Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
DECLARTION
This is certifying (approving) that, BERHANU HADUSH EIT/UR0922/03, a student of
Mekelle University has completed the internship report titled ʿʿ Building constriction ʼʼ structure
successfully under my supervision. To the best of my knowledge and as per his declaration the
report is an author tic work on the issue and has not been submitted to anywhere. I wish his every
success in his life.
Signature;-
Signature;-
Supervisor’s name;-MENGSTU
Signature;-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Executive summary
This document is final report for internship program in the Zamra plc. Construction
Company the report involves four chapters’ references, appendices, and table of content
describing the exact location of topics.
The first chapter tells us about the company’s history, main service of the company, costumers
and the organizational work flow of the company in clouded in this chapter.
The second chapter is all about me and the company starting from how I get in to the company
to what I have been doing in the company, working procedures are also involved in the chapter.
The third chapter is contacted about my achievements during the program, knowledge and skills
obtained are also in this chapter.
The last chapter is the conclusion part and recommendation for the hosting company. So I am
inviting you to share my experience that I gained during the four months period of practice.
I have performed my internship in Zamra construction p.l.c. in structural building part. The
owner of this project is Mekelle University and its site is in Mekelle University known as sport
field at Mekelle University campus. This is Stadium building and its purpose is for sport
activities (M.U.B.P-87),). Duration of my internship with this project is for four months, from
01/07/2005E.C to 30/12/2005E.C.
I can grouped my internship activities in to two broad groups these are
→ Site work
→ Office work
Some of from these site activities are ; how to mix concrete, erect crusty, how to adjust
formworks of( beam, columns) , take of sheet reinforcement arrangement & etc. And from
these of office works are: bar schedule project management & etc.
Table of content
Contents
DECLARTION ................................................................................................................................ I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ II
Executive summary....................................................................................................................... III
Table of content ............................................................................................................................ IV
List of tables ................................................................................................................................... V
List of figure .................................................................................................................................. V
Objective of internship program ..................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2
1.1, History .................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2, Overview of the company: ................................................................................................... 3
1.3, Main customers .................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 6
2. OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE INCLUDING ........................................................ 6
2.2, In which activity of the company I work ............................................................................. 6
2.3, Work flow in our site: .......................................................................................................... 6
2.4, Work task that I have been involve .................................................................................... 10
2.4.1, Office work: ................................................................................................................. 10
2.4.2, site work/ processes on site Construction .................................................................... 12
2.4.4, Scaffolding; ................................................................................................................. 21
2.4.5, Steel reinforcement ...................................................................................................... 21
2.4.6, Concrete work.............................................................................................................. 24
2.6, Control of material ............................................................................................................. 37
2.7, Challenges that I have faced............................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 39
3, OVER ALL BENEFI GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP .................................................. 39
3.1 In terms Improving Practical skill ....................................................................................... 39
3.2 In terms of upgrading Theoretical knowledge .................................................................... 40
3.3 In terms Improving Interpersonal communication skills .................................................... 42
List of tables
Table 1- Tack off sheet format for reinforcement ........................................................................ 12
Table 2—minimum cover ............................................................................................................. 23
Table 3Batching ............................................................................................................................ 28
Table 4- concrete mix ................................................................................................................... 30
Table 5- Stripping of form works ................................................................................................. 35
List of figure
Figure 1;- excavator ...................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 2;- compacter ..................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 3;-spacer ............................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 4;- beam formwork ............................................................................................................ 20
Figure 5;- column formwork ......................................................................................................... 21
Figure 6;--steel .............................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 7;-Lean concrete ................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 8;-Coarse aggregat ............................................................................................................. 28
Figure 9- bathing box 29
Figure 10;-drum mixer .................................................................................................................. 31
Figure 11;- placing & compaction of concrete ............................................................................. 33
To like students with industries so that they practice and acquired technical and operational
knowledge in various section of the industry.
INTRODUCTION
This month Internship program is concerned to integrate theoretical and practical skill, as
well as organizational work process both in the site and office.
