135MW TURBINE GOVERNOR SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

Table of Content

1. Turbine Control System Summary

1.1 Introduction

1.2 DEH Controller

1.3 Operation Interface

1.4 Steam Valve Servo-Actuators

1.5 EH Fluid Supply Portion

1.6 Emergency Trip System

2. DEH Controller

2.1 Distributed Processing Unit

2.2 I/O Modules

2.3 Communication

2.4 DEH Function

2.5 Main Operating Menu Introduction

3. Operator Interface

3.1 Keyboard, Mouse and LCD

3.2 Printer

3.3 Actuator Control System

3.4 Governor Valve and Interceptor Valve Actuator Assemblies

3.5 HP Stop Valve and Reheat Stop Valve Actuator Assemblies

 3.6 EH Fluid Supply Portion

Fluid Supply Apparatus

Fire Resistant Fluid and Polishing Filter Assembly

HP and LP Accumulators

6. Emergency Trip System

AST Solenoid Valves

OPC Solenoid Valves

Emergency Trip Control Block

Check Valves

Interface Diaphragm Valve

Emergency governor

Emergency governor pilot valve

Emergency governor test pilot valve

Oil spraying test device

Over-speed indicator

Emergency trip device

1. Turbine Control System Summary

1.1 Introduction
The turbine control system adopts Digital Electro-Hydraulic (DEH) control system. The DEH
control system can suffice high reliable requirement for turbine generator unit's control. The
DEH control system consists of five major components that are listed below:
 The DEH controller of data collection and data processing
 The workstation for the operator interface (includes LCD, operate panel and printer);
 Steam valve servo-actuators (include stop valve actuator, governor valve actuator, reheat
stop valve actuator, interceptor valve actuator)
 EH Fluid supply system;
 Emergency trip system;
The following information is offered as a general description and introduction to the DEH
system apparatus.

1.2 DEH Controller

When we use max DNA system to accomplish the DEH control system, the hardware department
consists: control cabinet, work station, switch etc. The control cabinet consists of redundant
48VDC accessing power, system power, 24VDC system power, DPU, I/O card, and some relays,
terminal rows.

1.3 The workstation for operator Interface

The operator's interface is usually located in the control room that is the unit's control center. The
interface consists of a keyboard, LCD and printer. Through operate the keyboard operator can
entrance the designed graphic pages that offer the different areas of turbine operation interface.
For example, to change the status of feedback loops, to select speed or load target. Setting target
at the keyboard are used to position the steam valves by comparing the turbine speed, and
megawatts signals. The printer, which is usually located in the control room, operator can watch
alarm and turbine message.

1.4 Steam Valve Servo-actuators

The position of each steam valve is controlled by itself servo-actuator. The actuator is composed
a hydraulic cylinder. It's opening by EH fluid pressure and closing by spring force. The hydraulic
cylinder connects with a control block which is installed shutoff valves, unload valves and check
valves, in addition to different accessional subassembly, two fundamental type actuators are
consisted.
Generally, the actuator for the stop valve and reheat stop valve belongs to open-close type, which
controls the steam valve at wide opened or full closed position. The high-pressure fluid entrances
the bottom chamber of hydraulic cylinder, the pressure of the chamber can be controlled by
rapidly unload valve with the pilot valve. When the turbine control system is reset, the pilot
valve control the unload valve to close. The pressure of the chamber will build up gradually to
open the stop valves and reheat stop valves.
The actuator for the governor valve can control the steam valve at any intermediate position to
control the steam flow in proportional to meet the requirement. The actuator is equipped with
E/H servo valve and linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). The high pressure fluid
supply to E/H servo valve through a 104 filter. The E/H servo valve accept servo amplifier's
valve signal and control the actuator position. The LVDT export a simulative signal that is
directly proportional to position and feedback to controller, and form a closed loop. Isolating
valve can maintain the part of executive (include hydraulic cylinder) on-line. The check valve
can prevent the high-pressure fluid flow to return by the drain fluid and emergency trip system.

