Shri G.

S Institute of Technology and Science

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Digital Electronics

(EC25554)
SESSION JAN-JUNE 2019
A Report on
“DESIGNING OF 4 X 1 MULTIPLEXER”

Submitted to :- Submitted by

Prof. Amit Naik Kushal Seth - 0801EC171047 (Group Leader)

Atharva Bhale - 0801EC171017
Praveen Kumawat - 0801EC171060
 Acknowledgement

We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to Prof. Amit Naik
for their exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of
this report.

We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to all the teachers of SGSITS,
for their cordial support, valuable information and guidance, which helped us in completing this
task through various stages.

Lastly, we thank almighty, our parents and friends for their constant encouragement without
which this assignment would not be possible.
Although there may be many who remain unacknowledged in this humble note of gratitude but
there are none who remain unappreciated.
 Certificate

This is to be certified that the report entitled “DESIGNING OF 4 X 1 MULTIPLEXER”

is an original work carried out by Kushal Seth , Atharva Bhale and Praveen Kumawat in partial
fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering of the SGSITS college, Indore
during the year 2018-19. The report been approved as it satisfy the academic requirement and the
students have worked under my guidance as directed.
 INDEX

 Introduction
 Designing of a Multiplexer (MUX)
 Block diagram of a Multiplexer:-
 General Block diagram of a MUX
 4 X 1 Block diagram of a MUX
 Advantages of designing with Multiplexer
 Application of Multiplexer
 Circuit Diagram of 4 X1 Multiplexer
 Circuit implemented / Stimulated on Software (Proteus)
 Inputs Provided and Output Received for the given circuit :-
 Result
 Time diagram for the given circuit
 Conclusion
 Bibliography
 Introduction

This assignment is a circuit implementation of “4 X 1 MULTIPLEXER”

and so let us understand it in parts.

Digital circuits are classified as:

1. Combinational circuit
2. Sequential circuit
Distinction between two combinational circuits is one whose outputs depends only on the present
value of the input(s) being independent of the of the past history of the input(s).
The sequential circuit is on the other hand is a circuit whose output(s) not only depend on the
present value of the input but also depend on the past history of the input(s). So we can say that
combinational circuit should not contain any memory element (device which can store some
earlier information) where as the sequential circuit contains at least one memory element.

The input–output relationship: Zi (k) = fj {x1 (tk), x2 (tk),. . . xn (tk)} ……. Eq(i)
i = 1, 2, . . . m
j = 1, 2, . . . n
as input and output may not be always same.
Sj determines the nature of the function.

The behavior of a combinational circuit is described by the output function as given by above
equation Eq (i) whereas in sequential circuit some output is fed back to the input. In sequential
circuit we get two types of outputs. Zi {tk} is called the output function and the other yi {tk} is
called the state function.
Zi (tk) = gi {x1{tk} … xu{tk}; y1{tk} … ys {tk} ……. Eq . (ii)
where i varies from 1 to v.
So we have u number of outputs.
And yj (tk) = hj {x1{tk} … xu{tk}; y1{tk} … ys {tk} ……. Eq . (iii)
where j = 1, 2 … s
 Designing of a Multiplexer :-

Multiplexer is a special type of combinational circuit. This includes large memory array,
complex microprocessor, and microcomputer chips. Type of multiplexer or a data selector is a
very important special combinational circuit (made with MSI devices) with gate complexity of
MSI devices. Generally a (n : 1) multiplexer or a data selector contains the following
1. n number of inputs of the multiplexer
2. only one output of the multiplexer
3. m select/Address lines
4. one strobe/enable input (optional)

General Block diagram of a Multiplexer :-

All inputs and outputs should be purely logical or binary input. For n : 1 multiplexer , each input
will be selected at the single output at any instant of time, depends upon the input applied to the
select/address inputs. Switching circuit connects a particular input to the output. Here m and n
are related by 2^m = n So for a 4 : 1 multiplexer, the number of inputs is 4 and m = 2 (2^2 = 4).
Let us consider, a 4 : 1 multiplexer having 4 inputs, 2 select lines, one output one strobe inputs.
Strobe inputs should be grounded for enabling the multiplexer and can perform its intended
function. Commercial multiplexers will be 2 : 1, 4 : 1, 8 : 1, 16 : 1, ….
m = 1, m = 2, m = 3, m = 4
The corresponding function of the multiplexer can be verified using the data given in Table

Block diagram of a 4 X 1 Multiplexer :-

Multiplexers are also considered as many to one device (cable TV channels) that is out of
manyinputs, we select only one input at a time at the output, G = 0 always for enabling the
multiplexer. If G = 1, whatever be the value of S1 and S0, the output is always 0. By observing
the truth table of 4:1 multiplexers, the logical expression for the output of the multiplexer can be
written as:
That is when the strobe input is connected to the logical high voltage or logical = 1, the
multiplexer is not enabled that is disabled and cannot perform. So, the G input has to be
connected to the ground always to enable the multiplexer.

Advantages of Designing with Multiplexer :-

1. The given logic function or the truth table need number to be minimized that is the
minimization of the logic function or truth table is not required.
2. Logic design is simplified.
3. It reduces the IC package-count as only 1 IC instead of 4 ICs are required for FA.
4. The layout of the circuit is simpler.
5. It requires less number of wiring or interconnection.
6. Cost of realization is minimum.
7. Reliability of designing with MUX is more.
Application of a Multiplexer :-
1. It can be used to realize any given LF and TT without minimizing it.
2. It can be used as a universal logic gate.
3. It can be used for parallel to serial converter.
4. It can be used for the design of the sequence generator.
By cascading lower order multiplexer we can realize higher order multiplexers. This is called
multiplexer tree. Realize 4 : 1 multiplexer by using 2 : 1 multiplexers and other gates required (if
any)
 Application of Multiplexer

Circuit Diagram of 4 X 1 Multiplexer

Circuit implemented / Stimulated on Software (Proteus)
Inputs Provided and Output Received for the given circuit :-
Result :-
 Time Diagram for the given circuit :-
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Foundation-of-digital-electronics-and-logic-design-2014
2.Electronic Devices and Circuits by Jacob Millman& Christos C. Halkias.
3.www.allaboutcircuits.com
4. www.electronicsforu.com
5. www.google.com/wiki