This will help us to develop our work ethics skill, communication skill and management
capacity and improve our professional knowledge. This has been a great experience for my
practical knowledge, and I have been participating both in site and office works.
In this month: I explore practical experiences on how structures are designed and how
structural elements are built on construction site. How designing could progress and how all the
sequences of the activities that were use to execute an item work follow their own steps and
procedures. Therefore, I have well acquainted with all those steps and procedures to do the
specific activity and activities in order to improve my practical skills
CHAPTER ONE
Zamra construction was established in 1992 Ec. as an organization with limited capacity, by
the owner and one additional worker. Zamra started to grow based on the principle of quality.
Zamra construction is first rank contractor at this time, and this company is great competent in
the country.
The organization started to gain reach experience in the area of construction and enhanced its
human and material resources which enable it to increase its level from time to time.
With that knowledge the organization has greater than 250 permanent staffs and above 2000
contractual workers. In addition to the large number of daily laborers working in different
projects of the construction, Consequently, Zamra is playing significant role in the economy of
the nation in line with it role at curtailing the social economic problem of unemployment
phenomena of our country.
Vision;-
Zamra has a vision to contract different big projects such as road, bridges and other
projects in addition to buildings.
Zamra want to become competent in the construction and other similar sectors
undertaking to have better contribution in the area.
Mission;-
By using strong man power and material capacity and organization to win construction
projects at international standards.
Contribute a major role in the hospitality industry of the nation.
Goals;-
Keeping its level of growth step by step to undertake different construction activities
construct building of various standards for government, public and privet sector through
competition
It wants to participate in different activities such as in electricity, water, etc.
It wants to participate in bridge construction.
1.3, Main customers:
Zamra has well established office in the Tigrai national regional states capital - Mekelle
besides it has established similar office in the national capital -Addis Ababa therefore Zamra is
under taking its construction business at National level.
general
manager
Site Construction
administration Engineering
Gange Leader
CHAPTER TWO
2. OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE INCLUDING
2.1, How I get the company:
Before staring of Internship University industry linkage gives a chance to find the hosting
company ourselves. Therefore I was starting to find the hosting company. From some of
company that I was applying my paper First I entered my internship paper in Zamra construction
p.l.c in Mekelle in summer season. The company receipts my internship paper, but didn’t give
me acceptance paper at that time. Later on as duration of my internship arrive, I ask to the
company and they give me positive response.
Since Zamra have been doing in construction sector at this time, it constructs different buildings
throughout the nation .From these it has done projects in Mekelle university campus, MUBP-87;
my internship also has done in that campus on that site. Most of my work time spent in site work,
but I work also different office works. Consultant of this site is NOMI consultant and designers
group.
Client
Consultant
Contractor
By initiating these groups work flow in our site seems like this:
Project manager
Site Engineer
Site Adminstration
The work flow in the section as shown in the above chart has the following activities:
Store keeper
Controls, manages and registers all materials which are going out in to the store
Balances the materials consumed with the unconsumed one and so on.
Time keeper
Office work
Site works
Some of the activities that we work in office works are
Quantity survey
Bar schedule ………..etc.
By quantity surveying
The total construction cost of the project is approximately estimated
The completion time of the project is fixed
Bigger works are broken in to a smaller units so that the evaluation and control is simple
The total amount of construction required by the project is calculated
The method of construction is fore casted.
The type of equipments, tools and machineries are known ahead
d2
wt = ∑ L ×
162
Where: d =diameter of bars in mm
Project:-
Block:-
Structure:-
It. Loca Typ Shap (mm Len No. No To Total length (m)
N tion e e ) gth of . of tal
(m) bars me no. Φ6 Φ8 Φ10 Φ12 Φ14 Φ16 Φ20 Φ24
per mb of
me er bar
mbe s
r
Total length(m)
Weight(kg/m)
Total weight(kg)
0.222∗r2
Unit weight of bar= , kg/m
9
When I had been work on ZAMRA Construction plc I had seen the following works.