1.5 EH Fluid Supply Portion

The function of the high-pressure fluid system is provides high-pressure fluid to drive the servo-
actuators, thereby, control the positions of the turbine steam valves. The fluid control medium is
a phosphate ester fluid possessing qualities for fire resistance and chemical stability.
The system is consists of a stainless steel reservoir installed on the seat, pumps, controls, filters
and heat changers etc. These assemblies composed two reduplicate suits, one suit work and the
other suit act as standby.
High-pressure fluid provided by pump through the EH control block, filter, unload valve and
check valve enter high-pressure tube and accumulators. Supply header pressure is maintained at
a constant 2000 PSIG by duple variable displacement pressure compensated pumps in
conjunction with high-pressure accumulators located near the steam valve actuators. The variable
displacement pump compensated maintains constant header pressure for normal steady state and
transient flow demands. The high-pressure accumulators provide transient fluid flow demands
that cannot be supplied by the pump.
A relief valve, set at 2350 PSIG, prevents system over-pressurization.

1.6 Emergency Trip System (ETS)

The interface diaphragm valve is mounted on the side of governor pedestal. It provides an
interface between the lube oil system and the EH fluid system. The lube oil from over-speed trip
and the manual trip header supply to a chamber above the diaphragm. This pressure acts against
the diaphragm to overcome the compression of the spring and hold the valve in the closed
position thus blocking a path to drain the EH fluid header. A functioning of the over-speed trip or
the manual over-speed trip header, or both, will cause a loss or decay of lube oil pressure and
allow the compression spring to open the valve and release the AST (Auto Stop Trip) fluid to
drain. It will cause trip. The lube oil and EH fluid are isolate each other.
In the other hand, the emergency trip system consists of 4 auto stop trip solenoid valves. It is
arranged into a series-parallel configuration to provide redundant protection. At least one
solenoid valve from each channel must to open to cause a trip.
Through using the pressure switch and the sensor, it will cause the turbine trip. These signal
include: low bearing oil pressure, low EH fluid pressure, low condenser vacuum, turbine over-
speed and an external trip signal etc.
The over-speed protect solenoid valve is controlled by the OPC portion of the DEH controller.
When the turbine speed reaches 103% rated speed, OPC solenoid valve is acted. The governor
valve and interceptor valve will close immediately.

2 DEH Controllers
Field signals send to card through DEH control cabinet terminal strips, signals that are processed
send to control processor to accumulate, the result send to output card, various control function
will be completed.

2.1 DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING UNIT

The DPU is the hardware processing engine of the max DNA distributed control system. It runs
under the Windows, in net real-time multitasking operation system. The DPU, acting as a server,
collects information, stores it, and ultimately transfers the information. The collected data is
comprised of alarm, event, trend, historical and general point information.
As a station on maxNET, the maxDPU scans and processes information through other equipment
of the maxDNA system. Every DPU executes:
3 Comprehensive alarming and calculations;
3 Logging of Sequence of Event (SOE) data at lms resolution;
3 Acquisition of trend information;
3 Continuous scanning of Model I/O modules;
3 Execution of predefined algorithms, called Function Blocks, for process control and data
acquisition;
The DPU is comprised of a single printed circuit board that contains a Pentium class Control
Processor and a dedicated micro-controller for scanning I/O. The front panel of the DPU contains
of state lamp, mode switch, redundant interface, net interface, takeover button and reset button.

A redundant pair of 24VDC power supplies works power supply for the DPU.

2.2 I/O Modules

The I/O modules are rugged enclosed printed circuit board assemblies. The edge connection at
the rear of each module provides the interface to the backplane and the I/O bus. System power
and field power, when applicable, is also available through this connection.
 Digital Input Module
 16 channels input per module
 Digital Output Module
 16 channels output per module
Analog Input Module
 TC/MV Analog Input Module

16 channels input per module.

