DESIGN

AIDS
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

STRUCTURAL SPECIFICATIONS

SECTIONS

100 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

101 : Working Drawings

102 : Design Loads
103 : Reinforced Concrete Construction
104 : Concrete Mixes
105 : Footings
106 : Reinforced Concrete Beams
107 : Reinforced Concrete Slabs
108 : Reinforced Concrete Columns
109 : Reinforced Concrete Walls
110 : CHB Wall
111 : Structural Tolerances
112 : Concrete Protection for Requirements
113 : Reinforcing Bars
114 : Standard Hook
115 : Welded Splices
116 : Construction Joints
117 : Electrical Conduits
118 : Pipes Embedded in Concrete
119 : Removal of Forms and Shores
120 : Reinforced Concrete Slabs on Grounds

200 STRUCTURAL EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

201 : Scope of Work

202 : Applicable Codes and Standards
203 : Submittals
204 : Transportation, Handling, Storage and Protection
205 : Quality Control
206 : Materials
207 : Preparation
208 : Excavation
209 : Filling and Compaction

300 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT

301 : Scope of Work

302 : Applicable Codes and Standards
303 : Submittals
 304 : Materials
305 : Detailing and Fabrication
306 : Placing Reinforcement
307 : Splices
308 : Repair

400 CONCRETE FORMWORK

401 : Scope of Work

402 : Applicable Codes and Standards
403 : Submittals
404 : Quality Control
405 : Materials
406 : Fabrication and Erection
407 : Stripping and Reshoring

500 CAST – IN – PLACE CONCRETE

501 : Scope of Work

502 : Applicable Codes and Standards
503 : Submittals
504 : Transportation, Handling, Storage and Protection
505 : Quality Control
506 : Materials
507 : Classes, Usage and Proportioning
508 : Batching, Mixing and Transporting Concrete
509 : Placing Concrete
510 : Compaction
511 : Bonding
512 : Slabs on Grade
513 : Setting on Base Plate
514 : Suspended Slab
515 : Concrete Finishes

600 STRUCTURAL STEEL SPECIFICATIONS

601 : Materials
602 : Standards Symbols and Nomenelature
603 : Camber
100.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

SECTIONS

101.0 WORKING DRAWINGS

101.1 This “Structural Specifications” shall be an integral part of the Structural

Plans.

101.2 In the interpretation of the Structural Plans, indicated dimensions shall

govern and distances or sizes shall not be scaled for construction
purposes.

101.3 In case of conflict between the Structural Plans and the Structural
Specifications, the Plans shall govern.

102.0 DESIGN LOADS

102.1 DEAD LOADS

The design dead loads unless otherwise specified in the structural plans
are as follows:

Slab …………………………………… as per design thickness

Finishes/Ceilings/Miscellaneous ……… 0.6 KPa
Partitions ……………………………… 1.00 KPa
Beams/Columns ………………………. as per loading take-off

102.2 LIVE LOADS

The design live loads unless otherwise specified in the Plans are as
follows:

Assigned/Spaces/School Classrooms …. 2.00 KPa

Stairs/Exit Facilities/Corridors………… 4.80 KPa

These design live loads shall never be exceeded at any time during the
life of the structure without the written consent of the Structural Engineer.

It shall be the responsibility of the Owner of the building to get the

approval of the Structural Engineer of any live loads which will be imposed
on any area of the building from and/or exceeding the design loads
specified herein.

No portion of the building shall be used as temporary storage of

construction materials in excess of the design live loads without the
consent of the Structural Engineer.
 102.3 EARTHQUAKE LOADS

The design earthquake loads are as per the provision of the “Uniform
Building Code (UBC) Edition” for earthquake zone 4; “1991 ASEP Guide
for the Design

102.4 LOADS

The design wind load is as per the provision of the “National Structural
Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 1992”.

102.5 EQUIPMENT LOADING

Equipment not indicated in the plans shall not be installed without the
approval of the Structural Engineer.

The Manufacturer shall submit equipment data specifying the weight, and
its reaction at the base, and its vibration characteristics.

103.0 REINFORCED CONCRETE

103.1 Cement shall conform to Portland Cement ASTMC 1 50

103.2 Concrete aggregate shall conform to ASTM C33 except aggregate failing
to meet these specifications but which have produced concrete of
adequate strength and durability may be subject to the approval of the
Structural Engineer.

103.3 Water used in mixing shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of
oils, acids, alkalis, salts, organic materials or other substances deleterious
to concrete shall not contain deleterious amount of chloride ions.

103.4 Reinforcing bar shall conform to ASTM A615.

103.5 Wires and standard for tendons in pre-stressed concrete shall conform to
ASTM 416 and ASTM 421 respectively.

103.6 Admixtures to be used in concrete shall be subject to the prior approval by

the Structural Engineer.

103.7 Cement and aggregates shall be stored in such a manner as to prevent

their intrusion of foreign matter.

103.8 Concrete cylinder samples for strength test of each class of concrete shall
be taken neither less than once per day nor less than once for each 115
cubic meters of concrete or for each 465 square meters of the surface
area.
 The cylinder samples for strength test shall be taken cured and tested in
accordance with ASTM C 172, ASTM C3 1, and ASTM C3 9.

103.9 ACCEPTANCE OF CONCRETE

Concrete poured will be considered satisfactory if the average of all sets of

these consecutive strength test results equal the required fc’ and no
individual strength test result falls below the required fc’ by more than
3.45MPa.

103.10 CORE TEST AND LOAD TEST

If individual test of laboratory cured cylinder samples produce strength

more than 3.45MPa below the required fc’, core test and/or load test may
be resorted, subjected to the approval of the Structural Engineer.

103.11 MIXING CONCRETE

All concrete shall be mixed until there is a uniform distribution of the

materials and shall be discharged completely before the mixer is
recharged.

103.12 DEPOSITING OF CONCRETE

Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position to

avoid segregation due to rehandling or flowing.

103.13 CURING

Concrete shall be maintained in a moist condition for at least seven (7)

days after placing. Wet burlap may be laid over the slab constantly applied
with water.

104.0 CONCRETE MIXES

104.1 Unless otherwise indicated in the drawing, the minimum 28-day cylinder
compressive strength shall be as follows:

fc’ ……………..20.7MPa Pavements, Sedimentation Tanks,

Footing and Tie Beams Manholes and other related
Columns, R.C. Floor Beams and Girders Sanitary Structures
Suspended Slabs Retaining Walls,
Parapets and Curtain walls, Stairs Load Bearing Walls
Filler Walls, Gutter
Slab on Fill/Grade, Bedded Slabs, Partitions
Catch basins, Sump Pits, Sidewalks
105.0 FOOTINGS

105.1 Unless otherwise indicated in the plans, the allowable soil pressure shall
be at least 150 KPa.

105.2 Excavation for footings shall be carried to a depth at least 0.60m of the
virgin soil or 1.00m below the original ground, whichever is deeper.

105.3 To make sure of the depth of excavation, the Contractor shall excavate
first at least four (4) footings located at the comers of the proposed
building. The depth of excavation shall be confirmed by the Structural
Engineer as a basis of the excavation for all other footings.

105.4 The Structural Engineer shall be informed of any deviation of the soil
layering as compared to the first four (4) excavations.

105.5 Existing underground pipes, tunnels, etc. shall be brought to the attention
of the Structural Engineer for evaluation.

105.6 Any excavation adjacent to any existing structure shall be provided with
adequate sheet piling by the Contractor. The sheet piles shall be properly
designed to resist the earth and water pressures as well as surcharge
loadings on the footings of the adjacent existing structures.

105.7 Unless otherwise specified by the Structural Engineer, the CHB wall
footing shall be as shown in the Structural Plan.

105.8 Reinforced Concrete Slabs on fill shall be 100mm thick with 12mm
diameter reinforcing bars at 0.30m o.c. each way unless otherwise
specified in the plans.