2.4.2.1Setting out
is the process of laying down the excavation lines and center lines etc. on the ground, before
excavation is started. The setting out is done correctly with proper measuring tape and accurate
leveling instrument.
The procedure I was followed to mark points in the given areas are;
Establish reference points.
Fix wooden pegs and batten boards around the site to be excavated.
Make the center line of the walls.
Mark the plinth lines
By stretching strings, check right angles by forming triangles with sides 3,4 and 5 units
long or by measuring the diagonals.
If all dimensions are correct and all corners are right angel, the cutting lines are marked
on the ground using lime powder.
Site clearance
Shall consist of the removal of all trees, brush, other vegetation, rubbish, fences and all
other objectionable material including the disposal of all material resulting from the
clearing and grubbing.
Excavation
Excavations are suitable trimmed and leveled before any concrete or masonry work is
placed.
Decide the place to pile out the suitable excavated material and check it is 2 meters
outside the building perimeter.
Decide the place for the cart away which is not necessary for backfilling or terracing.
All excavations are carried out to the lines levels, width and depths shown on the
drawing.
In location where the soil is subjected to softening during excavation, a bottom layer of
soil removed immediately before the placing of concrete in accordance with the standard
technical specification.
The excavation or foundation is executed 25 cm wider on each side than the thickness of
the foundation wall as given in the standard technical specification.
The trench and pits to be free from grass, bushes, pieces of wood free of water by
pumping or other means.
The faces of excavation are retained with sheeting, the Bering strutting and shoring to
protect workmen and prevent damage where necessary.
2.4.2.3 Backfill
All internal and external backfilling is done with approved material, if possible with
material excavated on the site.
All ground trenches and places where back filling shall be executed are clean from grass,
bushes and pieces of wood.
All organic materials, such as pieces of wood roots, bushes and black cotton soil are
removed from all backfill material.
All back filling to be in layers and compacted to 95% of maximum dry density in
accordance with standard technical specification.
Each layer to be well rammed and consolidated with the addition of water as necessary
to achieve the required compaction.
The maximum layer of fill for one time compaction does not exceed 20 cm, thickness
accordance with standard technical specification.
2.4.2.4 Compaction
Compaction is the reduction in the void ratio on a soil by mechanical means (rolling or
tamping) at constant moisture. Compaction improves characteristics of soils;
In slab it’s used to provide sufficient spacing b/n top and bottom reinforcement
Figure 3;-spacer
2.4.3.6, Formwork
Formwork;-shall mean temporary support construction forecast-in-place concrete, designed and
constructed in timber, timber product or metal and capable of withstanding the live and dead loads
imposed on it and fully preventing leakage of concrete. When the concrete is attained its desired
strength the form work is no longer needed, then it removed. The operation of removing of formwork
is called striping. Formworks may be rectangular, circular shape of different size.
1, Material for forms; - Concrete forms usually are made of wood. They also can be made of
steel, or a combination of wood and steel. So, timber, timber product, steel panels, shores, wedges,
nails, labor and tools shall be provided as required for the satisfactory construction of formwork.
Wooden forms are built by carpenters working at the construction site. The carpenters may make
every part of the form at the site, or they may assemble forms that have been partly fabricated
(made) at a manufacturing Plant.
2,Preparing the materials;- The first step in building forms is to prepare the materials, the
lengths of the pieces of dimension log (Eucalyptus) that will be needed must be measured and
cut. Common tools for measuring are carpenter’s squares and flexible metal measuring tapes.
When the pieces required for the forms have been cut to size, they then are assembled and
fastened together. Usually the log (Eucalyptus) in the forms is fastened together with nails and
tying wire.
3,Formwork construction;- Forms shall be constructed to the exact shapes and dimensions
shown and as required to obtain accurate alignment, location grade, level and plumb work in
finished structures.
4, Formwork requirements:
The formwork should be strong enough to carry safely the dead weight of the wet concrete
placed on it, together with the live loading from the men and machines used in placing the
concrete in position and the impact loading caused by the concrete being discharged into
the formwork.
