User Manual WoodBeam ENG

User Manual
APF WoodBeam
vers. 4
User Manuale - APF WoodBeam
Index
USER INTERFACE...................................................................................................................................................3
RIBBON MENU.........................................................................................................................................................5
Data............................................................................................................................................................................5
Computations.....................................................................................................................................................6
Tools............................................................................................................................................................................7
Information...........................................................................................................................................................9
TOOL PANNEL........................................................................................................................................................10
Structure...............................................................................................................................................................10
Constraints...........................................................................................................................................................12
Loads.......................................................................................................................................................................14
DIALOG WINDOWS............................................................................................................................................16
Materials................................................................................................................................................................16
Project Rules......................................................................................................................................................18
Deflection Limits.............................................................................................................................................19
Partial Factors for actions.........................................................................................................................19
Partial Factors for materials....................................................................................................................21
Factors for duration load..........................................................................................................................22
Verification information in the event of fire...............................................................................23
Load groups and design situation....................................................................................................25
Computation settings................................................................................................................................27
Unit of mesaurement.................................................................................................................................30
Styles for the calculation report...........................................................................................................31
Settings and global resources common to all applications............................................31
2
USER INTERFACE
The following window will appear when starting up/powering the software.
Main windows of WoodBeam
It is divided into interactive working areas
The central area is dedicated to the design of the structure, its loads and diagrams to verify the
stress. On the top side of this area is your tool panel which allows you to:
• SELECT ALL SECTIONS in which all calculations and loads will be shown for the entire
structure
• SELECT ONLY ONE ROW in which all calculations and loads will be shown for the relative
section of structure, thus allowing you to check the calculations and regulations applied
to the independent areas of the structure.
By right clicking row you can export desired images of the structure.
The tool panel allows you to enter and modify data for the project. Modifications are instantly
represented on the design and if the calculation settings are activated the sums will be
automatically updated and represented in the drawing and in the report.
3
The results panel contains a Summary and the Report thus allowing you to check that all the
project requirements have been met. The values shown in this section represent the Rd/Ed
report, in other words the project resistance/project action. They represent all partial coefficients
made to the resistances and must therefore have a uniform value. You can then immediately
see if the value is excessive (>1.0) or lacking (<1.0).
The ribbon menu allows you to open and save your project and you will be able to access the
windows relative to the structural data (coefficients, materialss).
The status bar contains summary information about the opened file like verification status, the
overall working time etc... by left clicking on the desired section.
4
RIBBON MENU
Data
Allows you to enter and modify data for the project.
Ribbon menu with Data functions of WoodBeam
Gives you access to the list of materials
Manages standard technical rules that have to be applied. The user must
check the National Standard or National Eurocodes Annexes.
Set deformation limits of the beam.
Set the values for partial safety factors for actions.
Set the coefficient values for safety factors for actions, useful for generating
project situations and load combinations.
Sets the coefficient values for the duration of loads.
Manages the settings for fire design, exposure times, fire protective
cladding.
5
Creates new design situations and combinations of loads from scratch, or

modify existing load cases (change name, type, description).
Computations
Contains commands that enable you to perform the analysis and view the results of
WoodBeam.
Ribbon menu with Computations functions of WoodBeam
Executes the solver portion of the software. If the lock is pressed, the
program performs the calculation every time you make a change to the
model.
Allows you to change the sum/calculation settings.
Checks the model for errors, and shows warnings before the execution.
Activate the characteristics of stress diagram: axial force, shear forxe and
bending moment.
Activate diagrams to verify for axial force.
Activate diagrams to verify for shear force.
Activate diagrams to verify for bending moment.
6
Activates diagrams to verify the instability.
Activate diagrams to verify the inflexion.
Activate diagrams to verify notches and support.
Enables you to choose which result diagrams to show on the screen.
Enables you to save the image currently shown on the screen. Lets you
type in the filename and choose the directory the picture should be saved
in.
Enables you to save the drawing currently shown on the screen. Lets you
type in the filename and choose the directory the drawing should be
saved in.
Enables you to save the report currently shown on the screen. Lets you
type in the filename and choose the directory the file should be saved in.
Tools
Provides access to a set of tools to utilize and personalize the software.
Ribbon menu with Tools functions of WoodBeam
Interrupts the current command or command procedure.
7
Enables you to use the mouse to specify a zooming

region, the portion you select will be enlarged.
Zooms to display the entire drawing.
Enables you to move your model on the plane of the

screen, in any direction.
Enables you to set the options for the deflection diagram.