Parking sidewalks, etc. shall be compacted 90% proctor in layers of 0.20m

unless otherwise specified by Structural Engineer.

106.0 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

106.1 Unless otherwise noted in the plans or specifications, camber all R.C.
Beams at least 6mm for every 4,500mm of clear span except cantilevers
which shall be 18mm for every 3,000mm of clear span.

106.2 If there are two (2) or more layers of reinforcing bars, use 25mm
separators spaced at 0.90m o.c. In no case shall there be less than two
(2) separators between layers of bars.

106.3 If beams reinforcing bars end in wall, the clear distance from the bar to the
face of the wall shall not be less than 5 bar diameter. The reinforcing bar
 shall terminate on standard 90 degree hook. Minimum embedment shall
be 40 bar diameter for tension and, 20 bar diameter for compression bars.

106.4 When a beam crosses a girder, rest beam bars on top of the girder bars.
At column intersection, girder bars shall be on top of the beam bars.

106.5 Length of bar cut-offs and bar clearances shall be as shown in the
Structural Plans.

106.6 Top bars splices shall be at midspan and bottom bar splices at 100m from
the face of the column. Unless otherwise indicated in the plans, spliced
lengths and development lengths shall be in accordance with the
following:

a. Development Length (Ld)

180 Degree Bend plus 4Db extension,

But not less than 65mm at free end of bars
90 Degree Bend plus 12Db extension, at free end of bar
45 Degree Bend plus 20Db extension
Straight plus 30Db extension

b. Lap Splice Length

Tension Bars Compression Bars

Top Bars 0.15fyDb 0.10fyDb
Bottom Bars 0.12fyDb 0.08fyDb

Development Length/Lap splice length shall not be less than 300mm.

Basic development length bar shall be multiplied by 1.30 for top bars.

Db – Bar Diameter fy – Yield Strength of Steel

107.0 REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS

107.1 Unless otherwise noted in the plans or specifications, camber all R.C.
slabs 3mm for every 3,300mm of the shorter span.

107.2 If slabs are reinforced both ways, bars along the shorter span shall be
placed below those along the longer span at the center and over the
longer bars near the supports,
107.3 Lengths of bar cut-offs shall be shown in the Structural Plans.

107.4 For flat slabs, span bottom bars shall be placed below the shorter span
bars and top bars, vice versa.

107.5 Concrete covering shall be 20mm clear for top and bottom bars.
 107.6 Unless otherwise specified by the Structural Engineer, bar chairs shall be
provided at least 600mm each way to support the top and bottom bars
separately.

108.0 REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS

108.1 Unless otherwise indicated, the column pedestal embedded in the ground
shall be larger than the column as per plan at the ground floor level.

108.2 Construction joints in columns shall be located at the top of the pedestal
(ground floor line) or at least a distance above the floor equal to the
maximum dimension of the column or one-sixth (1/6) storey height.

108.3 All ties shall be fastened to column vertical reinforcement by wires at all
intersection points of ties and column rebars.

108.4 Not more than one-half (1/2) of the total number of bars shall be spliced at
the same level. The lap splice shall be 1.3 of the development length.
Splices shall be staggered at a distance of at least 40 bar diameter.

108.5 Column bar splice lengths shall be as shown in the Structural Plan.

108.6 Lap welded splices may be used in lieu of the above. The welded splice
must develop at least 125 percent of the bigger bar yield strength, 1.25
Ab*fy. Not butt-weld splices are allowed unless otherwise permitted by the
Structural Engineer.

108.7 Confinement ties shall be provided at all columns at beam-column

intersections shown in the Structural Plans.

109.0 REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL

109.1 Unless otherwise indicated in the Plans, the R.C. Wall vertical bars shall
enclose the horizontal bars.

109.2 Reinforcing bars shall have at least 30mm concrete clearance except at
100mm wall where they shall be at the center.

109.3 Extend vertical bars 600mm above the floor level to provide for splices
when necessary.

109.4 Horizontal and vertical bars conforming to ASTM A615 shall have a
minimum splice lapping and wired #16 G.I. tie wire provided that splices in
adjacent bars are staggered at least 1.50m o.c. Not more than one-half
(1/2) of the total number of bars shall be spliced at the same line. Splices
shall be staggered at a distance of at least 40 bar diameter.
 109.6 At wall intersections and corners, anchorage length provided shall be as
shown in the Structural Plan or otherwise specified by the Structural
Engineer.

110.0 CHB WALLS

110.1 Unless otherwise specified, the vertical and horizontal reinforcements for
CHB shall be 1000mm and 400mm o.c. respectively for all wall thickness.
Lap splices shall be at least 300mm.

110.2 Lintel beams to be used shall be (t x 0.20m) reinforced by 4-12mm bars

with 10mm at 0.30m o.c. stirrups. Where “t” is the CHB wall thickness.

110.3 Lintel beams shall be provided at the top of the CHB wall openings. It shall
be extended at least 0.20m beyond the openings.

110.4 For high walls, lintel beams shall be provided at 3.0m o.c.

110.5 For long walls, lintel beams acting as column shall be provided at 6.0m
o.c.

110.6 Where CHB wall adjoins R.C. columns and beams prior to pouring to
match CHB wall reinforcement. The dowel shall be 12mm bars at 3.0m
o.c.

110.7 Where the top CHB walls adjoins a beam a 50mm gap to be filled with a
soft material like styrophor.

110.8 Where the side if the CHB wall adjoins a column provide a 50mm gap to
with a soft material like styrophor.

110.9 Where columns and beams are to be poured without CHB wall dowel,
provide ramsets and 16 gauged galvanized steel straps 0.40m o.c. No
chipping of concrete columns and beams is allowed unless otherwise
permitted by the Structural Engineer.

111.0 STRUCTURAL TOLERANCES

111.1 Unless otherwise specified by the Structural Engineer the following are the
acceptable structural tolerances for cast-in-place concrete construction. All
dimensions which are not within the required tolerances shall be corrected
prior to pouring of concrete. Tolerances for pre-cast concrete construction
shall be ½ of the values given below:

a. Cross-sectional dimensions and location of the reinforcements, pre-

stressing steel and pre-stressing steel ducts.
 Dimensions less than 200mm …………… (+) or (-) 6mm
200mm to 600mm ……………………….. (+) or (-) 9mm
Over 600mm ……………………………… (+) or (-) 12mm

b. Member length of height ………………… 6mm per 3000mm

(maximum limitation = 12mm)

c. Deviations from straight line

Sweep and/or Plumbness …………………. 6mm per 3000mm

d. Location of bar cut-offs or bends ………… (+) or (-) 50mm

112.0 CONCRET PROTECTION FOR REINFORCEMENT

112.1 The following minimum concrete cover shall be provided for reinforcing
bars, pre-stressing tendons or ducts. For bundled bars, the minimum
cover shall be equal the equivalent diameter of the bundled bars needed
but not more than 50mm on the tabulated minimum whichever is greater.