Every channel is insulated with other channels’ grounding, logic circuit.
Every channel can be configured into TC or MV signal. Cold junction compensation automatic
 RTD Module
8 channels input per module
Every channel is_ insulated with other channels, grounding, logic circuit.
Every input can be configured individually.
 Analog Output Module
8 channels current adjustment type
4 to 20 mA output

2.3 Communication
Max DNA connects with other equipment by a maxLinks running in Windows XP operation
system. Its hardware and software are universal, and the interface between the man and the
machine is friendly. Usually it is allocated in the engineer station. The maxLinks supplies
standard serial port RS-232 or RS-422 , RS-485, and translates the data of the peripheral
equipment into the signals that can be received a by system through some standard industry
communication protocol, e. g. Modbus protocol, Modbus Plus protocol etc. In this way, the
system can communicate with the peripheral equipment.

2.4 DEH Function

DEH control system controls turbine to start, rolling procedure, synchronize and load through
LCD in operation. It has two control modes, which is automatic control and manually control.
The two control modes can switch each other and the switch are no interference each other.
The DEH control device has the following function:
 Speed Control
The logic of turbine speed control will perform the entire loop control from the turning gear to
synchronize or over-speed trip test. It is of a wide speed control function(0-3500RPM/MIN,
control precision is ± 1RPM/MIN)
 Over-speed Protection Function

DEH have over-speed protection control function, when the turbine speed reaches 103% rated
speed, over-speed protection controller (OPC) will close all of the governor valves rapidly to
protect turbine, avoiding turbine over-speed. After a few seconds, the governor valve will
automatically open. When the turbine speed is above the tripped speed (110% of rated speed),
DEH control system will send trip signal, and close all valves rapidly.
 Over speed Trip Test
Over-speed trip test can be performed in DEH control mode,
Over-speed trip test have two test modes mainly, is mechanical
over-speed trip test and electric over-speed test.
  Synchronization
When the turbine speed reaches 3000rpm, DEH controller access auto synchronize mode, the
turbine that accept increase/decrease signal from synchronizing device control the turbine speed,
and perform synchronizing.
 Load Control
After the turbine speed is at rated speed, and synchronizing, DEH controller will control load
according to pre-given target load and acceleration rate.
 Function of Initial Load
It is of protecting generator and preventing over-load function. The load-limited value can be set
or change according to the operator ' s requirement. When the load reach the limited value, the
function of load limited will decrease load setting-point automatically. The function of load
limited must be going into by operator in advance.
 Once Transfer Frequency
DEH will accept frequency difference signal and control turbine loading, in order to engage once
transfer frequency.
 Remote Control Mode
In remote control mode, DEH will accept remote signals from CCS, and control turbine load, to
achieve coordination control between the boiler and the turbine.
 Function of Valve Test
A function of the turbine valve test is to be performed and can
be made while the unit is carrying load. The purpose of this test is to ensure proper, safety
operation, to supervise valve flexible.
When the turbine is run, the turbine steam valve can test for certain period.
 Function of Throttle Pressure Limited
A function of the throttle pressure limited is to be performed. Operator sets the throttle pressure
limited value. When the throttle pressure is less than the throttle pressure's setting-point, the
governor valve will close to maintain the throttle pressure.
 Manual/Automatic Control Mode
DEH possess two control modes: manual control mode and operator automatic control mode, the
turbine mainly control mode is automatic control mode, manual control mode is standby, manual
and automatic modes follow each other. When automatic control mode is fault, for example: two
channels take place fault, DEH will switch to manual control mode from automatic control
mode, and the switch is no interference each other, thus operator control governor valve position
directly in manual control mode. DEH will switch from manual control mode to automatic
control mode when the automatic control mode restoring normal.
 Function of Simulation
According to the character of the turbine running, DEH will simulate turbine speed, load and
make control system to form closed loop system, inspect the integrality of the entire control
system.
 Data Display and Alarm Print
According to the requirement, DEH will display the turbine operation parameter and response
the turbine operation status in time. When the turbine appears to alarm signal, the printer will
record faulty status.
 Turbine Status Supervisory
Operator supervises various parameters for turbine starting.
2.5 Main Operating Menu Introduction
 Control Mode Menu
The control mode menu includes manually control mode, operator
automatic control mode, AS control mode and remote control mode.
 Feedback Loop Menu
The feedback loop menu includes once Transfer Frequency in/out, the load feedback loop in/out.
 Turbine Limited Value Menu
The turbine limited value include valve limited, load limited.
 Valve Indicator and Valve Test Menu
The valve indicators include the stop valve indicator, high-pressure governor valve indicator, and
interceptor valve indicator and reheat stop valve indicator. The valve test menus include stop
valve test, high-pressure governor valve test, and interceptor valve test and reheat stop valve test.