The analysis must be performed before selecting this
command. You can set the scale factor (used as a
multiplier in the drawing), update the drawing, and save
it.
Enables you to set the options for the results report. The
analysis must be performed before selecting this
command. You can set the font size, font family, update
the report, and save it.
Allows you to set the format, precision and unit of

measurement to be used in displaying coordinates and
other physical quantities.
Enables you to set the options for the results report.
Imports or exports the current local settings (units,

docstyles, design parameters) to or from the global
database shared between applications.
Allows you to change the language of the user interface.
Enables you to change or reset the look of the user

interface.
Changes the graphics of the user interface.
8
Information
Contains commands that enable you to obtain help for the program and show the copyright
and registration information about your software.
Ribbon menu with Information functions of WoodBeam
To continue to use your product, you need to activate your software. Opens
an Activation Wizard that gives you instructions on how to proceed. Shows
the licensing information, and the copyright information.
Opens the user guide in a web browser or pdf document.
Copyright information, product information and version number of the

program is displayed.
9
TOOL PANNEL
Structure
Contains commands that enable you to modify the geometry and mechanical properties of the
structure.
Structure menu and the sub categories
10
Enables you to change the coordinates of extreme points of the beam. In this section you can
choose the material of the beam, and the size of the rectangular cross section. Choose material
from the choice menu based on the desired property. In case of thermal verifications it is
possible to enable such verifications to the structure. It is possible to define the rotational angle
based on longitudinal axis.
NB: any changes will consequently modify side parametres exposed to heat.
Allows you to enable or disable the far left notch, and to change its characteristics. Verifications
conform to legislation EN1995-1-1 6.5.
Allows you to enable or disable the far right notch, and to change its characteristics. Verifications
conform to legislation EN1995-1-1 6.5.
11
Allows you to add, remove, and change the characteristics of intermediate notches, located
along the beam. Verifications conform to legislation EN1995-1-1 6.5.
Constraints
These commands enable you to modify the location and kind of constraints. Relative
verifications conform to legislation EN1995-1-1 6.5.
Constraints menu and sub categories
12
Allows you to enable or disable the far left constraint, and to change its characteristics. In this
section we can activate a default constraint type, or assign the desired stiffness to each degree
of freedom.
Allows you to enable or disable the far right constraint, and to change its characteristics. In this
section we can activate a default constraint type, or assign the desired stiffness to each degree
of freedom.
Allows you to add, remove, and change the characteristics of intermediate constraints, located
along the beam. In this section we can activate a default constraint type, or assign the desired
stiffness to each degree of freedom.
13
Loads
These commands enable you to apply different types of external loading to the beam. Each load
must relate to a group of actions that define its type and its duration.
Loads menu and sub-categories
Enables you to add, delete or modify the self-weight loads of elements included in the model as
applied loads. The volume and density of each element is used to automatically calculate its self-
weight. You may choose the Load Group that will include the entered load.
14
Enables you to add, delete or modify concentrated forces or moments along the beam. The
offset define the loading positions over of the beam. You may choose the Load Group that will
include the entered load.
Enables you to add, delete or modify distribuited loads along the beam. The loads are varying
linearly along the beam length. The offset define the loading positions over of the beam. You
can set the direction of the load. The projection define if the beam is to be projected on the
beam along the given axis. You may choose the Load Group that will include the entered load.
Enables you to add, delete or modify distribuited area loads along the beam. The loads are
varying linearly along the beam length and are calculated throught the definitition of the
interspace W0 and W1 of two elements. The offset define the loading positions over of the
beam. You can set the direction of the load. The projection define if the beam is to be projected
on the beam along the given axis. You may choose the Load Group that will include the entered
load.
15
DIALOG WINDOWS
Materials
This section is dedicated to the properties of the structural material.
The Class Service box indicates the service class of the structure. This value consequently affects
the verifications.
16
In the Wood tab you can define the kind of wood desired as structural material for the
construction. Each material is identified by an increasing index and by name. The chosen
materials can be used to create the beam. The list to choose from must contain at least a
material element otherwise the calculations and verifications will not be able to be carried out.
Mechanical properties (fm,k,fm,k, E0,mean, ...) can be defined manually or by selecting the
lightbulb icon and copying values defined by technical legislations that have preset resistances.
The Carbonization Speed tab defines the wooden materialss property under fire/heat
conditions/stress. These properties are used to create the beam. The list to choose from must
contain at least a “group property” element otherwise the calculations and verifications will not
be able to be carried out. The lightbulb icon allows you to copy values defined by technical
legislations that have preset resistances otherwise values can be defined manually.
The program uses the reduced cross section method for both unprotected and protected
surfaces. Surfaces can be protected by fire protective claddings whose properties are defined by
the user. Carbonization velocity is measured in βn, including angular and crack lenghth (k0, d0)
and resistance time, measured in minutes (exposure time) [EN 1995-1-2 3.4.2 e 4.2.2].
17
Project Rules
This section is dedicated to the definition of national parametres which automatically apply
eurocodes to the structure according to member state legislations.
The parameter value km [EN1995-1-1 6.1.6 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.3.2), which has an effect of flexion,
compression and traction, stability verifications, can be modified.
The parameter value kcr [EN1995-1-1 6.1.7] serves as a value for wood shear.
Note that this parameter must take into account the characteristics of timber hardwood and
glulam [EN 338], [EN 14080].
18
Deflection Limits
This window allow to define the maximum limits for the beam deflection. The values refers to
[EN1995-1-1 7.2], and considers a single span beam or a cantilever beam. Values reported are the
ratio between inflection and beam lenght.
Partial Factors for actions

