Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Chess Scandals
PERGAMON CHESS SERIES
AVERBAKH, Y.
Chess Endings: Essential Knowledge
BARDEN, L. W.
The Ruy Lopez: Winning Chess with 1P-K4
BELL, A.
The Machine Plays Chess?
�R.
1llc Oaess Combination from Philidor to Karpov
LE\'Y, D. N. L.
Lana Chess from the World Champions
"'l..lltOVIC, V.
1llc An of Attack in Chess
111NTER. E. G.
W:add Chess Champions
Chess Scandals
THE 1978 WORLD CHESS CHAMPIONSHIP
By
E. B. EDMONDSON
PERGAMON PRESS
OXFORD · NEW YORK · TORONTO · SYDNEY · PARIS · FRANKFURT
UL Pbpaoon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall,
Oxford OX3 OBW, England
U..5.A.. Perpmon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park,
Elmsford, New York 10523, U.S.A.
E . B . Edmondson
H awaii , September 1980
vii
Acknowledgements
E. B. Edmondson
viii
Contents
Introduction
The Antagonists
Site Selection 7
The Setting 9
Game 16
Game 2 20
Game 3 23
Game 4 31
Game 5 37
Game 6 47
Game 7 49
Game 8 62
Shaking Hands 67
Game 9 72
Game 10 83
Game II 90
Game 12 95
Game 13 99
Game 14 104
ix
X Contents
Game IS 109
Double Trnuble 113
Game 16 liS
Game 17 119
The Longest T imeout 125
Game 18 134
A Shorter Break 140
Game 19 142
Game 20 147
Game 21 154
Game 22 160
Game 23 166
Game 24 170
Game 25 174
Game 26 180
Game 27 182
Prelude to the Last Run 187
Game 28 189
Game 29 194
Game 30 200
Game 31 203
The Final Fracas 207
Game 32 213
The Marathon Ends 217
FIDE Follow-On 224
Forecast 227
Table of Results 229
Glossary 231
General Index 233
Introduction
THE ANTAGONISTS
1
2 Introduction
Official Challenger
Viktor Lvovich Korchnoi
Comba t Record
Hastings 1 9 71 -2
9 Queen ' s P awn Korchnoi
26 Reti Korchnoi 1
27 F rench Defence Karpov 1
28 Catalan Korchnoi 1
29 French Defence K arpov 1
30 Queen ' s P awn Korchnoi 1
31 Ruy Lopez Karpov 1
32 Queen ' s I ndian Defence Korchnoi 1
33 Catalan Karpov 1
34 Q ueen ' s· I ndian Defence Korchnoi 1
35 Queen ' s Gambit Accepted K arpov 1
7 6 22
THE PRINCIPALS
The Regulations for the Match designate the individuals in the following
positions a s P rincip al s . ( Th i s i s , of course , in a d d ition to the two pl ayers . )
The Seconds
Grandmaster Yuri Balashov , a l e a ding young Soviet p layer who finished 2nd
to Karpov in the 1976 U SS R Champion s h i p . H e i s but two y e a r s older t h a n
An atoly and t h e y apparently g e t a long w e l l togethe r . B a l a shov i s a w alking
encyclopedia of openi n g s and of games from important matches and tourna
ments of the p a st quarter century .
Grandmaster I gor Z aitsev , twelve y e a r s older than Karpov and one of the
U SSR ' s leading theoretic i a n s . Not previously all that prominent as a p l a yer ,
he became a Grandma ster in 1976 ( at the age of 37 ) .
Yakob "Yasha" Murey , a strong but untitled p l ayer and a recent emigre to
I s rael from the U SS R . On a personal b a si s , the closest secon d to Korchnoi ;
they were friends in Leningr a d .
Keen e , Stean ,
and Murey h a d succe s s fully a ided Korchnoi during his 1977
Candidates M atches ag ains t both Pol u g aevsky and Spas sky .
6 I ntroduction
Profes sor Lim Kok Ann , Singapore ( Chairman ) . A distinguished member of the
medical p rofe s sion who nevertheless found the time to become an out standing
contributor to che s s . The current P re sident of F I DE Zone 10 ( East A s i a ,
Austra l i a , and New Zealand ) .
THE JURY
The J ury is an " impartial body" responsible for interpreting the Regul
ations and for settling any points at i ssue which are not covered therein .
" I t should act for the mutually s a t i s factory solution of any unforeseen prob
lem , for elimin ation of friction and misunderstanding , and for giving con s i d
eration to opportunities a dvantageous to the Match and to F I D E ."
High-sounding but s a dly unre a l i stic goals ; it is seldom that any deci
s ion can fully sati sfy one p a rty to a d i spute , let alone all parties . Be that
a s it may , the Regulations stipulated that the J ury should consist of one
representative each of the World Champion , the Challenge r , and the org a n
izers ; an arbiter ; and the three neutral members . Re spectively , then :
Baturi n s k y , Leeuwerik , Campomane s , Schm i d , Lim , Edmondson , and Malche v .
The Offici a l Delegation for e ach s ide con s i sted of five persons ( names
a lready given ) : player , head of deleg ation , and three seconds . However ,
the Karpov g roup which traveled from the USSR a n d settled into Baguio City
for the duration tot aled fourteen person s . Alphabetically , here are the other
nine ; i n addition to forming part of a cocoon intended to ensure Anatoly s 1
Anatoly Kalashnikov , another " Spec i a l i s t in B iological P roce sses " , but p arti
cularly a s related to the food one con sume s .
A fifteenth " regul a r " , was Guennady Stepanov from the USSR ' s Embassy in
M a n il a ; he was a s signed to coordinate with and to a s si s t the Karpov group
in any way he could .
SITE SELECTION
The first hints of possible scandal in connection with the 1978 World
Championship M atch came as immediate reactions to the M a rch announcement
by F I D E P r e s ident Euwe that it would take p l ace in the P hi l ippines .
"Why not Europe ? " w a s the big question , s ince both players l ived there
and s i nce 6 of the 7 bids came from Europea n organ izers .
A second question , closely related , gradually surfaced : "Were attempts
m a de to i nfluence this dec i sion by ' under-the-table p ayments ' or ' secret
deals ' of any nature ? "
The a nswer t o t h a t second que stion i s a qu a l i fied Y E S .
To understand those qualifications - i n deed , t o understand t h e entire
selection process - one must know that F I D E Regulation s for the M atch pres
c ribed the follow ing cours e .
1. Sealed b i d s h a d t o b e delivered t o the F I D E Secretary not later
than five weeks after the end of the Final C a n d i dates Match , b e fore noon .
2. T h e F I D E P re s i dent opened those b i d s at noon sharp , five weeks
after the end of the F i n a l Candidates Match . A list of the proposed s ites
and p r i ze fund s was sent by cable that same day ( February 16 , 1978 ) to
each p l aye r , to the federation of e ach p l a yer , aPd to e a c h bidde r .
3. Each player , within two weeks , personally indicated h i s w. i s h e s i n
writing to the P resident .
4. Dr. Euwe selected a nd announced the s ite , taking into account
( prima rily ) the players ' wishes .
I n a scending order of prize funds , here a re the b i d s which were
received . To ensure relative stabil ity , payment in Swiss Francs was stipul
ated ; the doll a r amounts shown approximate those effective in l ate February
1978 .
CS - B
8 I nt roduction
Swiss U . S . Dollars
Fran cs'-'''-'' (at 1 . 8 SF to 1)
Lucerne , Switz e rl a n d 100 , 000 55 , 556
P a ri s , F rance 100 , 0001' 55 . 556*
11 Ciocco , I t aly 150 , 000 83 , 333
Graz , Austria 1 , 000 , 000 555 , 556
Hamb urg , West Germa ny 1 , 000 , 000 555 , 556
B a g uio City , P h il ippines 1 , 054 , 350 585 , 750
T ilb urg , The Netherl a nds 1 , 220 , 000 677 , 778
1' Plus 50% of the television rights
Let ' s face it , money is importa n t , even t o the pl ayers and the che ss
federations of socialist nation s ; therefore , Switzerl and , F r a nc e , and I t aly
were never truly in the running .
W ith the other four b idders each offe ring a huge prize fund , political
and per sonal preferences determined in what final order they would be listed
by t he two players . Korchnoi h a d originally sought a sylum in Amst e r d a m and
resided i n the Netherl a n d s for approximately a year after h i s defection.
Surely this h a d some b e a ring on the fact that T ilb urg w a s strangely ab sent
from the list which D r . Euwe received from Moscow . Karpov put Hamb urg
first , B a g uio City next , and Graz l a s t . Korchnoi , perhaps ha ving developed
a fondne s s for the mountains now t h at he resided in Switz e rl a n d , indicated a
preference for mount ainous loc a tions . He al so showed t h a t the money differ
ences matt ered li ttle to him ; Graz was h i s numb er one choice , followed by
Bag uio C ity , T ilb urg , and Hamb urg .
D r . Euwe obviously m ade the most logical decision when he announced
that Baguio City ' s bid was accept e d . I t would h ave been unt hinkable for
him to show favoritism tow a r d either pl ayer by choosing either Hamburg or
Graz , s i nce they were at oppos ite ends of the two l i s t s.
For several weeks after this announcement , m any dispar aging rem arks
were voiced and written in Europe . Their implication w a s that the P h il ip
pines would never have gotten this M atch if the pl ayers had not been
offered "something ext r a" . However , David Levy ( in t he May 1978 i s s ue of
Chess Life and Review) very neatly summarized the two m a i n points . "Cer
t a i nly l and all other chess fans in Europe will be very sorry if the m a tch
takes pl ace too far away for all but a handful of us to visi t , but one must
accept that the contest a n t s dese rve the right to determine the venue for their
st ruggle and to benefit from the s ub s t antial prize fund no matter where it is
offered ."
l:iut . . . "Were attem p t s made to influence this decis ion by ' under-the
t able p ayment s ' or ' secret deal s ' of any nature?"
OF COU RSE , and it would be n a ive to think otherwi s e . But t h e most
import ant qualificat ion - as related to me by two persons who should know -
is t h at s ide offers were m a de in connection with several of the original b i d s !
Hilariously enoug h , these side offers ch anged the total incom e s but not the
relat ive order of the monetary rew a r d s . The Netherl a n d s potential was still
the riche s t , followed by those of the P h ilippine s , West Germany , and Austria .
So , when all w a s known , extra monies and perquisites h a d no affect what so
ever on the fina l decision .
Another very important qualification is that side offers w e re not prohib
ited by the Regul ations a n d are neither illegal nor unus ual in any profes
s ional sport - which chess most certainly has become . For exampl e , con sider
t ennis a n d gol f . With s o m a n y tourn aments worldwide cl amoring for their
p a rt icip a tion , naturally the profe s s ional s ' choices of where to go are influ
enced by the avail ab ility and size of rel ated income s . Appearances m a de off
1<1<Editor ' s note : At the beg inning of 1978 there were approximately 3 Swi s s
F r a ncs t o t h e pound ( sterl ing ) .
I ntroduction 9
the playing surface but in connection with sporting events p a y well in other
l ines of ende avor - and they should in che s s , too , if we want our top per
formers to have the incentive of possible rewards commensurate with their
abilitie s .
Yes , the P hilippines m a de side offers a n d s o d i d the maj ority o f the
other bidders ; the outcome , oddly enough , w a s not affected there by .
On to the P h i l ippines !
THE SETTING
Although the future may hold even brighter promise , g reat strides h ave
been m a de c h e s s ically in Southe ast A s i a during the p a s t decade and nowhere
is t h i s more evident than in the Republic of the P h ilippine s . P a rticula rly on
the m a i n i s l a nd of Luzon , where M a n i l a is loc ated and where 48% of the
n ation ' s 46 million citizens reside , chess as a sport is second only to b a sket
ball . One sees chess for fun being p l ayed everywhere - in schooly ards ,
ba rber shop s , public p a r k s and private c l ub s . More form al leag ue and
tournament competitions for all ages and of every type merit a commendable
amount of attention in the press ; there is even a daily chess program on
television !
At national and international leve l s , the P hilippines h a s embarked upon
a p rogram designe d to make its forces highly competitive against all comers .
They a lready dominate the Asian Team Championships and fare remarkably
well in the biennial World Team Championships . The P h ilippine Chess Feder
ation boasts the only I nternation a l Grandm a sters in all of A sia and reg ula rly
hosts more than its quota of international events . It w a s this wonderfully
favora b le clim ate for the g ame which m a de the P h ilippines a natural to host
the first World Champion ship Che s s Match ever held outside of Europe or the
Americ a s .
* -;,'c
Baguio City
Summer capital of the P hilippine s , famous for its pine fore st s , cool
temperature s , and foggy a ft ernoon drizzles . Approximately 157 miles north of
Manila and 5 , 000 feet up in the rugged Cordillera mountains of Luzon .
There are six colleges and universities in B a guio , including the
P hilippine Milit ary Aca demy ( corresponding to B ritain ' s Sandhurst or the
U SA ' S West P oint ) . 1 10 , 000 regular inhabit a n t s , b u t at any given time there
will be a s many as 30 , 000 t r a nsients - students , tourist s , and other visitor s .
The twin-spired B a guio Cathedr a l , h i g h atop a prominent outcropping ,
looks down on a p l e a sure-oriented community . I t s sprawling m arketplace
offers a profusion of souvenirs , household good s , clothing , wood carvings and
other h a n dc r a fted native w a re . The city rightfully prides itself on the
v a riety and quality of its restaurants , specializing in F ilipino , Chinese ,
J apanes e , Americ a n , or European dishes . There is even a licensed g ambling
c a sino - one of only three in the entire country !
B a g uio , on average , is 18° F a h renheit cooler than the lowland s . When
M a n i l a swelter s through a humid 95° day , the temperature here will seldom
go above a p l e a s a nt 78° . Many wealthy Filipino families maintain p a l a t i a l
second homes h e r e and t h e y a re often i n res idence during t h e d r y months of
M arch , April and May . Which brings us to the one drawback of this moun
t a i n paradise - it receives more t h a n double the annual rainfall of M a n i l a .
J uly through October is the wette st time of year - which explains why the
accommodations needed for the Match were available from J uly 15 !
The Pines Hotel , near the center of the city , nestles within e a sy w alk
ing distance of the shopping di strict in one direction and of the playing h a l l
in anot h e r . Comfortable and friendly , it h o u s e s a Sw iss re staurant , a disco ,
an excellent coffee shop featuring f a s t service , a b a r and lounge , and the
a forementioned g ambling c asino. Long a center of social life for B a g uioite s ,
the P i n e s became headquarters for most of the che s s vi sitor s . I t was here ,
too , that the Korchnoi group w a s lodged by the Philippine Chess Federation .
Additionally , Viktor Korchnoi and his offici a l entourage of not more
t h a n five people h a d at their disposal a l a rge , quiet , and charming villa
( the property of one Sotero H . Laurel ) on the outskirts of B aguio City .
Karpov and company ( also M e s sr s . Campom a ne s , Sch mi d , and Edmondson )
were in The Terraces P laza , the only five- s t a r hotel north of Manila . L a rger
and far newer t h a n the P ines , it w a s quite g r a n d but loc ated inconveniently
far out on the edge of tow n . A car was a neces sity whenever one wished to
go shopping , to the playing h a l l , or to visit friends at the P ines . No prob
lem , though , as the F ilipinos provided a fleet of courtesy c a r s for we c h e s s
principa l s .
T h e Terraces h a d two excellent restaurants , one French a n d one J ap an
ese ( Ka rpov c a me to love the J apanese food ) , p l u s a coffee shop , disco , b a r
and lounge , swimming pool - a l l the amenitie s .
Karpov , too , h a d a n alternate residence p l aced a t the dispo s a l o f him
self and up to five members of his entourage . I t w a s a sp acious a n d fantas
tically modern hideaway belonging to a gentleman named Oscar Santos .
Neither player - nor any member of either delegation - could ever h a ve
the teeniest g rounds for d i s s a t i s faction with the arrangements made for him .
Not too long before , a P residential Decree officially designated B a g uio
City as a site for international , n a t ion a l , and regional convention s . The
main result of this w a s a newly-built Convention Center which opened j us t in
time to host this Match .
I nt roduction 11
respon s ib le to the players and arbiters 1 and included the following specific
prov 1 s 1on . "Communications with representatives of the players and arbiters
shall be opened early . The representatives ( one of each p layer ) and the
Chief Arbiter shall be invited to inspect the p reparations at least one month
before the beginning of the match . "
F lorencio Campomanes , always a c a reful planner and also a bit of a
gamble r , went the Regulations one bette r . On the a s sumption that the P h i l ip
pines would be in the running , he began communicating before the Match
bids were even submitte d . From J an u a ry 9 through 1 4 , 1978 , t h e P hilippine
Chess Federation hosted a meeting of the nine-member Bureau of F I D E . A
12 Introduction
special guest at this meeting w a s none other than Viktor Baturi n sky , Karpov s 1
representative-to-be .