3 Operator Interface
The operator's interface, which is usually located in the control room, is the unit's control center.
The interface consists of a keyboard, mouse, LCD, manually operator panel and printer.

3.1 Keyboard, Mouse, LCD

Through the use of the keyboard or mouse, pre-designed graphic pages can be accessed. To
achieve the goal of turbine control, operator select control mode, turbine speed, turbine load, rate
change value.

3.2 Printer
According to the requirement, when the turbine appears to alarm signal, the printer will record
faulty status, alarm data and message. Thus the printer will display the turbine operation
parameter and response the turbine operation status in time.

4 Actuator Control System

The EH servo-actuator is one important component in DEH control system. There are 10
actuators in DEH system of 135MW turbine unit, which control the lifting of 2 HP stop valves
actuators, 4 HP governing valves actuators, 2 reheat stop valves actuators and 2 reheat
interceptor valves actuators individually.
The hydraulic cylinder of actuator is opened by EH fluid pressure and closed by springing force.
The hydraulic cylinder connects with a control block on which shutoff valves unload valves and
check valves are mounted. In addition to different subassemblies, two fundamental type actuators
are consisted (i. e. open-close type and control type actuators).
In order to keep the impact between valve disc and seat within allowable limit during the
actuator closing quickly, a hydraulic damping device is equipped at the end of actuator piston
that may transform the main part of kinetic energy into hydraulic energy before impacting and
last moment of action.
The actuators of steam valves are described as following:

4.1 Governor Valve and interceptor valve Actuator Assemblies

Except their physical dimensions are different, the working principal and assembly's type of
these actuators are identical; they can,{, be described in common.
These actuators belong to control type, which control the steam valve at any intermediate
position and control the steam flow in proportional to meet the requirement.
Work Principle is as follows:
When the DEH controller operating, the electrical signal controlling the actuator positioning is
enlarged through amplifier and transformed into hydraulic signal, which moves the spool of
servo valve. The enlarged hydraulic signal causes the high-pressure fluid admitting under the
actuator cylinder piston and moving the piston
upward to open the governor valve through a lever linkage or causes the high pressure fluid
releasing from the bottom chamber of piston and moving the piston downward by spring force to
close the governor valve. When the cylinder piston moves, a linear variable differential
transformer (LVDT) produces an electrical signal proportional to the piston displacement as a
feedback signal. This signal and a control signal from the DEH controller plus (i. e. are
subtracted in fact because their polarity are opposite) by a servo amplifier to produce a piston
error signal. The error signal continues to operate the valve until demand and actual signals
cancel each other. At this time, the spool of servo valve returns to its mid position and there is no
high-pressure fluid admitting into the bottom chamber of actuator or releasing from it. The
governor valve is stopping to move and staying at a new position.
There is an unload valve on the hydraulic cylinder of actuators. When the steam turbine needs to
be tripped and emergency trip fluid is drained, the unload valve will be opened quickly to release
the high pressure fluid from the bottom chamber of hydraulic cylinder and valve will be closed
quickly by the action of spring force.
4.2 HP Stop Valve and Reheat Stop Valve Actuator Assembly These actuators belong to open-
close type and the valve is working at wide open or full closed position. And this actuator is
mounted on HP (reheat) stop valve spring housing and its piston rod is connected directly to the
HP (reheat) stop valve piston rod. Therefore, upward movement of the piston opens the valve
and downward movement closes the valve. The actuator is single acting and high-pressure fluid
provides the force for opening the valve and the spring provides the force to close the valve.