It should be practically water proof so that it does not absorb water from concrete. Also, its
shrinkage and swelling should be minimum.
There should be sufficient rigidity in the formwork to maintain the correct lines and levels
without undue bulging or sagging.
The joints between sections of formwork should be sufficiently tight as to prevent the loss
of water or grout from the contained concrete.
The joints between forms should be smooth so that no unwanted surface irregularities are
apparent on the finished unit.
The forms should be designed to be strong and rigid enough not only in use but also for
handling and stripping purposes as well, since durable formwork is also economic.
A; Form work for footing: - this is consisting of vertical or horizontal board called sheeting,
wedges and yokes. The cleats used at the base of the box so as to withstand the pressure which is
exerted by the weight of the concrete. The two side yokes can be connected together by wooden
planks.
2.4.3.6.1, Types of formwork;-The construction procedure for footing form work is;
After compaction are done make a lien concrete 5 cm
thicknesses.
Side form work are placed
Support the sheet by wooden planks
B; Beam formwork:
The formwork must be strain enough to carry the load until the concrete is strong enough to
carry itself and burdened sufficiently.
C, Column formworks:
This consists of a vertical board called sheeting, cleats, wedges and yokes which has to retain the
wet concrete and resist the initial hydrostatic pressure caused by wet concrete.
2.4.4, Scaffolding;-
works either is a temporary structure erected against construction existing or being built, its
purpose is to provide a working platform for building work which cannot be reached from the
ground and also a means of enabling materials to be brought up to the work area.
These are constructing to support the from work, in addition it serves as a ladder for the workers
to walk up and down and to transport the necessary construction in puts, also enables for the
workers to stand on it at the time of plastering and painting it is necessary to consider width. It
must be enough to pass walk up and down with material at the time.
available with nominal diameter ranging 6mm – 35mm. most bars except 6mm diameter are
deformed one. Reinforcement steel has capable of resisting both tension and compression. As
compared with concrete, it is a high strength material. For instance, the strength of ordinary
reinforcing steel is about 10 and 100 time, the compressive and tensile strength of common
structural concrete. The tensile bearing strength of plain concrete is much lower than its strength
in compression. It is, therefore, important to strengthen it by reinforcing bars so that it can be
suitably used for structures where tensile stresses are formed. Mild steel or high tension steel is
embedded as reinforcement in the concrete to make that good deficiency of the plain concrete.
Figure 6;--steel
It is very important that reinforcement is made up and placed strictly in accordance with the
drawing, and that it is so maintained during the placing of concrete. Overlap location is 30 to
40D (diameter of the bar).
Reinforcement bar stored under cover, until required for use, kept clear of mud, dirt and
preferably stacked by sizes on racks.
Use only bars that are free from mud, dirt, oil, grease, paint, loose rust, mill scale and pitting due
to corrosion. Slightly oxidized bars are not harmful; in fact they improve adhesion of concrete.
Test result of reinforcement bar for tensile, yield and belong should be taken and tying stirrups
with the main bar should be according the drawing and specification.
When the bar bender receives the plan the bar schedule showing nothing but lengths, sizes and
bending needed for all the reinforcing bars in the construction for a given footing pad, foundation
column, beam, column or slab. The bar bender then cut and bend the steel rod as the
requirement.
Reinforcing steel is placed in position in the concrete form by workers (bar benders). As the
main beam and column bars have been produced before, it should place in position carefully.
Concrete cover is the distance between the outer most surface of reinforcement (usually stirrups)
and the nearest concrete surface. The thickness of cover required depends both up on the
exposure conditions and on the concrete quality.
Minimum cover:
dry environment and mild condition 15mm, example; slabs. Humid environment with moderate
exposure is 25mm, example; beams. Sever environment is 50mm, example; footing.