112.2 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE (REINFORCED CONCRETE

CONSTRUCTION)

Minimum Cover
a. Cast against and permanently
exposed to earth ……………………… 75mm

b. Exposed to earth or weather 20mmdp

Through 36mmdp bars ……………….. 50mm
16mmdp bar, W3 or D3 1 wire and smaller 40mm

c. Not exposed to weather or in contact

With ground:

Slabs, walls, joists:

32mmdp bar and smaller …………….. 20mm
Beams, Girders and Columns
Primary reinforcement ties,
Stirrups, spirals ……………………… 40mm

112.3 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE (PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE

CONSTRUCTION)
Minimum Cover

a. Cast against and permanently

Exposed to earth ……………………… 75mm

b. Exposed to earth or weather wall

Panels, slabs and joists ……………….. 25mm
 c. Not exposed to weather or in
Contact with ground

Slabs, walls, joists ……………………. 20mm

Beams, columns
Primary reinforcements ………………. 40mm
Ties, stirrups or spirals ……………….. 25mm

112.4 PRE-CAST CONCRETE

Minimum Cover

a. Exposed to earth or weather

Wall Panel
32mm (J) bar and smaller …………….. 20mm

Other Members
20mm (h to 32mmCp) ………………… 40mm
16mm bar, W3 1 or D3 1 wire,
and smaller ……………………………. 30mm

b. Not exposed to weather or

in contact with ground:
Slabs, walls, joists:
32mm Φ and smaller ………………….. 15mm

Beams, Girders and Columns:

Primary Reinforcement ……………….. db but not less than 15
and need not exceed 40

Ties, stirrups or spirals ………………… 10mm

113.0 REINFORCING BARS

113.1 All reinforcing bars shall be deformed conforming to ASTM A6 15-68.

113.2 Unless otherwise noted in the plans the minimum yield strength of the
reinforcing bars corresponding to the structural member shall be as
enumerated:

fy …….. 230MPa
Footing and Tie Beams
Columns, R.C. Floor Beams and girders
Suspended Slabs
Parapets and Curtain Walls, Stairs
Filler Walls, Gutter
Slab on Fill/Grade, Bedded Slab, Partitions
 Catch Basins, Sump Pits, Sidewalks
Pavements, Sedimentation Tanks, Manholes
and other related Sanitary Structures
Retaining Walls and Loads Bearing Walls

113.3 Splice and anchorage lengths shall follow those set for development
lengths (Ld) unless otherwise indicated in the plans or approved by the
Structural Engineer.

114.0 STANDARD HOOK

114.1 A standard hook for rebars if required shall be either of the following:

a. A 180-degree bend plus an extension of at least 12 bar diameter at the

free end of the bar.

b. A 90-degree bend plus an extension of at least 12 bar diameter at the

free end of the bar.

114.2 Minimum diameter of bend measured on the inside of the bar shall be as
follows:

10mmΦ to 25mm (j) …………. 6 bar diameter

28mmΦ to 32mm (j) …………. 8 bar diameter
36mmΦ ………………………. 10 bar diameter

115.0 WELDED SPLICES

115.1 Welding is to be allowed only if the reinforcing bars are weld able.

115.2 The welded splices must developed at least 125% of the bigger bar yield
strength 1.25 Ab*fy.

115.3 Built-welded splice when used shall be considered 75% efficient. The
remaining 50% capacity to develop 125% of the tensile capacity of the bar
shall be provided for by an additional welded lap splice connection on the
same joint.

115.4 Details of all splices shall be submitted by the contractor for approval by
the Structural Engineer.

115.5 Only certified welders will be allowed to perform welding operations.

These welders shall be subject to the approval of the Project Engineer.
 115.6 TESTING OF WELDS

Welds shall be considered satisfactory if 9 out of 10 samples passed the

requirements. Otherwise welding procedure shall be corrected to attain
quality welds. Unsatisfactory welds shall be remedied subject to the
approval of the Structural Engineer.

Testing of welds shall be X-ray Method (Non-destructive Tests) unless

otherwise directed by the Structural Engineer.

115.7 Connection of crossing bars by track welding is not permitted.

116.0 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

116.1 Construction joints shall be located near the middle of the span of slabs,
beams or girders.

116.2 At beam-girder intersection, the construction joint in the girder shall be

offset at a distance equal to twice the width of the beam. Diagonal bars
shall be provided to resist 100% shear of the construction joint.

116.3 Construction joints in column shall be located a distance above the floor
equal to maximum dimension or 1/6 the storey height.

116.4 Where a joint is to be made, the surface of the concrete shall be

thoroughly cleaned and laitance and standing water removed. Vertical
joints shall also be thoroughly welled and coated with neat cement grout
immediately before placing new concrete.

116.5 Construction joints in walls, slabs and other structures that are subjected
to water pressure shall be provided with water stops. Kind, type, and size
of water stops shall be as approved by the Structural Engineer.
116.6 All construction joints should be bounded by epoxy (old to new) before the
resumption of pouring.

117.0 ELECTRICAL CONDUITS

117.1 All electrical conduits shall be placed between the top and bottom
reinforcements in slabs and R.C. walls.

117.2 The spacing of these conduits shall be at least three (3) diameter.
118.0 PIPES EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE

118.1 Pipes and their fittings shall not displace more than four (4) percent of the
cross-sectional area of the column.

118.2 No longitudinal pipes are allowed to punch through a beam or girder.

118.3 Pipes made of Aluminum shall not be embedded in concrete.

118.4 Concrete cover for pipes shall be at least 40mm for concrete surfaces
exposed to weather or in contact with the ground or 20mm for concrete
surfaces not exposed to the ground or weather.

119.0 REMOVAL OF FORMS AND SHORES

119.1 Forms shall be removed in such a manner as to the safety of the structure.

119.2 Unless otherwise specified by the Structural Engineer, the following shall
be the basis of removal of forms and shoring for Reinforced Concrete
(R.C.) construction:

Age of Concrete
Foundations 24 days
Columns 2 days
Walls 2 days
Sides of Beams and Girder 2 days
Floor Slabs 14 days
Shoring for Beams and Girder 14 days
Suspended Slabs 14 days

119.3 For post-tensioned (P.T.) construction the following shall be the basis of
removal of forms and shoring:

Age of Concrete
P.T. Beams’ side forms 2 days
R.C. Columns’ side forms 2 days
R.C. Slab shoring and bottom forms 7 days
P.T. Beam shoring after post-tensioning
P.T. Slab shoring after post-tensioning

120.0 R.C. SLABS ON GROUNDS

120.1 Unless otherwise specified, thickness and reinforcement of R.C. slabs

shall vary depending on type of occupancy. Earth shall be compacted to
90% proctor.
0200 STRUCTURAL EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

201.0 SCOPE OF WORK

201.1 Furnish all materials, equipment, labor, plant and other facilities to
complete the structural excavation.

201.2 All works included under this division shall be subject to the General
Conditions accompanying these specifications. The Contractor and Sub
contractor are required to refer especially thereto.

201.3 Examine the site, records of existing utilities and construction, records of
the test borings and sub-surface exploration reports and soil samples to
determine all conditions under which will be performed. The records of test
boring are not guaranteed to represent all conditions that will be
encountered.

202.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS

202.1 The Standards and Codes applicable to only a portion of the work
specified in this section are referenced in the relevant parts or clauses.
Standards and Codes which are generally applicable to the work of this
section are listed hereinafter:

202.2 AASHTO American Association of States

Highway and Transportation

T88 Mechanical Analysis of Soils

T90 Determining the Plastic Limit and
Plasticity Index of Soils

202.3 ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

C33 Concrete Aggregates

D1556 Density of Soil-in-Place by the Sand-Cone Method

D1557 Moisture Dust Density relations of

Soils using ten (10) pound rammer
And eighteen (18) dust inch drop

203.0 SUBMITTALS

203.1 Samples of any materials or product to be used in the works. They shall
be properly marked and accompanied by a letter of transmittal clearly
listing the samples, their intended use and locations in the works.
 203.2 TEST REPORTS

Shop Tests shall be the results of required shop of materials equipment or

systems certified in writing by the manufacturer or its authorized
representatives.

204.0 TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING, STORAGE AND PROTECTION

204.1 PUMPINGAND DRAINAGE

Excavate areas so as to afford adequate drainage. Control grading to

present water running into the excavated areas until the work is complete.
Remove water that may interfere with the proper performance of the work
or cause ponding.

205.0 QUALITY CONTROL

205.1 TESTING LABORATORY

The Testing Laboratory shall perform all tests and submit reports specified
in this section. The testing Laboratory shall be responsible for conducting
and interpreting the tests; shall state each report whether or not the test
specimens comply with all requirements of the Contract Documents and
shall especially note any deviation there from.

