Av Ifao Thesis Final Report

-
June 138th, 2018 IFAO Cover Crops

Final Report
For the Innovative Farmers
Association of Ontario
PREPARED BY PV GEOMATICS FOR MS. JACQUI

EMPSON LAPORTE, (OMAFRA) AND FOR
NIAGARA COLLEGE
Letter of Transmittal
June 13th, 2018
Project No: 4785-2
PV Geomatics
135 Taylor Road
Niagara-On-the-Lake, L0S 1J0
Ms. Jacqui Empson-Laporte
Environmental Specialist
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Farms and Rural Affairs
100 Don St.
Clinton, ON N0M 1L0
Dear Ms. Empson-Laporte,

RE: Submission of Crop Odyssey Final Report
Please accept this document as PV Geomatics’ formal submission for the project Cover Crops: Crop
Odyssey project put forth by the Innovative Farmers Association of Ontario.
PV Geomatics has assembled this final report for your assessment regarding our completion of the
project and submission of the final deliverable. Through this report we have summarized:
 Proposed verses actual hours and budget allocated to each task
 Review the initial project and associated objectives
 Updates on previous qualities and features of the project
 Methodologies and major tasks
 Features of the final product created
 Project challenges and risk management
The project has been completed as of June 8th, and this summary report has been established as of
June 13th, 2018. The final cost of the project was at cost $26001 (Calculated for educational purposes
only). A completed portal, made using ESRI Crowdsourced Story Maps is up and running, ready to
be turned over to you to establish this project’s completion. We will be in touch with you this week
regarding the transfer of the story map/ web app using ArcGIS Online Assistant.
Should you require any information or have any further questions regarding the enclosed document
please contact me at your convenience by email at andrewvsetula32@gmail.com or by phone at 519-
784-5974.
Sincerely,
Andrew Vsetula, B.A., P.G. GIS GM

Project Manager, PV Geomatics
AV/hp
Attached: 10-Cover Crops: Crop Odyssey Final Report.
Cover Crops: Crop Odyssey Anonymous Project

June 138th, 2018 Project No: 4785-2
cc: Janet Finlay, Niagara College, Project Advisor
June 8th 2018

Project No: 4785-2
PV Geomatics
135 Taylor Road
Niagara-On-the-Lake, L0S 1J0
Ms. Jacqui Empson-Laporte
Environmental Specialist
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Farms and Rural Affairs
100 Don St.
Clinton, ON N0M 1L0
Dear Ms. Empson-Laporte,

RE: Submission of Crop Odyssey Final Report
Please accept this document as PV Geomatics’ formal submission for the proposed project titled
“Crop Odyssey”, put forth by the Innovative Farmers Association of Ontario.
PV Geomatics has assembled this progress report for your assessment regarding our current progress
for the project. We highlight
 Proposed verses actual hours and budget allocated to each task
 Review the initial proposal and restate the objectives
 The features of the final productid created
The project has been completed as of June 8th, 2018 and cost $59,935. A completed portal, made
using ESRI Crowdsourced Story Maps is up and running, ready to be turned over to the client.
Should you require any information or have any further questions regarding the enclosed document
please contact me at your convenience by email at haydenpolski@gmail.com or by phone at 519-
841-4151. Thank you for taking time to consider our proposal.
Sincerely,
Hayden A Polski, B.Sc.

Project Manager, PV Geomatics
HP/av
Attached: Proposal for a “Cover Crops Anonymous” Portal.
cc: Janet Finlay, Niagara College, Project Advisor Commented [U1]: Update your footer – the date is
incorrect

Executive Summary
Cover crops are plants grown not for profit, but for improvement of field conditions and attempting Formatted: Font color: Auto
to increase the overall productivity of the field. Maintaining soil and nutrients by minimizing erosion
can have positive impacts, both economically and environmentally. Despite the potential benefits
related to the use of cover crops, the practice is not widely implemented in agricultural practices in
Ontario. Agricultural land types vary greatly throughout Ontario based on soil conditions (drainage,
biomass content, moisture), climate and crop types produced. Each field may require a different set
of conditions to attain maximum yield and, given the lack of information on cover crops, it can be
difficult for an interested individual to implement the practice.
This project focuses on helping to inform individuals involved in the agriculture industry about the
potential benefits of cover crops, if utilized and managed correctly. An online, interactive portal will
be created for the storage of, and access to information as it relates to cover crops.
The primary deliverable associated with this project is a functional online portal. It takes the form of
an ESRI Crowdsource Story Map, which can be accessed by anyone with a link to the web page.
From here, previous entries can be viewed and anyone can contribute their own data to the map. The
data can be edited and processed using the ESRI ArcMap Online function, using the data to create
tables and charts based on the input.
This project has been carried out by PV Geomatics in association with Niagara College. Both Team
members Andrew Vsetula, and Hayden Polski participated as project manager and project analyst
for different sections of the project. They have utilized ESRI’s ArcMap, ArcCatalog, Microsoft
Office, Ag Maps and other online resources to complete the project. Both team members were also
required to participate in online courses for ArcGIS online web app building in order to gain the
skills necessary to complete the project.
The project Cover crops are plants grown not for profit, but for improvement of field conditions and
attempting to increase the overall productivity of the field. Maintaining soil and nutrients by
minimizing erosion can have positive impacts, both economically and environmentally. Despite the
potential benefits related to the use of cover crops, the practice is not widely implemented in
agricultural practices in Ontario. Agricultural land types vary greatly throughout Ontario based on
soil conditions (drainage, biomass content, moisture), climate and crop types produced. Each field
may require a different set of conditions to attain maximum yield and, given the lack of information
on cover crops, it can be difficult for an interested individual to implement the practice.
This project focuses on helping to inform individuals involved in the agriculture industry about the
potential benefits of cover crops, if utilized and managed correctly. An online, interactive portal will
be created for the storage of, and access to information as it relates to cover crops.
The primary deliverable associated with this project is a functional online portal. It takes the form of
an ESRI Crowdsource Story Map, which can be accessed by anyone with a link to the web page.
From here, previous entries can be viewed and anyone can contribute their own data to the map. The
I
data can be edited and processed using the ESRI ArcMap Online function, using the data to create
tables and charts based on the input.
The project will be carried out by PV Geomatics in association with Niagara College, whom will
assign a Project Manager and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analyst to the project team.
They will utilize ESRI’s ArcMap, ArcCatalog, Microsoft Office, Ag Maps and other online resources
to complete the project. Both team members may be required to undertake additional courses to learn
how to best complete project objectives.
The project is set to end on June 4thwWas completed on June 8th 2018, 2018 with the submission of
a final report and the completed por, including the creation of a presentationtal. Project work will
be carried out primarily in the Niagara College Post Graduate Computer Lab at the Gelenridge
Campus, Room E308. The estimated final cost of the project wasis $59,935 and the actual final cost
came to $26,001 (The project costs have beenare calculated for educational purposes only. All
development work is being donated by members of PV geomatics and Niagara College).The). The
project is complete as of June 8th, coming in at $26,001 and 231 hours of work.
II
Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Background................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Cover Crops ...................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Literature Review ......................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Project Understanding: ................................................................................................................................. 6
3.1 Problem/ Opportunity: ............................................................................................................................ 6
3.2 Project Purpose ....................................................................................................................................... 6
3.3 Project Benefits ....................................................................................................................................... 7
3.4 Project Study Area .................................................................................................................................. 7
4. Goal and Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 109
5. Project Team ........................................................................................................................................... 1210
5.1 Team Members ................................................................................................................................. 1210
6. Summary of Major Project Tasks and Methodology .............................................................................. 1311
6.1 Project Understanding (Phase 1)....................................................................................................... 1513
6.1.1 Detailed Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 1513
6.1.2 Understanding Ag Maps ................................................................................................................ 1513
6.1.3 Cover Crop Research ..................................................................................................................... 1614
6.2 Data Analysis (Phase 2) .................................................................................................................... 1614
6.2.1 Classify Data .................................................................................................................................. 1714
6.2.1.1 Classify Based on Environment Conditions ........................................................................... 1815
6.2.1.2 Classify based on Cover Crop Type ....................................................................................... 1815
6.2.1.3 Classify Based on Plot Size .................................................................................................... 1816
6.3 Programming (Phase 3) .................................................................................................................... 1916
6.3.1 Software Establishment ................................................................................................................. 1916
6.3.2 Understanding Programming Requirements .................................................................................. 2017
6.3.2.1 Learn Required Languages and Software ............................................................................... 2017
6.3.3 Begin Portal Creation..................................................................................................................... 2118
6.3.3.1 Search Features ....................................................................................................................... 2118
6.3.3.2 Data Entry Forms .................................................................................................................... 2219
6.4 Data Assemblage and Portal Creation (Phase 4) .............................................................................. 2219
6.4.1 Data Assemblage ........................................................................................................................... 2219
III
6.4.1.1 Accounts, Data Entry, Search, Forum, Automated Email ...................................................... 2320
6.4.2 Link to Ag Maps ............................................................................................................................ 2320
6.4.2.1 Teleconferences ...................................................................................................................... 2420
6.4.3 Populate Database .......................................................................................................................... 2520
6.5 Final Product and Report (Phase 5) .................................................................................................. 2521
6.5.1 Troubleshoot for Errors ................................................................................................................. 2521
6.5.2 Final Details of Portal .................................................................................................................... 2621
6.5.3 Final Report and Presentation Creation ......................................................................................... 2622
6.6 Project Management ......................................................................................................................... 2722
7. Project Resources .................................................................................................................................... 2923
8. Schedule .................................................................................................................................................. 3124
9. Final Budget............................................................................................................................................ 3527
10. Project Risks and Management............................................................................................................. 3829
11: Project Deliverable ............................................................................................................................... 4031
12. Project Development............................................................................................................................. 4132
13. Project Challenges ................................................................................................................................ 4233
14. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 4334
15. Recommendations ................................................................................................................................. 4435
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Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 4637 +Body (Calibri), Check spelling and grammar
Appendices ....................................................................................................................................................... 0 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
+Body (Calibri), Check spelling and grammar
Appendix A: Terms of Reference ................................................................................................................. 1
Appendix B: Work Breakdown Structure ..................................................................................................... 3 +Body (Calibri), Check spelling and grammar
Appendix C: Gant Chart ............................................................................................................................... 4 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
Appendix D: Project Overview Statement .................................................................................................... 5
Appendix E: Data Classification................................................................................................................... 9 +Body (Calibri), Not Bold, Check spelling and grammar
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
+Body (Calibri), Not Bold, Check spelling and grammar
1.1 Project Background ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Cover Crops ....................................................................................................................................... 1 +Body (Calibri), Check spelling and grammar
2. Literature Review .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
3. Project Understanding: ................................................................................................................................. 5
3.1 Problem/ Opportunity: ........................................................................................................................... 5 +Body (Calibri), Check spelling and grammar
3.2 Project Purpose....................................................................................................................................... 5 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
3.3 Project Benefits ....................................................................................................................................... 6
3.4 Project Study Area .................................................................................................................................. 6 +Body (Calibri), Check spelling and grammar
IV
4. Goal and Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
5. Project Team ................................................................................................................................................. 9
5.1 Team Members ....................................................................................................................................... 9 +Body (Calibri), Not Bold, Check spelling and grammar
6. Summary of Major Project Tasks and Methodology .................................................................................. 10 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
6.1 Project Understanding (Phase 1) .......................................................................................................... 12
6.1.1 Detailed Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 12 +Body (Calibri), Not Bold, Check spelling and grammar
6.1.2 Understanding Ag Maps .................................................................................................................... 12 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
6.1.3 Cover Crop Research.......................................................................................................................... 13
6.2 Data Analysis (Phase 2) ......................................................................................................................... 13 +Body (Calibri), Check spelling and grammar
6.2.1 Classify Data ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Formatted ...
6.2.1.1 Classify Based on Environment Conditions................................................................................. 14 Formatted ...
6.2.1.2 Classify based on Cover Crop Type ............................................................................................. 14 Formatted ...
6.2.1.3 Classify Based on Plot Size .......................................................................................................... 15 Formatted ...