The Bure a u Members and Mr . B a turinsky were invited t o M a l a c a n ang
P al ace and met His Excellency , Ferdinand E. Marco s , Pre sident of the Repub
lic of the P hilippine s . Quite a demon stration of high-level interest in che s s .
Then they were taken o n a trip t o B a g uio , where they saw the Convention
Center nea ring completion and enjoyed the restaurants and hotel accommo
dation s . Also the lovely climate in J an u a ry . Mr . B aturinsky no doubt
reported favorably to Anatoly Karpov - when the time came - upon the B a guio
City facilitie s .
Nor w a s M r . Campomanes neglecting the other side ; he m a de at least
one trip to Europe especially to work his magic on Viktor Korchnoi .
D r . M a x Euwe also attempted to foresee and to forestall certain diffi
cultie s . A s early a s M arch 6 , the F I DE P resident wrote a letter which sought
to b ring about an agreement between the g l a diators on those p rocedural
matters which had been at i ssue during e a rlier matches .
When the 1977 Semi-F inal Candidates ( against Polugaevsky) h a d com
mence d , Korchnoi expre s se d his desire to play under the Netherlands flag .
He had just won the Dutch ch ampion ship and felt entitled to play under
those colors . The Soviet Delegation , heade d by none other than Viktor
B a turinsk y , objected because Korchnoi had not been in the Netherl a n d s for a
full y e a r . Keene and Ste a n , indulging in their own brand of h umor , did
l ittle to a lleviate the problem when they sugge sted that Korchnoi be permitted
to fly the Jolly Roger !
On September 20 , 1977 , Korchnoi w a s g ra nted permiss ion to reside in
Switzerland . That autumn , in Belgrade , it w a s Korchnoi vs . Spas sky in the
Final Candidates M atch . The Soviet Delegation ( he a ded this time by Grand
m a ster Bonda revsky ) again insisted that there be no flag for Korchnoi . So
only one flag appeared on the g ame table , that of the USSR ; according to
some ( a dmittedly prej udice d ) report s , S p a s sky a nnoyed Korchnoi once or twice
during play by nudging this flag toward him .
Obviously , one could anticipate that the flag question would be raised
at B a g uio City ; therefore , Florencio Campomanes did his best to a n swer it
befor e h a n d . O n M a rch 23 , 1978 , he wrote a letter t o Viktor Korchnoi in con
firmation of several points on which they h a d previously reached verbal
a g reement . One p a ragraph rea d : "You w a ive the right to have a nation a l
f l a g displayed and a nation a l anthem p l a y e d during t h e match ." Viktor
signed this letter to indicate his concurrence .
On June 1 0 , 1978 , there w a s an inspection of facilities and a conference
in B aguio City . P resent were : Mrs . Pet r a Leeuwerik , representing the
Challenge r ; Chief Arbiter Lothar Schmid ; Deputy Arbiter M anuel F . L a r a ;
and Chief Org a ni zer Florencio Campom a n e s . We quote several pertinent para-
g r a p h s from the report of that conference .
letter of the 6th of M arch , 1978 and conference 1 s communique held in Bag uio ,
J une 10 , 1978 . " I n their entirety , here are the hot paragraphs from this
letter .
5. Flags
According to Section 6.44 the n a tiona l flags of the coun tries of the
players shall be displayed on the stage . In accordance with the so
m a ny years of practice of the officia l FIDE ch amp ionships as well as of
championships in other sportsfields, sportsmen should play u n der the
cou n tries 1 n a tiona l flag they are citizens of.
A ccording to official FIDE ra ting-list of Jan u a ry 1 , 1 9 78 , Mr. Korchnoi is
indicated as b eing "sta teless" (pa ge 12) . If the present situa tion h a s
n o t ch a nged, and the cha llenger h a s n o t secured a n y citizenship a s yet,
then he m u s t play without flag, as wa s the case in the 1 9 77-1 9 78 Can di
d ates Match e s . World Champion doesn 1 t obje-:t to Ch allenger p laying
u n der a white fla g with the "sta teless" inscribed thereon .
6. Players 1 Ch a irs
World Ch amp ion 1 s preference is tha t players be sea ted In the identical
ch a irs provided by the organ izers of the m a tch .
Since Section 6 . 5 foresees the right of the p layers to specify a n d rep lace
their ch a irs, World Champion cannot object to Cha llenger 1 s wish to h a ve
his own ch a ir brough t specia lly from a broa d . However, this ch a ir m u s t
14 I ntroduction
ta ble and only the flags of FIDE, the Philippines , and the Soviet Union
on the stage . Mr. Campomanes said tha t the arrangement of the flags
m u s t be according to diploma tic protocol. Mr. Baturinsky s a id tha t he
would not object to Col . Edmondson 1 s solution since it is according to the
ma tch regula tion s . The meeting recessed to a llow Mrs . L eeuwerik to con
s u l t by telephone with Mr. Korchnoi.
8. The meeting resumed a n d Mrs . L eeuwerik reported th a t Mr. Korchnoi
wished first th a t the Jury would vote on his petition to use the Swiss
flag. Then , as a n a l terna tive, Mrs . L eeuwerik sta ted tha t Mr. Korchnoi
would accept Col . Edmondson 1 s compromise proposal on the flags if it
also included Mr. Korchnoi 1 s right to h a ve a short m u s ical selection of
his choice p layed during the opening ceremony.
9. The Ch airm a n ruled th a t the m u s ic ques tion should b e deal t with separ
a tely a n d the Jury voted first on the proposal th a t Mr . Korchnoi be per
mitted to use the Swiss Flag. This proposa l was defea ted by 4 No, 2 Yes ,
a n d one A b sten tion .
1 0 . The Jury then voted on Col . Edmondson 1 s proposal as sta ted in paragraph
7. It was approved with 6 Yes votes a n d one A bstention .
1 1 . The Jury then discussed the q uestion of m u s ic to be played for Mr.
Korchnoi and it was a greed without voting tha t Mr. Korchnoi could h a ve
a p iece of "cl a ssical m u sic" played for him, the exact p iece to be dis
cussed between Mrs . L eeuwerik and Mr . Camp omanes the next day.
chosen to h ave p l ayed the f i n a l movement , "Ode to Joy " - originally entitled
" Freedom" .
Once these sour moments h a d p a s sed , the impre s s ive ceremony flowed
along without another hitch . Guests , Match Official s , and P rincipals were
introduced and then Chief Arbiter Schmid preside d over the drawing for col
ors , which was done in the tra ditional manne r . Karpov put his hands
behind h i s back , shook two p awns in them , then extended both h a n d s tow ard
Korchnoi . The C h a l lenger pointed to the Champion s left h a n d and g ained the
1
first move in g ame one when Karpov opened that hand to reveal a white
p awn .
Next c ame remarks by F I D E P r es ident E uwe and by J us tice Federico B .
Moreno, Pre sident o f the P hilippine Che s s Federation . L a s t but certainly not
least , the Keynote Addre s s by P r e s i dent and P rime Minister Ferdinand E .
M arcos , who brought the ceremony t o a close when h e s a i d " I hereby dec l a re
the Worl d Chess Championship officially open" a n d c l a sped hands simultan
eously with Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi .
On the morrow , hopefully , the fireworks away from the board would
cease and p l ay would begin .
GAME ONE
One of the few things which Karpov and Korchnoi h a d been able to
agree upon during the preliminary skirmishing w a s that neither c ared for the
c h e s s pieces intended for their use . Those piece s , they mutually felt ,
should be replaced by a weighted set of the origi n a l Staunton pattern . But
a s e a rch of B ag uio City failed to unearth such a set ; therefore , l a st night
the office of the P h i l ippine Chess Federation in Manila w a s in structed to find
one and to h ave it flown to Baguio.
The P CF staff located a lovely J a ques set , a prized posses s ion of M a n i l a
businessman-lawyer M a n u e l Z amor a , w h o graciously and optimistically con
sented to place it on loan for the duration if doing so would help to get the
match started on time and bring it to a rea sonably peaceful conc l u s ion .
At 4 : 05 pro , j ust 55 minutes prior to the scheduled s t a rting hou r , Chief
Arbiter Lothar Schmid heard the distre s s ing news that Mr. Zamora ' s set was
not yet i n B ag u io City . It had been impos sible for a plane to land on our
mountain-girt and fog-enshrouded a i r s trip t h i s morning , so the tre a s ured
pieces were being t r ansported overla n d . A courier h a d departed from M a n i l a
by motorc a r at 1 : 20 pro on the normally five-hour j ourney t o the p l a y i n g site .
No way for today ' s g ame to begin on time !
At 4 : 40 pro , it still appeare d that circumstances woul d force Gra nd
ma ster Schmid to choose between the tiger and the l a dy . Should he delay
the opening g ame or should he force the contestants to commence play using
pieces which neither of them fancied?
To the m a s sive relief of the arbite r , the organizer s , and the a s sembling
a udience , a m i nor miracle occurre d . With what must have been the P hilip
pine ' s most dextrous driver at the wheel , the s aviour vehicle a rrived with a
very few moments to spare . The J a ques set w a s on the t able at 4 : 58 pro a n d
g ame o n e began exactly a s scheduled at five o ' clock . T he players seemed
totally unaware of the near miss and they were model s - well , nearly models
- of gentlemanly conduct for the next hour and forty-five minutes .
There were no more than 200 spectators in the 1000-seat a uditorium when
Schmid s t a rted the clock , and Karpov looked up i n surprise at the sound of
applause a s he replied to Korchnoi ' s first move . The ovation was for P re si
dent M arcos , who entered at that moment and seated himself directly in front
of the stage . Alongside the P resident in the row of chairs reserved for
distingui shed visitors were Valerian V . Mikhailov , Amb a s s a dor of the USSR to
the Republic of the P hilippine s ; F I D E P re s ident and Mrs . M a x Euwe ; FIDE
General Secretary I neke Bakker ; Federal J ustice a n d Mrs . F e derico B . Moreno
( J u stice Moreno is Pre sident of the P h i l ippine C h e s s Federation ) ; and Cos
monaut-P ilot Vitaly Seba s t ianov , twice-decorated Hero of the Soviet Union and
now C h a irman of the U SS R Chess Federation .
16
Game One 17
Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen ' s Gambit Declined
1 c4
12 dxc5
18 Nd4
Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation
1 e4 e5
.ft A maj ority of the j ourn a l i s t s present had predicted the French Defence ,
a lthough the move actually played is no novelty in the C h a l lenger ' s reper
.toire .
And we have the Open Ruy ; Korchnoi h a s made fre quent use of it in
years p a s t . .ft
Karpov h a d rea son to thread h i s way very carefull y ; after a l l ,
Korchnoi was the chief analyst for this v a riation in the Encyclopedia of
Chess Openings .
Karpov thought for quite a while on his 13th move . Korchnoi went.
away from the table and lounged in h i s easy c h a i r , not even g la ncing
toward the demonstration board . H i s attitude imp l ie d thorough prepa ration
20
Game Two 21
.ft Here both Belyavsky and Smyslov replied to Karpov ' s move with 14
ReS ; in each instance , White got sl ightly the better position . So , the
Challenger has come up with a new continuation . .ft
Ka rpov think s on h i s 15th move for what seems to be ages . Apparently
the Korchnoi team has come up with a surpri se !
15 h3 Bh5 16 cxd4
.ft Now the game goe s to an ending practically by force , a n d one somewhat
more p l e a s a nt for White . T here a re sharper variation s , howeve r , which
might even be stronge r . For example : 16 b4 d3 17 B b 1 Bxf3 18 gxf3 Na4
1 9 Bxd3 . ft
At this point Karpov h a d used 49 minutes to Korchnoi ' s 4 . T ime cou l d
h ave figured in Ana toly ' s deci s ion t o avoid t h e sharper l ines .
T h i s ideal move demon strates the point to B l ack ' s 18th ; there is no
favorable way of driving out the knight , which c a n be very sharp in this
position . White h a s to play preventively .
21 Red1 Rfd8
22 Game Two
22 Qxc7
White ' s b i shop is somewhat more active than the opposing knight , but
with the material left on the board such a n a dvantage i s a t most theoretica l .
P e r h a p s this would have been the proper time t o bring u p the king , since
Black ' s knight would not have been able to maintain i t self on c4 in any
event . ft
After making move 24 , Ka rpov finally - a n d for the first time in two
games - rose from his seat a t the table . He walked off stage and dis ap-
peared for a couple of minute s . Looking for refreshment s , or . . . ?
24 . . . f6 25 Bb6
ft A typical solution to such an e n d g ame ; the best place for Black ' s
kingside pawn s . Now on 28 f4 Ng6 29 g 3 , White h a s to cope with 29 . . . h4
and his pawns on the k ing side a re not so s a fe .
2 8 Be3 K f7 29 f4
Korchnoi-Karpov
Nimzo-lndian Defence
1 c4 Nf6 2 d4 e6 3 Nc3
ft Something new in Korchnoi ' s rel at ionship with K arpov - he has never
before allowed a N imzo- I ndian between them .
3 Bb4 4 e3 cS S Nge2
can recall but one other time - a g a i n s t Spas sky - where Korchnoi
played this move . A very sharp v a r i ation a n d White h a s good pos sibilities
on the kingside .
K a rpov encourage s the advance of the enemy c-pawn a n d also delays
somewhat the a dvance of h i s pieces , striving for counterplay on the queen
side .
While w a iting for Korchnoi to make move 1 2 , Karpov l ifted his head
a lmost c a s u a l ly a n d stared directly at h i s opponent for a full thirty seconds .
Then , a lmost as if catching himself, he lowered h i s g aze a n d kept it fastened
resolutely on the positio n .
cs - c 23
24 Game T hree
The Laws of Che ss coul d not begin to list every action which might
distract or annoy an opponent , which players are forbidden to do by Article
19. 1 (c ) . But perhaps the Champion had rec a l l e d a dictum expre s se d by
Yugoslavia ' s Svetozar Gligoric : "The rules of good manners ask for concen
tration upon the board . "
14 . . . g6
15 Khl
ft Very subj ectively , I think more aggres sive would h ave been an immed-
i ate 15 g4 . For the time being , however , the Challenger i s refraining from
overly-committing continuations . ft
Making h i s move instantly , Korchnoi headed stra ight back to h i s e a sy
chair and poured hot honeyed tea from the thermos which he a lways b r i n g s
onstage . More quick energy , p l u s it c l e a r s t h e fuzzy chocolate coating from
h i s mouth .
17 R a e l b6
18 Rf3
20 . . • Qxb6 2 1 g4
2 1 . . . Qc7 ! 22 f5 exf5 !
It might seem that Black obt a i n s counterplay with 22 . . . Qf4 , but after
23 fxe5 fxe5 24 Qd1 (a very strong move ! ) Bd7 25 Bxa4 , h i s position
d i s i ntegrate s .
23 gxf5 Qd6
The threat w a s 24 f6 .
23 Qf4 falls short again : White h a s at h i s dispos a l the very
powerful move 24 Bd3 ! , with the ide a 25 Bb5 ; and the piece sacrifice 24 . . .
26 Game T hree
29 Qg5 Qg6 30 Qh4 Qe6 Drawn , since the repetition of moves is logi
cally forced . T imes used 2 : 23 - 2 : 17 . .ft.
The g leeful relief of the Soviets in the a udience when the point w a s
split emphasize d that throughout the g a m e they b e lieved their Champion t o b e
i n serious trouble . Viktor B aturinsky , who is constantly solicitous of
Karpov ' s well-being , embraced Florencio C a mpomanes a n d s a i d "Now I believe
that we s h a l l be enj oying your hospitality for six month s . " Considering its
source , a rema rk a b le admis s ion of the fact that Korchnoi i s an extremely
worthy Challenger !
The Yogu rt Wa r
July 24 , 1 9 78
Mr . L othar Schmid
Chief, Arb iter, World Chess Ch ampion ship
Respectfully yours,
(Origin a l s igned)
VIKTOR BA TURINSK Y
Vice-Presiden t
Soviet Chess Federation
cc: D r . M. E u we - FIDE Presiden t
Mr. Florencio Campoma n es - Ma tch Orga nizer
Cha llenger 1 s Represen ta tive
July 25, 1 9 78
Mr . Viktor Baturinsky
Vice-Presiden t
Soviet Ch ess Federation
Respectfully yours,
(Original signed)
LOTHAR SCHMID
Chief Arbiter
cc: Korchnoi Delegation
Mr. Florencio Campomanes
Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation
31
32 Game Four
Gavin Young
The copyrigh t on the a b ove-n amed article is held by The Observer of L on don,
England. We a cknowledge with thanks th e permission given by The Ob server
L imited to extract from it the following.
F ive o ' clock sharp , Korchnoi and Karpov enter from the w i ng s , right
a n d left . You a l most expect them to p r a nce downstage a n d , grinning , swing
into a soft-shoe shuffle to a n i n v i s ible orche str a .