The panel refers to the list of partial coefficients for security verifications. Values are listed in a
table divided into combination factors and partial coefficients for security actions. The values are
set to recommended structural Eurocode; they are to be set to any Technical National Annex
codes relevant to the country of the future structure. The program will only take into account
the new values from the time that they are changed. Any prior modifications will not be altered.
Combination Coefficients take into account minor probabilities Ψ of resisting a combination of

loads and actions [EN1990 chart A1.1].
19
The Partial Safety Coefficients take into account the riskiness/vulnerability γ of the intensity of
loads [EN1990 Tabella A1.2].
20
Partial Factors for materials

This panel lists partial security factors which will be taken into account during verifications. The
chart [EN1995-1-1 chart 2.3] refers to partial coeffcient values regarding security in standard
procedures as well as in the event of fire. The values are set to recommended structural
Eurocode; they are to be set to any Technical National Annex codes relevant to the country of
the future structure. The program will only take into account the new values from the time that
they are changed. Any prior verifications will not be altered.
Partial security factors take account of some safety coffection affecting the material.
21
In the event of Fire the partial security coefficients become a specific value γM,fi=1 [EN1995-1-2
2.3]), whilst the correctional coefficient is uniform (kmod,fi=1 [EN1995-1-24.2.2 (5)]), thus
introducing parameter kfi [EN1995-1-2 2.3 (3)] to define fractile/fractionasation 20% of the
resistance characteristics in standard thermal conditions.
Factors for duration load

This panel lists values relative to resistance and deformability that will be used in verifications
[EN1995-1-1 Chart 3.1 and Chart 3.2]. The values are set to recommended structural Eurocode;
they are to be set to any Technical National Annex codes relevant to the country of the future
structure.
The program will only take into account the new values from the time that they are changed.
Any prior verifications will not be altered.
kmod coefficients correct resistance values for wood so that humidity and time duration of load
are taken into account [EN1995-1-1 2.3.2.1]. These coefficients “penalise” resistances of long
durations and elevated humidity situations.
22
kdef coefficients evaluate the deformability of wood under humid or viscous conditions
[EN1995-1-1 2.3.2.2].
Verifcation information in the event of fre.