5 EH Fluid Supply Portion

The fluid supply portion consists of fluid supply apparatus, fire resistant fluid polishing filter
assembly and other components on the fluid piping.
5.1 Fluid Supply Apparatus

The fluid supply apparatus provides pressurized fluid required by control portion and maintains
the fluid quality. It consists of fluid reservoir, fluid pumps, control block, fluid filters, magnetic
plugs, relief valve, accumulators, heat exchangers, EH terminal box and some standard
instruments, for the alarm, indication and control of the fluid pressure, fluid temperature, fluid
level.
 Working Principle
The EH fluid is sucked by AC. motor driving axial piston pump from fluid reservoir via pump
suction strainer. The pressurized fluid discharged from pump through high-pressure filter flows
into high-pressure header piping. The high-pressure oil piping which connecting the accumulator
export the high-pressure EH fluid to each actuator and emergency trip system.
The constant pressure pump regulates EH system pressure at 13.8Mpa (2000psig), when fluid
pressure in high-pressure header reaches 16. 2Mpa, the relief valve will open to release EH fluid
to reservoir and protect system against over pressure.
The drain from each actuator through pressurized drain piping and heat exchanger flows into
reservoir. The pressure switch on the high-pressure header cans startup the stand-by pump
automatically. In the reservoir the apparatus for fluid level alarm and trip are equipped. The fluid
level indicator is assembled on the side plate of reservoir.
 Main Equipments of Fluid Supply Portion
1) EH Reservoir
The design capacity of reservoir is 200 gallons, which is made
of stainless steel. A manual drain valve is providing under the
reservoir bottom. There are two level switches (level alarm and trip), magnetic Plug, fill
assembly, control block and reservoir heater.
2) Fluid Pump
In order to raise the reliability of fluid supply system, a double-pump system is used, that
is, one pump is in operation and the other is in standby condition. The two pumps are mounted
beneath the EH fluid reservoir to ensure suction.
3) Control Block
The control block is mounted on the top of EH reservoir, on which following components
can be assembled:
A) Two 3-micrometer filters, each of them can be assembled separately and closely.
B) Two check valves are assembled in the high pressure piping of discharge side of each
pump.
C) A relief valve is situated in high pressure piping downstream the check valve. It is used to
monitor the fluid pressure and will drain the fluid to reservoir as long as the fluid pressure
above the design value.
D) Two-shutoff valves are mounted in the high pressure piping upstream the relief valve.
They open fully at normal condition. If the strainer, check valve, and pump in one
channel need to be maintained or replaced, one of the shutoff valves in this channel must
be closed. This just isolates one channel in the double channel system and does not affect
the operation of unit.

4) Magnetic Filter
Magnetic Filter filled with magnet are immersed in the fluid. They can be dismounted to be
cleaned when stopping.
5) Accumulator
A high-pressure accumulator is mounted side reservoir, which is used to maintain the pressure of
EH fluid system to prevent it against vibration. The accumulator is connected with fluid system
via an accumulator block on which a shutoff valve is mounted. This valve can isolate the
accumulator from the system to test or maintain.
6) Cooler

Two coolers are mounted on the side of the reservoir. The cooling water flows through in its
tubes while the system fluid flows around the bundle in the shell.
7) The electrical terminal block and following pressure switches are assembled in the box:
a. Two pressure differential switches (63/MPF-1, 63/MPF-2). Each indicates pressure
differentials on the inlet and outlet sides of the filtered cartridge mounted in the pump
discharge circuit. If the pressure differential reaches 0. 69Mpa, the switches cause an
alarm, indicating that the filter is clogged and needs to be cleaned or replaced.
b. One pressure switch (63/MP) senses the fluid system low pressure and is set to close a
contact and start the fluid standby pump on decreasing pressure at 11Mpa.
c. One pressure transducer XD/EHP converts 0 --21Mpa pressure to 4~20mA current signal.
This signal is used by the plant computer for monitoring the EH fluid pressure.