B ut no. T h e i r approach to the floodlit t able with the black a n d white
pieces set out , a l l ready under the huge " silence" notic e , i s sedate .
Korchnoi t a l le r , s lightly bow e d , balding , l ike a friendly bear . Young
Karpov , a w i s p of a man , brown h a i r falling boyishly over one eyebrow ,
slig htly fl atfoot e d .
T hey p a y n o attention t o t h e a udience , a c arefully m e asured 4 1 feet
awa y , or to each other . T hey shake h a n d s ( touch h a n d s , r e a lly ) with a
b l i n d , abstracted a i r . It is not dislike , Korchnoi told me . It is s imply
t h a t , to each of them , the other might not be there , in that concentrated
moment .
T h e audience whispe r s . The c ameramen a re b a n i s he d . The fra i l m a n
i n the l ight b l u e s u it ( Ka rpov ) t e s t s h i s white chair , rests h i s elbows on the
t able , locks his h a n d s over his mouth l ike a s quirrel munching an acorn ,
bends h i s flared trouser-l e g s under him a n d crosses one brown show over the
othe r , pale eyes fixed on the boa r d .
Korchnoi , in h i s special $15 , 000 g reen c h a i r , unhurrie dly l e a n s forw a r d ,
a d j u s t i n g between finger a n d thumb d a rk g l a s s e s which h a v e mirror surfaces
to block Karpov ' s unnerving stare .
Silence . T h e n eight m inute s of move s - a lmost a flurry . It subsides ,
a n d Korchnoi g e t s up a n d strol l s away , h a n d s i n coat pocket s , to a n arm
c h a i r on the e dge of the stage . There he sits dow n , cross e s his leg s , a n d
c almly w atches F i lipinos struggle to m ark up the move s o n t w o h u g e boards
on each s ide of the stag e .
T h rough binocul ar s , I s e e Karpov ' s smooth cheeks twitching s lightly ,
h i s l i p s very slightly pursing a n d unpursing , as he ponders Korchnoi ' s
move . He ponders it for 20 minutes . He may ponder it for 20 mor e . P eople
le ave for a drink .
T here ' s no hurry . T h i s tournament is boun d to go on for three month s ,
m aybe much longer . Ches s , we a l l k now , i s s low , like elephants making
love . But here the slow n e s s suddently a stoun d s you .
Every other evening , perhaps until Christma s , these two men w i l l enter
t h i s h a l f-empty 1 , 000-seat h a l l , and p l a y chess from 5 p m to 10 pm , until
one of them has won six g ames .
33
34 Duel in a Damp Shangri-La
"No, no , " he said quickly , "You see , I ' m not interested in that . "
Stean s a id , " I can ' t remember verse . even forget my key in my
room . " He c a n remember telephone numbers .
Most people , Keene says , are a t their chess peak a t about 30 - h i s own
age , as it h appens . Korchnoi , 47 , i s , statistically spe akin g , over the h i l l .
"But Viktor is an exception to a l l the rules . "
U nder the B a g uio convention h a l l , when the play is on , the p l ayers '
secon d s , security men a n d j ournalists wa nder about between a restaurant , a
telex room a n d two b a r s .
T angle-ha ired Grandmasters fling pieces about chessboards in a h a ze of
smoke , trying to work out what the two T i t a n s on the stage overhead are up
to.
We watch in sweaty heat despite air conditioning . A German Grand-
ma ster is booming "How to l iberate Ka rpov ' s position , which is p a s sive ? " It
sounds like a tricky question .
As the five hours drag on , tell myself to remember never to ask
a nyone "Who ' s w i n n i n g ? " The reply would be a lmost a s devastating a s a
flamethrower .
At one point , am s lammed amicably into a chair by the excitable
F i l ipino org a nizer of this million-doll a r wing ding , F lorencio Campomanes , and
simult aneously b e a r-hugged by j oy fu l Soviet cosmon aut Vitaly Seb a s t ianov , a
two-time Hero of the Soviet U nion , two red ribbons with stars on h i s l a pe l ,
a n d a full tumbler o f neat vodka in h i s powerful h a n d .
"Name? Youn g ? Ha , you a l w a y s young man . " W e drink several
tumblers a n d he tells about fly ing through s p ace in Soyuz a n d Salyut .
"Come home , " he bawl s , h anding me his a ddre s s . " St a r-Tow n , Moscow . "
When I leave , my notes are sodden with vodk a , my cheek scratched by
meda l s .
I n the P ines cafeter i a , Y a s h a Murey , a young R u s s i a n in Korchnoi ' s
p arty who recently left R u s s i a for I sr ae l , s a y s to Campomanes , " B e d noos
forr you . " " B a d new s ? " "You h e f fetal kees . " "My k i s s i s fatal , h a ! " "No ,
no . B aturinsky he kees you lest n ight . Fetal . Maybe you die . "
I decide to beard B a turinsky . A deep voice answers the telephone from
room 242 . "J ' ai one meeting at onze heures , " he say s . The r ' s roll like
b a l l s i n a sk ittle alley . " M a i s possible for y o u at quatre heure s , four
hou r s ? "
A t four o ' c lock , over coffee , we meet . B aturin sky is short , v a stly
tubby , b a l di s h , wears specs . He looks to me like an old Hollywood comedy
actor of the 1 950s called "Cuddles" Z a k a l . Through a smooth , b lond inter
preter in a b l ue b l a ze r , he s ay s : " T h i s yogurt business , r idiculou s . And
they s ay we held Korchnoi back to adva nce our pet K a rpov . Quite untrue . . . " .
B aturinsky b low s out thick smoke from a fat c i g a r .
Doe s Karpov - so thin - need special food? " Some . B ut that ' s in the
confidence of our cook . " Can I see the cook? B aturinsky smile s , puffing
smoke . " N o . Sorry . He ' s not around . "
He adds : " You know , the Korchnoi people say I have no humor . But
those who know me say that I am a humorous m a n . M y age? Wel l , was
born in 19 1 4 , b u t t h a t i s not t h e rea son t h e Grea t War beg a n . " H e beams .
" I l ike that , " I say .
I say the Korchnoi people claim h i s team is in touch with Moscow to
receive che s s a dvice . "Yes . " Smoke envelopes me from both sides .
"Through the cook . 007 ! L a te r , w� may bring up space rockets . "
I say I ' d l ike to see Karpov . " I ' ll do my b e st . " We s h ake h a n d s .
s ay : "And the cook? " He turns to the interpreter , puzzle d : " E n g l i sk i
humo r ? " And he w addles away , t r a i l i n g smoke .
I s aw A natoly Karpov ( Tolya to h i s team ) in the lobby at ten paces .
P eople say he weighs only 1 15 pounds . He certainly looks frail .
He h a s a romantic look . I n fact he l i k e s reading Lermontov , the
R u s s i a n rom antic . He has few friend s . N o g i rl s . He i s c a utiou s , defe n s ive
36 Duel in a D amp Shangri-la
Korchnoi-Karpov
Nimzo- Indian Defence
Both sides made their first 9 moves very r a p i dly . T hen Karpov p l ayed
moves 10 through 1 3 almost immediately but Korchnoi spent several minutes on
e ach of the m . While Viktor thought , Anatoly slowly paced the stage , h a n d s
behind his back . Today he s e e m s t h e better prepared o f t h e two ; will
Korchnoi f i n d a w ay t o v a ry and still m a i n t a i n a sound g a m e ?
D r . Zouk h a r h a s preempted t h e same seat as in game four ; second row
left . Head down , stare fixed constantly on Korchnoi .
14 f3 ! ?
37
38 Game Five
T here does not seem to be any other way for White to develop his in it
i ative ; he must h ave h a d a kingside storm in mind when making h i s 14th
move . .ft.
To here , Korchnoi had used twice as much time as h i s opponent . Karpov
frequently relaxed in his easy chair , g a zed mostly out over the audience but
occ a s ionally in Korchnoi ' s direction .
.ft. Force d by the threat of 23 Bxf6 , but at the s ame time this is a useful
move which strengthens B l a ck ' s position . .ft.
23 g4
The storm out side worsened ; the l ights flickered several times a n d the
drumming rain became highly audible but t h i s sound apparently did not
bother either K .
Exactly a t 7 : 1 5 , a s Karpov thought heavily on h i s 23rd move , a w a iter
b rought violet-colored yog urt . He w a s escorted to the stage-left steps by
Ma nuel Lara ; met there by Chief Arbiter Schm i d , who escorted him to the
table and then offstage via the steps to the right . Per Schmid ' s instruction s ,
this routine will b e followed hereafte r .
T h rough it all , Korchnoi sat in h i s e a s y chair , munching o n chocol ate .
At 7 : 1 9 , T yphoon Emang knocked out B a g uio City ' s power supply . The
Convention Center was in complete d a rk n e s s except for b attery-operated
emergency lights around the stage ' s perimete r . Lothar Schmid stopped the
clock a n d sent Karpov away from the board . ( Schmid had prior experience
in a similar situation ; at Buenos Aires in 1 97 1 , the auditorium l ights failed
b r iefly during a F i scher-Petrosian g a me . )
The ever-resourceful F lorencio Campomanes h a d anticipated even thi s .
Within one minute , a portable generator which h e h a d in structed the Center ' s
en gineer to h ave on standby w a s ope r ating a n d our h a l l became the only
fully-lighted building in all of B a g u i o .
A s soon a s t h e l ights came back on , Korchnoi poured tea from his
thermos a n d drank deeply , draining the l arge cup .
26 Rcl Ne7
27 Rxc6 Qxc6
Now I received the strong impre s s ion that Korchnoi felt he must first
beat the clock ; beating Karpov would have to come after t h a t . ( Viktor
b arely did make the time control - with seconds remaining - on his 40th
move . )
.ft. F inding h imself in a difficult position , Ka rpov resourcefully seeks out
ways to stir up counter-play . T h i s move induces a weakening of White ' s
queen ' s wing .
cs - 0
40 Game F ive
42 . . . Nh7
ft As l ater became known , Korc hnoi ' s staff had mainly considered 42 ...
Ne6 a n d 42 . . . QgS . ft
43 BeS QgS
Viktor Korchnoi now fel l into a deep study , a s though not fully prep
a red for Karpov ' s 42nd a n d 43rd moves .
46 Rgl Re8
47 Be4 !
50 • • • Rxgl
55 Be4+ ? ?
57 Qg4+ Kd3
58 Qf3+
58 . . . Qe3
82 Ke7 Ke5 83 Kf7 Kd5 84 Kf6 Kd4 85 Ke6 Ke4 86 Bf8 Kd4 87 Kd6
Ke4 88 Bg7 Kf4 89 Ke6 Kf3 90 Ke5 Kg4 91 Bf6 Kh5
92 Kf5 Kh6 93 Bd4 Kh7 94 Kf6 Kh6 95 Be3+ Kh5 96 Kf5 Kh4 97 Bd2
Kg3 98 Bg5 Kf3 99 Bf4 Kg2 100 Bd6 Kf3 101 Bh2 Kg2 102 Bc7 Kf3
103 Bd6 Ke3 104 Ke5 Kf3 105 Kd5 Kg4 106 Kc5 Kf5 107 Kxb5 Ke6 108 Kc6
Kf6 109 Kd7 Kf7 1 10 Be7 Kg8 1 1 1 Ke6 Kg7 1 12 Bc5 Kg8 1 13 Kf6 Kh7
1 14 Kf7 Kh8 1 15 Bd4+ Kh7 1 16 Bb2 Kh6 1 17 Kg8 Kg6 1 18 Bg7 Kf5 1 19 Kf7
Kg5 120 Bb2 Kh6 121 Bel+ Kh7 122 Bd2 Kh8 123 Bc3+ Kh7 124 Bg7 stale
mate . T imes used 6 : 02 - 6 : 01 .
M a ny factors prevented Korchnoi from scoring the full point , the two
most p rominent bein g : ( a ) he a n d h i s team were completely surprised b y a n d
h a d n o t prepare d for K arpov ' s sealed move 42 ; ( b ) he deliberated a t such
great length on his own move 42 as to leave himself with in sufficient time
( 1 2 minutes for 1 4 move s ) to find the w inning 55th move .
T ime t rouble . To quote T a l : " T h i s , too is chess . "
The third a n d concluding s e s s ion of the game l a sted for s l ightly more
t h a n one hou r . T hroughout , D r . Zoukha r w a s rooted t o h i s c h a i r in the
third row left . L argely immobil e , h unched forward with head down , he
44 Game F ive
'
stared fixedly at Korchnoi . Was Viktor aware of h i s presence? Possibly so ,
for several times he rather deliberately looked straight out at the audience .
Game five e st ablished two records in world championship play . It w a s
t h e longest ever ( g ame fourteen o f T al-Botvinnik 1 96 1 l a sted for 1 2 1 move s )
a n d the first one t o end i n a stalemat e .
This was the question many "64" readers w rote in with , once having
seen the position i n which game five w a s adjourned for the second t ime .
Still others asked , "How do you win in such an e n d i n g ? "
Let u s turn t o Averbakh ' s Chess Endgames (Pa wn, Bishop , Knight ) ,
page 283 , R u s si a n- l a nguage edition .
1 Bf4 Kg2
Or 1 . . . Kf2 2 Ke4 Kg2 3 Kd4 Kf3 4 Bh2 Kg4 5 Kc4 Kf5 6 Kb4 Ke6
7 Kxa4 Kd7 8 Kb5 Kc8 9 Kc6 , and White succeeds in cutting the Black king
off from the s aving corner .
2 Kg4 !
White g ai n s nothing from 2 Ke4 Kh3 3 Kd4 Kg4 ; now he must go back
to the bishop , s ince after 4 Bh2 Kf5 5 Kc4 Ke6 6 Kb5 Kd7 taking the a-
pawn is usele s s ; the Black k i n g gets to a 8 .
2 • • • Kf2 3 Bel !
Nor does going to the othe r wing save Black : 4 . . . Kf2 5 Be3+ Kg2
6 Kg4 Kh2 7 Bf4+ Kg2 8 Bg3 Kg 1 9 Kf3 K h 1 1 0 Bb8 ! K g 1 1 1 K e 3 Kg2
12 Kd3 Kf3 1 3 Kc4 Ke4 1 4 Kb5 Kd5 15 Bh2 ! Kd4 16 Kxa4 a n d wins .
5 Be3 ! Kc4 6 Ke5 Kb3 7 Bc5 Kc4 8 Kd6 KbS 9 Kd5 Ka5 10 Kc6 Ka6
1 1 Bg1 Ka5 12 Kb7 Kb5 13 Bb6
13 • • • Kc4 14 Kc6 Kb3 15 Bc5 Kc4 16 Bd6 Kd4 17 Kb5 Kd5 18 Bh2 ,
a n d the rest we know already .
I n 1928 R a u zer discovered that from the initial position , with Black to
move , White c a n win a tempo as follow s :
1 . . . Kg3 2 Bf6 ! Kf3 3 Be5 Ke3 4 Bb2 ! Kd3 5 Ke5 Ke3 6 Bel+ Kf3
7 Kf5 Kg3 8 Bg5 , etc .
Another position :
T h i s is a draw .
1 � � 2 � � 3 W � 4 � W 5 � � 6 � �
7 Bf8 Kd4 8 Bg7+ Ke4 !
The c arele s s 8 . . . Kc4? would lose after 9 Be5 Kd3 10 Kd5 Ke3 1 1 Bh2 !
Kd3 12 Kc5 Ke4 13 Kb5 Kd5 14 Bg3 a n d 15 Kxa4 .
The k ing must step carefully : 12 . . . Kg4? 13 Kf6 Kh5 14 Bf4 ! Kg4
15 B e l Kh5 16 Bg5 Kg4 17 Kg6 Kf3 18 Kf5 would lead to the lost position
we already know .
13 Be7 Kg7 14 Bb4 Kg6 15 Bc3 Kg5 16 Be5 ! Kg6 17 Bf6 Kh6 a n d one
may continue this analysis as long as one like s , but White can never succeed
i n driving the Black king from h8 i n such a m anner that he will not be
threatening to go to a8 .
F rom thi s , R a uzer developed the general rule : White wins if the B l ack
king can be cut off from the sector of the board bounded b y the s quares
a8-h8-h6-f4-e5 -d4-a7 .
Now that we h ave g iven you the introductory course , let us proceed to
the following position :
46 Game Five
Here , the general conclusion runs : White can win , if he can prevent
the B l ack king from leaving the corner triangle defined by the l ine a5-b6-
c7-d8 . Thus , in the diagrammed position , B l ack to move escapes the danger
ous corner with 1 . . . Kd8 2 Bf6+ Ke8 . A s we have seen from our in struc
tional examples a s well a s from the fifth g ame i t s e l f , B l ack ' s king cannot be
driven outs i de the draw zone .
