfstring, 80
\ProvidesPackage, 101 \texteuro, 22
\put, 8692 \textrm, 57
\qbezier, 85, 86, 93 \textstyle, 57
\qquad, 48, 53 \thicklines, 88, 91, 93
\quad, 48, 53 \thinlines, 91, 93
\raisebox, 113 \thispagestyle, 13
\ref, 35, 48, 74 \title, 35
\renewcommand, 100 \tnss, 100
\renewenvironment, 101 \today, 21
\right, 52 \totalheight, 112
\right., 53 \totalwidth, 113
\rightmark, 71 \underbrace, 50
\rule, 101, 113, 114 \underline, 36, 50
\savebox, 92 \unitlength, 86, 87
\screensize, 83 \usebox, 92
\scriptscriptstyle, 57 \usepackage, 11, 22, 23, 25,
\scriptstyle, 57 26, 101
\sec, 51 \vdots, 53
\section, 34, 45, 71 \vec, 50
\sectionmark, 71 \vector, 88
\selectlanguage, 25 \verb, 39, 40
\setlength, 86, 106, 110 \verbatim@font, 72
\settodepth, 111 \verbatiminput, 72
\settoheight, 111 \vspace, 108
\settowidth, 111 \widehat, 50
\sin, 51 \widetilde, 50
\sinh, 51 \width, 112, 113
\sloppy, 20 \xymatrix, 96
\smallskip, 108 êîìàíäû, 5
\sqrt, 50 õðóïêèå, 45
\stackrel, 52 êîììåíòàðèè, 5
\stretch, 101, 107 êîìïîíîâêà ñòðàíèöû, 108
\subparagraph, 34 êîðåéñêèé øðèôò
\subsection, 34 UHC øðèôò, 31
\subsectionmark, 71 êîðîòêîå òèðå, 22
\substack, 52 êóðñèâ, 103
\subsubsection, 34
\sum, 52 ëèãàòóðà, 24
\sup, 51 ëèíèè
\tableofcontents, 34 ãîðèçîíòàëüíûå, 50
134 ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ
îãðàíè÷èòåëè, 52 bm, 59
îêðóæåíèå, 37 dcolumn, 41
comment, 6 epic, 85
description, 37 eufrak, 66
displaymath, 47 eurosym, 23
enumerate, 37 euscript, 66
flushleft, 38 fontent, 26
flushright, 38 geometry, 73
latexsym, 12
ðàçìåð áóìàãè, 75
layout, 110
ðàçìåð áóìàãè, 108
longtable, 42
ðàçìåð ëèñòà, 10
makeidx, 12, 70
ðàçìåð îñíîâíîãî øðèôòà, 10
marvosym, 23
ðàçðûâû ñòðîê, 19
ðàñïîðêà, 114
mathrsfs, 66
ðàñøèðåíèå, 13
mathtext, 32
.aux, 14
mltex, 76
.dvi, 13, 68
pause, 83, 84
.eps, 68
pdfscreen, 8284
.idx, 14
pstricks, 85, 89
.ilg, 14
pxfonts, 76
.ind, 14, 71
showidx, 71
.lof, 14
supertabular, 42
.log, 13
syntonly, 12, 15
.lot, 14
textcomp, 22
.sty, 73
txfonts, 76
.tex, 8
ucs, 26
.toc, 14
verbatim, 6, 72
xy, 95 Ñëîâî, 71
ïàêåò CJK, 30
ïàêåò makeidx, 70 ñèìâîëû
ïàðàìåòð, 5 çàðåçåðâèðîâàííûå, 4
ïåðåêðåñòíûå ññûëêè, 35 ñèñòåìû óðàâíåíèé, 55
ïëàâàþùèå îáúåêòû, 42 ñêîáêè, 52
ïîëå, 108 ñïåöèàëüíûå ñèìâîëû, 24
ñïåöèôèêàöèÿ ðàçìåùåíèÿ, 43
ïîëóæèðíûå ñèìâîëû, 49, 59
ñòèëè ñòðàíèöû, 13
ïîëóæèðíûé, 103
ñòèëü ñòðàíèöû
ïðàâèëà ïåðåíîñà, 25
empty, 13
ïðåàìáóëà, 6
headings, 13
ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü, 70
plain, 13
ïðåèìóùåñòâà LATEX, 2
ñòðåëêè, 50
ïðîáåë, 4
ñòðóêòóðà ôàéëà, 6
â íà÷àëå ñòðîêè, 4
âåðòèêàëüíûé, 108 òàáëèöû, 43
ãîðèçîíòàëüíûé, 107 òèëüäà, 22, 50
ïîñëå êîìàíäû, 5 òèëüäà (~), 33
ïðîãðàììà makeindex, 70 òèïû ôàéëîâ, 13
ïðîèçâîäíàÿ, 50 òèðå, 22
ïðÿìîé øðèôò, 103 äëèííîå, 22
ïóñòûå ñèìâîëû, 4 êîðîòêîå, 22
136 ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ
Óêðàèíñêèé, 31
Ôðàíöóçñêèé, 27
öâåòíîé òåêñò, 9
øðèôò, 102
\footnotesize, 103
\Huge, 103
\huge, 103
\LARGE, 103
\Large, 103
\large, 103
\mathbf, 104
\mathcal, 104
\mathit, 104
\mathnormal, 104
\mathrm, 104
\mathsf, 104
\mathtt, 104
\normalsize, 103
\scriptsize, 103
\small, 103
\textbf, 103
\textit, 103
\textmd, 103
\textnormal, 103
\textrm, 103
\textsc, 103
\textsf, 103
\textsl, 103
ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ 137