8) Fluid Level(71/FL1, 71/FL2)

Fluid level alarm components are mounted on the reservoir top plate. When fluid level changes,
it moves the switch mechanism and causes an alarm for high, low fluid level. It actuates trip
switch at low-low limit fluid level.
9) Check Valve
One spring-loaded check valve is mounted on the pressurized drain line to reservoir. This allows
the drain fluid return reservoir directly to bypass the filter and cooler if either of them becomes
clogged or the drain pressure becomes excessive.

5.2 Fire Resistant Fluid and Polishing Filter Assembly

 Fire Resistant Fluid
With the capacity of the turbine-generator unit increasing and steam temperature raising
continuously, and the high-pressure control fluid is used in control system. In such case, to
protect the power plant from fire, the traditional turbine oil can' t be used as working medium in
control system. The type of FYRQUEL EHC fire resistant fluid is used as hydraulic fluid in the
control system. The physical and chemical properties of fire resistant fluid as following:

Viscosity (ASTM D 445-72)

Saybolt Universal Seconds at 100°F 220s

Saybolt Universal Seconds at 210°F 42.8s

Viscosity Index 0

Specific Gravity, 60°F1.142

Max. Chlorine Content(X-ray Fluorescence), PPm 50

Min. Resistivity, OHM/cm 10. 0X 109

Min. Flash Point, °F 455

Fire Point, °F 645

Auto-Ignition Temperature, °F 1100

Acid Number, mg KOH/g 0. 1

Max. Foaming, ml. (ASTM D 892-72) 25

Max. Color, ASTM 1.5

Particle Distribution (SAE A-6D, Tentative) Class 2

Hydrolytic Stability (48 hrs. ) pass

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
60°F 0. 00038
100 °F 0. 00038
 Air Entrainment, min. (ASTM D3427) 1.0
 Polishing Filter Assembly
The polishing filter assembly is used to store absorbent and keep the EH fluid cleansing
(maintaining the fluid neutralization number and removing water particles etc.). The assembly
mainly consists of Fullers Earth filter and fine filter (cellulose filter). A cellulose filter is
connected in series with a Fuller's Earth filter. They are located downstream two parallel orifices
which restrict the EH fluid flow at the filter inlet to about 1 gallon per minute returning to
reservoir.
A pressure gauge is assembled on each filter. When the gauge indicates abnormally high
pressure, servicing of the filter is required. The filter cartridge of both filters can be replaced.
When the shutoff valve in the line closed, the filter cover can be dismounted to replace the filter
cartridge. If, the pressure in either filter raises to 0.21Mpa with EH fluid temperature between
43'~ 54°C, the filter cartridge should be replaced.
The assembly should operator continuously 8 hours each week, within the first month after the
unit putting into running. In the following days, according to the testing result of the fluid to
determine whether the assembly should be put into service.

5.3 HP and LP Accumulators

Two accumulator subassemblies are mounted on two supporting racks. Each rack that mounted
with two high-pressure accumulators and two low-pressure accumulators is located near HP stop
valve and governor valve actuator assemblies. As damper, they contain the fluid pressure when
the load drops quickly. Each accumulator is connected with a block. This accumulator block can
isolated any of these accumulators through valve for testing, recharging or maintenance.