With White to move , however , he w i n s as follows .
5 Kc6 Kb8 6 Bd8 Ka8 7 Kb6 Kb8 8 Bc7+ Kc8 9 Kc6 b4 10 axb4.
GAME SIX
Karpov-Korchnoi
English Opening
1 c4
47
48 Game Six
1 e5
. . • 2 Nc3 Nf6 3 Nf3 Nc6 4 g3 Bb4 5 Bg2 0--0 6 0-0 e4 7 Ne1
Bxc3 8 dxc3 h6 9 Nc2
21 Bd4 f6 22 Racl Qe8 23 Qe3 Drawn upon Karpov ' s offe r . Times
used 1 : 25 - 1 : 02 .
Game smanshi p . Neither m a n coul d h ave been very eager t o play today ,
but each h a d waited too stubbornly for the other to seek a postponeme nt .
When that did not happen the result w a s a "rest g ame" , a t ame encounter
which indicated that their minds were full of the incompleted fifth . What
other reason for B l ack ' s not playing on w ith the better po s ition?
After completing their score sheets , the players depa rted quickly and
without the "for appearances" handshake which h a d signalled each of the
earl ier draw s .
A few hours l a ter , I learned that Korchnoi h a d refused to w e a r h i s
specially-tinted g l a sses tonight . Howeve r , the oversized Swi s s i n s i g n i a s t i l l
adorned the l a p e l o f h i s j acket .
GAME SE VEN
Both players c ame in approximately three minutes early and Korchnoi spoke ,
smilingly , with Chief Arbiter Schmid . ( About D r . Zoukh a r , we learned l ater
t h at evening . ) Then Viktor crossed to the table , where he and K a rpov shook
h a n d s pleas antly enough before commencing play .
Korchnoi-Karpov
Nimzo-lndian Defence
5 Bd3 c5 6 d5
6 . . . bS
49
50 Game Seven
T h i s move set off quite a commotion in the press room , a lthough the
idea behind it is not new . A s imilar pawn s acrifice is common i n the King s 1
ft Both the knight and the b i shop have now e sc aped the reach of Black s 1
13 . . . g6 14 Bh3 a6
15 NgS axbS
16 Ne6 c4 17 Bd2
17 . . . BcS !
Game Seven 51
21 . • • Bc8
This move shocked the hell out of everybody . Can B l ack be serious?
Here he i s , deliberately t r a ding off h i s bi shop - which was all primed and
re a dy to enter the game after . . . d5-d4 - for its opposite number , which i s
nothing more t h a n a statistic at t h e moment . However , t h e Champion h a s
evaluated t h e s i tuation at h a n d most exactly . The problem i s t h a t t h e open
ing of the pos ition ( which is unavoidable after d5-d4 ) would h ave
i nstantly enlivened White ' s p iece s , w ith h i s control of e6 a ss u r ing him good
chance s . B ut now Bl ack sets up a solid and also an active defe n s ive
position .
White ' s i dea is obviou s . He intends to exchange off the dark-squ a red
b i shops with Bb4 , after which Black ' s central pawns must eventually prove
difficult to defend . So Karpov prevents this .
B l ack m aneuvers in tight quarters with great ski l l . Now the outcome
of the struggle h i nges on whether White can neutralize the threat of d5-d4
that h a n g s over h i s head and then capitalize on his a dv antage of the
exch ang e .
31 h 3 ReS 32 b4?
35 Qc2?
White ' s only hope is to create threats a g a i n s t the B l ack king . By now
the t ime remaining could l iterally be counted off in second s . H a d Karpov a
t r ifle more of t h a t commodity himse l f , he would undoubtedly h ave selected the
quiet ( an d typical of his style ) move 39 . . . B d4 . After 40 Qf4 ( there seems
to be nothing better ) Qd6 4 1 Qf3 Qd5 , Black must win . The text leads to
g re a t compl i c a t ions .
40 Ne4
40 Nxe4?
41 Qxh7+ Kf8
Game Seven 53
The g ame was adjourned i n this position . The Soviets seemed elated
a n d the Korchnoi team downcast a s we all left the a uditorium . Apparently
they ag reed with the u n a n imous verdict of the experts a ssembled i n the press
room : Karpov would certainly win this one .
Next a fternoon , K0rchnoi c ame on at 4 : 591 ; there w a s as yet no sign
of K a rpov when Schmid s t a rted the clock .
Seven minutes later the Champ ion arrived a n d the Challenge r , who h a d
b e e n chatting with Lotha r , crossed to meet him at t h e table . Anatoly exten
ded his hand and Viktor , looking surprise d , shook it the second t ime it w a s
offered . Then Schmid opened the e nvelope .
42 Qh8+
Sen s at ion - upon seeing the sealed move , Karpov offered the draw and
Korchnoi immediately accepted ! T imes u s e d 2 : 32 - 2 : 40 .
54
W a s There a Doctor in the House? 55
CS - E
56 W a s There a Doctor in the House?
DA TE : A UGUST 2, 1 9 78
A ugust 2, 1 9 78
Baguio City
The Ma tch Jury
World Chess Ch amp ionship
I insist th a t the n umber o f sea ts origina lly a ssigned in the stall o f the
A uditorium, as well as its distance from the chess table (Section 7 . 1 of the
Regul a tion s) remain not a l tered and correspond to the situa tion at the begin
n ing of the Ma tch .
I am rea dy to agree th a t th e first 2 or 3 rot.rs in the stall be reserved 0y
the organizers for distinguished guests, b u t I wou ld l ike h owever to h a ve a
more exa c t defin ition of the persons con sidered to be very importa n t on es.
I express my hope tha t esteemed members of the Jury will fin d th e consider
a tions mentioned in th is protest well-grounded and in accordance with the
Section 1 1 . 4 of th e Regulation s will point it out to the Organizers on their
decision .
If, unfortun a tely, this does not h appen , then the agreement rea ched a t the
meeting of July 15, 1 9 78 on the points stated in my representa tive V. Ba tur
insky ' s letter of the 1 4 th of July 1 9 78 , will pra ctically become ann u lled. In
th is case, I consider it my right to insist on a ny ch anges of the earlier
agreed upon situa tion on the stage a n d in the A u ditorium .
I kindly a sk to n otify me of your decision not after twelve noon (12 : 00 pm) ,
A ugu st 3 , 1 9 78 .
Respectfully yours,
(Origin a l signed)
ANA'ZDL Y KARPO V
World Chess Champ ion
PINES HOTEL
A ugust 3rd 1 9 78
Dear Florencio,
I would l ike to clarify the position of our delegation on the ma tter of
the so-called Dr. Zoukhar, which is ca using difficulty at the present stage
of the World Champion ship . Many observers (including such an impeccable
source a s Harry Golombek) h a ve remarked on th e apparently suspicious b eh a v
ior of Dr. Zoukhar during recent games. Notice has been taken of his h a b i t
of riveting his g a z e o n t o Korchnoi a s i f trying t o hypnotize him o r otherwise
influence h im into playing weak moves .
58 W a s There a Doctor in the Hou se?
(Origin a l signed)
]rd of A ugust
On behalf of Viktor Korchnoi I confirm the a b ove and forma lly submit a
protest a gainst Dr. Zoukhar 1 s presence in the h a l l , b u t he h a s the possibil
ity to sit o,..1ith the delegation of Mr. Karpov.
(Origin a l signed)
Petra L eeu werik
Chief of Korchnoi Delegation
Here are pertinent paragraphs extracted from the Report of the J ury
Meeting of August 3 .
W a s There a Doctor in the House? 59
30. Mr . Campoma nes s a id th a t his memora ndum (of A ugust 2) was a ddressed
to "A ll A ccredited Person s " and it was precisely because the organ izers
wished to elimin ate persona lities and to a void ill feelings th a t they h a d
come o u t with a decisiol} which need not be interpreted as being dir
ected at a ny individua l . They were a ttemp ting t o resolve a troub lesome
situa tion - a situa tion a b o u t which we all know - with ou t h a ving it
b lown up to b igger-th an-life proportion s . When the b a sic q u estion was
brough t to his a ttention two days earlier, discussion h a d to b e post
poned beca u se the seventh game had a lready begu n . The next day, he
had agreed to Mr. Ba turin sky 1 s suggestion tha t the sea ting conditions
rem a in the same bec a u se an a djourned game was to b e con tinued.
31 . Ch a irm a n L im then directed the Jury to consider Mr. Karpov 1 s letter of
protest first, knowing th a t the other letters are rela ted and give b a ck
ground informa tion . He expressed his b elief th a t the organ izers h a d
proposed t o change t h e sea ting in the sin cere hope o f solving a prob
lem without offending a nyone .
37. Mr. Schmid poin ted o u t th a t Mr. Korchnoi c a m e t o him (on t h e stage
just before the seventh game) and objected most strongly to the presence
of Dr. Zoukh ar. He a sked th a t the game b e tra nsferred to the a l ter
n a te p l aying room, b u t Mr. Schmid con vinced h im tha t it would be
b etter to find a �oray - through Mr. Campomanes - to please both sides.
�
D uring the game, Mr . Schmid could see tha t Mr. Korchnoi was "grea tly
disturbed" and it is his op in ion th a t the organ izers must now find a
solu tion . He is not in favor of delay.
38 . Mr. Campomanes said tha t if no compromise solu tion can b e found, a
direct way of solving the problem wou ld b e to apply paragraph 4 . 6 and
use the a l tern a te pl aying room to which the orga n izers will not object.
39 . Mr. Edmondson said th a t 11a disturb ance can exist in the mind of one
or both p layers a n d we should a ccept the fact tha t both players are
now disturbed. Mr. Karpov is disturbed by the proposa l to rearrange
the seats in the a u ditorium and Mr. Korchnoi is disturb ed by a spec
ta tor 1 s unwa vering gaze fixed on h im throughout each playing period. 11
He proposed th is compromise, designed to sa tisfy the comp l a in ts of both
players :
"A ccep ting Mr. Karpov 1 s protest as valid, the Jury req uests the organ
izers to m a in ta in the sea ting arrangement in the a u ditorium in its
origin a l configura tion . A ccep ting as e q u a lly valid the protest of Mr.
Korchnoi, the Jury req uests the organ izers to ask Dr. Zoukhar tha t he
coopera te in solving our problem by wa tching play from the b a ck row
of the temporary sea ts . 11
41 . Mr. Ba turinsky s a id th a t Mr. Campomanes 1 memorandum conta ined a
h idden motive, which is why Mr. Karpov wrote th a t he could not un der
stand the need for playing in a desol a te h a l l . Now Mr. Ba turin sky
unders tands th a t the sea ts were to be removed to satisfy the req uest of
Mr. Korch noi to eject someone he did not like . This confirms th a t the
decision was unilatera l .
44 . Mr. Campomanes repea ted th a t his memoran dum was issued t o solve a
situa tion and everyone on the Jury knows wh a t the situ a tion w a s . He
did not intend to h ide anything from the Jury, b u t h a d hoped to m ini
mize the situa tion to the press and a void sensa tion a l ism . If his
a ttempt to a void person alities was not apprecia ted, he wou ld be the
first to c a ll a spa de a sp ade. However, h is intentions were of the
best and were coordina ted with the Chief A rb iter. "We are trying to
solve a difficult situa tion and I hope out a ttempts are apprecia ted, " he
s a id.
45. Ch a irma n L im remarked th a t the Jury seemed to h a ve rea ched the end of
ta lking. He summarized Mr. · Edmondson 1 s propos a l and said th a t we
60 W a s There a Doctor in the House?
should try for compromise rather tha n confron ta tion m the Jury 1 s
proceedings . He recommended a ccep tance of Mr. Edmondson 1 s proposa l ,
b u t i n the most positive way : "Dr. Zoukh ar, please help us to resolve
this situa tion . 11
46. Mr. Campomanes said tha t he hoped he would not be c a l led upon to
perform the th ankless task of ejecting one individual from th is game,
another the next game and so on ; th is could b ecome a deteriora ting
s itu a tion and th u s Mr. Edmondson 1 s proposed compromise might only
create more prob lem s .
4 7. Mr . Ma lchev s a id th a t we should not decide whether or not a player is
disturbed; the A rb iter should decide on this and on whether the
organizer should take action under Regu l a tion 7 . 5 .
49. Mr. Campomanes s a id tha t the organ izers could apply Regula tion 7 . 5 if
the Jury wou ld define "disturb ance" and direct action by the organ
izers .
50 . Ch a irma n L im said tha t he was prepared to accept the observation of
the Chief A rb i ter th a t Mr. Korchnoi was disturbed.
52 . Mr. Ba turinsky said tha t no one h a d infringed upon Regula tion 7 . 4 a n d
th a t a decision should b e m a d e by the Jury with respect t o Mr. Kar
pov 1 s protest . He was for postponing the Zoukh ar q uestion ; as for
playing in the a ltern a te room, he was of the opinion th a t a decision
can be m ade only during the game, by the Chief A rb iter.
53 . Mr. Schmid fel t th a t he h a d the right to move the game because Mr.
Korchnoi is ob viously disturbed by the presence of Dr. Zoukhar.
54 . Mr. Campomanes s a id tha t after th is discussion it seems clear th a t his
a ttempt to cure a problem was not rea l ly within the province of the
organ izers . When disturbed, Mr. Korchnoi should ask the Chief A rb iter
to move the game to the altern a te p laying room . Since everyone dis
agrees with his memorandum he was willing to withdraw it. To a ttack
the problem of disturb ance to one of the p layers the use of the a l ter
n a te room seems a sol ution until th e Jury h a s had time to consider the
problem further.
55 . Mr . Schmid said: "If the Jury makes no decision here, it is q u ite
likely tha t I shall h a ve to go to the a l tern ate room solu tion . 11
58 . Mr. Edmondson s a id he could not understand why the Jury con tinued to
a void or to postpone a decision on the m a in q uestion : Th a t of Dr.
Zoukhar 1 s presence and loca tion . Noth ing will change by tomorrow if we
come to no decision . It would h a ve been so simple to say to Dr.
Zoukhar, "Please, sir, would you h elp u s to resolve a tense situ a tion by
sitting in this row?"
59 . Mr. Schmid suggested th a t the ch a irs remain placed as req uested by
Mr. Karpov; this to b e done with the friendliest of inten tions a n d a lso
in the "Gens Una Sum u s " spirit of FIDE . He plea ded tha t also in the
spirit of friendly resolu tion to our prob lems the Soviet Delegation a sk
Dr. Zoukh ar to sit a t the rear today. He closed by saying: "I b eg
you to help m e . If you do not, then I sh a l l h a ve to decide . 11
60. Mr. Baturinsky said th a t he wished clarifica tion regarding Mr. Karpov 1 s
protest a n d Mr. Campomanes 1 memorandum. Mr. Campomanes s a id his
memorandum on changing the seating a rrangements was withdrawn and
Mr. B a turinsky agreed to this and to the withdra w a l of Mr. Karpov 1 s
protest on condition th a t these documents remain a s part of our arch
ive s .
63 . Ch a irma n L im clarified ma tters th u s . The Chief A rb i ter decides if and
when a p layer is disturbed. Upon his a dvice, the organ izer takes
a ction u n der p aragraph 7 . 5 .
64 . Mr. Schmid warned the Jury th a t i f Mr. Korchnoi should come to him
th a t day (during Game E ight) there were three possib ilities :
W a s There a Doctor in the Hou s e ? 61
To summarize :
(1) A maj ority of the J ury agreed - a n d not one member denied - that
Mr . Korchnoi had been disturbed by the proximity of Dr. Zoukhar a n d by his
i nc e s s a n t staring at the Challenger .
(2) By a unanimous deci s ion , the J ury charged the Chief Arbiter w ith
determining whether or not M r . Korchnoi was disturbed during future playing
ses sions .
(3) I n a ny case of disturbance to M r . Korchnoi by a spectator , the
Chief Arbiter was told to either move the game to the alternate playing room
( Regulation 4 . 6 ) or instruct the org a n i zers to h ave the spectator " p romptly
and quietly ej ected" ( Regulation 7 . 5 ) .
GAME EIGHT
Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation
And now Karpov h a s surprise d Korchnoi twice within the span of a few
moments .
62
Game Eight 63
:1\: I t ' s difficult to s a y whether this move i s better than the usual 9 c3 ,
which h a s already been played twice in this m atch . I ndisputably , howev e r ,
i t i s l e s s a nalyzed a n d i n t h i s game the element of surprise led to a bril
l i a nt resul t . :1\:
9 • • • Nc5 10 c3 g6?
After making this move , Korchnoi headed directly for his easy chair a s
though expecting h i s opponent to cogitate a t length . H e w a s right ; Karpov
pondered for seventeen minutes before making his 1 1 th .