Formatted ...
6.3 Programming (Phase 3) ........................................................................................................................ 15
Formatted ...
6.3.1 Software Establishment ..................................................................................................................... 15
Formatted ...
6.3.2 Understanding Programming Requirements ..................................................................................... 15
Formatted ...
6.3.2.1 Learn Required Languages and Software ................................................................................... 16 Formatted ...
6.3.3 Begin Portal Creation ......................................................................................................................... 16 Formatted ...
6.3.3.1 Search Features .......................................................................................................................... 17 Formatted ...
6.3.3.2 Data Entry Forms ........................................................................................................................ 17 Formatted ...
6.4 Data Assemblage and Portal Creation (Phase 4) .................................................................................. 18 Formatted ...
Formatted ...
6.4.1 Data Assemblage ............................................................................................................................... 18
Formatted ...
6.4.1.1 Accounts, Data Entry, Search, Forum, Automated Email ........................................................... 18
Formatted ...
6.4.2 Link to Ag Maps ................................................................................................................................. 18
Formatted ...
6.4.2.1 Teleconferences .......................................................................................................................... 19 Formatted ...
6.4.3 Populate Database ............................................................................................................................. 19 Formatted ...
6.5 Final Product and Report (Phase 5) ...................................................................................................... 19 Formatted ...
6.5.1 Troubleshoot for Errors ..................................................................................................................... 19 Formatted ...
6.5.2 Final Details of Portal ......................................................................................................................... 20 Formatted ...

Formatted ...
6.5.3 Final Report and Presentation Creation ............................................................................................ 20
Formatted ...
6.6 Project Management ............................................................................................................................ 20
Formatted ...
7. Project Resources ....................................................................................................................................... 22
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8. Schedule ...................................................................................................................................................... 23 Formatted ...
9. Revised Cost Estimate/Budget .................................................................................................................... 25 Formatted ...
V
10. Project Risks and Management ................................................................................................................ 29 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
11: Project Deliverable.................................................................................................................................... 31
12. Project Challenges .................................................................................................................................... 32 +Body (Calibri), Not Bold, Check spelling and grammar
13. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 33 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
14. Recommendations .................................................................................................................................... 34
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................... 36 +Body (Calibri), Not Bold, Check spelling and grammar
Appendices ....................................................................................................................................................... 0 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
Appendix A: Terms of Reference .................................................................................................................. 1
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
Appendix B: Work Breakdown Structure ...................................................................................................... 3 and grammar
Appendix C: Gant Chart ................................................................................................................................ 4 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: (Default)
Appendix D: Project Overview Statement .................................................................................................... 5
Appendix E: Data Classification .................................................................................................................... 9 +Body (Calibri), Check spelling and grammar
VI
List of Figures
Figure 1: Alfalfa Planted between Corns (Verhallen , Hayes, & Taylor, 2012)) ............................................. 32
Figure 2: Rye being used as a wind strip to minimize wind erosion (Verhallen , Hayes, & Taylor, 2012) ...... 43
Figure 3 Grass cover crop after growth (Vsetula, 2018) ................................................................................... 4
Figure 4: Ag Maps Cover Crop Test Area Image (OMAFRA, 2017) ................................................................. 98
Figure 5: Proposed Project Structure (Work Breakdown Structure). ......................................................... 1513
Figure 6: Sample from classified data table................................................................................................ 1715
Figure 7: Proposed Hours per Task ............................................................................................................. 3326
Figure 8: Actual Hours Spent per Phase ..................................................................................................... 3326
Figure 9: Proposed vs Actual Hours per Task ............................................................................................. 3527
Figure 10: Proposed and Actual Budget Comparison ................................................................................. 3728
Figure 11: Proposed vs Actual Budget by Phases that have been started ................................................. 3829
Figure 12: Crop Odyssey: Ontario Cover Crops Portal ................................................................................ 4031
Figure 1: Alfalfa Planted between Corns (Verhallen , Hayes, & Taylor, 2012)) ............................................... 2 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
Figure 2: Rye being used as a wind strip to minimize wind erosion (Verhallen , Hayes, & Taylor, 2012) ........ 3 and grammar
Figure 3: Ag Maps Cover Crop Test Area Image (OMAFRA, 2017) ................................................................... 7 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
Figure 4: Proposed Project Structure (Work Breakdown Structure). ............................................................. 11 and grammar
Figure 5: Sample from classified data table.................................................................................................... 14 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
Figure 6: Actual Hours Spent per Phase ......................................................................................................... 25 and grammar
Figure 7: Proposed Hours per Task ................................................................................................................. 25 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, English (Canada),
Figure 8: Proposed vs Actual Hours per Task ................................................................................................. 26 Check spelling and grammar
Figure 9: Proposed and Actual Budget Comparison ....................................................................................... 28 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
Figure 10: Proposed vs Actual Budget by Phases that have been started ..................................................... 29 and grammar
Figure 11: Crop Odyssey: Ontario Cover Crops Portal .................................................................................... 31 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
and grammar
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
List of Tables
and grammar
Table 1: Project Benefits ................................................................................................................................. 76 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
Table 2: Detailed Literature Review Information ....................................................................................... 1512 and grammar
Table 3: Understanding Ag Map Information ............................................................................................. 1612 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
Table 4: Cover Crop Research Information................................................................................................. 1613 and grammar
Table 5: Classify Data Information .............................................................................................................. 1814 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
Table 6: Software Establishment Information ............................................................................................ 1915 and grammar
Table 7: Understanding Programming Requirements Information ............................................................ 2016 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
Table 8: Begin Portal Creation Information ................................................................................................ 2117 and grammar
Table 9: Portal Creation: Data Entry Information ...................................................................................... 2218 Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Check spelling
Table 10: Data Assemblage Information .................................................................................................... 2318 and grammar
Table 11: Link to Ag Maps Information ...................................................................................................... 2319
Table 12: Populate Database Information .................................................................................................. 2519
Table 13: Troubleshoot for Errors Information .......................................................................................... 2620
Table 14: Final Details of Portal Information .............................................................................................. 2620
Table 15: Final Report and Presentation Creation Information ................................................................. 2620
VII
Table 16: Project Resources........................................................................................................................ 3022
Table 17: Proposed Project Schedule (Black End date is ongoing/not yet started, blue is completed) .... 3224
VIII
1. Introduction
1.1 Project Background
The agricultural sector is a crucial aspect of Canada’s economy, contributing large amounts of
currency and providing locally grown produce to the populace. Agricultural practices have spread
across large stretches of Canada, producing a myriad of foods that are consumed around the globe.
Because of this, it is important to maximize the yield of a field while being both cost effective and
minimizing the effects on the environment. In Ontario, over 3,650,789 hectares of land have been
converted to cropland, and even more dedicated to pastures and other agriculture practices
(Mailvaganam, 2017). The cropland covers a wide range of conditions that can be broken up based
on factors such as soil type, climate, drainage, etc. However, in almost all agricultural practices, there
are challenges that remain prevalent.
Nutrients within the soil, vital for crop growth, are depleted over the course of the growing season.
To counter this, fertilizers and nutrient rich mixtures may be spread over the field to aid in growth.
This practice, while somewhat effective, has its flaws. The main flaw being that a portion of the
nutrients added to the field is often lost to runoff and provides no benefits to the crop growth that
they were intended for. Instead, these nutrients, which would benefit the crops, are washed into
streams and rivers, often eventually collecting in larger bodies of water such as the Great Lakes. In
water, these nutrients feed algae growth, which can have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems
and human lives.
Pests, both plant and insect, can prove a bane to crop production, making produce unsuitable for their
intended purpose if contaminated or outright killing the plant. In the past, pesticides were used to
counter these often killing the targeted pest by causing harmful reactions on a chemical level. With
the rise of environmental awareness and the larger impact of pesticides on surrounding ecosystems,
the use of such substances is increasingly discouraged. Finding an alternative means of
controlling/repelling pests that is effective, reasonably cost effective and low impact is crucial.
Controlling the properties of a soil, not just its nutrients, is important to healthy plant growth.
Moisture content in the soil varies by local climate, drainage and soil type, potentially creating
conditions that are favorable to some crops and unfavorable to others. Different crops require
different soil moisture levels over the course of their growth to optimize their yield.
Managing all these potential issues can be a complex and expensive matter for agriculture
practitioners. Through the use of cover crops, it is possible to manage a field based on their unique
needs and provide additional benefits, if utilized correctly.
1.2 Cover Crops

Cover crops can refer to a wide array of crops that are not grown for the purpose of profit, but rather
to aid in other aspects of agriculture which in turn affect the growth of profit crops (Carlson &
Stockwell, 2013). This can include managing soil moisture content, soil stability, erosion, pest
control, weed management, the attraction of beneficial insects or the enrichment of soil nutrients,
among other possible uses. Crops of the legumes family are among the most well-known examples
1
Cover Crops Crop Odyssey Project
of cover crops, aiding the soil by enriching it with nutrients (nitrogen fixing), promoting excellent
soil structure from deep root systems, anchoring top soil and assisting by controlling weeds. of cover
crops, aiding the soil by enriching it with nutrients (nitrogen fixing), promoting excellent soil
structure from deep root systems, anchoring top soil and aiding the controlling weeds. Commented [U2]: Should this be ‘by’?
However, every field has different needs for cover crops and picking a single crop must be done in
relation to the situation at the scale of the individual property itself. Based on the goal at hand, it may
be possible to use multiple cover crops temporally, some at the beginning of the growing season and
others toward the end or even over winter. In some situations, a mix of cover crops may prove most
beneficial, but doing so can increase the complexity and cost of managing the cover crop.
Cover crop management techniques can vary greatly and is necessary to get both the maximum
benefit from the cover crops and prevent them from becoming a hindrance to profitable crop
production. Crops such as buckwheat are excellent at weed control, able to kill any weeds while not
harming the more established main crop. It can attract beneficial insects to the field such as
honeybees, and, once killed, can quickly break down into nutrient rich organic matter. However,
buckwheat needs to be properly monitored and killed at the correct time to prevent it from becoming
a weed itself. Once it shows signs of flowering, it is best to kill within a week to attain maximum
biomass for later use in fertilizers, while still preventing the seeds from spreading and becoming a
weed (Verhallen , Hayes, & Taylor, 2012). Figure 1Figure 1 and Figure 2Figure 2 depict the use of
alfalfa and rye as cover crops:
2
Figure 1: Alfalfa Planted between Corns (Verhallen , Hayes, & Taylor, 2012))
3
Figure 2: Rye being used as a wind strip to minimize wind erosion (Verhallen , Hayes, & Taylor, 2012) Formatted: Left
Formatted: Keep with next
Figure 3 Grass cover crop after growth (Vsetula, 2018)
Some studies have found that the main time of year for nutrient runoff is not in summer/fall when
nutrients are being spread on a field, but rather in winter and spring. After a crop is harvested, a field
may be left barren, with exposed soil still containing large amounts of nutrients. Due to the harvest,
the root systems would have decayed leaving the soil vulnerable to erosion. The freeze/thaw cycle
and large spring melt that Ontario experiences allows for massive amounts of nutrients to be carried
away by these meltwaters. The addition of overwinter cover crops planted during the growing season
or after harvest can reduce the amount of soil and nutrients lost over the winter and spring months.
Alfalfa can be planted between corn or wheat to provide soil anchorage over winter while also
providing additional nutrients from their nitrogen fixing root nodules. Due to the root structure
enhancing the anchorage of the soil, it slows the rate at which soil may be eroded and decreases the
gouging that may occur. The exposed stalk of the plant also helps reduce erosion by creating an
obstruction, forcing the water to move at a slower velocity and reduce the size of particles that the
water may carry.
Given the potential benefits of cover crops, one would expect their use to be more widespread than
they currently are. Lack of a central database or support network regarding the various aspects
4
involved in the usage of cover crops means that their usage is spreading at a slow rate. Should an
individual mismanage their choice of cover crop or have a negative experience, they would not have
readily accessible information as to how to remedy their error. Additionally, they would have access
to dialogue with others who may have encountered similar problems in the past. The creation of a
central database could help spread the usage of cover crops, boosting the agriculture sector in Ontario
and helping to protect the environment (Verhallen , Hayes, & Taylor, 2012).
2. Literature Review
Other online portals for agricultural use do exist. IFAO has developed the Agriculture System Portal
(OMAFRA, 2017) to assist municipalities in their development planning using ESRI. When viewing
the portal, a map of Ontario and its surroundings is displayed and free to navigate. There are several
possible ways to search the portal page, searching for specific layers, addresses or features. Several
dozen layers exist in the database; several layers cover the majority of the map displayed (i.e.,
highways) while others only occupy a small section (i.e., Niagara Tender Fruit and Grape Lands). It
is possible to display several layers atop each other, overlaying the municipal boundaries with
livestock production areas or specialty agricultural practices. Selecting a specific feature on the plant
provides information, such as name, addresses and agricultural practice type.
Another useful geoportal is The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
GeoNetwork (Fao GeoNetwork, 2017) which has multiple methods of searching available. Using
their navigation map and search feature, it is possible, to search for specific records and limit the
results based on the information present in each one. If a region of Canada was highlighted and the
search was focused on soil covering types, then the results displayed would only be relevant to those
that contained information on both the area selected and the topic searched. It is also possible to view
the interactive maps, which are divided by the subject information they contain to search for more
detailed information on an area. However, the maps do not allow for the display of multiple layers
at the same time within the same window.
An additional similar project which was discovered is the Ontario Soil Network Crop Tour map page
(Onario Soils Network, 2017). This page is featured on the Ontario Soil Network website and features
a web map with several participants’ contributing stories based on cover crops. Each of these stories
can be viewed by location on the map and clicked for additional information. This concept of
mapping crowdsourced data was taken of interest by to the team and innovated uponmanipulated for
the project. PV Geomatics took this concept and innovated upondeveloped it using ESRI story maps.
The story maps platform provided improved base maps with potential to add layers, crowdsourced
content and user friendliness.
5
3. Project Understanding:
3.1 Problem/ Opportunity:
Cover crops have become an issue of growing importance in agriculture in recent years, and that’s
especially true for the province of Ontario. The Ontario Ministry of Agricultural Farming and Rural
Affairs (IFAO) has highlighted their value and importance in modern agricultural practice based on
the numerous positive outcomes they can provide.
The problem is that while there are many recommendations available for cover crop choice before
implementing the use of cover crops, there is little available information for farmers when any
problems may arise. Some of these problems may include:
 Need to Manage Effectively for Success,
 Attraction of Pests,
 Understand the ideal cover crop for specific environments and situations,
 Rapid/ Unintended Cover Crop Spread,
 Attraction of unwanted Plant Species,
 Failure for Chosen Cover Crop to Grow,
 Unexpected Environmental Conditions which Alter Cover Crop Effectiveness,
 Difficulty in Assessing All Biological Impacts on Environment as a result from Cover
Crops, and
 Potential for cover crop to interfere with profit crop growth.
These situations can be problematic as farmers may have limited means of correcting any issues that
eventually arise when dealing with biological plant species and their complexity which is worsened
when attempting to grow both a crop and cover crop near each other. This is because the current
research on cover crops by plot size can be difficult to find or compare to real life farms, and there
are not enough experts to travel across the province and efficiently address individual problems.
3.2 Project Purpose