205.2 TESTING MATERIALS

The Testing Laboratory shall perform all tests herein specified and any
additional tests as may be required.

1. Optimum moisture-maximum density curve for each type of soil

encountered in subgrades and fills under paved areas and building
slabs. Determine maximum densities in accordance with ASTM D1557.

2. Each type of borrow material shall receive the following: a Mechanical

a. Analysis – AASHTO T88

b. Plasticity Index Determination – AASHTO T90

c. Moisture-Density Curve Determination – ASTM D1557

3. The Testing Laboratory shall determine the suitability of materials to be

used for fills.
205.3 TESTING OF SUBGRADE AND FILL LAYERS

Subgrade and fill layers shall be approved before a construction of any

further work thereon. Tests of subgrades and fill layers shall be taken as
follows:

1. Footing Subgrades

The design bearing capacities shall be verified by testing each strata of

soil on which footings will be placed. The following tests shall be
performed as required by the Construction Manager:

a. For Cohesionless Soil Plate Bearing

Test and Field Density Test
b. For Cohesive Soil – Unconfined
Compression Test

2. Paved Area and Building Slab Subgrades

The top 12in (300mm) of subgrade resulting from excavation shall

have the maximum density of optimum moisture as specified. In fill
areas, each layer of fill shall meet the required density as specified. At
least one (1) Field Density Test of the subgrade for every 3000ft 2
(279m2) of paved area or building slab but in no case less than three
(3) tests shall be made. In each compacted fill layer, make one (1)
Field Density Test for every overlaying 3000ft2 three test. Field Density
test shall be performed in accordance with ASTM 1556 or ASTM
D2167.

3. Foundation Wall Backfill

At least three (3) Field Density Tests ASTM D1556 or ASTM D2167
shall be taken at locations and elevations as directed.

205.4 QUALITY TESTING COMPLIANCES

Cooperate in every respect in the performance of the required tests. If,

based on reports of the Testing Laboratory and inspection, the subgrade
or backfills are found to be below the specified density, additional
compaction and testing will be required at the expense of the Contractor.

205.5 TOLERANCES

Grade areas to smooth finished surfaces with uniform levels or slopes

between elevations shown, or between such points and existing grades
within the following tolerances:
 1. Landscapes Areas

Finish areas top receive top soil 25mm (1 in) below the required
subgrade elevation, grades and cross-sections.

2. Pavements and Walks

Finish areas under pavement and walks within 12mm below the
required sub-base.

3. Footings

Finish surfaces within 5/8in (16mm) below the required grade

4. Slabs on Grade and Structural Members

Finish surfaces within 6mm above the required grade

5. Other Areas

6. Finish areas to 30mm above or below the required elevations, grade

and cross-section

206.0 MATERIALS

206.1 GENERAL FILL

Sand, Gravel, or suitable soils free of organic material, cinders, trash,

masonry, or rubble; and free of stones having a diameter greater than 6in
(150mm).

206.2 GRAVEL FILL

Clean crushed stone or gravel complying with ASTM C33.

206.3 DRAINAGE FILL

Fine aggregates, clean, well-graded, or free draining sand.

207.0 PREPARATION

207.1 Clear and grub shrubs, stumps, roots, brush, vegetation, rubbish and
debris within the construction limit lines, except as otherwise designated to
remain or to be relocated.

\
208.0 EXCAVATION

208.1 GENERAL

Excavate to the lines and elevations as required. Excavation shall

comprise and include the satisfactory removal and disposal of all materials
encountered regardless of the nature of the materials. Make excavations
sufficiently large to permit placing and removal of forms, installation of
waterproofing, damp-proofing and utilities; and to permit inspection
thereof.

208.2 EXCAVATION FOR FOOTINGS

Footings subgrades shall be approved before proceeding with

construction of piers and footings. Bottoms of footing shall be founded on
rock or firm understructure at elevations indicated or as shown. Refer to
construction notes for required preparations. Subgrade of footings shall be
leveled and free of loose rock, dirt, debris and standing water prior to
acceptance for placing concrete.

208.3 EXCAVATION FOR PAVED AREAS, BUILDING SLABS AND

STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN CUT AREAS

1. Structural Members

Structural members shall include frame slabs, grade beams, and utility
tunnels.

2. Subgrades

Subgrades shall be approved before proceeding with construction of

pavement, slabs or structural members.

a. The top 300mm of subgrade resulting from excavation shall be free of

unsuitable material and have a minimum percentage of 95 percent of
maximum moisture when cohesive soils are tested in accordance with
ASTM D1557 or 75 percent or relative density when cohesionless soils
are tested in accordance with ASTM D2049.

b. If the subgrade does not meet the above requirements, compact the
subgrade by rolling with suitable compaction equipment to obtain the
density specified.

208.3 EXCAVATION FOR GENERAL GRADING

Excavation made below the elevations shown or specified shall be filled

and compacted as hereinafter specified for filling and compacting.
 208.4 EXCAVATION FOR PAVED AREAS, BUILDING SLABS AND
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN FILL AREAS.

Sub-section 108.3 applies except that no grade recompaction will be

required.

209.0 FILLING AND COMPACTION

209.1 FILL MATERIALS

Materials for fill and backfill shall be general fill as herein before specified,
obtained from the required excavation on site, if acceptable, or from
borrowed sources.

209.2 UTILIZATION OR EXCAVATION MATERIALS

Suitable excavated materials for fill and backfill, as defined in GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS 106.0 MATERIALS shall be approved. Materials which
are suitable for use as fill under exterior slabs and paving and backfill shall
be separated from material which is only suitable for general grading.
209.3 BORROW

Provide additional materials, if required, at no additional cost. Acceptable

borrow shall consist of suitable materials.

209.4 PLACING

Place fill materials in horizontal loose layers in such a manner as to

produce a uniform thickness of materials. Placement shall start in the
deepest area and progress approximately parallel to the finished grade.
Thickness of layer before compaction shall not be placed on areas where
free water is standing or on surface which have not been approved.

209.5 COMPACTION

Compaction each layer of fill with equipment to achieve 95 percent of

maximum density at optimum moisture when cohesive soils are tested in
accordance with ASTM D1557 or 75 percent of relative density when
cohesionless soils are tested in accordance with ASTM D2040.

209.6 GRAVEL FILL FOR BUILDING SLABS

Provide specified gravel fill beneath all concrete slabs on grade and as
shown elsewhere. Place gravel fill to depth shown and in no case less
than 4in (100mm) deep. Compact fill with vibratory or tamping methods to
key the stone into a firm base; except hand tamp over subsoil drains.
 209.7 BACKFILLING AGAINST FOUNDATION WALLS

After the completion of foundation walls and removal of forms, clean the
surface of application before applying damp-proofing or waterproofing and
placement of backfill as herein before specified for fill operations. Maintain
symmetrical backfill loading and compact each layer by hand tampers or
other unsatisfactory conditions.

1. Don not backfill against foundation or basements walls until

compaction or supporting floor construction to top or backfill or to first
level above the top of backfill. In placing backfill, take special care to
prevent wedge action eccentric or overloading structure by equipment
used in compacting backfill material, and to prevent damage or damp-
proofing or water-proofing on walls.

2. Where the subsoil drainage systems are installed, place backfill so as

to prevent any damage to the system.

3. Place drainage fill from top of left above footing subsoil drains to within
18in (450mm) of finished grade, except as otherwise shown. Place and
compact as necessary to obtain the required densities under paved
areas and areas general grading as specified herein.

0300 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT

301.0 SCOPE OF WORK

301.1 Furnish all materials, equipment, labor, plant and other facilities to
complete concrete reinforcement as shown on the drawings and herein
specified.

301.2 All works under this division shall be subject to general conditions
accompanying these specifications. The Contractor and Subcontractor are
to refer especially thereto.