6. Emergency Trip System

In order to prevent the turbine in operation from major damage due to the malfunction of some
equipment, an emergency trip system is equipped in the turbine. At abnormal condition, it causes
the turbine to trip emergent, so that the turbine is protected in safety. The emergency trip system
monitors certain turbine parameters and closes all turbine steam inlet valves when the operating
limits of these parameters are exceeded. The parameters monitored are the following:
 Turbine over speed
 Thrust bearing wear
 Low bearing oil pressure
 Low condenser vacuum
 Low EH fluid pressure In addition, a remote trip connection that accepts all
additional external trips is also provided.
The emergency trip system consists of an emergency trip control block with 4 auto stop trip
solenoid valves (20/AST) and 2 over speed protection control valves (20/0PC), 1 interface
diaphragm valve, 2 check valves and several pressure switches.

6.1 AST Solenoid Valves (20/AST)

They are energized and closed under normal operating condition. When the solenoid valves are
closed, they block the path to drain of the auto stop emergency trip header fluid and pressure can
be established under steam valve actuator piston. When the solenoid valves open, the header
fluid goes to drain and causes the steam inlet valves to close and trip the turbine. The 20/AST
solenoid valves are arranged into a series-parallel configuration to provide redundant protection.
At least one solenoid valve from each channel must to open to cause a trip.
6.2 OPC Solenoid Valves (20/0PC)
They are over speed protection control solenoids and are controlled by the OPC portion of the
DEH controller. They are arranged in parallel and are de-energized closed under normal
operating condition. In the closed position, they block a path to drain of the OPC trip header
fluid and pressure can be established under governor valve and reheat interceptor valve actuator
piston. In the event of an OPC action, such as the unit speed reaches 103% rated speed, the
solenoid valves open releasing the OPC trip header fluid to drain thereby unseating the unload
valves and causing the immediate closing of the governor valves and reheat interceptor valves.

6.3 Emergency Trip Control Block

This block's main function is to provide the connection between the auto stop emergency trip
header (AST) and the over speed protection control trip header (OPC).
Six solenoid valves are mounted on the control block and two check valves are contained inside
of it. Some necessary passages are machined in the block to connect each component. All
openings are plugged with threaded plug. Each plug is sealed with 0-ring.

6.4 Check Valves

Two check valves are mounted between the auto stop emergency trip header piping (AST) and
overspeed protection control header piping (OPC). When the OPC valves activate, the auto stop
emergency trip line is plugged by the check valves and the stop valves and reheat stop valves
remain open. With a reduction in speed to rated speed, the solenoid valves will close, the
governor valves and reheat interceptor valves will reopen and the governor valves will take over
control of the turbine speed and keep it at rated speed. When AST solenoid valves activate, AST
and OPC fluid pressure will drop to close all the steam inlet valves and extraction valves and
shutdown the unit.

6.5 Interface Diaphragm Valve

The interface diaphragm valve provides an interface between the lube oil system and the EH
fluid system. Its purpose is to trip the turbine through the EH fluid system in the event of an
unacceptable decay in the lube oil system pressure.

This valve is mounted near governor pedestal. During normal operation of the turbine, the valve
is held in the closed position by high-pressure oil from the lube system supplied to a chamber
above the diaphragm in the valve bonnet. This pressure acts against the diaphragm to overcome
the compression of the spring and hold the valve in the closed position thus blocking a path to
drain the EH fluid header and allowing the EH system to be latched.
A functioning of the over speed trip mechanism or the manual over speed test lever, or both, will
cause a loss or decay of lube oil pressure and allow the compression spring to open the valve and
release the AST fluid to drain. The loss of AST pressure will cause all steam inlet valves and
extraction valves to close.