:1\: R aymond Keene , the Challenger ' s chief seco n d , h a s stated a number of
times in interviews t h a t Korchnoi is well-prep a re d for the rna tch , theoretically
speaking , a n d cl a imed for himself a good deal of the credit . Curiously ,
a fter the eighth g ame the selfs a me Keene proc l a imed that no Englishment h a d
anything whatsoever to d o w i t h the move 10 . . . g 6 . Be t h a t a s i t m ay ,
Black ' s novelty ( theory examines 10 . . . d4 here ) appears to be of dubious
wor t h . :1\:
I n fairness to Kee n e , Black ' s lOth w a s evidently an over-the-board
"inspiration" by Korchnoi ; his team stated t h a t it w a s not a l ine which
they had a n a lyzed in preparation for this match .
12 • • • Nxe5 13 f4
:1\: Castling short i s obviously out for Black , who apparently hope s to
somehow evacuate his king to the queen s i d e . K arpov spent over a n hour ,
'
all tol d , on h i s next two move s ; t h e g a me ' s further course i s ample demon
stration of the depth to which he perceived the secrets of the position .
16 Nxc4
64 Game Eight
16 . . . dxc4
After 16 . . . bxc4 White could continue w ith either 17 Bc2 or the more
energetic 1 7 Be3 .
17 Bc2
17 . . . Nd3
18 Bh6 !
18 . . . Bf8
23 Kh 1 Kxf8 24 Qf3
2 4 . . . ReB
25 Nh6 Rg7
26 Rd7
The interme diate move 27 . . . Bg4 would change nothing a fter 28 Qf4 .
28 Nd8+
"Finally ! " was Karpov 1 s only comment to those who crowded around a n d
offered t h e i r congratulations a s he stepped down from the stag e . F ace a l ight
with sheer j oy over the w i n , he did not l inger b u t headed straight for h i s
d r e s s i n g room . Only h i s closest supporters were admitted and one of them
s a i d later that A natoly relaxed for a few moments in a comfortable c h a i r ,
savoring his victory . Then off to the v i l l a with B a l a shov , Rosh al , a n d
Z a itse v . O v e r a l ate s u p p e r p r e p a r e d by Viktor Bobylev , A natoly 1 s cook ,
this foursome replayed a n d an alyzed the g ame until almost dawn .
* * * * *
Over a late bre akfa st in the P ines Hotel Coffee Shop , Keene and Stea n
discussed Korchnoi s attitude going i n t o t h e eighth g ame .
1 "Tonight I s h a l l
att ack , " he h a d told them . " We must find o u t whether or n o t t h e t w o of u s
remember how to play ches s . " They h a d c a utioned him not to take r i s k s b ut
to continue playing conservatively , keeping the draw i n h a n d , with the
B l ack p ieces . He h a d d i s reg a r ded their a dvice - most notably w ith h i s lOth
move - a n d paid the pipe r . However , thei r morale did not seem adversely
affected . "It 1 s not the battle that count s , " said Keene , "but the outcome of
the w a r " .
Sever a l hours late r , over mid- a fternoon lunch in the s ame coffee shop ,
Petra Leeuwerik confirmed what Keene a n d Stean h a d s a i d . Viktor chimed i n
to say that it h a d b e e n h i s predetermined course to play r i s k i l y w ith B l ack
a n d the loss , therefore , h a d not affected h i s morale . He w a s i n quite a
good mood a n d looked forward to game nine .
Mea nwhile , a fe stive mood continued to p revail at the Terraces P l aza ,
h e adquarters for Karpov a n d his grou p . Wi th e ach delegation staying i n a
different hotel , the respective managers a n d s t a ffs i dentified with the player
they were sheltering . I t w a s thus quite natural that Mike Anton , g racious
manager of the T erraces P l a za , should host a cock t a i l party to celebrate win
number one .
Being one of the few c h e s s principals other t h a n the Soviet group to be
a s s ig n e d to quarters i n the Terrace s , I was invited by Mike to attend the
w i n g ding . When I showed up at the p a rty , several of the Soviets beg a n
j o s h i n g about a Neutral Member o f t h e J ur y attend ing a victory celeb ration
for one of the player s . I explained to them , as I h a d p revious l y to Karpov
and to Korchnoi , my approach to this neutrality que stion . I had arrived in
the P h i lippines on good terms w ith both players and intended to leave the
s ame way , not by remaining aloof from one or both but b y seeing them at
every opportunity and showing no favor i t i s m to eithe r . The p l ayers seemed
to appreciate this attitude and eventually everyone at Baguio City c ame to
accept a n d , at l e a st to some extent , understand it .
I g athered from An atoly that he thought tonight s celebration w a s
1
Shaking h a n ds w ith one ' s opponent at the start of each g ame may strike
you a s a s imple - even a n atural - act , one to be performed out of courtesy
if not through mutual liking or re spect . Not true , however , in Baguio City
a n d i n many previous instances - some of them quite recent a n d involving
Korchnoi a g a i n s t other Soviet opponent s . For example , Viktor himself wrote
( after their 1 977 Quarter-F i n a l Candidates M atch ) that he and P etros ian did
not shake h a n ds throughout and that the omission was "nothing unusual -
for several y e a r s we h a d regarded t h i s ritual as hypocritical . "
T h e question of whether or not to clasp h a n d s has often troubled Korch
noi , as was next demon strated when he met his former friend P olygaevsky in
a 1977 Semi-Fi n a l Candidates Match at Evia n , F r a nce . Viktor Baturinsky
( he a d of the Soviet Delegation for that event , too ) reportedly told the org a n i
zers t h a t Korchnoi would be treated as a non-person and that contact between
the two players would be avo i d e d . Which meant no shaking of h a n d s . But
here Korchnoi reversed h i s stand from the Quarter-F inal M atch : " I decided to
discuss the possibility of a h andshake before each game , a t r a d itional ges
ture designed s imply to convey the i d e a that the players have no plans to
come to blow s while playing . B aturinsky appeared to Moscow several time s ,
a n d finally each g a me b e g a n w ith a weak h andshake . "
N e xt c ame the F i n a l Candidates M atch between Korchnoi a n d Spas sky .
No question about h a nd shakes during the first h a l f of this match ; the pl ay
ers were considerate , almost affectionate , towards one anothe r . Spas sky ' s
psychological w arfare i n the l a s t h a l f , however , destroye d the good vib
ration s . At the end , not only were the players no longer shaking h a n ds but
they n e a rly c ame to blow s on the stag e .
Going b ack t o the 1974 Candidates M atch between Korchnoi a n d K arpov ,
we find that Viktor also h a d something to s a y about h an dshaking a fter that
one . He complained tha t the younger man h a d not shown the degree of
re spect normally accorded to the e l der , an example being A n a toly ' s fai lure
( l ate in the match ) to stand up to shake h a n ds when Viktor arrive d . Which
- i t i s worth noti n g - was usually a fter the clock had been started .
Given this h istory , is it any wonder that the shaking of hands during
the 1 978 Worl d Championship Match became one of the issues well before h a n d ?
I t w a s f i r s t r a i se d i n a M arch 6 , 1 978 , letter from F I D E P resident E u w e t o
the players , org an i zers , a n d Chief Arbiter Schm i d . No doubt m a n y verbal
interactions occurred during the next three months , b ut the next w r itten
reference - dated J une 10 , 1978 - i s a memora n dum of points taken up at the
Terraces P l a za Hotel i n B ag uio City i n a conference between Schm i d , Deputy
Arbiter Manuel F . L a r a , Chief Or g a n i ze r ( an d F I D E Deputy P resident ) Flor-
67
68 Shaking Hands
of intens ifying t e n s ions and under such circumstances Mr . Karpov does not
w i sh to shake h a n ds with Mr . Korchnoi . "
A ugust 5, 1 9 78
PERSONALL Y TO
Mr . Viktor Baturinsky
Vice-Presiden t
Soviet Chess Federation
Dear Mr. Baturinsky,
Ha lf a minu te before the eighth game started, the two p layers should
h a ve shaken h a n ds in a ccordance with our a greement of July 1 5 . The World
Champion a voided this courte1>y, even when I a dvised the two players to
follow the agreemen t . Apparently, Mr. Karpov spoke briefly in the Russian
l a ngu age to the Ch a llenger and sta ted th a t he did not intend to shake h a n ds
a n ymore . I h a ve b een told th a t, a lmost sim u l taneously, Mr. Rosha l exp l a in ed
to the press th a t this refu s a l stemmed from recen t events initia ted by the
Ch allenger or by his Delegation .
It would h a ve been far b etter to n otify the Chief A rb i ter in a dvance,
ra ther th a n to surprise both he and the Cha llenger just as the game was
a bo u t to b egin . A lthough neither th e World Champion nor anyone else in his
D elegation may h a ve rea lized this in a dvance, s u ch a ction might even be
in terpreted as bordering on a viola tion of A rticle 1 9 . 1 ( c ) of the L a ws of
Chess and should b e a voided in the future. ·
Respectfu lly,
(Origin a l signed)
LOTHAR SCHMID
Chief Arbiter
Shaking Hands 71
P.S. A fter the eighth game was fin ished, Mr. Korchnoi refu sed t o sign the
scoresheet of his opponen t . L a ter, however, he apologized a n d signed
the sheet in accordance with custom a n d regu l a tion s .
CS - F
GAME NINE
* * * *
Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen ' s Gambit Declined
After making these few moves , Korchnoi looked searchingly into the
a udience on the left side of the hall . He did not see D r . Zoukhar , who h a d
switched today to the r i g h t side of row five .
3 . • . d5 4 d4 Be7 5 Bf4
ft This v a r i a t ion is new in Korchnoi ' s praxis . Throughout the m atch thus
far , we have s e en the Challenger trying to stun h i s opponent with opening
surprises . ft
With Karpov on the move , Chief Arbiter Schmid c ame off stage to the
front row and spoke with Florencio Campom a n e s . They went together to the
area reserved for the Korchnoi Dele g a t ion and spoke with Petra Leeuwerik .
72
Game N ine 73
Shortly afterwards , tumult and wrangling hit new highs i n the auditorium ,
the outer lobby , a n d the press and conference rooms dow n s t a i r s . P ri m a r ily
over Zoukh a r , of course , and described in detail after this account of the
actual game .
24 Re4
White ' s plans call for an exchange of quee n s , which would make the
74 Game Nine
difference i n power of the two minor pieces more noticeable . So 24 Qe2 would
b e bette r ; on 24 . . . Nc6 25 Qg4 ! R d6 26 Qf5 , a possibility pointed out by
Karpov a fter the g a m e .
24 • • • Nc6 2 5 Qe2 g6
26 Rel Kg7 27 b4
27 • • • b6 28 Qg4 Rfd8
29 h4
29 • • • h5 30 Qg3 Qd6
D i fferent t imes , d i fferent music ; now Black doe s n ' t mind exchanging
queens at all . And the possibility of . . . a7-a5 p a r alyzes White ' s ambitions
on the queenside .
31 f4 Re7
B l ack could not permit 32 R-e6 ! , plus excha nging the rooks h a s the
useful purpose of somew h a t weaken ing the enemy ' s re a r . I t should b e
pointed out , too , t h a t Korchnoi w a s already h e a d i n g into t i m e pressure .
J ust in t ime . Defending the h-pawn with 33 . . . R h8 may not h ave led
forcible to dire consequence s , but it would have freed White ' s hand for other
t h i ng s . Now the concrete c alculat ion of v a r i a t ions b e g in s .
34 RxhS
36 RbS
36 • • • Qd2 37 Kh2
37 • • . Qe3
As the game commenced , Korchnoi did not even see Dr . Zoukha r ( who
was in the fifth row but on the right rather than his usual left side of the
h a ll ) . Nevertheles s , M e s s r s . Schmid and Campomanes decided to try a prev
entive m e a s ure early on . Campo in structed Chief Marshal Hol a zo to approach
D r . Zoukhar w ith the utmost courtesy and request that he move to the back
( ninth ) row of floor-level seats .
The Chief M a r s h a l slipped quietly into a vacant seat next to Dr .
Zoukh a r and w h ispered to him . No communication ! Mr . Hol a zo speaks Eng-
l i sh , Spanish , and T a g alog ; Dr . Zouk h a r , R u s s i a n and German . Grand-
m a ster T a l , seated at Zouk h a r ' s right side , w a s drafted as interp reter .
When he understood what w a s being a sked of him , Dr . Zoukha r s m i l e d ,
nodded p l e a santly at Hol a zo , and moved - to row seven r a t h e r than to row
n ine ! ( Re a l istically , however , there • w a s so l ittle a difference . )
By 5 : 15 , there w a s a notice able increase in the offstage activity . T al
di screetly departed for the press room , apparently not caring to be a p arty
to whatever might happen next . Chief M a r s h a l Holazo went into the seating
area reserved for the Karpov Delega t ion and spoke with interpreter Sta ss i s
76
J u ry to Zoukh a r : " I t ' s OK , Doc ! " 77
Wh atever Mrs . Leeuwerik ' s intentions were l a st night , the Wor l d Cham-
pion beat her to the punch . Before 9 : 00 a m , copies of the following h a n d-
written letter were delivered to the J ury Member s .
J ury to Zouk h a r : " It ' s OK , Doc ! " 79
A ugust 6, 1 9 78
The Match Jury
World Chess Ch ampion ship
FORMAL PRO TEST from the particip a n t of the Ma tch ,
World Champion A n a toly Karpov
A ugust 6 , 1 9 78
There h a d b een two q u estions for the Chief A rb iter : first , is a men ta l
disturbance ( a n noya nce) possible, i n genera l ; second, h a d Mr . Korchnoi b een
disturbed? His a n swer in b oth cases was yes . He h a d advised the Jury a t
its previous meeting (A ugust ]} well i n a dvance o f the A ugust 5th game .
The problem of yesterday (A ugust 5) wou ld never h a ve arisen if the Jury h a d
taken a decision earlier.
Schmid then made it clear that there had been extensive coordination -
and ag reement - beforeh and between himself and the Chief Org anize r . His
advice , not an instruction , during game nine w a s that a friendly request
should b e made to D r . Zoukh a r to cooperate . "Thus Mr. Schmid thought
there was a m i sunderstanding in Mr. Karpov ' s lette r . To move Dr . Zoukha r
w a s not h i s deci sion and n o force w a s used . "
M r . Campomanes s a i d t h a t he and M r . Schmid h a d , indee d , concurred in
adv ance on a course of action and t h a t he had made sure the Chief M a r s h al
would be as courteous as possible to D r . Zouk h a r . M r . Campomanes a l so
remarked that whenever a player on the stage w a s being di sturbed ( men
t a l ly ) , the org anizers had no way of k nowing unle s s they were so advised by
the Chief Arbite r .
After discus sion by va rious members , the Chairman a g a i n posed t h i s
question ( it h a d b e e n t r e a t e d previously at the A u g u s t 3 meeting ) . " I s it
possible for a pl ayer to b e disturbed ( annoyed ) subjectively , ment a l l y ? "
P a ragraph 8 0 from t h e Report of t h e J ury Meeting o f A u g u s t 6 :
The Jury agreed th a t the answer was "ye s " b u t some memb ers felt th a t
a disturb ance o f th is type should n o t b e judged b y the Arb iter under regu l
a tion 4 . 56 . The Ch a irma n said th a t his own in terpreta tion was tha t s u bjec
tive ma tters may b e taken in to con sidera tion , carefu lly. At the same time,
he un derstood Mr. Baturinsky 1 s position to b e against the accep tance of sub
jective ma tters un der 4 . 56 . The Ch a irm a n poin ted out, however, th a t the
Jury h a d previously agreed th a t the Chief Arb iter should con sider s u bjective
disturb ances. With regard to the semi-fin a l p aragraph of Mr. Karpov 1 s
letter, th e Ch a irma n sta ted his belief th a t Mr. Schmid h a d a c ted with the
best of in ten tions and with objectivity and impartiality and we may assure
Mr . Karpov of thi s .
Mr. Schmid 1 s advice to the orga n izers in no way imp lied the use of
force; on th e con trary, he suggested th a t Dr. Zoukhar be a sked in a very
friendly way to take a sea t in a row farther b a c k . The organ izers a cted
a ccordingly and a ny impression to th e con trary could only be a misunder
sta nding "'h ich is regretted by a l l .
The Jury does n o t find itself i n disagreement Fith paragraph three of
your letter.
Regarding p aragraph four, Mr. Schmid poin ted out tha t the problem was
considered during the previous meeting of the Jury and he h a d a n ticip a ted
three prob a b l e courses of a c tion . Both p layers were represented in th a t
meeting a n d Mr. Schmid, therefore, did n o t con sider a n y a ction taken on
A ugust 5 to h a ve b een taken unila terally or without prior indica tion .
The Jury believes th a t the Chief A rb iter h a s a cted a t a l l times in good
faith and with the best of inten tion s .