The purpose of this project was to provide information to Ontario farmers who wish to enhance their
current knowledge of cover crops; specifically, when it comes to any issues or hazards which may
arise when applying them. Per the original Terms-of-Reference (See Appendix A), the platform has
resulted in an increase of available information which has been classified to ensure relevance and
accuracy in the information that shared. It is expected that this project will improve widespread
knowledge regarding cover crops and their use, encouraging increased efforts by the user to explore
them for their benefits.
In addition to providing useful information and improving knowledge among farmers, this project
has provided a platform of communication which would be accessible to the general population. The
portal has the capacity to provide professional knowledge from additional sources when it is
otherwise not readily available to common users. In an age of growing technology, the app platform
constructed has the potential to help significantly mitigate any perceived drawbacks to using cover
6
crops, encouraging farmers to apply new techniques and create a healthy community to build on in
the future.
The purpose of this project will be to provide information to Ontario farmers who wish to enhance
their current knowledge of cover crops; specifically, when it comes to any issues or hazards which
may arise when applying them. Per the original Terms-of-Reference (See Appendix A), the platform
will result in an increase of available information which will be classified to ensure relevance and
accuracy in the information that will be shared. It is expected that this project will improve
widespread knowledge regarding cover crops and their use, encouraging increased efforts by the user
to explore them for their benefits.
In addition to providing useful information and improving knowledge among farmers, this project is
also expected to provide a platform of communication which would be accessible to the general
population. The portal will have the capacity to provide professional knowledge from additional
sources when it is otherwise not always readily available. In an age of growing technology such a
system will help significantly mitigate any perceived drawbacks to using cover crops, encouraging
farmers to apply new techniques and create a healthy community to build on in the future.
3.3 Project Benefits

Table 1Table 1 below highlights the numerous benefits which havecould resulted from the
completion of the IFAO Cover Crop Portal project.
Benefits associated with the completion of this project:
 Providesing access to valuable information to farmers across Ontario, improving the

effective use of cover crops,
 Allowsing farmers to anonymously share valuable information regarding cover crops,
 Encouragement for farmers to apply new techniques using available data,
 Reducesing the rate of cover crop failure,
 Improving farmer’s abilities to identify and manage any drawbacks to using cover crops,
 Establishing a network of farmers to share their experiences with cover crops,
 Creating a database that can grow as more knowledge about cover crops is gained, and
 Potentially creating more interest in the research of cover crop practices.
Table 1: Project Benefits
3.4 Project Study Area

The proposed area of study for this project will primarily focus on the province of Ontario, as the
Ministry is mainly based out of Ontario. This means that all research and objectives of the product
will be based on the factors which are suited to Ontario farmers. These factors include:
7
● Cover crop type
● Type of crop being assisted with cover crop
● Environmental conditions
● Soil Conditions
● Nature of any problems
● Availability of cover crop species
Team members will have the opportunity to bring more focus to Ontario farmers with the project
scope on the provincial level. Since the province has been found to be expansive and hosted by
several varying crops and farm conditions, team members will address as many relevant crops, cover
crops and factors as they are able to within the time constraint. It should be noted that while the study
space is focused in Ontario, team members will be conducting research mainly through online
resources and will be conducting little to no field research across the province as this is not necessary
to meet the goals of this project. Figure 3 shows a map of Ontario made using Ag Maps. The area of Commented [U3]: The map on the next page is beautiful
study for this project focuses on the province of Ontario, as the Ministry is mainly based out of but small. Make it landscape so we can have a better view
of it.
Ontario. This means that all research and objectives of the product are be based on the factors which
are suited to Ontario farmers. These factors include: Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
Formatted: Font color: Auto
● Cover crop type
● Type of crop being assisted with cover crop
● Environmental conditions
● Soil Conditions
● Nature of any problems
● Availability of cover crop species
Team members have had the opportunity to bring more focus to farmers with the project scope on
the provincial level by focusing on crops and data relevant to Ontario. Since the province has been
found to be expansive and hosted by several varying crops and farm conditions, team members
decided to address as many relevant crops, cover crops and factors as they were able to within the
available time given. It should be noted that while the study space is focused in Ontario, team
members will be conducting research mainly through online resources and will be conducting little
to no field research across the province as this is not necessary to meet the goals of this project.
Figure 4Figure 3 shows a map of Ontario made using Ag Maps. Commented [U4]: The map on the next page is beautiful
but small. Make it landscape so we can have a better view
of it.
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt,
Font color: Auto
8
Figure 443: Ag Maps Cover Crop Test Area Image (OMAFRA, 2017)
9
4. Goal and Objectives
The project goal was to create a system/portal which hosts farmers to share and read cover crop
information. The spatial database will offer search options to allow farmers to share and find
information appropriate for their needs while also allowing them to remain anonymous. Objectives
were made after reviewing the Project Overview Statement in Appendix D: Project Overview Formatted: Font color: Auto
Statement Formatted: Font color: Auto
The primary project objectives which supported the realization of the project goal include the
following:
 A detailed literature review to help provide ideas for this project
 Research conducted on the Ag Map system
 Classification of important cover crop information based on research including:
o Crop Type
o Environmental Conditions
o Plot Size/ Ranking
 Establishing an effective software and using programming for base portal construction.
 Establishment of programming skills through learning and understanding of the established
language
 Using learned programming skills to build the base portal
 Conducting extensive additions to the base portal to build upon functionality
 Incorporation of mapping elements
 Population of the portal with base data to test functionality, and
 Use of additional time to detail and finish the product for delivery to client
The project goal is to create a system/portal which hosts farmers to share and read cover crop
information. The spatial database will offer search options to allow farmers to share and find
information appropriate for their needs while also allowing them to remain anonymous. Objectives
were made after reviewing the Project Overview Statement in Appendix D: Project Overview
Statement
The primary project objectives that will support the realization of the project goal include the
following:
 A detailed literature review to help provide ideas for this project

 Research conducted on the Ag Map system
 Classifying important cover crop information based on research Including:
o Crop Type
o Environmental Conditions
o Plot Size/ Ranking
 Establishing software and programming which will be the base platform for the portal
 Establishment of programming skills through learning and understanding of the established
language
 Using learned programming skills to build the base portal
10
 Conducting extensive additions to the base portal to build upon functionality
 Link to the Ag Maps for user map creation
 Population of the portal with base data which will allow functionality, and
 Using remaining time to detail and finish the product for delivery to client
11
5. Project Team
5.1 Team Members
Hayden A.Polski, B.Sc (Project Manager)

Hayden Polski is currently a student at Niagara College, in the GIS, Geographic Information
Systems, Geospatial Management postgraduate program. He has previously graduated from the
Environmental Geoscience Degree (Honours) program at Brock University in the class of 2017.
Andrew K. Vsetula, B.A. (GIS Analyst)
Andrew Vsetula is a current graduate student currently in attendance at Niagara College in the GIS
Geospatial Management program in Niagara on the Lake. Prior to being admitted to Niagara College,
Andrew attended and graduated from the University of Guelph in the CSAHS (College pf Social and
Applied Human Sciences) Bachelor of Arts Geography program. At the University of Guelph,
Andrew completed many courses and projects involving statistical analysis, environmental studies
and human demographics.
Janet Finlay B.Sc, B.A. (Advisor)
Janet Finlay is the GIS-GM program coordinator at Niagara College and has extensive experience
and knowledge with GIS and Geospatial Management. She has also been an advisor to very
successful projects completed by other teams in the past. PV Geomatics is confident that she will
provide assistance, guidance and motivation toward the completion of the proposed project, as well
as feedback regarding the team’s performance.
12
6. Summary of Major Project Tasks and Methodology
The following section summarizes each of the tasks involved with the project timeline and
completion in greater detail so that both the client and team members were able establish a clear
understanding of them. Under each of the indicated phases of the project are major tasks with
descriptions of the task purpose, as well as the necessary methodologies which were utilized to
complete them.
Under each of the main tasks are tables which feature each of the task’s stat and end date, the
proposed working hours verses the actual working hours, the proposed verses actual budgeted costs
based on the budget and schedule found in 9. Final Budget 9.0 Cost Estimate/Budget and for
budgeting and Appendix C or 8. Schedule8.0 Schedule for scheduling and the percentage of the
budget used in each task.
Each of the major tasks and methodologies below have been updated to include details regarding
their status and completion. Tables below have been frequently updated to track completion status
of major tasks, as well as any applicable changes made since the project proposal. In addition, the
major tasks and methodologies have been updated to include any modifications regarding how they
were completed.
The following section summarizes each of the tasks involved with the project timeline and
completion in greater detail so that both the client and team members can establish a clear
understanding of them. Under each of the indicated phases of the project are major tasks with
descriptions of the task purpose, as well as the necessary methodologies which will be utilized to
complete them.
Under each of the main tasks are tables which feature each of the task’s proposed start date, end
datestat and end date, the proposed working hours verses the actual working hours, and the proposed
verses actual budgeted costs based on the budget and schedule found in 9.0 Cost Estimate/Budget
and for budgeting and Appendix C or 8.0 Schedule for scheduling and the percentage of the budget
used in each task.
Each of the major tasks and methodologies below have been updated to include details regarding
their status and completion. Tables below have been updated to include the completion status of
major tasks, as well as any applicable changes made since the project proposal. In addition, the major
tasks and methodologies have been updated to include any modifications regarding how they will be
completed.
Figure 5Figure 4 details the task-based approach for undertaking this project:
13
14
Figure 554: Proposed Project Structure (Work Breakdown Structure).
6.1 Project Understanding (Phase 1)