6.6 Emergency governor

The two eccentric ring type emergency governors are installed on rotor extension in turbine front
bearing pedestal. With viewing from the turbine end, the first one is named as No.1 emergency
governor, whose emergency governor pilot is No. 1 emergency governor pilot. Also, the
secondary one is named as No. 2 emergency governor, whose emergency governor pilot as No.2
emergency governor pilot valve.
Due to eccentricity of eccentric ring, emergency governor creates centrifugal force in high-speed
rotation. When this centrifugal force is bigger than pre-tightening force of compression spring,
the eccentric ring rushes out to strike the hook of emergency governor pilot to have it dropout,
resulting safety oil dumping immediately, closing HP and IP main stop valve and governing
valve quickly to reach the aim of emergency shutdown. As soon as main stop valve is shut down,
turbine speed drops rapidly so that the emergency governor eccentric ring will be back to normal
automatically. The reset speed of eccentric ring is 3030±20r/min.
There are two diagonal moon shape oil cavities, whose function is to store oil in oil spraying test
for increasing weight and eccentric distance of eccentric ring so that eccentric ring can rush out
in low rotating speed. After oil spraying stops, the oil in cavities will run off from top hole of
cavities by centrifugal force, resulting eccentric ring reset.
If the rush-out speed of emergency governor doesn't meet requirement, adjust eccentric speed of
eccentric ring to alter pre-tightness of spring by nut. According to calculation, adjusting nut
speeds will be changed about 300 rpm by rotating each turn.

6.7 Emergency governor pilot valve

The emergency governor pilot valve is actuating mechanism of emergency governor, by which
safety oil pressure is controlled. It consists of hook, pin, piston, spring and body etc. Once
emergency governor actuates, eccentric ring strikes hook to have it cut-out, while piston moves
upward acted by spring, causing safety oil chamber connecting with returning oil, and safety oil
pressure dumping. While piston moves upward, pressure oil flows into over speed indicator from
ports, showing emergency governor trip status. For reset emergency governor pilot valve,
directly reset oil into upper of piston to press piston down and hook acted by twist spring of pin
shaft re-latches with piston to return to original operation position.

6.8 Emergency - governor test. Pilot valve

Emergency governor test pilot valve consists of hand wheel, indicating nameplate, pin, piston
and body etc. In normal operation, hand wheel is in middle position and indicating nameplate
indicates properly. When emergency governor is tested, press down indicator needle of indicating
nameplate and rotate hand wheel to have indicating nameplate show the position of emergency
governor. With hand wheel rotation, piston is forced to move left and right to conduct oil passage
switchover. For example, lead pressure oil to oil spraying device of being tested emergency
governor, and cut off safety oil passage to emergency governor pilot valve, preventing unit from
abnormal operation after emergency governor active.

6.9 Oil spraying test device

Oil spraying test device is used for oil spraying test of emergency governor. It consists of piston,
body, hand wheel and button etc. Two oil spraying test devices are named as No. 1 and No. 2
accordingly and only one is needed to test emergency governor. During emergency governor test,
first pull hand wheel outward, connecting pressure oil with oil spraying test device through this
device. Then, pressure oil is directed into moon shape oil cavities, causing emergency governor
oil spraying without over speed situation. After that, press button to have pressure oil and reset
oil connected, having emergency governor pilot valve reset after action accordingly.

6.10 Over speed indicator

Over speed indicator can show the position of emergency governor pilot valve. It consists of
hood, indication block, spring, casing and piston etc. When emergency governor pilot valve acts,
indication oil flows into over speed indicator to push piston to left side, and the window of hood
indicates red indication block mark, showing relevant emergency governor in trip status.
After emergency governor pilot valve is back to normal, indication oil pressure disappears and
piston is pressed to right by spring, thus, indication block is off from hood window, indicating
that emergency governor pilot valve is in normal position. Two emergency governor pilot valves
have two corresponding over speed indicator, showing the working status of No. 1 and No.2
emergency governor pilot valve respectively.

6.11 Emergency trip device

Emergency governor device is a manual-operated device for turbine emergency shutdown. It
consists of handle, protection hood, and piston etc. Once turbine is required to shutdown
urgently, first remove protection hood from handle, then push handle to move piston inside, thus
discharging safety oil pressure from this device, resulting in closure of main stop valve and
combined reheat valve.