Drug Name Drug Action Indication and Adverse Reaction Pharmacokineti Pharmacodynami Nu

Dosage cs cs
Isoniazid (also Isoniazid is Oral
· CNS:
Absorption: Isoniazid is a ·
peripheral neuropathy,
called active against PRIMAR seizures, toxic Rapid and prodrug and
isonicotinyl M Y encephalopathy, memory complete; rate must be
hydrazine or tuberculosis, TREATM impairment, toxic can be slowed activated by
INH) is a first- M bovis and ENT OF psychosis. with food bacterial
EENT: optic neuritis and
line some strains PULMON atrophy. Distribution: catalase.[1] It is
antituberculous of M kansasii. ARY GI: nausea, vomiting, All body activated by
medication One of its AND epigastric distress. tissues and catalase-
used in the main EXTRAP Hematologic:
fluids peroxidase
prevention and mechanisms ULMON agranulocytosis, enzyme KatG
hemolytic anemia, including
treatment of appears to be ARY TB CSF; crosses to form
aplastic anemia,
tuberculosis. mycolic acid Adult: eosinophilia, placenta; isonicotinic
Isoniazid is synthesis Daily thrombocytopenia, enters breast acyl anion or
never used on inhibition regimen: sideroblastic anemia.
milk radical. These ·0
its own to treat resulting in 300 mg Hepatic: hepatitis, forms will then
active loss of acid- daily. jaundice, bilirubinemia. Protein react with a
Metabolic: binding: 10%
tuberculosis fastness and Intermitte hyperglycemia, metabolic NADH radical
because bacterial cell nt acidosis, hypocalcemia,
to 15% or anion to form
resistance wall multiple- hypophosphatemia. Metabolism: isonicotinic
quickly disruption. drug Skin: irritation at I.M. Hepatic with acyl-NADH
injection site. ·1
develops. regimen: decay rate complex. This
Other: rheumatic and
10 mg/kg determined complex will
lupuslike syndromes,
3 genetically by bind tightly to
hypersensitivity
times/wk acetylation ketoenoylreduct
reactions, pyridoxine
or 15 phenotype ase known as
deficiency, gynecomastia
mg/kg InhA and
Half-life
twice/wk. prevents access
elimination:
Child: of the natural
Fast
Daily enoyl-AcpM
acetylators:
regimen: substrate. This
30-100
5 mg/kg mechanism
minutes; Slow
daily. inhibits the
acetylators: 2-
Max dose: synthesis of
5 hours; may
300 mg mycolic acid in
be prolonged
daily. the
with hepatic or
Intermitte mycobacterial
severe renal
nt cell wall.
impairment
multiple- Isoniazid
drug Time to peak, ·2
reaches
regimen: serum: 1-2
therapeutic
20-30 hours
concentrations
mg/kg Excretion: in serum,
(max 900 Urine (75% to cerebrospinal
mg) 95%); feces; fluid (CSF), and
twice/wk. saliva within caseous
PROPHY granulomas.
·3
LAXIS Isoniazid is
OF TB metabolized in
Adult: the liver via
300 mg acetylation.
daily for There are two
at least 6 forms of the
mth. enzyme
·4
Alternativ responsible for
ely, give acetylation, so
with that some
rifampicin patients
for 3 mth. metabolize the
Child: 5- drug quicker
10 mg/kg than others.
daily. Hence, the half-
Max dose: life is bimodal
300 mg with peaks at 1
daily. hour and 3
Intramus hours in the US ·5
cular population. The
PRIMAR metabolites are
Y excreted in the
TREATM urine. Doses do
ENT OF not usually
PULMON have to be
ARY adjusted in case
AND of renal failure.
EXTRAP
ULMON ·6
ARY TB
Adult:
Daily
regimen:
300 mg
daily.
Intermitte
nt
multiple-
drug
regimen:
10 mg/kg
3
times/wk
or 15
 mg/kg
twice/wk.
Child:
Daily
regimen:
5 mg/kg
daily.
Max dose:
300 mg
daily.
Intermitte
nt
multiple-
drug
regimen:
20-30
mg/kg
(max 900
mg)
twice/wk.
PROPHY
LAXIS
OF TB
Adult:
300 mg
daily in a
single
dose.
Child: 5-
10 mg/kg
daily in a
single
dose. Max
dose: 300
mg daily.

Category C: Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus
(teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or
studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the
potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.
Precaution
Renal or hepatic impairment; convulsive disorders; history of psychosis; patients at risk
of neuropathy or pyridoxine deficiency eg, diabetic, alcoholic, malnourished, uraemic,
infected with HIV. Careful monitoring of hepatic function is necessary for black and
hispanic women. Check hepatic function before and during treatment. Pregnancy and
lactation.