If large size aggregates are used, a cube mold with side 200mm may be used to determined
compressive strength of concrete. This strength of concrete is converted to 150mm cube
compressive strength by factored of 1.05
in both tension and compression. In RC the steel provides the tensile strength and concrete
provides the compressive strength. The tensile stresses developed in the section are transferred to
reinforcing steel by bond between the interfaces of the two materials. Reinforcing steel and
concrete may work readily due to the following reasons:
Bond between the bars and surrounding concrete prevents slip of the bars relative to the
concrete.
Proper concrete mixes provide adequate impermeability of concrete against bar
corrosion.
Sufficiently similar rates of thermal expansion for the two material s introduce negligible
stresses between steel and concrete under temperature changes.
Concrete prepared from the following ingredients;
I. cements
II. Aggregate
III. Water
IV. Admixture
. Cement
It is the setting agent of concrete and the bulk of cement used in the site is Portland cement.
Whichever type of cement is being used it must properly stored on site to keep it in good
condition. The cement shall be stored in a dry and well ventilated store with a wooden floor
which is raised minimum 20cm above the ground level
Aggregate
Those materials are mixed with cement to form concrete. Generally, an aggregate consists of
65-75% of the volume of concrete. They are used in may be natural aggregates, such as sand and
gravels taken directly from riverbank or gravel deposits or they may be by products of industrial
process. The aggregates should be well graded in order to minimize cement paste and improving
workability.
Coarse aggregate
Water
It is used in concrete mixes has two functions; to react chemically with the cement which will
finally set and hardened, and to lubricate all other materials and make the concrete workable.
Too much water will cause the aggregate to segregate, resulting in concrete that is uneven in
strength. The excess water will float the fine, light particles of cement of the top of freshly
placed concrete. This process is called bleeding.
Generally, water should be cleaned and free from impurities which are likely to affect the
quality or strength of the resultant concrete
--
Figure 8;-Coarse aggregate
The main ingredient materials of concrete are measured by weights and volumes for mixing.
The mix ratio for C-25, S-300 is 1:2:3 (cement, sand &aggregate)
homogeneity of the concrete. Segregation should not take place during process of mixing. Here
before mixing for casting, trail mix should be done to know the quality of concrete.
The mixing methods may be hand mixing or machine mixing. On large woks, machine mixing
proves economical and convenient. Concrete produced by machine mixing is more
homogeneous. The mixer shall contain excess cement to coat the inside of the drum. The volume
of concrete in any batch shall not exceed the rated capacity of the mixer.
The size of the box for the d/t concrete grades is; 16 cm
NOTE
-Water 60L
-Water 31 L
-Water 29 L
The speed at which this dispersal takes place will depend upon a number of factors amongst
which are;-
Various types and size of mixer are available, and some of them;-
1. Central mixing concrete: This concrete mixed completely in a stationery mixer and
transported to the project in truck- agitator or manually.
2. Transient mixing concrete: In which concrete is mixed in a central batch plant and
transported to job site in transient mixer-truck. The trucks are also ready mixed concrete trucks.
Truck mixer is generally rotate from 70 to 100 times.
Placing: -wet concrete is set in to the position in which it to harden with the aid of crane skips,
conveyor and the primary objective is to avoid the need for extensive subsequent movement
from the point of deposit to its final position.
Strength & durability are affected by the density of the concrete. Denser concrete is water tight
(less permeable).concrete durability is increased with strength.
Strength of concrete in the hardened state is usually measured by the compressive strength using
a compression test machine.
In our site the compression strength of concrete is determined by using the following formula.
B) Shrinkage: Occurs when exposed to air (dry), water tends to evaporate from the concrete
surface. It causes:
The striking time of form work for the different components of a structure at MUBP-87 is shown
below. Struck of form work after expiry is:
The process of keeping the fresh concrete under moist condition and favorable temperatures to
this helps to continuo the hydration until concrete gain its strength. This may be done
using pounding (for flat surface e.g., slabs & pavements), sand dikes, and sack etc.
Concrete with different compressive strength may obtain by varying the ingredients. Some of
these concrete type commonly used in our country are;-
In our site we have been used concrete C-25 and steel Reinforcement S-300.