This panel takes into account conditions in the event of fire.
This list classifies the time of exposure in the event of a standard fire. Certain combinations have
to be set and the program will only take into account new values from the time that they are
changed. Any prior verifications will not be altered.
When listing the times in minutes, 30,60,90,120, you can automatically generate design
situation. The program will then propose combinations specific to each fire situation, at 30, 60,
90 and 120 minutes.
23
The list of fire exposure defines the various configurations in the event of the elementss
exposure to fire. For each element you can configure its exposure, such as absence of cladding,
side exposure, insulation material, and assign these configurations to the various areas and
points of the structure. The list must contain at least one element. The lightbulb icon allows you
to copy legislation values otherwise they can be set manually.
The following fire exposure conditions must be defined:
left side
exposure distance from the furthest point of the left side of the beam
right side
exposure distance from the furthest point of the right side of the beam
exposed sides
select sides exposed to fire: upper, lower, left, right
protective cladding
by deactivating this function the structure will not be protected and is otherwise exposed
to fire when activated, the properties of the cladding must be defined: tch (carbonazation
delay), tf (duration of the sealant), k2 (carbonisation relationship between tch and tf), k3
(carbonisation relationship between tf and times defined by technical legislation) [EN1995-
1-2 3.4.3].
24
Load groups and design situation

This panel is dedicated to the type of agents and combinations that can have effect on the
structure. For each combination there is a correspondent design situation meaning that the
structure must meet certain standards when analysed in certain conditions
The section dedicated to the Load Group contains the types of actions and conditions that the
structure can be subject to. Actions can be grouped into load categories such as concentration
and distribution. They must share a common denominator (self-weight, weight of snow, wind
exerced), have a common cause and contemporarily act upon the structure. The load groups are
therefore a way to unite common loads so that they can be analysed under various
circumstances.
The groups can be defined by:
Name
id and description
Class
indication of duration, permanent, variable, exeptional, eccs [EN1990 4.1.1 4.1.2]
Category
identification of origin and nature [EN1990 chart A1.1]
25
Class duration
category of duration - specific to wooden structures [EN1995-1-1 2.3.1.2 chart 2.1]
Coeffcient
numerical value that optionally multiplies the load intensities of a designated group; this
function is optional and is generally set to 1.0
Personalisation of Ψ
this function is generally de-activated as the combination of coefficients is generally
automatically set by the program according to load categories or technical legislations
[EN1990 Tabella A1.1]; when the function is activated it means that the user has set the
chart cells.
Ψ0
coefficient set by user; only used by the programme when Personalisation of Ψ is activated
Ψ1
Ψ2
Select Arrange Design Situation to enable the programme to automatically generate the
design situation and its relative combinations of loads. Each situation is linked to a
combination of actions and a series of conditions for the verification of the structures values.
The situations are created according to the type of actions and its permutations. The
information for each situation is shown in the chart below and can be modified by the user. The
times of fire exposure (minutes) are expressed as a reminder and cannot be modified; they can
be defined in the panel dedicated to the fire resistance options.
The section dedicated to the Design Situation defines the conditions that the structure can be
subjected to and are to be guaranteed by the planner, such as in circumstances of vertical load
where the structuress resistance is under pressure (ULS). The planner is also held responsible for
the fire resistance calculations (ULS), exposure time of 30 minutes, in which the stress load must
assume maximum value and avoid collapsing. An important situation to consider is the
structuress use (SLS), in which the loads are considered as probabilities and must perform to a
certain degree of deformability.
Each Project Situation is defined by:
Name
identification and description
Class
class of the situation, permanent, transitory, exceptional or seismic [EN1990 3.1 e 3.2]
Partial factor (loads)
group of partial factor to use for certain load and for a combination of actions relative to
26
the circumstance [EN1990 A1.3.1 and EN1997-1 A.3 A.4 A.5]