Mr. Schmid b a sed his a dvice to the orga nizers o n his interpreta tion of
p a ragraph 4 . 56 of the Ma tch Regula tion s . I t i s the opinion of the three
arb iters th a t th is regu la tion is generally meant to include s u bjective or
mental disturb an ces . Mr. Schmid points o u t th a t regul a tion 4 . 6 formerly
specified noise and objective disturb ance from ou tside the p l aying area a s
possible rea sons for use o f the a ltern a te p laying room . H e sta ted th a t
removal of these specifics when the regu l a tions were l a s t revised was
exactly because it was rea lized tha t s u bjective or men tal disturb an ces might
a lso hinder the norm a l progress of a game .
The Jury, however, disagrees with the A ugust 5 a dvice of the Chief
Arbiter to the orga n izers .
82 J ury to Zoukh a r : " It ' s OK , Doc ! "
" I feel a bit tired" , s a i d Lothar Schm i d , who h a d j ust this noon
returned to Baguio City . His wife and two sons arrived yesterday from
Germany and he h a d spent the n ight w ith them in M a n i l a before the family
undertook the a rduous j ourney by motor c a r to our mountain ret r e a t . There
fore , Miroslav F i l i p w a s Chief Arbiter and Deputy Arbiter M a n u a l L a r a the
second offi c i a l on stage for today ' s encounter .
Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation
1 1 Ng5 !
83
84 Game Ten
14 . . . Qxd1
T a k ing the c-pawn borders on suicide . After 15 Bg5 , the Black k ing
never get s out of the center .
15 Bxd1
White needs the b i s hop p a i r , for the t ime being . Recapturing with the
rook l e ad s , a fter 15 N xb3 16 a xb3 h6 ! ( the invasion a t g5 must be
prevented ) , to an approximately level position .
.ft 18 N d4 would have failed to achieve i t s end here , too , for the same
reasons . k a rpov temporarily gives up a p awn in order to achieve a favor
able opening of lines .
21 Bxc4
T h i s keeps some edge for White , but 2 1 R d7 ! would h ave been more
active . T he point is t h a t after 21 c5 he h a s the very powerful reply
22 R e 1 ! One l ine , 22 R a d8 23 Rb7 R d3 24 Bg5 ReS 25 Re4 Rxc3
26 h3 , shows what sort of difficulties l ie in store for Black . Despite the
exchange of queen s , it is not yet an e n d g a m e .
White h o p e s to exploit the great mobi l ity of h i s rooks and thereby s e t
Game Ten 85
Obviously , White s
1 chances would be minimal in the rook endg ame .
Of course White would l ike to t ake the open file with 26 Rb l , but the
reply 26 . . . Rb8 would underscore the weakness of the back rank . So White
must lose time .
28 . . . Rb1+
Korchnoi was alre ady slipping into t ime pres sure . I n stead o f t h e move
actually playe d , 28 . . . Re2 might h ave been stronge r .
31 . . . e5
Had B l ack chased after the mater i a l , he would have gotten into great
86 Game Ten
trouble . 34 . . . Bg5 35 h 4 , and both tries a t winning the rook fail . Thus ,
35 . . . g6 loses at once a fter 36 hxg5 gxh5 37 gxh6 ; and 35 . . . Kf5 l e a d s
to m u c h unple a s antness a f t e r 3 6 h x g 5 K x g 4 3 7 g x h 6 g xh6 3 8 Rxe5 . Now
the Bl ack king is unexpectedly in d a n g e r .
O n t h e other hand , B l ack could a l so h a v e stopped h al fw a y with 34 . . .
Bg5 35 h4 B f6 , when White would soone r or later have h a d to s acrifice h i s
b i s hop at h6 . O f course , Korchnoi h a d very , v e r y l ittle t ime left in w h i c h to
calculate a l l these variation s .
After 37 Bxe5 g6 , Black would win the exchange but at too high a
p r ic e . 38 R d4+ forces the k ing b ack to c8 ( an d not 38 . . . Ke8 39 R xh6
Bxe5 40 Re4 ) , and then 39 R d6 ! g xh5 40 Rxc6+ Kb7 4 1 Rxf6 leaves all the
chances to White . However , Black could play 37 . . . Bxe5 , which would l e a d
to a s itu a tion s imilar to t h a t w h i c h occurs in t h e g ame . But now , in a
couple of move s , a rook endgame a r i s e s in which the outside p a s sed a-pawn
gives no a dvantage in view of White ' s counterplay on the k ings ide . Both
p l ayers reach t h i s conclus ion a t the 44th move .
CS - G 87
88 Hel l H a s No Fury . . . " - Or H a s I t ?
" I shall close with these word s : ' The lady doth prote s t too much ,
methink s ' . "
* * * * *
A ugust 1 0 , 1 9 78
Joint Sta tement by
World Champion A n a toly Karpov and Chief A rb iter L othar Schmid
Severa l days a go, the World Champion expressed his disconten t over the
fa ct th a t during the nin th game Dr. Vladimir Zoukhar was repea tedly a sked
to ch ange his loca tion in the au ditorium . The World Ch ampion had th e
impression th a t these ac tions were taken unila terally by the Chief Arb iter .
In the course of a recent discu ssion between the World Charrpion and
the Chief Arb iter, th e l a tter exp l a ined th a t the A ugust 5 ac tions were implem
en ted in coordin a tion t,.rith the orga n izers and upon the b a sis of an inter
preta tion of the Jury 1 s recommen dation of A ugust 3 .
I n connection with the given exp l a n a tion and taking into account th a t
the problem which h a d been discu ssed for s o long n ow i s solved, thE World
Champion retains his confidence in Mr. Schmid 1 s objectiveness and imp artia l
ity as Chief A rbiter.
(Origin a l signed) (Origin a l signed)
ANA TOL Y KARPO V L O THAR SCHMID
World Champion Chief A rb iter
A ugust 1 0 , 1 9 78
To : Members of the Jury
From : Prof.essor L im Kok A n n , Ch a irma n
Respectfu lly,
(Origina l signed)
PROF. L IM KOK ANN
Chairman
Viktor Korchnoi came from h i s dressing room five minutes early and s a t
s t r a i g ht aw ay a t the table ; in a departure from h i s norm , he ignored the
media personnel clustered in front of the stage and kept his g a ze upon the
w aiting board and piece s .
Anatoly Karpov came o n two minutes e arly , shook h a n d s rather osten
t atiously with Lotha r Schmid , and s a t down oppos ite Korchnoi .
Viktor ' s posture rema ined r i g i dly the s ame and he d i d not look up .
Anatoly g l anced fitfully to h i s right at the stage ' s b ack w a l l , then out a t
the photographers and the a u d ience - a nywhere but across the boa r d . The
oppone nts ignored one another ' s exi stence until Schmid s tarted t h e clock .
Korchnoi-Karpov
Sicilian Defence
1 g3
1 . . . cS 2 Bg2 Nc6 3 e4
8 • • • Rb8 9 Qe2
90
Game Eleven 91
12 . . . Bg4 13 Rd1 d5
Now the center close s . White obt a i n s a space advantage o n the king ' s
wing ; Black look s for counterplay on the c-file . 13 . . . f5 would a l s o have
led to very complex play .
16 Qfl b5 17 h3 Bxf3?
.ft. To j udge from everything , Karpov w a s clearly off form . A few unfort-
u n a te moves get him into a difficult position , and then into a lost one . The
exchange on f3 m ay h a ve been the fir s t . 17 . . . b4 instead would h ave been
92 Game Eleven
18 Bxf3 b4?
19 Bg4 !
19 . . . e6 20 Na4 Na5
27 • • • Rb7 28 Ba6
5 1 Qf2
Upon seeing thi s , Karpov said "1 wish to resign" and stopped the
clock . T imes used 3 : 16 - 1 : 4 1 .
* *
eyes were p uffy , and now ( more than two hours after the g ame had ende d ) he
seemed to suffer a letdown following the spell of exuberance generated by the
win.
R aymond Keene and M ichael Stea n revealed t h a t only t h e first three
moves of tonight ' s opening had been specifically planne d . Beyond that , idea
v ar i a t ions had been discus sed ; no attempt to foretell how K a rpov would
respon d .
* * * * *
Boxes of fine cigars ( according to the smokers ) were ava ilable in the
P h i l ip p i ne s , p re p a re d to order with the purchaser ' s name on the cellophane
wrapper of each c i g a r . R aymond Keene had sent one of his ( vi a Lothar
Schm i d ) as a peace offering to Viktor B aturinsky . It was delivered to the
doughty Colonel on August 1 1th , together w ith a copy of the following letter
( wh ich was written p r ior to Korchnoi ' s w in ) .
Pines Hotel
A ugust 1 0 , 1 9 78
Dear L oth ar,
I u nderstan d th a t members of the Soviet Delegation felt hurt by a
commen t a scrib ed to me a t the start of the 8th game, �,o.'hen Karpov refu sed
the tra dition a l h a n dsh ake with Viktor Korchnoi.
I confess th a t I heartily disapproved of th is gesture, which I regarded
as a p sychologi c a l p loy to disturb Korchnoi, and I made a numb er of
remarks in the heat of the momen t which I now rea l ize will only emb itter a n
a lready tense a tmosphere .
A l though I do n ot condone the decision to eschew the ha ndshake, I m
no way wish to in sult the person of the World Champion or cast any asper
sions on h is person a l h a b its . I would b e grateful if you would therefore
inform Mr. Karpov or Mr. Baturinsky tha t I now consider any offensive
remarks to be withdra wn . I do th is in a spirit which regards person a l
insult a n d acrimony a s a n unnecessary a djunct t o a ma tch for the World
Chess Championship .
Best wishes,
(Origina l signed)
RA YMOND KEENE
* * * *
95
96 Game Twelve
Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation
ft The fifth week saw Champ ion and Challenger begin another match , this
o n e to f i v e w i n s .
9 Be7
• • . 10 Rd1 0-0 11 c4 bxc4 12 Bxc4 Bc5 13 Be3 Bxe3 14 Qxe3
Qb8 15 Bb3 N a5 16 Ne1
21 . . . g5
24 Nxd5 Bxd5 25 Rxd5 f6 26 Ne4 is quite a l l right with him . Korchnoi may
h ave counted on h i s next move .
23 . . . d4
24 Be2 !
Here the Challenger s ank into deep concentr a t ion . Now the exchange of
central p awns with 24 N xe5 25 Nxd4 l e a d s to nothing good for Black .
Even at be s t , he would end up with a weakness on e6 .
24 . . . d3
25 Nxd3 Bc4
28 Rxd3 Nxe5 (-2.2_ _ Rd5 f6·. Seeking to prevent 26 . . . h6 , White played the
knight to a different square .
26 Ng3
Here ' s the point . I f he w a n t s to play for the win , White must allow
the opposing rook onto i_ts seventh rank .
Now any attempt to �omp l ic ate would involve considerable risk , s i nce
the a dv ance of Black ' s queen s ide pawns would come much faster than White ' s
att ack on the k i n g . A draw nea r s .
White succeeds in winning a pawn for a short time , but this cannot
affect the outcome of the g ame .
39 R g 7 Rxh5 40 R f4 Ke6 41 Rfxf7 R b 1+ 42 Kf2 Rb2+ 43 Kg3 Rg5+ i s
n o t dangerous to B l ack eithe r . ft
I ncident ally , neither pl ayer gave the s l i ghtest sign during t h i s game
t h a t he was aware of the attendance of either p a r a p sychologi s t .
GAME THIR TEEN
Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen ' s Gambit Declined
10 . . . c6 1 1 Bg2 Bf5
15 . . . g6
99
100 Game T h irteen
White ' s k i ngside will tel l . He ends up being right , but at w h a t cost !
16 Nf4 Bg7 17 g4
There doe s n ' t seem to be any other active play for White .
Black ' s b i shop was all ready to retre at and let the knight take its
place .
Here Black should have played more deci s ively : 20 . . . Qe7 . F rom
there the queen might go to h4 , setting up uncomfortable pre s s ure on White ' s
king side . In a dd ition , the break . . . f7-fS goes on the agenda .
I t ' s hard to agree w ith t h i s dec i s ion . On d6 , which i s where the rook
is headed , it will be p a s s ively p l a c e d . B l ack also cuts off his guard from
the b4 s quare . 23 . . . NbS w a s bette r . ft
The Soviets h a d apparently identified Berg iner , as two of their " s pec
t ators" s e a ted themselves j us t to h i s r ig h t . I f Zouk h a r can be surround e d ,
w h y not Berginer? ( A silly game , th i s o n e of musical chairs . )
27 Qb3
27 Na8 28 a4 bxa4
front of his right ear and looked very briefly into the a udience . Why?
And now Karpov put both hands to h i s face , hiding everyth ing below
h i s eye s . Then Korchnoi shook his head twice , g rimacing slightl y . Anatoly
retreated to his dressing room for a short t ime .
ft T rue to h i s tactic s , with the t ime control nearing Ka rpov seeks to
comp l icate the game . Here t h i s looks dangerou s , since the Black k i n g si de
a l so becomes vulnerable . 32 Rb5 should have been g i ven con s iderat ion ,
intending a quick a7-a 5 .
. . •
37 Qa6 ! was stronge r ; Black would not have found it e a sy to get out
o f the pin .
37 • • . Rf7 38 Rxc4
T h i s may be the only way to keep the init i at ive . C l e a rl y , with a pawn
for the exchange White i s risking noth ing . ft
For the twelve minutes it took him to make t h i s move , Korchnoi ' s left
hand - hidden from Ka rpov beneath the table ' s edge - kept every finger
going nervously ; up and dow n , one at a t ime in quick rot a t ion , touching
only air. A recently-acquired habit which seemed symptomatic of tension or
extreme une a s ine s s .
ft Here the game w a s adjourned . The pos i t ion i s tense and s t i l l unple a s a n t
for Black . Korchnoi thou ght for 4 0 minutes over h i s s e a l e d move , finally
�
selecting the most natural conti nuation . ft
There w a s no rational explan ation for the fact that Korchnoi took 40
minutes to seal h i s next move . He thus left h imself - in a very complex
position - with only 20 minutes in which to make 15 moves to the next con
trol point ( move 56 ) .
With t h i s stumbling block in h i s path , Korchnoi next day compounded an
a l ready dubious s i t u at ion by deferring resumption of the g ame for 48 addi
t ional hour s . Keene a n d Ste an told t h e pre ss t h a t t h i s delay would allow
the Korchnoi team to seek out the most decisive l i n e s in i t s effort to convert
the adj ourned position into a win for Korchno i . Obviously , however , the
s ame was true for the other side ; why make a g i ft to the Karpov team of
two extra day s for analy s i s ?
Game fourteen w a s begun o n schedule in t h e interval between ses sions o f
g ame thirtee n . I t w a s a dj ourned w i t h Korchnoi in a lost position , which left
him in a poor frame of mind - facing a "must w i n " situ ation - when play in
t h i s game w a s finally resumed .
For the pl ay-off s e s s ion , D r . Zoukh a r moved u p t o the right s ide o f row
five and w a s undeniably within Korchnoi ' s range of vision . For that matter ,
D r . Berg iner in the fourth row w a s l ikewise discernible to both players .
I g noring the st ipul a t ion t h a t they should remain in the area set aside for
the Korchnoi Delegation , P etra Leeuwerik and Y a s h a Murey a l so came to row
fou r . Whereupon va rious Soviets reinforced Zoukhar by occupying fourth and
fifth row se a t s . W a s a melee threatene d , o r wou l d they a l l s i t together i n
102 Game T h i rteen
4 1 R a 7 ( sealed move )
ft B l ack would a l so have had comp l ic ated problems to solve after 41 Nb4
or 4 1 f4 .
41 . • • Rdf6 !
42 Rxf7
42 . . • Rxf7 43 d5
l bel ieve B l a ck ' s t a sk would h ave been more difficult after the simple
capt ure on e6 .
43 . . . Be5
From here the bi shop guards c7 and al so observes the kingside . The
line 44 Qxc6 Qxd3 45 Qe8+ R f8 46 Qxe5 Qd1+ doe s not worry B l a c k . ft
Ka rpov ( not Korchnoi ! ) kept looking out tow a r d the audience . W a s he
either di sturbed or - possibly - amused by the s ilent confrontation in rows
four a n d five?