Supervision is a branch of construction engineering the examiners inspects and controls the
overall performance the quality and progress of construction works as per specifications under a
contract. Since aim and objective supervision work is mainly quality control it plays a very
important role towards successful construction of civil works.
In general, the supervision and inspection of work consists of furnishing of engineering work for
the construction supervision of a project complete in all aspects including all field office works.
The contractor shall furnish all materials required to complete the work. The material
furnished and used shall be new and unused, except as may be otherwise specifically provided
in the special provision. The material shall be manufactured, handled and used in a Workman
like manner to ensure completed work in accordance with the contract document.
All material proposed to be used may inspected or tested at any time during their preparation
and use. After trial if it is found that sources of supply which have been do not furnish a
uniform product or if the product from any source proves unacceptable. At any time, the
contractor shall furnish material from other approved sources. No material, which after
approval has anyway become unfit for uses, shall be used in the work.
The approval of material represented by any sample or sampled shall not be considered as an
approval of all materials from the same sources and it shall be understood that all materials
delivered on the work are subject to test at any time and will be rejected if they do not meet the
requirements of the specifications.
No materials shall be used by the contractor or any sub-contractor until it has been
inspected, or tested and approved by the Engineer. The contractor shall furnish samples
without charge, and shall provide means and assistance in the verification of all scales,
measures, and other devices. Unless otherwise noted, tests will be made acceptance with
the latest published standard methods of AASHTO or ASTM.
All pit and quarry sources shall be approved by the Engineer before any material to be
incorporated in the work is removed there from. Inspection and testing of materials and
finished Articles to be incorporated in the work may be made at the place of production,
manufacture, or shipmen, whenever the quality justifies it. This inspection may be done
by the Engineer or by his representative.
All materials not conforming to the requirements of the specifications shall be considered
as defective and whether in place or not, it shall be rejected and removed.
CHAPTER THREE
3, OVER ALL BENEFI GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP
When I was entered to the construction site ,I have only theoretical knowledge like type of
soil, foundation, form work, design of beam, the relationship between compression stress&
tensile stress, how to read site plan etc. .This internship program gives significant knowledge be
for going to work in the real world. It improves the communication skill, and it increases the
confidence of the student, since this practical work is not new. During my stay in the company I
have got some practical knowledge on how office &site works are done in the practical world. I
largely participate in this area of work during my stay and the site works was for four month. So
most of the practical knowledge obtained is from the site & office works. And I am presenting it
as follows.
Goals /Objectives:
1. To identify the major benefit that can be gained from an internship program,
3. To show to the interns what interface is there when they conduct in such area after graduation,
4. To relate the interns with the common obstacles who those must straggle
During the four month I stay in the company, I had a chance to associate myself with some
professionals and doing so, I was able to ask practical question and demand explanation on the
topic. During my routine site visits, I had a chance to spend time with the construction workers
to gain more knowledge about site related activities and was able to easily inquire about situation
that seemed vague to the time. I have also developed a confidence to do the given work
practically without any problem and I also observe practical skill is simpler than theoretical.
When it comes to upgrading the theoretical knowledge that I posses on the field of civil
engineering the program did help by providing brand new ideas that are practically quit helpful
when it comes to solving practical problems. There were brand new ideas that I never got the
chance to know about when attending regular classes. The internship experience didn’t totally
bring brand new ideas to the table instead it helped in improving the already available ways and
ideas of problem solving skills to a great level. It is obvious that in order to improve ones
theoretical based knowledge.
During my stay I have also known the duties and responsibility and the points to be controlled
by office engineer, site engineer and supervisor during building construction. And this helps me
to know what is expected from me to do while I involve in the different section of the company.
Site engineer perform a technical, organizational and supervisory role on the project. Also
involves as part of the site management team liaising with and Working a long side engineers,
construction managers, supervisors, planners and surveyors. They share responsibility for site
security, health and safety, and the organization and supervision of material and human
resources.
Ensuring that all materials used and work formed as per specifications
Managing, monitoring and interpreting the contract design documents supplied by the
client.