This phase is the first objective forThe first phase for the project and has involved research
regarding the preparation and analysis of cover crops data and web portals to further improve team
member understanding of the subject matter before the product wasis created. It has ensured that
team members have were been well informed and prepared for the data analysis phase and other
phases.
6.1.1 Detailed Literature Review

A detailed literature review has had been composed and summarizes other articles and projects of a
similar nature. These projects weremay not necessarily be related to cover crops specifically, but but
an agricultural based portal would be useful for the purposes of this projectrather embodied some of
the concepts involved such as an agricultural based web portal. Any Examining other online web
portals will was also be useful in reviewing considering the requirements for design, programming
and functionality purposes. Team members have conducted web searches which have yielded several
similar projects; one which features a cover crop decision tool for Canada. This decision tool is
featured on the Innovations in Cover Crops page and features some similar concepts which have
been explored in this project. PV Geomatics needed to evaluate whether a decision tool would be
appropriate as it would be difficult to surpass those which had already been established. Another
project created by the Ontario Soil Network featuring a map with point based stories containing
information on agricultural crops gave team members ideas for the project. Unlike the decision tool,
the team felt as though they could innovate on this concept by adding more features and functionality.
Table 2Table 2Table 2 below details the proposed and actual time and estimated cost to complete this
task, as well as the completion date for this task.
Duration January 07, 2018 – January 20 2018
Percentage of Budget Used 45%
Proposed vs Final Working Hours 22 9.5
Proposed vs Final Budget $ 2,145 $ 968
Table 2: Detailed Literature Review Information
6.1.2 Understanding Ag Maps

Since the proposed systems will be linked to the OMAFRA Ag Maps systemThe original proposed
project involved linking the portal to the Ag Map System (OMAFRA, 2017), it is important that team
members understand its functions, as well as how users will operate itand for this reason,
understanding its function was considered important. Understanding this system will improve
compatibility between the created portal and Ag Maps as well as give team members improved
foresight of how the product should be assembledWhile the resulting project was not linked to Ag
Maps, understanding its functionality proved valuable in creation the Crop Odyssey Portal.
15
Understanding Ag Maps was accomplishedwill bye done by considering how the search features,
databases and layers interact with oneeach another and functioned. Additional research into the Ag
Maps software may also be necessary when planning the product’s assembly. Table 3Table 3 details Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
the proposed and actual cost and dates of the task, as well as completion times.
Duration January 07, 2018 – February 10 2018

Proposed vs Final Working Hours 8 4
Proposed vs Final Budget $ 780 $ 405
Table 3: Understanding Ag Map Information
6.1.3 Cover Crop Research

Research using primarily online resources has been conducted by the team to obtain further
knowledge regarding cover crops, specifically the relevant plot sizes, cover crop type and qualities
surrounding success and failure conditions. Research has taken place using provided information
available in the OMAFRA website, as well as through reliable sources found on the internet.
Exploring existing research concerning cover crops and the benefits that specific species of cover
crop can have on fields and their surroundings. This has ensured that the structure of the final product
is assembled in a way that suites the needs of users and fulfills the intended purpose of spreading
cover crop information. At this point, the team has completed research on cover crops to a
satisfactory point to which the programming and portal assembly phase can begin. More research
may occur in the future if there are any changes needed during data assembly. Table 4Table 4 details Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
the proposed and actual cost and dates of the task.
Duration January 14, 2018 – February 10 2018
Table 4: Cover Crop Research Information
6.2 Data Analysis (Phase 2)

The data analysis phase of the project has built team member understanding of cover crops and has
extended that understanding toward classifying informationThe data analysis phase was initially for
the classification of provided data, but as the project proceeded the focus shifted. This has been
accomplished by classifying each of the important parameters into categories in a tableFirstly, several
important features regarding cover crops were identified and placed into fields, afterwardsand then
the same was done regardingegarding field conditions. Key factors for what information a farmer
16
may possesshave were determined and this information becamewas important when creating the data
entry forms for the table. A division was placed between information farmers may possess and
information they may seek. This factor played a role in deciding which fields to apply to the final
product so that information would be relevant and useful. . The best method of implementing search
features is to be determined. Plot size classification will be determined once search features have
been established.
6.2.1 Classify Data

At this stage, team members have begunbegan determining how the information being inputted
entered into the system would bewill be classified and have sorted the information using fields which Commented [U5]: Change this paragraph too. Perhaps
achieve appropriate depth but do not compromise simplicityaccordingly. This task waswill be you need to go through the whole paper with this in mind
important for the foundations of programming since computer programs often require very specific
parameters in which to sort data. At this point, the team has reached a satisfactory method of
classifying the data based on crop type as shown in Figure 6Figure 5 shows the initial proposed Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
classification scheme for data. The team is currently determining the best method to implement Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
search features for the classified dataHoweverA as the project developed, the means of classifying
data were altered to suite the final product software. The data table was kept for potential use of
continuing the project by adding additional fields. In addition, the table can be viewed on the Cover
Crops Map web app created which stores all of the data and hosts the base map for the Crop Odyssey
Story Map. This task did not take as much time as originally determined by the team but remained
necessary in establishing the foundations of the platform to be developed. changed and the table was
rendered irrelevant. Table 5Table 5 details the proposed and actual cost and dates of the task. Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
Figure 665: Sample from classified data table
Duration January 28, 2018 – March 3 2018

17
Proposed vs Final Budget $ 6,445 $ 1,753
Table 5: Classify Data Information
6.2.1.1 Classify Based on Environment Conditions

This level of classification has been applied to a series of input and output variables. The input
variables reflect that of user knowledge such as user crop type, local soil and climate, and desired
benefits. These parameters will be applied in a way which allows users to find broadly what they are
looking forwere integrated into the Crop Odyssey Portal as input fields. Output conditions refer to a
series of parameters which users may not know regarding cover crop use;, this may include soil
conditions, required drainage, possible benefits and concern The tA table found in Figure 6Figure 5 Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
above was compiled, containing information regarding field parameters and cover crop parameters Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
for preferred planting conditions and usess. More of this information can be found in Appendix E: Formatted: Font: 12 pt
Data ClassificationAppendix E: Data Classification, which features the team’s data classification
table. Research upon environmental conditions relevant to cover crops has helped the team decide
how to organize and classify them.
6.2.1.2 Classify based on Cover Crop Type

During the data classification, the team sorted many of the relevant environmental factors by the
cover crops which they applied to. The team is currently working on methods of implementing search
features to cover crops by typeThese conditions were generalized and included in the Crop Odyssey
Portal as fields for data entry. They depend on the cover crops utilized by users. Eventually
information on a variety of cover crops will be available on the story map once additional data is
inputted by users.Team members are also working incorporate design features so that the portal can
be continually updated after it has been completed, as time constraints have limited the depth to
which data has been researched.
6.2.1.3 Classify Based on Plot Size

The terms of reference suggest a sorting feature based on the plot size of cover crops as this will also
factored into the quality and relevance of the data. It was suggested that there could be three possible
rankings., but further research will be required to define the specific size in terms of area of the plots,
as this will need to be defined during the programming phase. The team has considered factoring the
plot sizes into the sharing features between users, as different users will have different experiences
based on how large their plots were. However, given the use of crowd source maps the use of plot
size to determine ranking was removed from consideration. Research and developments resulted in
allowing the users to give a relevant size of their crop fields freely in the story map. The team has
recommended adding a feature to refine this size establishment in the future as the story maps app
18
would not allow for such edits in its current state.The size of the plots as an input variable is kept for
use of filtering through data.
6.3 Programming (Phase 3)

The programming phase began in February once the appropriate level of research had been
completed in the previous phase. This phase includeds all learning and understanding of the
programming skills required to build the product including the learning of any software and coding
languages necessary to assemble the portal. As of this pointPV Geomatics has conducted research
upon various methods of completing the project due to the freedom and resources available to team
members. The team decided that coding a website from scratch would not be a feasible method given
the time frame and would likely present of risk in functionality lacking and overall completion of the
project. After consulting with Niagara College tech experts: Colin Bissel and Scott Barbacki, it was
suggested that web app building software provided by Esri may be the most efficient option of
building a portal as it would require a smaller degree of coding. Currently, the team is currently still
in the programming phase; software establishment and understanding of the requirements being Commented [U6]: Here too. Change the tense. You are
mainly completed. The team is currently working on establishing search features as well as additional not currently working on anything except the final report.
learning. It has been proposed that portal creation will begin in the next few weeks.
6.3.1 Software Establishment

At this point, enough much of the background research hads been conducted to start programming
the portal. Professionals have suggested publishing the portal using ArcGIS Online using the Web
App builder due to its user friendliness. The Web App builder provides numerous methods of
incorporating data using widgets and map layers and involves little coding. Team conducted research
to members are currently determineing if the Web App builder wouldill provide all the features
required by this product to meet the project goals. At this point, team members had usedare using
online resources to help learn to use the Web App Builder and it hads been determinedsuggested by
experts that linking the Ag Map system may also be achievable using this software, however this
aspect had not yet been explored in enough depth for assurance. After research completion, Story
Maps were deemed the best option to continue the project, as the crowdsource feature allowed for
the user friendliness and functionality the team was searching for without excessive coding involved.
Once the link has been completed, users will gain the ability to enter their data and incorporate it into
the mapping production system. Table 6Table 6 details the dates, proposed and actual time and cost
associated with the task.
Duration February 11, 2018 – February 17 2018

19
Table 6: Software Establishment Information
6.3.2 Understanding Programming Requirements

This task has entailed deeper research and understanding of what programming requirements will be
needed to begin the portal construction now that the software had been established. The requirements
which have been fulfilled include:
 Understanding what software must be learned in addition to those already established in the
course syllabus,
 Building upon the software establishment conducted in the previous phase through additional
research,
 Defining the specific programming languages such as Java Script or Python to be used,
 Understanding the level of skill which will be required to fulfill the needs of the portal
functionality and design,
 Determining methodologies in linking the portal with the Ag Maps program.
Story Maps were the decided method of developing a portal, with additional details and features also
examined. This would require a strong understanding of Esri ArcGIS Online tools, as well as Java
Script Object Notation (JSON) in which the maps primarily functionedOnce again, the Web App
Builder has been suggested to construct this portal and it has been believed that incorporating the
data as well as linking to Ag Maps can be achieved using this software. Online resources provided
by ESRI have been explored regarding learning of the Web App Builder to enhance analyst’s
knowledge. The Web App Builder may resulted in lower programming time as it requireds
significantly lesslittle programming to develop an applicationuse. Team members are currently
researching additional resources such as JavaScript in the event that the Web App Builder will not
suffice. With the use of Story Maps, the coding aspect was reduced but was still an important factor
in modifying the existing sections of code to create custom fields and set data storage locations for
the new fields.
Duration February 11 2018 – April 7 2018

Proposed vs Final Budget $ 8,775 $ 4,627.5
Table 7: Understanding Programming Requirements Information
6.3.2.1 Learn Required Languages and Software

Following the previous task of clearly defining the software and programming languages will
involved actual learning of the said software and programming. This task wasis necessary in order
20
to ensure the team members wereare prepared to build the product and able to plan for potential risks
and challenges. This task has presented some uncertainties in the degree of time it tookwill take given
the number of courses that may have to be completed. However, the team has remained confident in
their ability to plan accordingly through dedication of a suitable number of hours for allany
programming requirements. Courses taken during the second semester have aided in programming
understanding in addition to extra online tutorials. If the team proceeds to use the Web App builder
than the programming phase may become less complex but will still involve extensive additional
learningSince the team decided to use ArcGIS Online Web App Building software as a base platform,
the coding/ programming aspects became less relevant, however an understanding of the code and
web app platform was still needed to ensure an effective product would be developed. The team is
confident in the used resources and hardware available at the Niagara College campus to ensure this
task wouldprovide assistance in this meet all of the establishedtasks requirements.
6.3.3 Begin Portal Creation

