ROPE HAULAGE

Types of Rope Haulage

1)Direct rope haulage
a)Single drum direct rope haulage
b)Double drum direct rope haulage
2)Main & tail rope haulage
3)Endless rope haulage
a)Under rope endless rope haulage
b)Over rope endless rope haulage
4)Gravity rope haulage

1)Direct Rope Haulage

a)Single Drums Direct Rope Haulage: This is simplest system of rope
haulage. It consists of one track, one rope & one drum which are connected
to a motor through gears. One end of the rope is connected with the train of
tubs on the track & another end of the rope is connected to the drum. When
the drum rotates situated at the top of the incline, the loaded tubs moves
upwards. But for the downward journey of the empty tubs it does not require
any power because a tub moves downward due to their own weight. The
system can be on inclines steeper than 1 in 12 & the speed of the haulage is
8 – 12 kmph.
Advantages of Single Drum Direct Rope Haulage
1)Simple in operation.
2)Only one brake is required.
3)Extension is easy.
4)Branched roads can also be served, if gradient is suitable.
5)Can be used in narrow roads.
Disadvantages of Single Drum Direct Rope Haulage
1)High power demands for upper journey of loaded tubs.
2)Efficient breaking system required for downward journey.
3)High speed haulage demands more maintenance of track.
4)Cannot be used for less incline roadways.
5)A derailment is associated with heavy damages.
6)Due to high speed more dust, more wear & tear.

b)Double Drum Direct Rope Haulage: It consists of two drums, two ropes
& two tracks but only one driving motor. One end of each rope is connected
with two drums & another end of rope is connected with the set of tubs. In
such a way that when one set of tub is at incline top, the other set is at
incline bottom. The two drums are connected with each other. When drum
rotates, the rope coils on one drum & uncoils from another drum. It can be
used if inclination is more than 1 in 12. The speed of the system is 8 to 12
kmph.
Advantages of Double Drum Direct Rope Haulage
1)Higher output.
2)Less power demand.
3)Branched roads can also be served, if gradient is suitable.
Disadvantages of Double Drum Direct Rope Haulage
1)Wider roads required.
2)Efficient breaking system required for downward journey.
3)High speed haulage demands more maintenance of track.
4)Cannot be used for less incline roadways.
5)A derailment is associated with heavy damages.
6)Due to high speed more dust, more wear & tear.

2)Main & Tail Rope Haulage: In this system the haulage engine provided
with two separate drums, one for main rope which hauls the loaded tubs up
the gradient & one for tail rope which hauls the empty tubs down the
gradient. When one drum is in gear, the other drum revolves freely but
controlled. The main rope is approximately equal to the length of the incline
& tail rope is twice this length. The system can be used if the gradient is
unsuitable for the use of direct rope haulage. Its speed is 15 – 18 kmph.
Advantages of Main & Tail Rope Haulage
1)Can be used on less inclined & undulating roadways.
2)Branch roadways can be served.
3)Only one track is required.
4)Less number of tubs is required.
Disadvantages of Main & Tail Rope Haulage
1)Due to high speed more dust, more wear & tear, more maintenance.
2)Derailment causes high damage due to high speed.
3)More power is required than the endless rope haulage.

3)Endless Rope Haulage: This system consists of double track, one driving
pulley & one return pulley. An endless rope passes from the driving pulley
which is situated at the inby end & back again to the driving pulley. One
track is used for loaded tubs & another track is used for empty tubs. Rope
moves in one direction only with the speed of 3-7 kmph. Only one train of
tubs is attached to the rope at a time but some times a set of tubs can be
attached to the rope. The system is used where the gradient is less,
generally less than 1:12 or where the ground is undulating. A squirrel cage
motor is commonly employed.
a)Under Rope Endless Rope Haulage: If the rope passes below the tubs,
it is known as under rope endless rope haulage. In this system there is more
wear & tear to this rope but also there is an advantage that there is more
direct pull on the tubs.
b)Over Rope Endless Rope Haulage: If the rope passes over the tubs, it is
known as over rope endless rope haulage. In this system rope is unaffected
by wet floor & liable to wear & tear. The rope is at better working height & a
system is generally used for undulating roadways.
Advantages of Endless Haulage
1)Because of slow speed, less wear & tear to the tub wheel & track.
2)Less maintenance is required.
3)Accidents do not cause much damage.
4)Less motor power required.
5)Continuous flow of mineral or coal is attained.
Disadvantages of Endless Haulage
1)It requires wider roads.
2)Not suitable for Steeper gradient.
3)Load on the rope is large hence a rope of large cross section require.
4)Large number of tubs & clips are required.
5)It cannot serve a branch road.
6)Extension is not simple.
7)Minor injuries to hands & feet are common.

Driving Pulley or Surge Wheel

Types of Driving Pulley & Surge Wheel
1)Clifton pulley.
2)V-grooved pulley.
3)Fouler’s pulley.
1)Clifton Pulley: This pulley has tapered throat lining of renewable cast iron
or soft steel segment having a taper of about 1 in 8. These segments are
bolting to the rim to protect the main pulley from wear. The rope is coiled
several times (3 ½ - 4 ½) around the pulley & it enters the pulley at larger
diameter & leave the pulley at smaller diameter. This pulley is commonly
used in mines in endless haulages.
2)V-Grooved Pulley: This pulley consists of two segments made of
renewable cast iron or soft steel. These segments are bolted to the main
pulley in ‘V’ shape. The rope takes only a half turned around the pulley &
takes the necessary grip by becoming wedged between the two inclined
segments. The grip on the rope is directly proportional to the tension in the
rope.
3)Fouler’s Pulley: It consist of number of bell shaped pivoted segments
made of renewable cast iron or soft steel. These segments are pivoted to the
main pulley as shown in figure, the pressure of the rope on bottom of the
segment towards each other so that they grip the rope in proportion to its
tension.