Liaising with any consultants, supervisors, planners, quantity surveyors and the general
work force involved in the project.
Day- to- day management of the site, including supervising and monitoring the site labor
force
Planning the work and efficiently organizing the plant and site facilities in order to meet
agreed deadlines.
Overseeing quality control, health and safety matters on site
Preparing reports as required
Resolving any unexpected technical difficulties and other problems that may arise.
Interpersonal skills are the skills that a person uses to interact with other people.
Interpersonal skills are sometimes also referee to as people skills or communication skills.
Interpersonal skills involve using skills such as activity listening and tone of voice, they include
delegation and leadership. It is how well you communicate with someone and how well you
behave or carry yourself. In addition, they help people further their careers.
I can also communicate on different interpersonal levels depending on whom they are
engaging in communication with. For example, if an individual is communicating with a family
member, that communication will more than likely differ from the type of communication used
when engaged in a communicative act with a friend or significant other.
My Overall, interpersonal communication can be conducted using both direct and indirect
mediums of communication such as face-to-face interaction, as well as computer-mediated-
communication. Successful interpersonal communication assumes that both the message senders
and the message receivers will interpret and understand the messages being send on a level of
understood meanings and implications.
This is one of the many skills I was able to acquire during the internship program. So I was
able to easily engage myself in a discussion with a professional manner and was able to gain
something out of it. I tried to communicate easily with the company workers and site engineers
for the four months of the internship program. I tried my best to create a channel of
communication with my good colleagues so that I would come out benefited from the
experience. I was learned how to communicate peoples smoothly without any conflict at the
work place because this helps to the company to increase their productive and profit. It also helps
me to control my feeling that emerge in difficult situations and respond appropriately; instead of
overwhelmed by emotion. I would like to say thanks to my supervisor for helping and advice me
to be good communicator with people at work place.
While working for the company, it is obvious that I work and collaborate with other
professionals. But in order to ease the working relationship with other employees I had to play
the team card throughout the program. In the beginning, I had difficulties ongoing myself within
the team but through time and with the constant supervision from the supervisor, I was able to
easily interact and communicate with the entire stuff. Making a team work with them allows me
to make friends and enjoy a better social experience when studying and working. Because
everyone also has their own individual talents, it will allow us to do something far better than we
could before. Skills necessary to improve our teamwork include:
Of course it is not always that such situations arise but since the work is done by profession
who after all are human beings, it is expected to see some altercations. And as a leader one needs
to learn how to handle and resolve such case without too many negative consequences.
Controlling the overall activities taking place on a construction site by itself is a big leadership
quality that needs to be encouraged. Thanks to my supervisor and employer, I was able to
observe and witness a great leadership quality and able to take some pointers on how to develop
my own leadership quality.
In my internship stay time, I try to follow through the company’s work ethics. When I talk
about work ethics: With roots in the same religious belief system, the “ethics of the workplace”
are usually thinks of today as a set of moral standards for each trade, profession, or job
classification.
There are also many general ethical principles, applicable to any occupational Area.
Honesty, loyalty, confidentiality, accuracy, and open-mindedness are qualities that most
employers hope their workers will possess. You could probably think of many others as well.
Every worker, including me, practices workplace ethics. Some workers practice them more
conscientiously than they practice others. Unfortunately, some workers are unethical in their
performance of duties. At times, they break laws and are prosecutes, but more often they simply
fail to live up to accepted standards of doing the job well.
And also I gained a good work ethics for better positions, more responsibility and ultimately
promotion (placed in position of a greater responsibility). These all teaches a lot for the future
work life of my life. Characteristics that I gained generally includes being;
Strong work ethics-laming the most efficient way to complete tasks and finding ways to
save time while completing daily assignment.
Dependable and responsible-come on time, responsible for the actions.
Adaptability-adapting to the personality and work habits of co- workers and supervisors
being open to change and improvements to complete work in more efficient.
Possessing a positive attitude- to get the job done in a reasonable period of time motives
others to do the same with in colleges.