At this point in time, the team has partaken in programming learning as well as gaining familiarity
with ArcGIS Online Web App building. The team is confident in their ability to determine the best
methods of applying the Web App builder to the requirements stated in the project terms of reference.
Creation of the final product has not yet started; however, the team is confident that it will begin
within the next couple of weeks once further understanding of the software has been metCreation of
the final product was set to take place shortly after as the team had taken time to test the Web App
Builder for its functionality and features before creating the final portal. This task alsowill
incorporated previous research of cover crops and classification as well as the table generated
following research to the data fields used in the story map, so they can be applied to the product.
This task has beenwill be completed by dedicating the appropriate number of working hours from
team members into developing the base story map product. It will involve decisions on which
functions and applications to apply followed by physical programming of said functions into the
portal. The team will utilized the resources at their disposal to create functions which apply to the
requirements of the project,ogram as well asand manage adaptively so that any potential errors and
flaws can be identified and addressed efficiently. Table 8Table 8 lists the dates, proposed and actual
time and cost associated with the task.
Duration February 11, 2018 – April 28 2018

Table 8: Begin Portal Creation Information
21
6.3.3.1 Search Features
Initial designs included search features that would be programmed into the portal so that users would
have the ability tocan find the information they seek with ease. It waswill also be required that these
features beare presented in a user-friendly fashion which can be easily understood by those
unfamiliar with the portal. Searching would becan be based on various factors including, but not
limited to, crop type, growth conditions (moisture, soil type, and drainage), pest controlrepellant, soil
enrichment, erosion control and nutrient preservation. It is vital that search features are not only
functional but operate based on classification discussed above. With the use of Story Maps hosted
by ESRI, the potential for search features was diminished, limiting the search features to those with
access to the crowd source layer file. Using this file, it is possible to filter the data that each field
contains. In its current state, the Story Map allows for searching based on location, as well as a very
appealing map layout which shows all of the crowdsourced points. More advanced search features
have been recommended in the event that continuation of the project takes place.
6.3.3.2 Data Entry Forms

The program required the establishment data entry formats. This data entry format was being based
on the previous cover crop research and classification methods chosen. Users arewill be able to enter
information relevant to cover crop type, environmental conditions, location, and plot size and relate
it relevant to any hazards or issues encountered based on the fields added by the team to the story
map. This haswill ensured the information provided is accurate and can be viewedsearched by other
farmers for their own benefit use. The form for entry haswill been understood and navigated with
ease, in addition to allowing room for commenting functions regarding farmer’s unique fields/
sources from which their data is drawn fromto the greatest extent and while it is user friendly,
additional communication features were not able to be added to the app in its current state. The
original plan involved more search features and data entry form capabilities, and while data entry
forms were established, many software limitations prevented all desiredthose features from being
realized. Table 9Table 9 details the associated dates, cost and time.
Duration April 15, 2018 – June 1 2018
Table 9: Portal Creation: Data Entry Information
6.4 Data Assemblage and Portal Creation (Phase 4)

The fourth phase in the project can be summarized by the continued assembly of the portal using
previously obtained software and coding languages, as well as with use of the information researched
in the data analysis phasefirst phase.
22
6.4.1 Data Assemblage
At this phase, it assumed that the product haswill have been developed to a point where testing for
major functionalities hassome testing for functionality may beguin. This may involved multiple tests
and searching for bugs that could interfere with proper functionality of the product. Some of the bugs
encountered were the additional data entry fields not displaying properly and administrator approval
not functioning as desired.This task will also ensure that the product is fulfilling the requirements
listed in the terms of reference. This task may also involve Iinputting base data to be featured in the
final product such as information regarding cover crops and sample entries was also applied in the
latter portion of this phase. This ensured that new users would be able to understand how the entry
process is conducted. Lastly this task has ensured that the product had fulfilled the main requirements
listed in the original terms of reference Table 10Table 10 details the cost, time estimated, and dates
associated with the task.
Duration May 6, 2018 – June 1 2018

Table 10: Data Assemblage Information
6.4.1.1 Accounts, Data Entry, Search, Forum, Automated Email

This task will involved adding and or editing additional features associated with the product such as
methods of data entry and searching, as well as the presence of any required forms and automated
functions such as data point display. Given the limitations regarding story maps software and the
anonymous aspectnature of the project, the use of some of these features was removed and researched
so that they may be applied in the future. The team has worked to add as many features as possible
up until this point and has developed methods of adding more features in the event that this project
is continued in the future..
6.4.2 Link to Ag Maps

As part of the terms of reference, it was originally decided that the product will be linked to the Ag
Maps system (OMAFRA, 2017) by coordinating with I.T. representatives at IFAO who may assist
with the link. However, with the usage of ESRI Crowdsource Story Maps, the use of Ag Maps was
no longer required, and the phase devoted to its use was removed after consulting the client. Table Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
11Table 11 gives the estimations for time, date and costs.
Duration Removed from Project
23
Proposed vs Final Budget $2,730 0
Table 11: Link to Ag Maps Information
6.4.2.1 Teleconferences
In relation to the linking with Ag Maps, teleconferences were to be conducted when necessary with
I.T. officials so assist with implementation. However, with the removal of the Ag Map from the
project, the purpose of teleconferences became that of keeping the client up to date on the project as
well as obtain their input regarding the creation of story maps.
24
6.4.3 Populate Database
In the initial planning phase, the plan was to populate the database once data entry format has been
established. However, with the use of story maps, all data came from external sources, making this
phase superfluous. Table 12Table 12 containing the initially estimated time, date and costs for the
proposed task.
Duration Removed from Project

Proposed vs Final Budget $1950 0
Table 12: Populate Database Information
6.5 Final Product and Report (Phase 5)

The final phase of the project will commence when the portal is near ready for launchhas been
completed and the story map has been published on ArcGIS online. It will be functional and will Commented [U7]:
have been populated with some data that the client has providedis open to the public and has been Commented [U8R7]:
populated with a small degree of base data for testing and display purposes. Testing of all portal
Commented [U9R7]: It should be done and not
functions will commence to assure that no errors are present. Following the testing, a report and commencing
presentation, detailing the development and function of the portal will be createdhas resulted in the
conclusion that some features have been restricted due to the software limitations. Team members
have created a profile which the client will be able to access in order to gain control and ownership
of the story map, as well as gain the opportunity to use the source code to publish the story map on
an owned website, giving freedom over the contents of the map and features.
6.5.1 Troubleshoot for Errors

The usage of Crowdsourced Story Maps removes many potential sections of for error, but in turn
introduces alternativedifferent errorsones. As it is currentlyIn its current state, any contribution to
the Crop Odyssey Map is immediately viewable for any users of the map. This was not the original
intention, as there is an option for a reviewable process before a contribution can be publicly viewed.
However, when testing this feature an error was encountered where the approval process did not
work. Tech support was contacted for supportand, howeverbut no work around could be discovered,
and as a result the reviewable process was deactivated. Table 13Table 13 details the estimated and Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
final costs, dates and time associated with the task.
Proposed vs Final Budget $1,740 $ 575
25
Table 13: Troubleshoot for Errors Information
6.5.2 Final Details of Portal

At this stage, the product is near completion the product has reached its completion and final details
have been added using the remaining time left until the project end date. Team members have created
a profile on the ArcGIS online platform in which the story map and web app content may be
transferred to the client for their use. Troubleshooting has taken place to correct some of the issues
with field population and additional features. All previous work put into the portal has been examined
for potential errors. The chosen story map platform has offered default features which offer user
friendliness and functionality however some errors has persisted. The team has strongly encouraged
hosting the app on a private website in order to compensate for the currently absent
featuresdetermined that some of the errors and missing features will need to be added by hosting the
app on a private website. Efforts have been made to determine how this will be accomplished so that
few issues will be encountered in the futureSeveral online resources have been provided in section
15. Recommendations14. Recommendations which provide guidance and assistance with the process
of hosting the app, as well as some strategies for manipulating the app afterwards. Table 14Table 14
details the associated costs, time and dates.
Proposed vs Final Budget $1,770 $ 1355
Table 14: Final Details of Portal Information
6.5.3 Final Report and Presentation Creation

The product has been completed to the greatest extent given the timeframe and resources available
to the team. A presentation summarizing the product and its features has been delivered to the client
successfully and ongoing communication has taken place regarding the product’s delivery. This final
report has also been created to summarize the project after completion and add all conclusions/
recommendations as well as other sections for future reference.
Duration Ongoing
Proposed vs Final Working Hours 50 Ongoing
Proposed vs Final Budget $4875 Ongoing
Table 15: Final Report and Presentation Creation Information
26
6.6 Project Management
Project management entails the various tasks team members undertookwill undertake to manage the
project. These tasks have beenwill be completed on a regular basis to ensure that project completion
remaineds on schedule, team members and clients have beenare informed regarding the project
status, and that any issues or challenges can be addressed efficiently.and as a result challenges and
concerns were addressed appropriately. Aside from bi-weekly advisor meetings, project management
tasks havewill been undertaken continuously from the project start until the end. Project management
will continue until the product has successfully been transferred to the client and the final report has
been submitted after the final product has been delivered and the summary report has been created.
The tasks involved with project management havewill included the following:
● Client meetings
● Advisor meetings
● Team communication
● Bi-weekly status reportsreporting
● Earned vValue mManagement tTracking and reporting
● Time sheet tracking
● Redefining any objectives if required
● Frequent progress evaluation
● Schedule maintenance and tracking
●
27
● Redefining any objectives if required Bold
Formatted: Heading 1, Left, Add space between
paragraphs of the same style, Line spacing: single, No
bullets or numbering
28
7. Project Resources Bold
Several resources have been identified and specified in the table below; these resources wilwerel be Formatted: Left
required for the team to complete the project and deliver the final product. They include but are not
limited toall of the computer hardware/ software, personnel and storage devices. Table 16Table 16
shows a summary of the proposed project resources.
Proposed Project Resources:
Hardware  Niagara College GIS Laboratory Computers

 1.5 TB Hard Drive Storage
Software  ArcGIS 10.5
 ArcCatalog 10.5
 ArcGIS Online: Web App Builder
 ArcGIS Online Assistant
 Microsoft Office
o Microsoft Word Formatted
o Microsoft Power Point
o Microsoft Excel Programs (Word, Excel,
Publisher)
 ESRI Crowdsource Story Maps
Personnel  Hayden Polski, GIS Analyst ($90/hr)
 Andrew Vsetula, Project Manager ($105/hr
 Janet Finlay, Project Advisor
Research  OMAFRA Website
 Soil Network Ontario Crop Tour
 Innovation in Cover Crops: Cover Crop Decision
Tool
 Additional websites found using Google search
engine (see Bibliography)Google Browser and Formatted: Font: 12 pt
Websites Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 14 pt
Learning  W3 Schools – Coding Languages:
o Javascript Formatted
o JSON
o HTML
 ESRI Udemy – Web App building courses
 Google Search Engine (Online publications used for
further research, see Bibliography) Formatted: Font: 12 pt
29
Administrative  Gmail Accounts
 Arc Online Assistant
 Microsoft Excel Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 14 pt
Table 16: Project Resources Formatted: Normal, Indent: Left: 0.25", No bullets or
numbering
30
8. Schedule
The opportunity was offered to PV Geomatics to submit a proposalcomplete a project for to the
Innovative Farmers of Ontario (IFAO) involvingto creation ofe a portal to provide information on
cover crops. Table 17Table 17 below outlines estimations for the beginning and end dates for
individual tasks that will were involved in the be required for the completion of the IFAO Cover
Crop PortalCrop Odyssey Portal. Specific hours proposed for each task can be seen in Section 9.
Final Budget 9. Cost Estimate/Budget can be foundas well as in Section 6. Summary of Major Project
Tasks and Methodology6. Summary of Major Project Tasks and Methodology. A visual example of
the schedule in the form of a Gant chart can be foundseen in Appendix C: Gant ChartAppendix C:
Gant Chart, including major milestones made during the project proposal phase. Throughout the
course of the project, there will were be advisor meetings and team meetings to evaluate progress
and goals as well as re-evaluation ine the direction of the project.
As of the writing of this report the hours devoted to the completing of each task have been
recordedAll hours used in the completion of the Crop Odyssey Portal have beenare recpordted and
included in this report. Figure 7Figure 7 is a chart representing the proposed hours devoted to each
phase at the beginning of the bidding stage for the project, while Figure 8Figure 6 represents the
actual hours used at the end of the project. Figure 9Figure 8 shows the number of hours devoted to
each of the tasks as of project completion compared to the proposed hours devoted to each of the
tasks.
As of the endcompletion of the project, just over half of the proposed hours which were actually
requiredrequired. Of the 434 hours that were estimated to be neededrequired to complete the project
initially, only 231 hours were actually required. This can be explained due to overestimations of time
for several tasks and removal of several tasks, the main shortfall for the tasks are associated with the
creation for the final report presentation and learning the programming languages.
31
IFAO: Cover Crop Portal Schedule
Start Date End Date
Activity
1.0 Project Understanding
1.1 Detailed Lit Review (Completed) January 7 2018 January 20 2018
1.2 Understand Ag Maps Function January 7 2018 February 10 2018
1.3 Cover Crops Research January 14 2018 February 10 2018
2.0 Data Analysis
2.1 Classify and Quantify Data January 28 2018 March 3 2018
2.1.1 Classify based on Drainage, Soil, Climate, etc. January 28 2018 March 3 2018
2.1.2 Classify based on Cover Crops January 28 2018 March 3 2018
2.1.3 Classify based on Plot Ranking Removed Removed
3.0 Programming
3.1 Software Establishment February 11 2018 February 17 2018
3.2 Understand Programming Requirements February 11 2018 April 7 2018
3.2.1 Learn Programming Language/Software
3.3 Begin Portal Creation February 11 2018 April 28 2018
3.3.1 Search Features February 11 2018 April 28 2018
3.3.2 Data Entry Forms April 15 2018 June 1 2018
4.0 Data Assemblage and Portal Creation
4.1 Data Assemblage May 6 2018 June 1 2018
4.1.1 Accounts, Data Entry, Search, Forum, Automated Email Removed Removed
4.2 Link to Ag Maps Removed Removed
4.2.1 Teleconferences April 22 2018 April 28 2018
4.3 Populate Database Removed Removed
5.0 Final Product Creation and Report
5.1 Troubleshoot for Errors May 27 2018 June 2 2018
5.2 Final Portal Details May 20 2018 June 8 2018
5.2 Creation of Report/Presentation June 1 2018 June 8 2018
6.0 Project Management January 7 2018 June 8 2018
Table 17: Proposed Project Schedule
32
Final Working Hours Per Phase
47 22
19
18
21
104
Project Understanding Total Data Analysis Total