302.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS

302.1 The standards and codes applicable to only portion of the work specified
in this section are referenced in the relevant parts of clauses. Standards
and codes which are generally applicable to the works of this section are
listed hereinafter.

302.2 ACI American Concrete Institute

315 Manual of standard and Practice for

Detailing Reinforced Concrete Structures
 318 Building Code Requirement for
Reinforced Concrete

302.3 ASTM American Society for Testing & Materials

A185 Welded Steel Wire Fabric for

Concrete Reinforcement

A615 Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel

Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

302.4 CRSI Concrete Reinforcement Steel Institute

Manual of Standard Practice

Placing Reinforcement Bars

302.5 AWS American Welding Society Reinforced

Steel Welding Code

303.0 SUBMITTALS

303.1 DETAILS DRAWINGS AND/OR SHOP DRAWINGS

Fabrication, installation and assembly drawings for all parts of work in

sufficient details to enable to check conformly with the Contract
requirements. Drawings shall show the details and dimensions of all
component parts including plan and elevation views, cross-sections and
details.

303.2 TEST REPORTS

Shop test shall show the result of required shop tests of materials,
equipment or systems certified in writing by the manufacturer or its
authorized representative.

Field test reports shall show the results of required tests and compliance
with approved procedures, certified by the contractor.

304.0 MATERIALS

304.1 Bars ASTM Grade 40, 40 Ksi (276MPa) for 10mm bars and above

304.2 Bars Supports: Comply with CRSI “Manual of Standard Practice”

1. Interior Concealed Areas: Class A “Bright Basic”

 2. Interior Exposed Areas: Class C “Plastic Protected”

3. Exposed Painted or
Concealed Protected: Class D “Stainless Steel”

4. Exterior Unpainted
Or Exposed Protected: Class E “Special Stainless”

304.3 Welded electrodes shall be in accordance with AWS D12

305.0 DETAILING FABRICATION

305.1 REINFORCEMENT

Provide concrete reinforcement made from billet steel and from dirt, rust,
oil and grease, and any other foreign substance that will decrease bonding
of concrete with steel reinforcement. Accurately bend or form fabricated
bars to the shapes and dimensions shown using method that will not
damage materials. Do not weld unless especially shown or approved by
the Construction Manager.

305.2 IDENTIFICATION

Bundle and tag reinforcement with suitable identifications to facilitate

sorting, transportation to, or storage and placing at the job site.

306.0 PLACING REINFORCEMENT

306.1 Reinforcement shall be installed as shown.

306.2 TOLERANCES

Maintain surfaces clearance dimensions shown; plus or minus 6mm.

Secure reinforcement with accessories and tie wire to prevent
displacement before and during concreting. Do not place concrete if bars
are not properly placed with adequate supports.

306.3 DOWELS

Secure in position prior to placing concrete.

307.0 SPLICES

307.1 Lap splices all bars up to no. 11 (36mm) in accordance with ACI 318
unless otherwise shown. Follow AWS D121 recommendations for welded
splices where shown.
308.0 REPAIR

308.1 Remove and replace damage bars as directed.

0500 CAST – IN – PLACE WORK

501.0 SCOPE OF WORK

501.1 Furnish all labor, materials, equipment, plant and other facilities to
complete the cast – in – place concrete as shown and hereinafter
specified.

501.2 All work under this division shall be subject to the General Conditions
companying these specifications. The Contractor and sub – contractor for
this portion of the work is required to refer especially thereto.

502.0 APPLICABLES CODES AND STANDARDS

502.1 ACI American Concrete Institute

211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting

Proportions for Normal Weight concrete

214 Recommended Practice for Evaluation

Of Compression Test Results of Field Concrete

301 Specifications for Structural

Concrete for Buildings

304 Recommended Practice for Measuring

And Placing Concrete

305 Recommended Practice for Hot

Weather Concreting

308 Recommended Practice for

Concrete

309 Recommended Practice for

Consolidation of Concrete

318 Building Code Requirements for

Reinforcing Concrete
502.3 ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

C31 Making and Curing Concrete Test

Specimen in the Field

C33 Concrete Aggregates

C39 Compressive Strength of Cylindrical

Concrete Specimens

C42 Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores

And Sowed Beams of Concrete

C94 Ready Mixed Concrete

C143 Slump of Portland Cement Concrete

C171 Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete

C172 Fresh Concrete Sampling

C309 Liquid Membrane – Forming Compounds for Curing

C494 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

C685 Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and

Continuous Mixing

D75 Sampling Aggregates

D596 Reporting Results for Analysis of Water

D1751 Performed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete

Paving and Structural Construction (Non-extruding
And Resilient Bituminous Types)

D1751 Performed Sponge Rubber and Cork Expansion Joint

Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural
Construction

E11 Wire Cloth Sieves for Testing Purpose

502.4 FS FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SS-C-1302 Concrete, Patching and Leveling Compound

 502.5 CE CORPS OF ENGINEERS

CRD-C400 Requirements for water use in

Misting or Curving Concrete

CRD-C513 Requirements for water use in

Misting or Curving Concrete
CRD-C513 Rubber Waterspots

CRD-C572 Polyvinylchloride Waterspots

CRD-C588 Expansive Grount

503.0 SUBMITTALS

503.1 Layout of Proposed Placement

503.2 Placement Schedule Proposed construction Joint Layout and Sequence of

Placement

503.3 Proposed curing Concrete

503.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

Proof of quality of manufacturer and reliability in field application. Such

proof will normally constitute evidence that the product/equipment has
been manufactured by them over a period and has established field
service record. It shall include installation locations, dates and years of
operating services. If there is no experience for an identical unit it may
relate to a similar unit by the same manufacturer.

503.5 SAMPLES

Samples of any material or product to be used in the works. They shall be

properly marked and accompanied by a letter of transmittal clearly listing
the samples, their intended use and locations in the works.

503.6 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

Certificate of Compliance shall include Material or Product Manufacturer’s

Statement that the supplied items or systems conform to the
Specifications.
 503.7 REPORTS

Shop fest shall show the results of required shop test of materials,
equipment or system certified in writing by the manufacturer or its
authorized representative.

Field Test Reports shall show the results of required field test and
compliance with approved procedures, certified by the Contractor.

504.0 TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING, STORAGE AND PROTECTION

504.1 CEMENT AND ADMIXTURES

Upon the delivery at site of work, cement and admixtures shall be stored
separately in dry, weathertight, properly ventilated structure with adequate
provision for prevention of absorption of moisture.

504.2 AGGREGATES

Comply with ACI 304, Chapter 2. Aggregates shall be stored in a manner

to assure good drainage, to preclude inclusion of foreign matte, and to
preserve the graduation. Fine aggregate shall be protected from wind-
caused segregation.

504.3 TEMPERATURE CONTROL

The Contractor shall provide facilities and procedures to control or reduce

the temperature of all material used in concrete mix during hot weather, to
such degree of temperature that when mixing the concrete the
temperature shall not exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

505.0 QUALITY CONTROL

505.1 SAMPLES AND TESTING

Samples from stock on the site be taken by the contractor in presence of

the Construction Manager.

1. Cement

Sampled cement shall be tested by the testing Laboratory. Certified copies

of laboratory test reports shall be furnished for each lot of cement and
shall include all test date, results and certification that the sampling and
testing procedures are in conformance with Contract Documents. No
cement that has been stored for more than four (4) months after being
 tested shall be tested before use. Cement found unsatisfactory under test
shall be immediately removed from the construction site.

2. Aggregates

Aggregates sampling shall conform to ASTM D75. Aggregates shall be

sampled and submitted to the Construction Manager for testing. No
aggregate shall be used until test results are satisfactory to the
Construction Manager.

3. Water

Water analysis shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D596.

4. Admixtures

Sampling and testing of all admixtures used in concrete mix shall be in

accordance with the standard procedure recommended by the testing
laboratory. No admixtures shall be used until test results are satisfactory.