Limit state
The guaranteed limit of the circumstance [EN1990 6.4]
Physical condition
the actual condition of the structure
Class of duration
category specific to wooden structures [EN1995-1-1 2.3.1.2 chart 2.1]; when the programme
automatically generates the situation (Prepare project situation button), the class of
duration will be according to the main variable load or the shortest duration of action
[EN1995-1-1 3.1.3].
Fire Exposure Time
the time of exposure to fire for a certain situation, expressed in minutes; this function is
only useful if the Physical Conditions are defined as Fire otherwise, each fire verification
section will correspond to a specific time.
Computation settings
This panel contains the options used by the software for calculations and verifications
The Beam Analysis section has the following options:
Finite Element Type

choose between Eulero-Bernoulli beam and Timoshenko beam. The Bernoulli hypothesis
states that the sections are to be plane and orthogonal to the axis and is generally
prefered in by the civil engineering field. The influence of the sliding of various sections,
due to the shear, in an inflexion calculation does not need to be taken into account.
However, in the context of wood, its higher E/G level compared to that of concrete or steel,
means that its shear deformation reaches 10-20% of its flexion. This an important factor to
take into account, therefore the Timoshenko approach is preferable and using the Euler-
Bernoulli model for evaluations, confrontations and validations.
27
Same Creep Behaviour

When activated, this function assumes that the structure is made up elements which
share the same viscoelasticity.
● the elements are modelled by the appropriate mean value of elasticity [EN1995-1-1
2.3.2.2]
● the uist instant deformation is calculated by the appropriate mean value of
elasticity combined with the action characteristics [EN1995-1-1 2.2.3(2)]
● the final ufin deformation is calculated by overlapping viscoelastic ucreep
deformation (evaluated through permanent action combinations) and instant uinst
deformation [EN1995-1-1 2.2.3(3)]; by assuming that there is correlation between
actions and deformations we can assume ufin = ufin,G+ufin,Q1+Σufin,Qi [EN1995-1-1
2.2.3(5)]
● the elements are modelled according to the final mean value related to the
appropriate elasticity module [EN1995-1-1 2.3.2.2]
● instant uinst deformation refers to the mean value of the appropriate module of
elasticity combined with the characteristic of actions [EN1995-1-1 2.2.3(2)]
● the final ufin deformation is calculated by overlapping viscoelastic ucreep
deformation (evaluated through semi-permanent action combinations) and instant
uinst deformation [EN1995-1-1 2.2.3(3)]; long term deformation as a semi-permanent
combination is evaluated using the mean value of the appropriate module of
elasticity [EN1995-1-1 2.2.3(4)] and ufin is obtained by overlapping this value with the
instant deformation value and the semi permanent combination of characteristics.
Combining actions
When this function is activated, the results are obtained by combining elementary actions,
the loads applied to structure. Its properties are applied according to the project situation.
For each project situation:
• an automatic model with finite elements is generated
• elastic properties are used according to the conditions of the situation (kdef)
• amplified/heavier loads can be applied depending on the situation (coefficient γ)
• stress loads and deformations for a given situation can be memorized.
In the other case stress and deformations will be defined for each group of actions which
are then combined to fit each project action. The procedure is the following:
• a finite model is automatically generated
• you apply the normal elastic properties
• for each group action, hypothetically single, you must memorize stress and
deformation of structure
• for each project situation, you memorize stress and deformation by combining
each group of actions
In the first case you combine actions (loads), in the second case you combine the effects of
the actions (characteristics of the stress). In case of superposition principle (linear system)
both will have the same result.
The threshold Value contains:
Tolerance
used to round up numerical values
Threshold values
used to round up the value to nought, in case the effect of a dimension is negligible
28
Upper limits
used to define the maximum numerical value of any size
The verification section has a series of options for each verification that the program executes.
Some of these verifications can be omitted, for example when certain details are not inherent to
downsizing the dimensions of the calculation report or when these calculations have been
followed up in another situation.
The Rd design resistance and the Ed design action ratio can also be modified, thus obtaining
the result of a verification.
All verifications are carried out by partial coefficient method, thus verifying the security by
formal equation Rd/Ed≥1.0
The program can verify distinct permanent conditions (standard use), exceptional (fire) or
seismic and that the ratio between these values is greater than the unity.
29
Unit of mesaurement
In this panel you can set the units of measurement that you desire to use in the software .
They are divided into categories such as Actions, Material, Structure, etcs If a variable does not
FIT into a specific category, the General sheet values will be used. The settings can be changed
at any moment and these will immediately affect the user interface and any calculations made
from then on. For each value you can change:
● its units of measurement
● rounding off for printed numerical values
● Amount of decimals for printed numerical values, for units of measurement or you can
omit the decimals all together
● Decide how many decimals to take into account
30
Styles for the calculation report
In this panel you can choose the styles to use in the calculation report of the software.
All elements and their categories can be personalized such as titles, paragraphs, tables, lists,
images. The interface is intuitive so does not require particular explanations.
Settings and global resources common to all applications

