Solutions to Tutorial 8 (Formwork) Construction Technology & Methods

Date : 13th September 2018

A8). Assume that the spacing between the joists is “L” meters.
Considering a unit width of the plywood the maximum moment assuming the worst case of a
simply supported condition

Moment = WL2/8 = 10 x L2/8 kNm

The section modulus of a meter strip of the plywood spanning between two joists
Z= bd2/6 = 1000 x 202/6 mm3

The maximum flexural stress in the plywood should be less or equal to the allowable flexural
stress
σ = M/Z = {(10 x L2/8) x 106}/ (1000 x 202/6) ≤ 8 Therefore the spacing of the joists
L ≤ 653 mm

The joists are supported on stringers. Let the spacing of the stringers be “L1” meters so that the
span of the joists will be “L1” meters

The load transmitted from the plywood to the joists =10 x 0.653 kN/m

The maximum moment on the joists assuming the worst case of a simply supported condition

Moment = WL12/8 = 10 x 0.653 L2/8 kNm

The section modulus of a joist Z= bd2/6 = 50 x 1002/6 mm3

The maximum flexural stress in the joists should be less or equal to the allowable flexural stress

σ = M/Z = {(10 x 0.653 L2/8) x 106}/ (50 x 1002/6) ≤ 10

Therefore the spacing of the stringers

L1 ≤ 10*50*100^2*8/10*0.653*10^6*6
L1 ≤ 1010 mm

Therefore suitable spacing for the joists will be 600 mm and for the stringers it will be at 1 meter
centers.
A9). Assume that the spacing between the joists is “L” meters.

Considering a unit width of the plywood the maximum shear force assuming the worst case of a
simply supported condition

Maximum Shear Force = 10 x L/2 kN

Maximum shear stress = VQ/Ib

The maximum shear stress = 3Vmax/2bd = (3 x 10 x103 x L/2)/(2 x 1000 x 20) ≤ 0.8
L ≤ 0.8 x 2 x2x 1000 x20/3x 10 x 103
L ≤ 2.13 m

Using a this spacing the UDL on a joist = 2.13 x 10 = 21.3 kN/m

If the spacing of Stringers are at L1

The maximum shear force on a joist = 10.66 L1 kN

The maximum shear stress = 3 Vmax/2bd = 3 x 10.66 x 103 x L1/ (2 x 50 x 100) ≤ 2

L1≤ 2 x 2x 50 x100/3 x 10.667 x 103
L1 ≤ 0.624

Joists should be placed at 2.0 meter spacing and stringers at 0.62 m centers

A10). Assume that the spacing between the joists is “L” meters.

Consider a unit width of the plywood with a span “L” such that the deflection is limited to L/360.
5WL4/384 EI ≤ L/360

Therefore for a simply supported case L ≤ (384EI/5 x360 W)1/3

For the plywood I = 1/12 x 1000 x 203 =666,666 N/mm2

L ≤ (384 x 12000 x 666,666/ 5 x 360 x10)1/3 ≤ 554 mm

UDL on the joist 10 x 0.554 = 5.54 kN/m

For the spacing of stringers to maintain deflection limits

L1 ≤ (384EI/5 x360 W)1/3

For the joists I =1/12 x 50 x 1003 = 4166666 mm4

L1 ≤ (384 x 12,000 x 4166666 / 5 x360 x 5.54)1/3 ≤1247 mm

Joists should be placed at 0.55 meter spacing and stringers at 1.2 m centers
A11).

Span of Joists Span of Stringers

Flexure 653 1010
Shear 2130 624
Deflection 550 1200

Using a span of 550 for the joists check the span of stringers in flexure and in shear

A12).
Assume the thickness of the plywood facing required is “t” mm

The span of the plywood facing L = 400 mm

The load on the plywood facing = 10 kPa

The maximum moment considering a one meter width of plywood facing

= WL2/8 = 10 x 103 x 0.42/8 = 200 Nm

Z= bd2/6 = 1000 x t2/6 mm3

As σall=10 MPa for the plywood facing

σ = M/Z = {(200 x 103}/ (1000 x t2/6) ≤ 10

t2 ≤ 120 and therefore t ≤ 10.95 say t=12 mm (nearest standard thickness)

The load on a joist = 10 x 0.4 = 4 kN/m

Assume that the spacing between the stringers is “L” meters.

Therefore the span of the joists is “L” meters

The maximum moment on a joist = WL2/8 = 4 x 103 x L2/8 kNm = 500 x L2 kNm
As the joists are 50 x 100 mm, Z= bd2/6 = 50 x 1002/6 mm3

As σall=12 MPa for the joists

σ = M/Z =(500 x 103 x L2 )/ (50 x 1002/6) ≤ 12

L2 ≤ 2 and therefore L ≤ 1.41 m