505.2 CONCRETE TEST

1. During Placing Concrete

The Contractor shall provide three (3) sets of test specimen for test purposes
taken under the supervision of the Construction Manager from each 115 cubic
meter fraction thereof of each class of concrete placed. At least one (1) set of
test specimens for each class of concrete placed shall be provided in each
eight (8) hour shift. Samples shall be secured in accordance with ASTM
C172. Test specimens shall be made and cured in accordance with ASTM
C39 or ACI 214. Test specimen shall be evaluated for each class of concrete
specified in conformance with ACI 318, Chapter 4. Concrete Quality.
Specimen may be tests seven (7) days and 28 day strength of the concrete is
established.

2. Concrete Removed from the Structure

When the results of the strength test of specimen indicate deficiency in

specification requirements, core boring test shall be made in conformance
with ASTM C42. If deficiency is discovered, the Contractor may be allowed to
make load test at his expense, and results shall be evaluated in conformance
with ACI 318, Chapter 2.

3. Sample Concrete Panel

Sample concrete panel for exposed or painted concrete shall be constructed

and submitted for approval by the Construction Manager. The panel shall not
be less than 6ft by 4fh in size. Sample panel shall be constructed at an
 approved locations, not as a part of the structure and shall be protected until
acceptance of the complete concrete work. The approved sample shall be
representative of the smooth or textured concrete finish in the work.

506.0 MATERIALS

506.1 PORTLAND CEMENT

Only one (1) brand of any type of cement shall be used for exposed
concrete surfaced of any individual structure.

506.2 CONCRETE PATCHING COMPOUND

FS SS-1302, Type II, that can be painted without evidence of bleeding and
that after final set will be unaffected y high humidity and moisture.

506.3 AGGREGATES

Grading requirements shall conform with ASTM C33. Coarse aggregates

shall be well graded from fine to coarse within the prescribed limits of the
contract Documents.

1. Fine Aggregates

Fine aggregates shall consist of natural sand, manufactured sand or

combination of the two and shall composed of clean, hard and durable
spherical or cubical particles.

2. Coarse Aggregates

Coarse aggregates shall consist of crushed or uncrushed gravel, crushed

stone, or a combination thereof and shall be clean, hard, uncoated particles of
maximum nominal size 3/4in (19mm).

However, coarse aggregates of greater maximum size may be used provided

the requirements of ACI 318, Sec. 3.3.3 are met.

506.4 WATER

Water for washing aggregate and for mixing and curing concrete shall be
portable water (clean and free from injurious amount of oil, acid, salt,
alkali, organic matter, or other deleterious substances as determined by
CE CRD-C400). Chlorides and hardeners shall not exceed specified limits
of ASTM D512.
506.5 ADMIXTURES

Admixtures containing chloride ions, or other ions producing deleterious

effect shall not be used.

506.6 VAPOR BARRIER

Polythene sheeting conforming with ASTM E154 and mills thick as a

minimum.

506.7 GROUT

1. Damp Pack Bedding Grout

Mix of one (1) part Portland cement type 1 and iA parts of fine aggregate
proportioned by weight and more than 4-1/2gal of water per bag, 94lb of
cement.

2. Premixed, Non-Shrink, Non-Metallic Grout

“Masterflow 713” manufactured by Master Builders, “Euco-N.S.”

manufactured by Euclid Chemical Company; or an approved equal.

3. Expansion Grout

CE, CRD_C588, Type A or M, as required.

506.8 CURING MATERIALS

1. Impervious Sheeting

ASTM C171, type optional, except that Polythene sheeting shall be 4mm
minimum thickness, white opaque. In areas of high winds the impervious
sheeting shall not be used.

2. Burlap

Cloth made of jute or kenaf shall conform with AASHTO MI 82 and shall
weight a minimum of 0.06psf.

3. Membrane Forming Compound

ASTM C309, Type I, When non-pigmented compound isused, it shall contain

a fugitive dye.
 506.9 HARDENER

Floor hardener shall be a colorless aqueous solution containing not less

than 20 lb/gal of zinc and/or magnesium fluosilicate.

Grace “Saniscal 50” manufactured by Master Builders; “Lapidolith”

manufactured by Sonnebome-Contech; or an approval equal.

506.10 JOINT FILLERS

ASTM D1751, preformed resilient bituminous type or ASTM D1752,

preformed sponge rubber.

506.11 JOINT SEALANTS

ASTM D1.190, Hot-pour type. 506.12WATERSTOPS

1. Metallic

Copper conforming to ASTM B370, 20 ounce weight or stainless steel

conforming to ASTM A1 167, 0.037 in nominal thickness and 6 in wide.

2. Non-Metallic

CE-CRD-513 and CRD-572, iA in minimum thickness and 6 in wide.

506.12 ISOLATION JOINTS

As shown and detailed on the plans.

506.13 EXPANSION JOINTS

As shown and detailed on the plans.

507.0 CLASSES, USAGE, AND PROPORTIONING

507.1 Concrete of the various classes indicated and as required under other
section for different usage shall be proportioned and mixed by volumetric
batching and continuous mixing in accordance with ASTM C685.

507.2 RETARDER AGENT

Water reducing admixtures (plastic and retarder) may be used subject to

the approval of the construction Manager.
 507.3 TRIAL DESIGN BATCHES

Trial design batches for various classes required shall be the responsibility
of the Contractor. Trial mixtures having a proportions, consistencies and
air contents suitable for the work shall be made based on ACI 211.1, using
at least three (3) different water-cemented ratios, which will produce a
range of strength encompassing those, required for the work. Trial
mixtures shall be designed for maximum permitted slump and air content.
The temperature of concrete in each trial batch shall be reported. For each
water-cemented ratio at least three (3) strength shall be determined by
ACI 301, Chapter 3, paragraph 3.8 Method 1 or 2.

507.4 SLUMP

Slump for vibrated concrete shall minimum of 50mm to maximum of

100mm determined by ASTM C143.

508.0 BATCHING, MIXING, AND TRANSPORTING CONCRETE

508.1 BATCHPLANT

The plant shall be semi-automatic type and of sufficient capacity not to

impair the construction time scheduled. The semi-automatic plant is a
system where batching weights are set manually, and materials are batch
automatically.

1. Site-Mixed Concrete

Measuring tolerances, mixing capacity, and time shall be in accordance with

ACI 301, Chapter 7, paragraph 7.

508.2 TRUCK MIXERS

When a truck is used to complete mixing od central plant batched

materials, all water shall be added at mixing speed before completion of
mixing. Retempering of concrete will not be permitted. Each truck shall
carry a ticket stamped by time clock to show date and time the loading of
each truck was completed.

509.0 PLACING CONCRETE

509.1 SEQUENCE OF CONCRETE PLACEMENT

To control shrinkage effects placement of concrete for floors shall follow a

checkerboard pattern. Joint lines shall cross within middle third of beams,
girders, and short spans of slabs, unless otherwise allowed by the
Construction Manager.
509.2 PREPARATION FOR PLACING

Excavation of forms shall be clean, free of debris or foreign materials.

Reinforcement and embedded items shall be secured in position and shall
be inspected and approved before placing concrete. Runaways shall be
provided for wheeled concrete handling equipment; such equipment shall
not be wheeled over reinforcement nor shall runaways be supported on
reinforcement.

509.3 PLACING PROCEDURES

Concrete shall be delivered from central plant to place of final deposit in a

continuous manner in time interval specified and without segregation of
loss ingredients. Placing shall be suspended when the sun, heat, wind or
limitation of facilities furnished by the Contractor prevent proper finishing
and curing of the concrete. Concrete shall be placed in forms or
excavation as close as possible in final position, in uniform approximately
horizontal layers not be allowed to drop freely more than 5ft (1.50m) in
unexposed work nor 3ft (0.90m) in exposed work; for greater drops,
tremies or other approved means shall be employed. Conduits and pipes
shall not be embedded in concrete unless specifically indicated or
specified.