Programming Total Data and Portal Assemblage Total
Final Product Creation Total Project Management Total
Figure 886: Actual Hours Spent per Phase
Proposed Working Hours Per Phase
60 50
68
86
112 168
Project Understanding Total Data Analysis Total

Programming Total Data and Portal Assemblage Total
Final Product Creation Total Project Management Total
Figure 7: Proposed Hours per Task
33
34
Figure 998: Proposed vs Actual Hours per Task
9. Revised Final Cost Estimate/Budget

This section summarizes the total proposed and actual costs for this project which have been
predicted by the team. The costs are primarily based upon working hours as seldom field work or
equipment will be used throughout the projectthere were no tasks were field work or additional
equipment were required. Figure 10Figure 6 summarized the proposed costs stated in the initial
project proposal and then compares it to the actual costs as of the writing of the progress reportat the
end of the project. Given that it has been found that the initial time estimates appear to have been
overestimated the time taken, the actual budget as of completion is coming in substantially lower
than predicted.
The Figure 11Figure 7 graph displays the same predicted and actual costs as shown in Error!
Reference source not found.Figure 6, only displayed as a chart for visual purposes. As seen in the
graph, the budget for the first and second phase which have been largely finished come in far lower
than predicted. This can be attributed to initial predictions regarding the degree of processing that
data would require before being usable. Phase 3 is currently ongoing but is likely to also come in
under budget as well, due to overestimation concerning the learning of the programming
language/software as well as understanding the programming requirementsPhases 3 and 4 proved to
be the most under budget, but overall every phase of the project came in under the predicted budget.
Project Team Management is likely to come in near the predicted budget, given the length of time
remaining for the ongoing tasks.
35
The original budget proposed was $59,935 including taxes, but the actual budget used is only
$26,001, significantly under the predicted budget. Given the overestimation of hours needed for the
earlier phases, it is likely that the final cost will come in lower than the predicted.
*Note: The costs found in the budget have been inserted for educational purposes
only, the client will not be expected to pay any amount of money to team members
or to Niagara College.
36
Phase 1 - Project Understanding Proposed Budget Final Budget
1.1 Detailed Lit Review $ 2,145 $ 968
1.2 Understand Ag Maps Function $ 780 $ 405
1.3 Cover Crops Research $ 1,935 $ 833
Phase 1 Total $ 4,860 $ 2,205
Phase 2 - Data Analysis

2.1 Classify and Quantify Data
Classify based on Drainage, Soil,
2.1.1 Climate, ect $ 1,875 $ 613
2.1.2 Classify based on Cover Crops $ 2,415 $ 1,140
2.1.3 Classify based on Plot Ranking $ 2,355 $ -

PHASE 2 TOTAL $ 6,645 $ 1,753
Phase 3 - Programming
3.1 Software Establishment $ 780 $ 390
Understand Programming
3.2 Requirements $ 975 $ 315
Learn Programming
3.2.1 Language/Software $ 7,800 $ 4,313
3.3 Begin Portal Creation $ -
3.3.1 Search Features $ 3,375 $ 2,810
3.3.2 Data Entry Forms $ 3,450 $ 2,435
PHASE 3 TOTAL $ 16,380 $ 10,263
Phase 4 - Assemblage of Data and Portal

4.1 Data Assemblage $ 3,900 $ 1,955
Accounts, Data Entry, Search,
4.1.1 Forum, Automated Email $ 2,340
4.2 Link to Ag Maps $ 1,950
4.2.1 Teleconferences $ 780 $ 195
4.3 Populate Database $ 1,950
PHASE 4 TOTAL $ 10,920 $ 2,150
Phase 5 - Final Product Creation and Report

5.1 Troubleshoot for Errors $ 1,740 $ 575
5.2 Final Portal Details $ 1,770 $ 1,355
5.3 Creation of Report/Presentation $ 4,875

PHASE 5 TOTAL $ 8,385 $ 1,930
Phase 6- Project Management

Project Management $ 5,850 $ 4,710
Project Management Total $ 5,850 $ 4,710
PROJECT TOTAL $ 53,040 $ 23,010

HST (13%)
TOTAL WITH TAX $ 59,935 $ 26,001
Figure 10109: Proposed and Actual Budget Comparison
37
Figure 111110: Proposed vs Actual Budget by Phases that have been started
Commented [U10]: Helpful if you could label the phases

with a name?
Formatted: Tab stops: 6.65", Right
10. Project Risks and Management
There are were some potential risks and challenges the team hads predicted to encounter during
the course of this project. The bulleted list below contains descriptions of these risks as well as
measures which will bewere taken to manage these risks if any arise.
 Possibility of Inadequate Software Capabilities: There is a risk of the software capabilities
being unable to match the requirements needed to provide the functionality required to satisfy
the needs of the portal. Limitations in software management strategies are detailed below:
o This risk was encountered as the story maps used presented many limitations in
functionality. The team has recommended mitigating this challenge through
downloading of the app source code so that it may be hosted on an owned website.
From there many of the limitations can be overcome by coding.
 Potential Loss of Data: When using computer software to build programs, there is nearly
always a risk of losing data. This may be due to software/ hardware crashes as well as hard
drive failures. Management strategies for this risk are detailed below:
o Loss of data has been managed by frequently making save copies of important
documents between team members as well as using reliable hardware storage devices
with effective back up operations. In addition, proper use, care and organization of all
38
files and hardware will be conducted to reduce the possibility of any circumstances
involving data loss.
 Change in Project Scope Due to Time Constraints: Despite the efforts placed in scheduling
and time management, there remains the possibility that that the project scope may be
affected by time constraints. This project has many tasks associated with its completion, with
the possibility at each stage that the exact time consumption may exceed previous Commented [U11]: Were there any time constraints? If
expectations and could potentially result in changes in the final product in order to ensure on so, spell them out
time completion for June 8th, 2018. Encounters and mitigation strategies for this risk are
outlined below:
o The use of planning and consultation has resulted in the project completion being on
schedule as planned
o Some time constraints prevented project features from being added as well as
limitations in the methods of project completion. For example, more time may have
made the option of raw coding more feasible.
o Overall the team was satisfied with the project’s completion and quality despite some
of the time constraints encountered
 Change in Project Scope Due to Software/ Programming Constraints: The final scope of
the project was predicted tomay require alterations due to the fact that there are some Commented [U12]: There was the potential of alterations
limitations in software which can be linked to Ag Maps. Encounters and management of this in the final scope but were there?
risk are found below:
o The story maps run on JSON; team members have learned and used this code to
improve the web app, however the raw code cannot be adjusted until the source code
is used to host the app on a separate website.
39
11: Project Deliverable
The final deliverable of the Crop Odyssey project can be found online, at the ESRI Story Map
website. The portal is currently accessible to anyone with the link to the page, allowing them to add
their own data to the page. Once on the page, using the “Share Your Experience” button, a user can
either sign in or remain as a guest before being brought to a data entry forrom. The form consists of
multiple input boxes, each with a specific purpose. There are four required fields, those being a photo
of the field, the location of where the photo/farm is, the cover crop being used, and the main crop
being grown in the field. Other optional fields include a description of the field, additional comments,
drainage, size, climate, problems encountered and a solution if one was found. These optional fields
contain additional data rather but are not required for the creation of an entry. Figure 12Figure 11 is
a screen capture of the Crop Odyssey: Ontario Cover Crops portal page and data entry form.
Figure 121211: Crop Odyssey: Ontario Cover Crops Portal
Data entered the Crop Odyssey entry form is saved into a table that can be accessed through
ESRI Webapps. This table contains fields that are linked to each of the data entry boxes and using
this the map admins can edit/alter/delete any entries that have been made. Using the web app, it is
also possible to analyze the data that has been entered, compiling it and drawing statistical
conclusions.
All of this is controlled through the JSON code from the Story Map, which links the data
table and the input from as well as the displays. It controls the storage of the data, format of the data
entry page and the mean by which the data display is generated.
40
12. Project Development Bold
Formatted: Heading 1, Left
This section summarizes key developments in the project, specifically major decisions which
impacted the project direction and why those decisions were made.
1. Data Classification
o Data classification had a strong impact on the contents and level of detail explored
with regards to cover crops. The team chose to create chart dividing information users
possessed (input factors) and information users may seek (output variables).
2. Post Data Classification
o Once a large portion of the data had been classified, the team was required to proceed
into developing ideas for a platform to be used. This was where the literature review
played a role as the team needed guidance given the large degree of freedom and
options for proceeding.
3. Literature review Conflicts
o A cover crop decision tool was the initial idea for completing the project, as users
would be able to receive cover crop suggestions/ information based on inputted
variables. This idea however had already been realized through the decision tool
referenced in the section 2. Literature Review. The team decided that the best way to Formatted: Font: 12 pt, Not Bold
proceed would be to innovate on the Crop Tour project completed by the Ontario Soil Field Code Changed
Network.
4. Software Establishment
o Once the team had decided to focus on the crowdsource data and mapping aspect of
the project, an established software was to be selected which would be feasible to use
and fit the project needs. Professionals recommended using ArcGIS Online resources
due to their ease of use and user friendliness, and it was at this time Story Maps were
discovered. Story Maps provided the ease of use, and opportunity to gather
crowdsourced information which made it the best candidate for the project platform.
Other options were available but the team had already been practicing with similar
software; making Story Maps the most viable option.
5. Programming Style
o Programming from scratch was an option for the project but also concerning as it
presented many challenges and uncertainties regarding user friendliness and
completion feasibility. The Story Maps required some coding for completion but it
ended up being manageable for the team in the given timeframe.
6. Software Finalization
o The team was satisfied with the final software and product created, however there
were still some issues with functionality and feature adding which needed to be
addressed before the project could be completed. These concerns have been identified
and outline in the Recommendations section of the final report. The team has
remained satisfied with the software and has worked to address any further concerns.
41
1213. Project Challenges
The section below summarizes specific challenges encountered during the completion of the
project.
 Difficulties Establishing Software

o Since the project is new and team members have limited programming
experience, establishing the proper software which will meet the requirements
of the final product has been a challenge.
o Contact through experts has resulted in a suggestion to use the Web App
Builder provided by ArcGIS Online. This software requires smaller levels of
programming expertise and has many options for organizing data.
 Challenges in Data Classification