Honesty and integrity-is the responsibility of each person to use their own individual
sense of moral and ethical behavior when working within the scope of their job
Highly confident
Risk Taker
Motivated reasoning
Thirsting for the right answer
Thinking logically
Being practical
Management skills; - the ability to manage time and people (both yourself and others)
successfully
Communication skills and the ability to sell ideas and persuade others
The ability to work both as part of a team and independently
Able to plan, coordinate and organize effectively
Financial literacy
Able to research effectively, for example available markets, suppliers, customers and the
competition
Self motivated and disciplined
Adaptable
Innovative thinking and creative
The ability to multi-task
Able to take responsibility and make decisions
The ability to work under pressure
Perseverance
Competitiveness
Willingness to take risks
Ability to network and make contacts
CHAPTER FOUR
Generally all the construction process in the site is done based on the design details and
specifications until I have followed in the company mainly concerns on the quality of
construction that is why the client purposed to construct himself.
The schedules identify all the required to be completed on a project, determine how long each
will take and place them in logical order and are the key for the project economy and safety
because all things can go by the require way. Before construction in the site is begun the
engineers or the experts should survey all the quantity for the project and then prepare the bill of
quantity unless it is impossible to start construction process.
The monthly report is the report of physical and financial works that has been done on that
month and volume of work executed during the month report total expanse during the month. For
the reinforcement concrete quality the main works that should be done are checking the form
work correctness, checking the correct arrangement of bars based on the design details, good
mixing the concrete based on the mix design proportions carefully, casting the concrete
immediately and compacting then after it should be cured for the required time of day.
The form work should be removed carefully when the stripping time is reached. So as to re-use
the form works should be removed carefully and place they arranged. Because it may be very
costly using other materials for the form work of the coming works.
The material which are used to preparing the concrete should be with good property to form
good concrete i.e. the mix- ratio of the concrete, so as to fulfill the engineering property of the
concrete.
I conclude that this internship program is very god and it helps to develop practical skill and inter
personal communication skill. Hence practical skill is preferable than theoretical skill. Students
are able to work after graduation without problem. I accumulate also a lot of knowledge from
this program that helps me in work time.
4.2 Recommendation:-
My training experience at ZAMRA construction has been so satisfying that there is
very title to complain about I feel very lucky to have been offered a place here.
I am perfectly happy with style of supervision of ato mengstu, site manager Engineer and other
members of staffs too have been very friendly and fact the company have high professional
exports and states this makes it an ideal host for students except some defects explained below
facilities are in great condition and the work environment is very organized professional and
conductive to.
The quality of material is the major to fulfill the design strength. So, the material needed by the
construction should store well so that we can have better quality but in the site this was the basic
problem that should be recommended (especially for the reinforcement)
Steel reinforcement is not stored on the wood bed prepared so that moisture and soil content is
avoided
I am also pleased with the internship unit (university industry linkage) they have actively
responded to all questions and requests. The only set back way has been the unavailability of
clear and transport finance and grading system.
The department (MU) should think over the courses that we take before the intern period. But
they also a setback way on giving information on working with software’s (AUTOCAD,
SAP2000, ETABS Eagle point & others).
5, References
Reinforced Concrete I &II Handout
EBCS- I&II ………………1995
Construction of Materials Handout
Building construction Handout
Observation of daily site & office activities activity
Glossary
Plumbing bob……………………………-leveling instrument used to
check a member is vertical
Cratury…………………………….a form work used to fix column in
position
Fondo (soffit)…………………….. a form work under a beam
Sponda……………………………….side form work used in casting
concrete for beams and slabs
Damitow ………………………….. compaction machine
M.U.B.P. -78……………MU building project No78
Ferro………………………………reinforcement
Staffa………………………..……stirrup
Fond(soffit)…………………….…bottom formwork for beam
Sponda…………………………....side formwork of beam
Egiwihalik…………………….…measurement of formwork level
Gomawihalik……………….…....measurement of leveling
Tumbi ………………………..…plump pop
Asqadra ……………………….….to measure right angle