509.4 TRANSPORTATION TIME INTERVAL

Concrete mixed in central plant and transported by non-agitating

equipments shall be placed and transported in the forms within 120
minutes.

509.5 PLACING IN HOT WEATHER

Hot weather placing shall be in accordance with recommended Practice of

ACI 305, except that air temperature, reinforcement and form temperature
exceed 95 degree Fahrenheit, concreting shall be controlled as follows:

1. Concrete temperature during mixing, transporting, and placing shall not

exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit otherwise approved by the Construction
Manager.

2. Reinforcing steel and forms shall be protected from direct sun rays and
shall be cooled with water immediately before concrete placing so that
concrete temperature specified can be maintained.

3. When cold joints tends to form or where surfaces set aqnd dry too
rapidly or plastic shrinkage cracks tend to appear, concrete shall be
kept moist by fog sprays a[[lied shortly after placement and before
finishing.
 509.6 CONVEYING CONCRETE

Concrete may be conveyed by chute, conveyor, or pump if so approved by

the Construction Manager. Aluminum Chutes or pipelines shall not be
used in conveying concrete. Approvals will not be given for chutes or
conveyors requiring changes in the concrete design mix for desired
operation.

1. Chutes and Conveyors

Chutes shall be of steel lined wood, rounded in cross-section, rigid in

construction, protect from overflow and slopes not exceeding one (1)
vertical to thee (3) horizontal. Conveyors shall be designed to operate
assuring uniform flow of concrete without segregation of ingredients,
loss of mortar or change in slump.

2. Pumps

Placing concrete by pumping methods shall conform with ACI 304.

Pumps shall be operated and maintained so that at continuous stream
of concrete is delivered into the forms without air pockets, segregation,
or change in slump exceeding 2in.

509.7 PLACING THROUGH REINFORCEMENT

Where congestion of steel or other conditions make placing of concrete

difficult., a tremie pipe shall be used. Recommended placing and
consolidation practices shall conform to those outlined in ACI 304 and ACI
309.

510.0 COMPACTION

501.1 Immediately after placing, each layer of concrete shall be compacted by

internal concrete vibrations supplemented by hand spading, rodding, and
tamping. Tamping or other external vibration of forms will not be permitted.
Internal vibrators submerged in concrete shall maintain a minimum
frequency of not less than 8,000 vibrations per minute. The vibrating
equipment shall be adequate in quantity and capacity required and shall
conform to the requirements of ACI 309.

511.0 BONDING

511.1 Before depositing new concrete on or against concrete that has set, the
surfaces of the set concrete shall be thoroughly cleaned so as to expose
the coarse aggregates. Forms shall be retightened and all surfaces
moistened.
512.0 SLABS ON GRADE

512.1 Submerge under slabs within the building shall be covered with the vapor
barrier. Edges shall be lapped not less than 150mm and sealed with a
pressured sensitive tape, not less than 2in (50mm) wide, compatible with
the membrane. Concrete shall be placed continuously so that each unit of
operation will be monolithic in construction. Concrete shall be placed in
alternate checkerboard pattern terminating at crack control joints. Crack
control joints shall be expansion, control, or construction joints.

512.2 CONTROL JOINTS

Control joints shall be formed by the insertion of hard pressed fiberglass

strips inserted in the plastic concrete. The joints shall be 1/8in wide and
depth equal to approximately 1/4in of the slab thickness, unless otherwise
indicated on the drawings.

512.3 SEALING

Concrete joints shall be filled with the joint sealant except where floor
covering is required.

513.0 SETTING OF BASE PLATE

513.1 After being plumbed and properly positioned, base plates shall be
provided with full bearing with n0n-shrink grout except where expansive
grout indicated. The grout shall be packed by tamping or ramming with a
bar or rod until voids is completely filled. For clearances of 2in (50mm) or
more the expansive grout shall be provided. Mixing and placing shall be in
accordance with manufacturer’s instruction. Grout shall not be retempered
or subject to vibration. Temperature of the ground and the surfaces
receiving the grout shall not exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

514.0 SUSPENDEDSLAB

Suspended slab should be straight-to-finish. No topping shall be allowed without

the consent of the Structural Engineer.

515.0 CONCRETE FINISHES

515.1 FLOOR AND ROOF SLABS

Finished floor and roof slab surfaces shall be true place surfaces with 0
deviations in excess of Sin (200mm) when tested with a 10-foot (3.00m)
straight edge.
515.2 OTHER THAN FLOOR AND ROOF SLAB

Within 12 hours after forms are removed, surface defects shall be repaired
as specified hereinafter or as directed by the Construction Manager.
Temperature of the concrete, ambient air and mortar during repair work
including curing shall not exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Fine and loose
material shall be removed. Honeycomb, aggregate pockets, voids over
1.2in (12mm) in diameter and holes left by the rods or bolt wetted brush
coated with neat cement grout and filled with mortar. Holes shall be
packed full and all patchwork shall be damp cured for seven (7) days
minimum.

For surfaces which are not to receive architectural finish, the following
additional measures shall be taken.

The concrete shall receive smooth finish by brush coating surfaces with
cement grout composed by volume of one part Portland cement and not
more than two parts fine aggregates passing no. 30 mesh sieve and
mixed with water to the consistency of thick paint. Excess grout shall be
scraped off with a towel and the surface rubbed with burlap to remove any
visible grout film. The grout shall be kept damp by means of fog spray
during the setting period.

515.3 NON-SLIP FINISH

The concrete shall be screed and floated to the required finished level with
no coarse aggregate visible. Abrasive aggregate shall be uniformly
sprinkled over the floated surface at a rate recommended by the
manufacturer. The surface shall be then being steel troweled to a smooth,
even finish that is uniform in texture and appearance. Immediately after
curing, cement coating or laitance covering the abrasive aggregates shall
be removed by steel brushing, rubbing or light sand blasting to exposed
abrasive particles.

515.4 HARDENER

Portland cement, Type 1 7 days

1. Monolithic Finish

Slab shall be screed and floated with straight edge to bring the surface
to the required finish level with no coarse aggregate visible. The
concrete while still green but sufficiently hardened to bear a man’s
weight without deep imprint, shall be wood troweled to a smooth even
dense finish free from blemishes including trowel marks, rough
surfaces shall be provided for resilient flooring, thin-set ceramic tile,
carpeting and where no other finish is specified.
 2. Power Machine Finish (Option)

In lieu of hand finishing, an approved power finishing machine may be

used. The preparation of surfaces for finishing by machine shall be in
general as herein before specified for hand finishing.
Finished surfaces shall be free of machine marks, ridges or other
blemishes.

3. Rough Slab Finish

Tamp the concrete to force the aggregate away from the surface, then
screed with straight edge to produce a uniform surface. Rough slab
finish surfaces shall be provided for ceramic tile except thin-set
installation, quarry tile, floor toppings, insulation, built-up roofing of
terrazzo.

4. Broom Finish

The concrete shall be screed and floated to the required finish level
with no coarse aggregate visible. While concrete is still green, steel or
wood trowel to an even smooth finish and the broom with fiber bristle
brush in a direction transverse to that of the main traffic. Broom finish
surfaces shall be provided for driveways and ramps.

5. Wood Float

The preparation of surfaces shall be in general wherein force specified

for monolithic finish. While surfaces are still green, wood float to an
even textured surface.

Curing procedure shall conform with ACI 308 and ACI 305. During the
specified curing period, the concrete shall be maintained in a moist
condition at temperatures not over 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

0600 STRUCTURAL STEEL SPECIFICATIONS

601.0 MATERIAL

Structural steel, ASTM 36,248 MPa Tensile Strength, Cold-formed Welded and
Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes, ASTM A500.
Steel Structural Rivets, ASTM A502 Carbons Steel Bolts and Studs, ASTM A307,
414 MPa Tensile Strength Covered Carbon Steel Welding Electrodes, AWS A5
1.