o Data classification has been a challenge as team members were required to
decide on the level of depth to research into cover crops while also
maintaining a degree of simplicity for those who will use the portal. In
addition, classifying by plot size has been a challenge as there many different
extents of plot sizes, as well as plot size rankings which could be applicable.
o This challenge has been mitigated by constructing a table to sort the selected
classes of information which have been selected. In addition, the data field
used may be edited by the client afterwards if desired.
 Software Limitations
o Choosing the ESRI Story Maps as a platform for the portal offered
functionality, user friendliness and feasibility for completion, however there
were some drawbacks to selecting this software. There were many features the
team had planned to add to the web portal which could not be added due to
the limitations in options for the apps creation. These features included:
 Search features by keyword
 Drop-down menus for data entry
 Administrator approval of entries
 In app discussion/ communication features
o This challenge was mitigated through the recommendations section. The team has
discovered a method of hosting the app on an owned website which would allow for
freedom of editing all raw code, thus allowing for any additional desired features to
be added.
Formatted: Font: 20 pt, Bold
Formatted: List Paragraph, Indent: Left: 1"
42
Formatted: Font: Not Bold
1314. Conclusion
Formatted: Left
The Innovative Farmers Association of Ontario has acknowledged the potential value in cover crops
with their ability to help improve the quality of agricultural farmland for farmers across Ontario and
is implementing an opportunity to overcome some of the current drawbacks to their use. This has
beenis being achieved through the implementation of a new portal system in which users aremay be
able to anonymously search for and post information regarding drawback solutions for farmers who
are experiencing issues with the use of cover crops. This may include a range of issues which can
be difficult to solve regularly without a source of widespread information.
The PV Geomatics team is confident in their ability to have completed this project beginning inis
satisfiedhappy with the resulting product;, created between January 2018 and ending inand
completed June 8th, 2018, with an estimated budget of $2638,00120 including tax used. The team Commented [U13]: I have seen 3 different dollar
has created a functional web portal using the designed schedule and major task organization to track amounts – your letter says one thing, and your exective
summary says another. Which is it?
progress. This portal has been established with data collection and a remotely sensed base map to
map all of the data collected using the Esri Story Maps platform as a base. This platform allows for Formatted: Superscript
extensive features to be added and includes the option of hosting on a privately-owned website for
further freedom and control of its functions and applications if desired.
Using the abilities learned from these methodologies and the experience gained from attending
Niagara College the team has designed, created and will delivered the product which has fulfilled the
various needs of Innovative Farmers Association of Ontario farmers. Now that the project has
reached its completion and the project goal has been met, farmers are able to use the portal to discover
solutions to problems and share information, collectively improving the quality of cover crop
awareness and use. The team has developed a series of recommendations designed to provide
solutions for improvement of the project in the future, as there are many ways in which this product
can be improved further. These recommendations will also provide solutions which will overcome
some of the risks and challenges encountered by the team during the course of the projects
completion. PV Geomatics will deliver the final project to the client along with the submission of
this report to finalize the project’s completion and ensure client satisfaction.
43
1415. Recommendations
Upon completion of this project and delivery to the client, a series of recommendations have been
devised by the team to proceed with development of the portal afterwards. The team is satisfied with
the functionality and user-friendly qualities of the story map, however there were some missing
features and issues which should be addressed in the future. These recommendations have been
identified and describeds below:
 Host in Owned Website

o PV Geomatics has determined that hosting this app on a privately-owned website
would be the best way to continue the project, as it would allow for more control and
freedom regarding functionality. By hosting the story map in an owned website, the
client would be able to edit the source code and add any desired features which could
not be added in the base product. This would require a website to be owned by the
client with servers so that users could find and use the app.
 AdditionalMore Spatial Layers
o The team has determined that adding more spatial layers to the existing base map
would ad an element of visual aid which could present more environmental
information to users in an effective visual format. Example o f this could include:
 Provincial and county boundaries
 Soil data
 Climate data
 Drainage information
 More Data
o The team has suggested adding more base data to the story map by finding users and
sharing the story map to further test functionality and identify potential errors.
o Promotion of the story map, as well as adding of more user base data will help build
on the usefulness of the map and crowdsource content.
 Update Data Fields
o PV Geomatics has implemented data fields based on the research conducted in early
stages of project research, however it has been recommended that data fields be
updated continuously in the future to ensure that important data is not being excluded.
Additional fields of data such as those involving pest control/ pollinator attraction is
an example of field updates which could take place. Any additional data fields are
recommended so long as they do not disrupt the level of simplicity and user
friendliness present in the current story map.
 Use Source Code to Conduct Updates
o The team has suggested embedding the story map on an owned website so that new
features and customization, as well as other software limitations can be diminished.
Once the app is embedded, the client will have control and freedom to adjust the code
so that new features and functions can be added with no issues. PV Geomatics has
identified and provided several resources which assist with the process.
44
o Resources to assist with story map embedding:
o https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-
enterprise/uncategorized/embedding-story-maps-in-websites-and-blogs/
o https://developerscorner.storymaps.arcgis.com/an-introduction-to-hosting-your-
own-story-map-e2450181ad2f
o These resources provide detailed instructions for story map embedding and use. It is
recommended that one with technical experience in coding with JavaScript, JSON
(Java Script Object Notation), HTML and CSS (Cascading Styling Sheets) with
access to the client’s website code be given the opportunity to embed the story map
as some level of technical expertise and familiarity with coding will be required for
successful embedding. *It should be noted that once the embedded code is hosted
on another website, it will no longer be hosted on the ArcGIS Online website as
this would present conflicts with access and data.
45
Bibliography
Carlson, S., & Stockwell, R. (2013). Research priorities for advancing adoption of cover crops in agriculture-
intensive regions. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 125-129.
Fao GeoNetwork. (2017). Fao GeoNetwork. Retrieved from FAO GeoNetowrk:

http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home
Mailvaganam, S. (2017, May 7). Statistical Summary of Ontario Agriculture. Retrieved from Ontario
Minestry of Agriculture, Farms and Rural Affairs:
http://www.IFAO.gov.on.ca/english/stats/agriculture_summary.htm
IFAO. (2017). Agriculture System Portal. Retrieved from Ontario Minestry of Agriculture, Farms and Rural
Affairs:
http://www.IFAO.gov.on.ca/english/landuse/gis/WCAG_AGOL/index.html?appid=3cbd2393a1e54
8949450e21d90646353
Verhallen , A., Hayes, A., & Taylor, T. (2012, April 26). Cover Crops. Retrieved from Ontario Ministry of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs:
http://www.IFAO.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/covercrops.htm
46
Appendices
0
Appendix A: Terms of Reference
Contact Person & Organization Details
Contact Person Name: Jacqui Empson Laporte
Title: Environmental Specialist
Telephone: 519-482-1288
Fax: 519-482-5031
Email: Jacqui.empsonlaporte@ontario.ca
Organization Name: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
Address: 100 Don St. Clinton, ON N0M 1L0
Website: http://www.IFAO.gov.on.ca/english/
Date: July 26, 2017
Cover Crops Anonymous
Project Details
Project Background
Project Problem/Opportunity: :
There is a lot of focus and effort put forward by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs,
Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, and Conservation Authorities on promoting the planting
of cover crops in Ontario.
Cover crops are those crops that are not necessarily planted for economic gain. However, the crops are
planted to reduce soil erosion, improve water management, protect soil surface through the use of roots or
vegetation, and to improve soil health by increasing organic matter.
However, there isn’t a lot of focus on how to help farmers when something goes wrong. Things that can go
wrong include roots plugging up field tiles, cover crops that go to seed and become weed pressures,
opportunistic pests, and seeding/planting ratios.
Ontario farmers recognize the benefit value of cover crops, and are taking advantage of grant programs,
information days, and farm tours to improve their knowledge. However, the success or failure of cover crops
can also be dependent on weather patterns, soil types, drainage, and farming practices.
Business Goal:
FaFFarmers across the province have planted different types and combinations of cover crops. These farmers have
different soil types, slopes, drainage classes, etc. Some of the farmers have “demonstration plots” where they
try new things before expanding a practice across large acreages
We want to create a “Community of Practice” where:

- Farmers could search for other farmers who have planted certain cover crops or blends of cover crops to share
their experiences
- Farmers may want to find other farmers who are on similar soil types and heat units to compare these
experiences
1
From a research standpoint, we want to be able to compare apples to apples, so we need to “categorize” these
plots by validity:
- Lowest level – small plot, not replicated, less rigour to analysis and evaluation of results
- Medium level – mid size plots, replicated, maybe even with a control plot; Some level of analysis and
evaluation of results
- God Star – larger plots, replicated, with control plots, lots of data collection
The concept would be something like this:
- Farmers could log into a system called the Cover Crops Anonymous (this is the phrase we have been using so
far, but open to suggestions)
- The system could be linked to our Ag maps, so that farmers could add layers such as soil type, hydrologic soil
groups, drainage, etc
- Farmers could “log” their cover crop plot so that others could see it on the maps:
o We could ask them questions about the plots – what did you plant? What seeding rate? Why
did you pick the cover crop you chose? What are you hoping to achieve by using the cover
crop?
o We would also ask them questions about the size of the plots – how large is it? How many
plots? Do you have a control plot? What will you use to measure results?
o The algorithm in the program would then assign them into one of the three categories
- Farmers could then search the system to find cover crop plots that meet the criteria that they input
We are hoping that this might motivate people to put more rigour into their plots, and also that people would
be motivated to try new things if they had easier access to advice and evidence from their peers. They could
still get valuable information from someone in the lowest category of plots, but they could put whatever
weight on that information they choose. Its kind of like getting information from Buzzfeed versus Macleans
Magazine.:)
Primary Project Objectives [Provide a list of the project objectives.]

 Provide an opportunity to share experiences related to cover crops in a learning, positive environment of
their peers
 Promote continuous learning and the core value of improving soil health
Primary Project Deliverables [Provide a list of the project objectives.]
 Review the information available on the Ag Information Atlas portal that are important to growing crops
 Create a portal that people could select the amount of information that they were willing to share about
their experiences with cover crops (good, bad, and ugly)
 Develop layers of information that could focus people’s questions, comments and experiences on those
that are similar (weather, soil types, cover crop types, etc)
 Develop GIS layers that could be used in farm tours through the selection of various parameters
Requirements
Number of students required to 2
complete the project:
Equipment required (if any):
Data required (if any): Ag Maps portal information
Software required (if any): [Replace this text with specific software you require from us.]
Confidentiality [Please indicate if you wish to have any presentations closed to public]
2
OMAFRA: Cover Crop Portal
June 138th, 2018

1.0 Project Understanding 2.0 Data Analysis 3.0 Programming 4.0 Assemble Data and Portal 5.0 Final Product/Report 6.0 Project Management

2.4 Calssify and Quantify Data 4.1 Determine Functionality of Client Meetings
2.1 Detailed Lit Review 3.1 Software establishment 5.1 Troubleshoot for Errors
Portal Frame
Advisor Meetings
2.4.1 Classify based on 3.2 Understand Programming 4.1.1 Accounts, Data Entry,
2.2 Understand Ag Maps 5.2 Final Details of Portal
Drainage, Soil, Climate, ect Requirements Search, Forum, Automated
Email
Team Meetings
2.4.2 Classify based on Cover 3.2.1 Learn 5.3 Creation of Final Report
Appendix B: Work Breakdown Structure
2.3 Cover Crop Research

Crops Language/Stofware required and Presentation
4.2 Link to Ag Maps
2.4.3 Classify based on Plot

3.3 Begin Portal Creation
Ranking
4.2.1 Teleconferances
3.3.1 Search Features

4.3 Populate with base data
3.3.2 Data Entry Forms
Project No: 4785-2

3
Progress Report
2018
Activity January February March April May June
Task Week Starting 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
1.0 Project Understanding
June 138th, 2018

1.1 Detailed Lit Review
1.2 Understand Ag Maps Function
1.3 Cover Crops Research
2.0 Data Analysis

2.1 Classify and Quantify Data
2.1.1 Classify based on Drainage, Soil, Climate, ect Appendix C: Gant Chart
2.1.2 Classify based on Cover Crops
2.1.3 Classify based on Plot Ranking M
3.0 Programming
3.1 Software Establishment
3.2 Understand Programming Requirements
3.2.1 Learn Programming Language/Software Depends on course start date: Further goals are dependant on this M
3.3 Begin Portal Creation M
3.3.1 Search Features
3.3.2 Data Entry Forms
4.0 Data Assemblage and Portal Creation
4.1 Data Assemblage
4.1.1 Accounts, Data Entry, Search, Forum, Automated Email
4.2 Link to Ag Maps
4.2.1 Teleconferences
4.3 Populate Database M
5.0 Final Product Creation and Report
5.1 Troubleshoot for Errors
5.2 Final Portal Details
5.2 Creation of Report/Presentation M
Project No: 4785-2

4
6.0 Project Management
Appendix D: Project Overview Statement
Project Overview Statement (POS)

Executive Summary
Project Name: IFAO Cover Crops Portal Creation
Last Updated December 13th 2017

Date:
Author(s): Hayden Polski , Andrew Vsetula
Project Hayden Polski, B. Sc

Manager(s):
Project Andrew Vsetula, B.A.