Korchnoi thought for so long here that one thing became obvious ; he
and h i s seconds h a d not a nticipated Black ' s 43rd move .
r If - ,. - ,
, - - �·
Ko rchno i , in h i s s p e c i a l c ha i r , l o om e d o v e r
K a rp o v . ( V . P . )
A p e r fu n c t ory h and s h a k e p r e c e d e d t h e e a r ly
e n c o unt e r s . ( V . P . )
" H e l p , " K a rpov s e em e d to s ay a s h e t e s t e d
a new c u s h i o n i n h i s cha i r . ( V . P . )
. . . . and t h e d e f en s i ve d e v i c e . (V. P . )
K o r c hn o i , h i s h a n d s h a k e r e fu s e d p r i o r t o
G am e E i gh t , wa s s tunn e d b y the veh em en c e
w i t h wh i c h K a r p o v u t t e r e d " N ev e r . Never
w i l l I s h a k e h an ds w i t h y o u . " ( V . P . )
V i k t o r t u r n e d mut e l y t o t h e a rb i t e r b u t
d i d n o t v e rb a l i z e no r p e r s i s t in h i s
prote s t . A t l e a s t pa r t ly b e c au s e o f t h a t ,
S chm i d t o o k n o a c t i o n exc ept t o s t a r t t h e
clock . (V. P . )
E dmond s o n , C ampomane s , and K a r pov ; a
s e r i o u s d i s c u s s i o n dur ing t h e c e l eb r a t i on
w h i c h f o l l ow e d G ame E i g h t ? ( V . P . )
D r . Z oukh ar d i d n o t r e l i s h t h e s p o t l i g h t .
(V. P . )
K a rpov ab o u t t o s e a t h im s e l f f o r t h e s t ar t
o f G a m e T en . ( V . P . )
C h i e f Arb i t e r S c hm i d in a r a r e moment - - no
p rob l ems . ( D . W . )
K a rpov r e s i g n s G ame E l even . (V. P . )
E dm o nd s o n , o n an i mp u l s e , c l app e d h an d s t o
e a r s j u s t a s an o f f i c i a l pho t o g r ap h w a s t o b e
s n appe d . L im and Ma l ch e v r e a c t e d i n s t an t l y
a n d t h i s s h o t o f t h e Th r e e W i s e Monkeys
resulted . T h e imp l i c a t i o n o f de a fne s s , dumb
n e s s , and b l in dn e s s w a s n o t , h ow e ve r , en t i r e ly
humo r o u s ; a t one t ime o r ano t h e r , the Jury ' s
f in d i ng s ( o r no n- f i n d i n g s ) p u z z l e d j u s t a b o u t
e v e ry o ne . (V. P . )
G r andma s t e r s S ch m i d and F i l i p t r i e d n o t t o
l augh a s t h ey w a t c h e d E dmond s o n a n d C amp oman e s
p l ay s k i t t l e s . (V . P . )
V i k t o r p l ay e d t ab l e t enn i s o ft en a t the B a gu i o
C oun t ry C l ub . ( V . P . )
A resolute Korchnoi has j us t d e l ivered h i s
u l t i m a t um a t t h e s t a r t o f Game S event e e n .
C amp oman e s an d F i l i p c o nf e r ; L a r a l i s t e ns in .
(V. p . )
R e s uming G am e Twen t y - N in e . (P . S . )
V i k t o r a n d P e t r a ; a qu i e t moment in t h e
g r o un d s o f t h e L au r e l v i l l a . ( P . S . )
V i k t or d em o n s t r a t e s f o r the me d i a an e x e r c i s e
r e c e n t l y l e a rn e d f r om t h e w a t ch i n g D a d a and
Did i . ( V . P . )
On 1 9 th O c t ob e r , Karpov r e l ax e d a t t h e
b e ach e s o f B au ang , L a Un i o n , a t w o - h o u r d r i v e
f r om B a g u i o C i t y . H e r e t h e Wo r l d C h amp i o n ,
h o p e fu l l y r e j uven a t e d b y t h i s c l e an s i n g
c o n t a c t w i t h n a t u r e , emer g e s f r o m t h e s e a .
(V. P . )
G r andma s t e r K e en e i n t h e p r e s s l oung e ; a
r a r e qu i e t moment . ( D . W . )
Game Thirteen 103
57 f4 Bb6 58 Bc2
58 • • • Rxe3+ 59 Kd2 Qa5+ 60 Kdl Qal+ 6 1 Kd2 Re4 and White resigne d .
Times used 3 : 58 - 3 : 56 . ft
CS - H
GAME FO UR TEEN
Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation
13 . . . Bh5
14 g4 Bg6
104
Game Fourteen 105
24 Kh2 w a s also possible , but K arpov didn ' t like h a ving h i s rook cut
off after 24 . . . B d5 .
24 . . . Bd5 25 b3 aS
28 h4 Rc6
106 Game Fourteen
K a rpov appa rently had his exc h a n g e sacrifice rea dy a long while back .
Now it l e a d s to a decisive adv antage almost by force .
32 . . . Rf8?
The most concise method . With the help of a slight tactical ope r a t ion
on move 38 , White activates his b i s hop - whereupon Black ' s pawn s , l ike
overripe frui t , fall one after a nother .
With more than 40 minutes rem a ining on h i s clock , Karpov informed the
Arbiter t h a t he would seal h i s move - a very practical dec i s ion . ft
Late t h a t n ight , in the P ines lobby , P e t r a confided to frien d s t h a t
Viktor h a d been di sturbed throughout the session by Karpov ' s actions a n d b y
t h e pl acement of Dr . Zouk h a r a n d o t h e r Soviet s . However , no offic ial com
p l a i n t w a s lodge d .
ft T h e followi n g day broug ht n o surp r i s e s whatsoeve r .
42 gxh5 gxh5 43 c4 Ra2 4 4 Rb6
White ' s next objective i s to shove h i s c-p awn all the way to the 8th .
Game Fourteen 107
With one l a st hope : 49 e6+? Kxe6 50 Rxc8 Kxd6 , when Black will soon
obtain a drawn rook ending a g a i n s t f- and h-pawn s . T h i s i s nothing White
needs ; he c a n w i n , i n s te a d , with 49 Rxc8 Kxc8 50 e6 . Karpov takes a
d ifferent l ine ; he clears the f-pawn ' s w ay and at the same t ime sets a n
u n u s u a l trap for his oppone nt .
* * *
What to believe?
For several week s , Petra Leeuwerik - claiming always to be the voice
of Korchnoi - had proclaimed that Dr. Zoukhar was at least distracting and
a t wor s t muddling the thoughts ( pos sibly by long-distance hypnosi s ) of the
Challenger . Viktor himself had frequently expressed s i m i l a r complaints to
Chief Arbiter Schmi d . Finally the org anizers had taken action a g a i n s t D r .
Zoukh a r , only to preci p i t a te a formal prote s t from the Worl d Champion . In
cons idering thi s , the · J ury h a d decided t h a t "mental disturbances" did not
fall w ithin the Arbiter ' s purview in connection with either the M atch Regul
ations or the Laws of Che s s , Article 1 9 . 1 ( c ) . ( I t should be noted t h a t s a i d
articl e , strictly speaking , deals only with the conduct of the players ; it
doe s not cover a n y " d i s t r action o r annoyance" v is ited upon either or both
p l ayers by other persons . )
On Saturday the 1 9th , during the first sess ion of g ame fourteen ,
Korchnoi gave every appearance of being d i sturbed by someone or something .
W a s it by telepathy , hypnosi s , " mental rays" or any type of p a r ap sycho
log i c a l influence emanating from Dr. Zoukha r ?
N o t i f a n y credence whatsoever coul d be placed in t h e most recent
pronouncement from M r s . Leeuwerik . On the morning of Sunday the 20th ,
prior to the play-offs of g ames thirteen and fourteen , Petra unequivocally -
and in a surprising contradiction to a l l t h a t h a d gone before - stated :
"Viktor is now convinced that neither Zoukhar nor Berginer can h ave any
effect upon a pl ayer during a g a me . "
A lthough Korchnoi h a d reque sted that D r . Berginer come here from
I s rael , that gentleman is now " making h imself a nuis ance to Viktor " , accor
ding to P e t r a . He even cla imed to have hypnotize d Karpov into moving
slowly during g ame thirteen ' s initial s e s s ion . " R ubbish ! " , said P e tr a . "If
h e i s capable o f doing t h a t , why not do i t t o a degree which would c a u s e
Karpov t o overstep t h e t ime l i m i t ? And where w e r e h i s powers d u r i n g g ame
fourteen ? "
"And where were they during t h e two pl ay-off s ? " a neutral p arty might
ask.
108 Game Fourteen
Korchnoi-Karpov
Catalan Opening
:fi: Having achieved nothing with the Queen ' s Gambit Declined and the
109
1 10 Game F i fteen
Nimzo- l ndian Defence , the Challenger changes his opening program . Now it ' s
the Catal an ' s turn , with a move order previously seen in other Korchnoi
games - among others , in his 1 977 Quarter-Fi n a l M atch with P et rosi a n .
5 • • • 0 -0 6 Bg2 dxc4
7 Ne5 Nc6
Although the idea behind t h i s cont i n u a t ion i s not new , it h a s not been
p l ayed in precisely this situation before . Black not only g ives back h i s
extra p aw n , h e i s ready to g ive up material h i m s e l f . ft
Karpov paced for several moments a s Korchnoi pondered ; then b ack to
the table for a spot of " swiveling" i n h i s c h a i r .
Korchnoi j umped up and crossed to Schm i d , voice rising and h a n d s
w aving . Viktor n e x t w e n t to h i s e a sy chair ( st a g e left ) , s e a t e d h i m s e l f and
twisted around to consider h i s move while studying the demon stration b o a r d .
Schmid w e n t to Karpov , still seated at the table , and conversed w ith
h i m for more than five minutes . Deputy Arbiter F i l i p made it a threesome .
Karpov kept rotating h i s chair back and forth the whole t ime they t a l k e d .
Obviou sly , he w a s m a k i n g the point t h a t he could d a m n e d w e l l swivel in h i s
c h a i r i f he w i s h e d to !
Korchnoi eventually came to the table , made move 8 while still s t a n d
ing , and went back to h i s armch a i r . Karpov ' s clock ran as Schmid , arms
now waving , kept talking to h i m . Anatoly ' s face w a s s e t in a defiant m a sk .
Schmid and Filip headed to a b ack corner of the stage for an Arbiter ' s
conference and Karpov quickly m ade h i s move .
8 Bxc6
Here ' s the point of the operation White began with h i s 8th move . The
c-pawn i s doomed , b u t t h i s doe s n ' t faze Karpov . ft
T he behavior p attern described prior to move 8 held throughout most of
the g ame ; in effect , we h a d a m atch with only one man seated at the table
- a n d with both Arbite r s sorely distressed. T here were s e v e r a l a dditional
convers at ions between Schmid and the respective players ; no improvement to
the unple a s ant t able au re s ulted from the m .
Game F i fteen 111
15 Bg5
15 . . . Rxb2
16 0--0 Qe6
20 Rxb1 Be6
2 1 f3 ! ReS 22 Rc 1
Korchnoi , in his armcha i r , crossed right leg over left and swung the
1 12 Game F i fteen
22 . . • Rb8
.ft Advancing the f-pawn leads nowhere ; White ' s pos ition con t a i n s no
weakne s se s .
25 Rxa2
Here the Challenger offered a draw through the Arbiter and Karpov
accepted . Times used 1 : 28 - 0 : 52 . .ft
* *
Afte r the game , Schmid reve aled that K a rpov had defied the Arbiters
onstage . First of all , he deliberately continued to swivel in h i s c h a i r
throughout their entire conver s a t ion ( at move 8 ) . Secondly , he s a i d : " I ' ll
stop swiveling if he takes off h i s g l a s se s . " T h i s b a rgaining attitude infur
i ated Schmid , especially since all three Arbiters had earlier tested Korchnoi ' s
dark g l a s ses and j udged them to be unobj ectionable .
Schmid observed that Karpov h a d made no mention of these g l a s s e s
during the fourteen prece ding game s . Furthermore , h e felt that the " swivel
ing campaign" h a d been intentionally begun on Sunday ( during the adj ourned
games s e s s ion ) as an annoy ance to Korchnoi .
Question : Since Schmid held that view , and strongly , why didn ' t he
cite Article 1 9 . 1 ( c ) and put a stop to the disturbance as soon a s it occurred?
Dou ble Trou ble
1 13
1 14 Double T rouble
days and it was effectively i solated a s rocks and mud intermittently blocked
t he only two access roads at several points . Most tragically , two of its
occupants died when c a sca ding mud totally demolished a house j ust below the
Convention Cente r .
T h e Cente r , the Terraces P l a za a n d P ines Hotel s , a n d the B a g uio
Country Club were all on high grou n d . T h u s o u r c h e s s people , sub dued by
the misfortunes being suffered all around them , themselves experienced
nothing worse than the i nconveniences of doing w ithout light s , hot w a te r , and
hot food for a relatively short period . Even s o , the J ury was in a dep r e s s e d
mood wh en it convened in t he Country Club at 10 : 30 a m .
Colonel B aturin sky immediately obj ected to t h e J u ry ' s meeting a t all , on
the g round t h a t " it wasn ' t clearly stated in a dvance" what w a s to be dis
c u s sed .
Chairm a n Lim replied that "Mr . B aturin sky w a s present in the h a l l
during game fifteen and surely knew , therefore , w h y the J ury w a s meeting .
He asked that everyone h a ve p atience and l isten to M r . Schmi d . "
The Chief Arbiter s a i d that "not only during g ame fifteen but also
during the second s e s s ions of games thirteen and fourteen things happened
which were not good for the players , the public image of chess , nor for
FIDE. He gave as his strong opinion that the J ury must work together to
obt a i n the cooperation of the playe r s , thereby ensuring that there are not
such h a ppenings during future game s . He feared otherwise that m atters may
get worse and we may witness the spectacle of the world ' s two greatest
che s s p l ayers com i n g to b lows . "
Discussion w a s short ( the entire meeting took b ut an hour and a quar
ter ) and bitte r . P oints fought over inclu ded t a l k ing on the stage , a player ' s
position i n h i s c h a i r , and Korchnoi ' s dark g l a s s e s . Finally , the Chief
Arbiter said that he "would hate to have to impose a penalty on either one
of the world ' s two best players . " Here , t aken from the Report of the J ury
Meeting , is h i s closing summation .
" First , there are to be no more strong words on the stage ; no insults .
Second , swiveling of one ' s chair or s t anding behind i t are not to be
a l lowed .
H e asked t h a t the two part i e s stop the foregoing a n d s a id that other
w i s e he would impose penaltie s , the exact n ature of which he was not pre
p a red to specify .
He s a i d t h i s left only the g l a s s e s question and it is up to the Soviet
Delegation if it wishes to protest officially a g a i n s t their u se . "
R a ther oddly , no vote whatsoever w a s taken during this meetin g .
"Chairman L i m suggested that it might be sufficient now t o g o home and
think about w h a t Mr. Schmid had s a i d and to see what happened in the next
game . "
Lotha r Schmid then distributed to the J ury a statement ( prepared and
s igned by the three arbiter s ) pertinent to the offering of a draw . Its clos
ing paragraph follows .
"An offer of a draw may be m a de either directly to the other p l ayer or ,
if neither player is in time trouble , th rough the a rbiter . An offer is not to
be m a de via the arbiter if there is l e s s t h a n five minutes rem a ining for
either player to make the next time control . "
* *
A note to remember , also taken verbatim from the day ' s Report :
"Mr s . Leeuwerik s a i d that the doctor h a d ordered these g l a s s e s for M r .
Korchnoi because he i s not a young boy and h i s eyes become t ired after
three hours under b right l ights . ' We ca nnot destroy h i s eyes only i n honor
of t h i s match . ' "
GAME SIXTEEN
Typhoon Miding ' s b ac k s ide rema ined with u s , although the wind had
fallen off to a gu sty 50 miles per hou r . The rain came down in sheets and
B a g uio City was still without powe r .
At the Cente r , efforts were m a de t o obtain a backup to the b ackup gen
e rator ; it couldn ' t be done in t ime for today ' s game . This lone generator
( des igned to run continuously for no longer than eight hour s ) h a d performed
faithfully throughout the night and morning , operating pumps which kept the
press rooms and restaurants at the lower level from being floode d .
The Arbiters a n d the Delegation Heads agreed to meet at 2 : 30 pro and
make a dec i s ion on either postponement or use of the alternate playing room
( to be l ighted by half a dozen g a s l anterns if the gener ator failed ) .
Chief Organizer Campomanes h a d managed to reach M a n i l a after ye ster
d ay ' s J ury Meetin g . He returned dramatically at about 1 : 00 pro . His car
h a d been stopped part way up the mountain by a l andslide across the roa d ;
h e clambered over the obstruction and m ade h i s way to B a guio by hitching a
ride on the other s ide . A resourceful and determined man .
Campom a n e s toured the Center with its eng ineer , then decided that the
match should proceed on schedule . He ordered the generator shut down for
two hours immediately prior to g ame time , g iving it a rest and the engineer
an opportunity for minute in spection and routine but preventive mainten ance .
Lothar Schmid h a d a l so gotten through to Manila yesterday and w a s
seeing h i s wife a n d two sons off today on their j ourney hom e . F o r this
g ame , Grandmaster F ilip became the Chief Arbiter and Manuel Lara w a s the
on stage Deputy .