602.0 STANDARD SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE

Welding and inspection symbols to be used in the plans and shop drawings shall
be the American Welding Society Symbols.
603.0 CAMBER

Trusses of 24 meters or greater span shall be cambered. Please refer to the

plans for details.

604.0 SHOP DRAWINGS

Shop drawings giving complete information, including the location, type and size
of welds, bolts and rivets, shall be submitted by the Contractor to the Structural
Engineer for approval, before fabrication. They shall be made in conformity with
the best practice and with due regard to speed and economy in fabrication and
erection.

605.0 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES

Dimensional tolerances shall be as permitted in the latest issue of the Code of

Standard Practice of the American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. (AISC)

606.0 SIZE AND USE OF HOLES

Standards holes shall be provided in member-to-member connections, unless

oversized, short slotted or long-slotted in bolted connections are approved by the
Structural Engineer. The Minimum edge distance and spacing as specified in Sec
5 of AISC Code should be complied with.

607.0 SHOP PAINTING

Unless otherwise specified, all steelwork shall be given one coat of shop paint,
aside from corrosion protection.

608.0 CORROSION PROTECTION

Structural components shall be protected against corrosion.

609.0 BRACING

Temporary bracing shall be provided, whenever necessary to take care of all

temporary loads to which the structure may be subjected, including equipment
and operation of the same. Such bracing shall be left in place a long as may be
required for safety.
610.0 QUALITY CONTROL

The Contractor shall provide quality control procedures to assure that all work is
performed according to this specification and standard industry practice. The
owner has the right to do inspection any time and may demand random tests of
critical items and materials. The cost of these tests will be incorporated by the
Contractor in his tender.

0700 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES

701.0 Do not drive piles damaged by handling, Deliver the driving blows square on the
axis of the pile.

702.0 Properly protect the pile head by the use of helmet and cushions (hardwood,
rope or any resilient materials).

703.0 Stop driving as soon as the penetration reaches the desired resistance. Consult
the Structural engineer for the stopping criteria.

704.0 A pile should be considered defective if

1. It is damaged by driving.

2. It is offline, or is bent of bowed along its strength. Any pile driven at

more than 75mm variation should be considered offline.

3. Penetration suddenly increases or becomes irregular.

Refer any defective pile to the structural engineer for corrective action.

705.0 Pile splicing method to be submitted by the pile contractor to the structural
engineer for approval. However, pile splicing is to be avoided as much as
possible.

706.0 LOAD TEST

706.1 One load is mandatory for every 500 piles, with a maximum of four for the
project. Results of the load test should be referred immediately to the
structural engineer to determine if the number of test pile should be
reduced or increased.

706.2 A rest period of at least three days should be allowed before application of
loads on test piles to permit the disturbed soil to retain most of its strength.
Otherwise, the test results erroneously low.

706.3 Load test will be according to ASTM D1194.

 706.4 The test pile will be considered satisfactory if

1. It is loaded twice the working load without any sign of pile distress.
2. The settlement from the start of loading to 40 hours after completion of
loading is not more than 0.26mm/KN of load.

706.5 To ensure pile concrete strength, test results of the same should be
submitted by the pile contractor for approval.

0400 CONCRETE FORMWORK

401.0 SCOPE OF WORK

401.1 Furnish all labor, materials, equipment, plant and other facilities to
complete the concrete formwork as shown and hereinafter specified.

401.2 All works under this division shall be subject to the General Conditions
accompanying these specifications. The Contractor and Sub-Contractor
are to refer especially thereto.

402.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS

402.1 The standards and codes applicable to only portion of the work specified
in this section are referenced and codes which are generally applicable to
the works of this section are listed hereinafter.

402.2 ACI American Concrete Institute

301 Specifications for Structural

Concrete for Buildings

318 Building Coode Requirement for

Reinforced Concrete

347 Recommended Practice for Concrete

Formwork (ANSI A145.1)

402.3 ANSI American National Standards Institute, Inc.

A199 1 Construction and Industrial Plywood

402.4 Timber Design Standards Philippine Institute of

Civil Engineer (PICE)
403.0 SUBMITTALS

403.1 Detail Drawings and Shop Drawings for all parts of the work in sufficient
detail to enable the Construction Manager to check conformity with the
Contract Requirements. Drawings shall show the details and dimensions
of all component parts including plan and elevation views, cross sections
and details.

404.0 QUALITY CONTROL

404.1 CONSTRUCTION

Construct formwork so that concrete surfaces comply with ACT 347,

Chapter 2 and 3.

404.2 HYDRAULIC PRESSURE

The maximum allowable deflection of forming surfaces from concrete

pressures is L/360 (length divided by 360) between supports.

405.0 MATERIALS

405.1 FORMWORK MATERIALS

Unless otherwise shown, form shall be one of the following:

1. Plywood: ANSI A199.1 minimum 19mm thick.

2. Form Lumber

3. Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic

4. Steel

405.2 BLOCKOUTS AND KEYWAYS

Wood or extruded expanded polystyrene

405.3 TIES

Bolt of standard snap ties for snap off 25mm from surfaces with minimum
working capacity of 3000lb. Maximum size cones shall be 19mm in
diameter.

405.4 CHAMFER STRIPS

Wood, polyvinyl, chloride or neoprene.

 405.5 DOVETAIL ANCHOR SLOTS

Standard size, gauged 20 galvanized steel with removable filler install for
abutting masonry and at 24in (600mm) o.c. for facing masonry where
shown.

405.6 FLASHING REGLETS

Gauged 25 galvanized sheet, with removable fillet and beveled edge.

405.7 ANCHORING INSERTS

Approved propriety type inserts for the load capacity and use shown.

405.8 FABRICATED EMBEDMENTS

Install only as shown and as specified.

405.9 FORM RELEASE

Non-staining, non-reactive rust preventive, guaranteed not to affect bond

subsequent surface applicable to concrete.

406.0 FABRICATION AND ERACTION

406.1 FORMS

Design, construct, erect, support, brace, maintain and remove forms in

conformance with the requirements of ACI 318 part 1, 2 and 3 inclusive
and ACI 347 for loads, lateral pressure and allowable stresses; in addition
to other design parameters such as wind loads.

406.2 SHORES

Shores shall be adjustable by screw jacks or wedges.

406.3 PREPARATION OF FORM

Clean forms before each use. All steel forms shall be free of rust and
scale.

406.4 FORM RE – USE

The number of re-uses is dependent on the resulting finish quality and is

subject to approval.
 406.5 FORM JOINTS

Forms shall be butted tight.

406.6 CLEANOUTS

Where specified camber is noted, position the forms to maintain hardened

concrete lines within specified tolerances measured of camber lines.
Camber is to be maintained as noted plus or minus 3mm until shoring is
removed.

406.7 FORM RELEASES

Coat removable forms with form release agent before reinforcing is placed
and in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Remove release
agent from reinforcing steel embedment’s with solvent recommended by
the manufacturer.

407.0 STRIPPING AND RESHORING

407.1 GENRAL

Do not remove forms or shoring until the concrete members have acquired
sufficient strength to support their weight and subsequent construction
loads without deflection. Forms shall be removed in a manner to assure
safety of the structure.

407.2 TIME

Forms and support shall remain in place until the concrete has attained
sufficient strength to support the loads to be applied, but in case shall they
be stripped in less than the following minimum periods.

Foundation 24 hours
Columns 2 days
Walls 2 days
Sides of Beams and Girders 2 days
Floor Slabs 14 days
Shoring for Beams and Girders 14 days
Beams and Girders 14 days

407.3 RESHORE

Reshore immediately after stripping slabs, beams and girders that support
subsequent formwork. Retain reshores for as many levels as required to
combine the liveload capacities of cured floors to support the loads of the
subsequent fresh construction loads. Reshore a minimum of two (2)
consecutive levels.