Members:
Client Name: Jacqui Empson Laporte, Environmental Specialist,

jackquiempsonlaporte@ontario.ca
Client Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (IFAO)

Organization:
Project Business Case
Business Problem/Issue/Opportunity
Farmers across Ontario are utilizing cover crops but have no central database where they
can share information and reference solutions for problems they encounter.
Project Business Goal
To create a portal/system of cover crop information where farmers can share crop data. The
spatial database will be searchable with various parameters to find information relevant to
their needs.
5
Primary Project Objectives
Primary Project Objectives
● To research any past projects of similar nature in order to improve and adjust
methodologies.
● To create a portal for users to search and provide information regarding cover crops.
● To populate the portal with test data, determining the efficiency of the system.
Project Benefits
Project Benefits
● User friendly access to information about cover crops.

● Allowing farmers to optimize the use of cover crops and improve crop yields.
● Avoid potential issues/hazards that can arise as a result of cover crop management
challenges.
Primary Project Deliverables
Milestone 1: Project Proposal
● Deliverable 1.1: Initial project schedule.

● Deliverable 1.2: Time estimation.
● Deliverable 1.3: Understand project goals and final deliverables.
● Deliverable 1.4: Research previous projects to gain familiarity with the premise.
● Deliverable 1.5: Proposal report outlining overall project scope summarized in formal
report.
Milestone 2: Methodology
● Deliverable 2.1: Establish methodology for use possibly based on previous projects.
● Deliverable 2.2: Review and refine methodology once details of final product are
understood.
● Deliverable 2.3: Obtain and understand data used in methodology.
Milestone 3: Progress Report
● Deliverable 3.1: Develop a formal report summarizing all current progress.

● Deliverable 3.2: Address any concerns or constraints.
● Deliverable 3.3: Update cost and time estimates if necessary.
6
Milestone 4: Portal Creation
Deliverable 4.1: A system which allows users to plot crop status onto provided Ag maps
Deliverable 4.2: A portal linked to the maps which users may also provide information
regarding cover crops
Deliverable 4.3: Description
Deliverable 4.4: Final Report
Project Conditions
Project Assumptions and Risks
● Assumption that software used is capable of servicing this particular application.

● Assumption of no costs aside from student working hours.
● Assumption data will be readily available in a timely fashion upon request.
● Assumption any software used will be learned within the given timeframe.
● Risk of potential data loss.
● Risk of scope change due to time constraints.
Project Issues and Constraints
● 2017 faculty strike has delayed progress in software learning and limited ability to
prepare for project.
● Constraint that the absolute project deadline will be in June 4th 2018
● Some details involving the scope of the final product are currently unclear.
Project Critical Success Factors
Project Critical Success Factors
● Overall client satisfaction with completion of final product.

● All deadlines for required milestones are managed so that they can be met.
● All required software and methodology must be understood by students so that
important requirements regarding the quality and functionality of the product can be
met.
● Portal is easy to navigate by a person who is newly introduced to its usage.
● Information can be easily added by other portal users and viewed by others.
Project Duration Estimates
7
Project Phases Date Estimate
Project Start Date 2018-01-07
Phase 2: Data Analysis [2018-01-07] - [2018-02-10]
Phase 3: Programming [2017-02-11] - [2018-03-31]
Phase 4: Data Assemblage and Portal Creation [2018-04-01] - [2018-05-05]
Phase 5: Portal Creation [2018-05-06] - [2016-06-02]
Project End Date 2018-06-04
Approvals (Sign on dotted lines)
Prepared By Date
(Project Manager)
Approved By Date
(Project / Executive / Client Sponsor)

By signing this document, the above objectives, statements and dates have been agreed upon. However, due dates are only an estimate and are
qualified to change based on certain situations and issues.
Refer to http://www.tenstep.com/open/miscpages/94.3Glossary.html for terms used in this document.
8
Output Variables Based on User Input
Project No: 4785-2

Cover Crop Cover Crop Type Soil Drainage Concerns Benefits Climate Planting SeasonSoil pH Cost/ AvailabilityShade Tolerant
Can be more difficult to kill Excelent at holding nitrogen from
that other crops, timing and manures. Extensive root network.
method of culling is of a Competitive growth can supress weeds.
Sand/Loamy Does best in well great concern for maximum Returns large amount of organic matter Moderate shade
Rye Grasses /Gravely drained benifits to soil. Survives overwinter tollerance
Dry Prefernce- Well Plant by end of
Drained, does poor Needs to be killed off by Can be grown as both a cover crop and September for
Winter in saturated or early spring to prevent food crop. Nitrogen uptake varies over maximum
Wheat Grasses Variety droughty soil excessive drying of soil. growth cycle. Survives overwinter effectiveness
Does poor in
Establishes a canopy that smothers hot/dry conditions.
Poor cover and erosion weeds, lower nitrogen use than rye, die Prefers cool/moist.
Does well in moist, crontrol under hot and dry off in winter, returning ntrients to field. Temperatures Inexpensive and
Oats Grasses non-saturated soils conditions Can dry saturated seedbeds below -8C will kill it 5.5-6.5 readily available
Extensive root network, lower nitrogen Prefers cool/moist
absorption than rye. Winterkill, releases conditions. Winter
nitrogen back into soil. Supresses kill at -8C, but may
Slower height growth may weeds. High salt tollerence. Wind survive mild Inexpensive and
Barley Grasses Dry soils. affect suitabilty protection winters. Early Fall >6.0 readily available
Requires a greater deal of
management. Capable of
goriwng to 4 meters with a
woody feel. Ideal to cut back
when they reach 1 meter to
encourage root growth. Loosens subsoil, supresses weeds, adds
Sorghum Leave at least 6 inches of organic matter. Leave cutback on soil for
Sudan Grasses Moist soils stalk weed supression. Winterkill Plant in warm soils July-August 5.0-9.0
Perennial more
If planted with legumes, Poor in warm expensive than
mow to prevent Survives overwinter, Weed suppression temperatures, dry Ryegrass, readily
Medium - Tolerant of high smouthering. Cull before due to rapid growth, heavy nitrogen soils and poor soil Early Spring- available, cost
Ryegrass Grasses Heavy moisture spring to prevent seeding. feeder fertility Late Summer 6.0-7.0 may vary Yes
Nitrogen fixer, improves biomass and
Red Clover Medium - Host to several diseases and microbial conditions. Improves soil Prefers cool, moist
Dougal Cut Legumes Heavy insects, inculding nematodes structure and quality conditions 6.0-7.0 Yes
Nitrogen fixer, improves biomass and
Red Clover
Appendix E: Data Classification
Host to several diseases and microbial conditions. Improves soil
Single Cut Legumes Variety Drought tolerant insects, inculding nematodes structure and quality 6.0-7.0 Yes
Relatively
Requires high P and K levels. Efficient nitrogen fixer, excellent cover expensive,
Hosts Slugs. Slow growth/ once established. Improves soil Pereenial is less
Alfalfa Legumes Variety establishment infiltration and permeability >6.2 expensive
Sensitive to atratzine and Fixes nitrogen and attracts benefitial
Sweet Clover Legumes Variety Moderately Drained some group 2 hebicides insects Seldom overwinters 6.5-7.5
Drough tolerant

Hosts species of nematodes. once established. Seed by mid-
Can absorb excessive soil Overwinters and is August to
moisture if let grown too Fixes nitrogen and adds to soil tolerant of cold provide cover Widely available
Hairy Vetch Legumes Sandy Well Drained long biodiversity conditions for winter 6.0-7.0 at $1.25 US/lb
Field Peas Legumes Loamy/Clays Well Drained Can attract nematodes Benefits nitrogen
Must not let seed, sensitive
June 138th, 2018

to white mold and Effective at extracting phospherus, good
Buckwheat Non-Legume Variety Well Drained Rhizoctonia for organic crops Very Cold Sensitive
Nematode suppression can Winter kills under Seed in mid-
Oilseed be inconsistent. Avoid using normal winter August - early
Radish Non-Legume Loamy/Clays with Brassicas Good Nitrogen Scavenger conditions September No
Is expensive and
Must be weed free for Non-host for nematodes, supresses difficult to
Marigold Non-Legume nematode suppression nematode population, 2 year control Will winetrkill source
Author(s): Andrew Vsetula, B.A., Hayden Polski, B.Sc. Date:
Source:
2018/03/15
Data Retrieved from OMAFRA website, http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/cover_crops01/cover_types.htm

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June 138th, 2018 IFAO Cover Crops

PREPARED BY PV GEOMATICS FOR MS. JACQUI

Dear Ms. Empson-Laporte,

Andrew Vsetula, B.A., P.G. GIS GM

Cover Crops: Crop Odyssey Anonymous Project

June 8th 2018

Dear Ms. Empson-Laporte,

Hayden A Polski, B.Sc.

Cover Crops: Crop Odyssey Anonymous Project

6.2.1.3 Classify Based on Plot Size .......................................................................................................... 15 Formatted ...

6.5.2 Final Details of Portal ......................................................................................................................... 20 Formatted ...

1.2 Cover Crops

Formatted: Keep with next

Figure 3 Grass cover crop after growth (Vsetula, 2018)

3.2 Project Purpose

3.3 Project Benefits

Benefits associated with the completion of this project:

 Providesing access to valuable information to farmers across Ontario, improving the

Table 1: Project Benefits

3.4 Project Study Area

 A detailed literature review to help provide ideas for this project

Hayden A.Polski, B.Sc (Project Manager)

6.1 Project Understanding (Phase 1)

6.1.1 Detailed Literature Review

6.1.2 Understanding Ag Maps

Duration January 07, 2018 – February 10 2018

6.1.3 Cover Crop Research

6.2 Data Analysis (Phase 2)

6.2.1 Classify Data

Figure 665: Sample from classified data table

Duration January 28, 2018 – March 3 2018

6.2.1.1 Classify Based on Environment Conditions

6.2.1.2 Classify based on Cover Crop Type

6.2.1.3 Classify Based on Plot Size

6.3 Programming (Phase 3)

6.3.1 Software Establishment

Duration February 11, 2018 – February 17 2018

6.3.2 Understanding Programming Requirements

Duration February 11 2018 – April 7 2018

6.3.2.1 Learn Required Languages and Software

6.3.3 Begin Portal Creation

Duration February 11, 2018 – April 28 2018

6.3.3.2 Data Entry Forms

6.4 Data Assemblage and Portal Creation (Phase 4)

Duration May 6, 2018 – June 1 2018

6.4.1.1 Accounts, Data Entry, Search, Forum, Automated Email

6.4.2 Link to Ag Maps

Duration Removed from Project

6.5 Final Product and Report (Phase 5)

6.5.1 Troubleshoot for Errors

6.5.2 Final Details of Portal

6.5.3 Final Report and Presentation Creation

Proposed Project Resources:

Hardware  Niagara College GIS Laboratory Computers

Table 17: Proposed Project Schedule

Project Understanding Total Data Analysis Total

Figure 886: Actual Hours Spent per Phase

Proposed Working Hours Per Phase

Project Understanding Total Data Analysis Total

Figure 7: Proposed Hours per Task

9. Revised Final Cost Estimate/Budget

Phase 2 - Data Analysis