This panel is used as a base for importation and exportation of current local settings (unit of
measurement, document styles, project parametres) from the global database common to all
applications. The following settings can be modified:
● table containing units of measurements
● document styles
● Eurocode parametres (codes defined by the local legislations)
This data is saved and shared with all the programmes so that if a software is already running or
the files are already saved they will not be affected by modifications.
31
The Import button copies the global database settings into the running program and only for a
worksheet that is currently open (unit of measurement, document styles, project parametres).
Once you have set parametres you can Export global database settings to any running program
so that they all share common units of measurements, styles and Eurocodes.
32
Reset brings all values back to their original (recommended and default) setting.
Modified settings will be saved on running programs and any changes or resets will only be
taken into consideration if done before opening a software, and only after OK confirmation.
To import values from one software to another the Import function can be used.
33

User Manual WoodBeam ENG

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Main windows of WoodBeam

It is divided into interactive working areas

Ribbon menu with Data functions of WoodBeam

Gives you access to the list of materials

Set deformation limits of the beam.

Set the values for partial safety factors for actions.

Sets the coefficient values for the duration of loads.

Creates new design situations and combinations of loads from scratch, or

Ribbon menu with Computations functions of WoodBeam

Allows you to change the sum/calculation settings.

Activate diagrams to verify for axial force.

Activate diagrams to verify for shear force.

Activate diagrams to verify for bending moment.

Activates diagrams to verify the instability.

Activate diagrams to verify the inflexion.

Activate diagrams to verify notches and support.

Enables you to choose which result diagrams to show on the screen.

Ribbon menu with Tools functions of WoodBeam

Interrupts the current command or command procedure.

Enables you to use the mouse to specify a zooming

Zooms to display the entire drawing.

Enables you to move your model on the plane of the

Enables you to set the options for the deflection diagram.

Allows you to set the format, precision and unit of

Enables you to set the options for the results report.

Imports or exports the current local settings (units,

Allows you to change the language of the user interface.

Enables you to change or reset the look of the user

Changes the graphics of the user interface.

Ribbon menu with Information functions of WoodBeam

Opens the user guide in a web browser or pdf document.

Copyright information, product information and version number of the

Structure menu and the sub categories

Constraints menu and sub categories

Loads menu and sub-categories

Partial Factors for actions

Combination Coefficients take into account minor probabilities Ψ of resisting a combination of

Partial Factors for materials

Factors for duration load

Verifcation information in the event of fre.

The following fire exposure conditions must be defined:

Load groups and design situation

The groups can be defined by:

Each Project Situation is defined by:

the circumstance [EN1990 A1.3.1 and EN1997-1 A.3 A.4 A.5]

The Beam Analysis section has the following options:

Finite Element Type

Same Creep Behaviour

The threshold Value contains:

● its units of measurement

● rounding off for printed numerical values

● Decide how many decimals to take into account

Styles for the calculation report

Settings and global resources common to all applications

● table containing units of measurements

● Eurocode parametres (codes defined by the local legislations)

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