Karpov-Korchnoi
French Defence
1 e4 e6
1 15
1 16 Game Sixteen
The rain a n d wind increased , the l atter c a using a set of white curtains
behind eac h player to b illow notice ably inward . A s it happened , the cur
t a i n s in Karpov 1 s line of sight were blown about more disturbingly t h an
those in Korchnoi s line of sigh t .
1
Anatoly crossed over t o speak with Filip , who summoned Chief M a r shal
Hol a zo . Holazo d i sappeared behind the curtains in a n obvious s e a rch for
some way to decrease the backstage draft . Hopele s s , with the remnants of a
typhoon raging outside !
ft T h i s line h a s its own h i s tory , w ith continua t ions like 12 Nf4 or 12 Nc3 ;
or K arpov 1 s choice , 12 Bd2 . In all line s , White retains the better ch ances .
However , one may argue with t h i s deci sion of Karpov 1 s . 14 Nd3 Bb6
15 BaS or Bb4 seens more prom1s1ng , with the k ing to be comfortably en
sconced a t d2 . White spends quite a bit of time l ater on bringing it b ack
to the center .
Two circumst ances m ay have influenced the course of this game . First ,
it w a s far from certain until two hours beforehand t h a t the game would be
p l ayed a t all , a s a typhoon had w reaked con siderable h avoc with the playing
quarters . Second , the Chempion may have been thrown off stride by his
opponent 1 s m a rkedly mode st play .
White fore stalls the advance of the d-pawn , which he could now meet by
17 c4 ; however , it is h a r d to discern any a dvantage for him . The active
pl acement of B l ack 1 s pieces renders the weakness of this d-pawn insignifi
cant .
Game Sixteen 1 17
F a r from the best continuation , as K arpov ' s reply demon strate s . Both
18 . . . R d7 and 18 . . . Nc6 look bette r .
19 Bel !
B l ack might better h ave advanced the c-paw n , ridding himself of this
additional weaknes s . P a s s ive p l a y a g a i n brings him to a ·dubious positio n .
Before putting his rook on the second rank , White wins a very impor
t a n t tempo a g a inst the pos sible . . . c6-c5 .
35 Re2 wou l d have been good for White ; an exchange would favor him ,
since the other B l ack rook is poorly p l a c e d . it
K arpov t ried to blitz an opponent in time troubl e , which prob ably
brought on h i s ove r s ight .
Korchnoi-Karpov
Nimzo-lndian Defence
CS - I 119
120 Game Seventeen
think it wou l d have been better not to establish the positions of the
quee n s ide pawn s . Black should h a ve selected either 11 BaS or 1 1
Bxc3 .
12 BxbS Bxc3?
1 3 bxc3 !
1S . . • d4 16 Ng3
16 Nc6 17 a4 NaS
Now a tense struggle begins around the c4-pa w n . If B l ack can win it ,
h i s ch ances w i l l be tremendou s . Howeve r , White h a s sufficient means a t h i s
d i s p o s a l t o defend this weakne s s .
18 Qd3 Qe6
19 exd4 cxd4
20 c5 Rfc8 21 f4 !
21 . • • Rxc5 22 Bxa6
T h i s looks very tempting , but Karpov ( who played very well in the
second part of this g ame ) is not slow to exploit the amazing defensive
resources in the forcing play which follow s . Stronger was 22 fxe5 Rxe5
( . . . Bxb5 23 axb5 Rxe5 24 b6 is very dangerou s ) 23 Bf4 ! , with a clear
initiative . P o s s ibly Korchnoi thought that the position after the piece ex
changes would favor him . ft
Karpov took a long look into the a udience ; obviously and directly at
Zouk h a r , a s he h a d to twist h i s head uncomfortably far left to do s o .
ft The check-play turns out to promise White l ittle enough . 25 R b8+ Kf7
26 R f8+ Ke6 27 f5+ Kd7 28 R f7+ Kc8 ! If now 29 Rxg7 e4 . So White accum
ulates threats by bring ing up his knight for the attack .
One h a s to think Korchnoi made this move with some s a t i s faction . The
immediate 27 Nxd4 wou l d have resulted in a drawish dis solution of the posi
tion after 27 Re4 . But now the attacked rook can only retreat to e2
( since exchanging on b5 would make White ' s pawn too dangerous ) , b ut
Karpov w a s not thinking of retre ating .
122 Game Seventeen
27 • • . Nc4 !
29 • • • Kd5 30 Nf3
Evidently White counted on g1vmg up two pieces for the rook a n d all
Black s p awns ,
1 a fter which he p l a n s to a dv ance h i s own . Better for him
was 30 N c 2 .
A typical time-pres sure check - the Black k ing w a s hea ding for the
forward a re a s anyway . But B l ack s active caval ry would certainly h ave kept
1
T ime is worth more than a pawn , especia lly since that pawn cannot
esc ape .
34 Rf4+
34 • • • Ne4 !
it Once again the motto is : "Time above material . " B l ack s small army 1
is very mobile and its activities are coordinate d , with the king in personal
comma n d .
37 • • • Ncd2 !
3 8 R a 3 ? Rc6
Mate threate n s . The first impulse and there ' s no time left for a
second - is to cover the first rank .
39 Ra1 ? ?
39 Nf3+ !
I n the best tradi t ions of che s s composition , all the pieces cooperate to
deliver the mate . White resign s , in view of 40 gxf3 Rg6 ! 41 Kh1 N f2 m ate .
T imes used 2 : 28 - 2 : 02 .
T h i s made it 4-1 ( with 12 draws ) in favor of K a rpov . ft
* * * * *
Keen enthu s i a s t s a l l , they were excited by the prospect of being on hand for
at l e a s t two and perhaps three World Championship game s . For "the 26" ,
this evening couldn ' t h a ve been better ; their " Tolya " won spectacularly to
take a commanding l e a d .
Campom a n e s , Schmid and I arrived b ack at t h e Terraces around m i d
night to find the h allway s overflowing with delirious celebrants - the Soviet
group i n its entirely , including the touri sts , presently tota l e d 43 .
We were immediately swept along into a series of toas t s and discus s ions
which were far-ranging and unabashedly friendly . The topic w a s c h e s s -
che s s in all its a spects and personalities , with neither the t alk nor the
toasts l imited to this match . And what w a s the main question which t h i s
g athering from the U SSR put t o a n America n ? "How i s Bobby F ischer? ! "
After a t ime , I found myself compa ratively alone in a room with Karpov
and only four others . ( On such a night , that ' s p rivacy ! ) T h i s gave me an
opportunity to speak with Tolya while his game seventeen victory w a s fre sh
in both our mind s . He said that he first s aw the glimmer of a mating pos
sibility on his move 32 Kd4 , although all he really hoped for at that
point w a s a probable perpetual check and a drawn g ame . Howeve r , Korchnoi
made the mist ake of trying to save the a-pawn and suddenly a m ate w a s
there , quite t o K arpov ' s surprise a s h e h a dn ' t really thought that Viktor
would a llow this to happen .
He surmised that Korchnoi might ask for a postponement of game
eighteen but was far from certain of t h i s . He did comment , however , that he
sensed Korchnoi was undeniably tired and nervous ; he would be w i s e to
t ake a res t .
A s usual , Karpov w a s quiet a n d mode s t ; sure o f h im self b u t not
overly exuberant with the 4-1 score . He still expected strong resistance from
Korchnoi . Very much a realist , this young m a n .
He drank coke while the rest of us downed vodka or cognac .
Before being swept away by h i s p a rtying countrymen , Tokya remarked
that he usually retired between 2 a n d 2 : 30 am for a sleep of eight hour s
duration . However , t h e penthouse - exposed o n a l l s ides - had been so
windy and cold during Typhoon Miding t h a t he h a dn ' t slept at all w e l l the
past three night s . No electricity , either , but l arge electric l anterns p rovided
enough light . A l so , on the second day some very kind Filip inos had c l e a ne d
out t h e fireplace a n d therea fter kept a w arming b l a ze going . B u t he w a s
g l a d t h a t t h e storm h a d now p a s sed .
The Longest Timeou t
A ugus t 27, 1 9 78
Match Jury
World Chess Champ ionship
Sir s :
A s ma tch organ izer I should like to file for your informa tion the fol
lowing:
1 25
126 The Longest T i meout
Yesterday, the challenger demanded the removal of a specta tor from his
seat and, this failing, threatened to persona lly do it with physical violence.
This last part he manifested by fla iling his clenched fist. In the gen era l
interest of the specta tors and the h igher interest of peace and order, I
a c q u iesced to his demand after much rel uctance a n d only after con sulta tion
with the neutral jury members who were presen t . Under the most recent
decisions of the jury, such a c q u iescence was unca lled for.
This should serve notice th a t any further dem ands of this kind will
rema in without compliance.
Very truly yours,
(Original signed)
FLORENCIO CAMPOMANES
Match Organizer
* * * * *
28 A ugu st 1 9 78
To the Organ iz a tion Committee and the Jury :
I appoin t Mr. R. Keene as my persona l represen ta tive with a power to
negotiate on my behalf.
(Origin a l signed)
V. KORCHNOI
rebuke may well h ave been a factor in Korchnoi ' s decision t h a t Keene should
remain as his Deleg ation Head throughout the rema i n der of the m atch .
Florencio Campomanes w a s also in M a n i l a , soliciting opinions from and
enlisting the services of expert s in the fields of p sychology and of r a d i a t ion ;
t h i s in prep a r a t ion for tomorrow ' s J ury Meeting .
I officia lly withdraw both protests a n d appeal t o the Jury t o help this
troub led match proceed in a dignified fashion . Concerning the level of
radioa c tivity on the stage , to take secon d things first, I wish to express my
tota l confidence in the good sen se and goodwill of the orga n iza tion . If,
a n d I repeat, if, an u n toward situa tion h a s developed with regard to radio
a c tive levels , I place this situa tion entirely in the hands of the organ izers.
Now, to come to the vexed problem of Dr. Zoukh ar. A l though the letter
of the rules for the World Chess Ch ampion ship does not provide for any relief
in th is question , I ask - in the in terests of FIDE and the playing of good
chess - th a t the Jury should help me discharge my du ties as Viktor Korch
noi 's represen tative . I do not wish to p ursue the accusa tion th a t Dr.
Zoukh ar is a hypnotist, b u t Mr. Korchnoi is of the firm belief tha t su ch
hypn otism might be possib le. I therefore beg the Jury to help Mr. Korch noi
in his fears by keeping Dr. Zoukh ar in the b a ckground during playing
session s . Only in this way can a dignified conclusion to this m a tch b e
guaran teed.
As long as I rema in as the head of our delegation in Baguio, I u nder
take, to the best of my a b ility, to discourage a ny extern a l disturb ance tha t
could des troy the u n ivers a l bridge o f concilia tion I a m a ttempting t o b u ild
b etween both sides, the Jury, and the Organiza tion of the World Chess
Championship .
U n question ably , Keene understood the problems of che s s and the n iceties
of che s s org a n iz a tion far better than his predeces sor . As the J ury , with
con siderable rel i e f , welcomed this changed app::-oach from the Korchnoi side ,
R a y added a telling verbal st atement : " I think everybody here is concerned
about getting the match back into a more peaceful pattern so that whomever
wins can be s a i d to have done so meritorious ly . "
The J ury ' s response w a s totally positive .
M r . Malchev expre s s e d h i s v iew t h a t , " since M r . Keene proposed to put
rel a t ionship s on different grounds , i t w a s up to the two parties to endeavor
The Longest T imeout 1 29
The meeting adjourned with everyone con fident that a h ighly explosive
s ituation h a d at l a s t been defused . M e s s r s . B aturin sky and Keene even met
the pre s s together and announced t h i s h appy conclusion .
* *
Thursda y , 3 1 st August
COMMUNIQUE
Members of the World Chess Champion ship Match Jury, Mr. V. Ba tur
insky (the representa tive of the World Champ ion , A n a toly Karpov) a n d Mr. R.
Keene (represen ta tive of the Ch a llenger, Mr . Viktor Korchnoi) h a ve agreed
upon the followin g :
Mr. R . Keene has informed th a t Mr. V. Korchnoi withdraws his req u ire
ment p u t forward a t the press conference held in Manila on A ugust 30, 1 9 78
con cern ing a mirror-screen between the particip a n ts a n d specta tors on the
stage.
Mr. V. Ba turin sky has informed th a t Mr. A . Karpov, trying to meet the
req u es ts of the Cha llenger, h a s agreed tha t starting the 18th game and to the
end of the m a tch Doctor of Medicine Sciences, Professor V. Zoukh ar will b e
loca ted in t h e s e a t s a ssigned for t h e official memb ers o f t h e Soviet Chess
Delegation in the a u ditorium by the A greement a t July 15, 1 9 78 .
Mr . R . Keene has informed th a t Mr. Korchnoi v.rill take into account
World Champion 1 s request and will not use during the p lay-session mirror
glasses, which h a n dicap Mr. Karpov 1 s eyes igh t .
The particip a n ts 1 represen ta tives h a ve expressed their hope, th a t all
these will con trib ute to further course of the ma tch in the interest of chess
and in the spirit of the FIDE principles .
* * * *
* * * * *
* * * *
and h i s l a dy a t the front entrance . They entered the h a l l and were escorted
to s e a t s in the second of the three rows reserved for V I P s . After a seven
day del a y , a t l a s t we were re a dy for the eighteenth g ame .
GAME EIGHTEEN
Korchnoi entered five minutes early and sat impa s sively a s the photo
g r aphers went wil d . He wore regular sungla s s e s rather than his silver
coated speci als ; the Swi s s emblem was prominently displayed on his right
l apel .
R i t a M a t a r a g non seated herself in the fifth row . Dr . Zouk h a r w a s not
in the h a l l when Chief Arbiter Schmid s t arted White ' s clock .
Karpov-Korchnoi
P irc Defense
1 e4 d6
In a g ame between the same two opponents a t the 1973 Leningrad I nter-
zonal , Black continued 6 . . . Nc6 7 d5 Nb8 . Today ' s 6 . . . Bg4 i s con s i d-
ered s tronge r .
8 . . . e5 9 d5 Nb4
1 34
Game Eighteen 135
10 Qd2 aS 11 h3
14 a3
17 . . . f5
The rook doe sn ' t intend to stay on this square very long . White plans
f2-f4 soo n . :fr.
24 Qe3 Qe5
CS - K
136 Game E i ghteen
The only way to p arry White ' s thre at s , the most dangerous of which i s
2 5 Bf3 . T h e weakness a t g3 allow s B l a c k t o avoid the loss o f m ater i a l .
25 Nxe4 Nxe4
26 Bf3
26 • • • N g5 27 Qxe5+ dxe5 28 B g2
Of course B lack does not l ike putting a pawn on the same color as h i s
b i s hop , but he feared ( and not without rea son ) t h e advance o f White ' s
queen s i de p aw n s . For exampl e , o n 3 0 . . . N f7 , 3 1 b4 looks very good .
31 Re3
Now t h a t B l ack ' s rook h a s left the 8th rank , the c4-c5 i dea is operative
once a g a i n .
33 • • • b6 34 Rc3 h5
4 1 Bd3
ft The sealed move . White would l ike to b ring the bishop to d1 and then
attack the a-pawn with his rook , too - but this i s far from being simple .
45 . . . Re7 46 Kf2
47 d6 R f7 !
46 • • • Bd7
Forced . Black prepares to advance the e-p awn . After repeating moves
to help m ake the time control , Karpov enters the main v a r i ation .
The most accurate defen sive plan . Black walls in the enemy rook ,
which c a n then only travel in one direction .
.,.,
56 b4 ReS+ 57 Kd4 Kf4 58 Ra8 g5 59 Rc8
After this move , Karpov offered a draw verb ally and directly to his
opponent ; Korchnoi accepted . T imes used 4 : 02 - 4 : 07 .
White ' s pawns cannot s t a rt a m arch to victory , since 65 a 4 i s met by
65 . . . Kf2 , while after 65 Rg1 Kf2 66 Rxg2+ Kxg2 67 a4 Kf3 and Black ' s
king comes back j us t i n time to support the rook . ft
Several newcomers in the audience today . I dubbed one the "Gallery
M a n " ( for lac k of a proper n ame ) a n d gue s s e d him to be R i t a ' s replacement .
He s a t in the g allery section closest to the stage , facing Karpov , and moved
several times from a low to a high row and back again . He spent most of
the three hours sitting stiffly erect , either with h i s eyes closed or fixed
steadily upon K arpov .
Game E ighteen 139
Others who seemed to have little interest in the g ame c ame and went ,
s a t in v arious rows and d i d an uncommon amount of staring at either Karpov
or Zouk h a r .
D r . Zouk ha r , for h i s p a rt , a t one point gl ared so h a r d a t Korchnoi
t h a t h i s eyes t h re atened to pop out . In the dimly-lit rear of the auditorium ,
however , he could not pos sibly h ave been discernible to the players .
W i l l the "good" r a y s overcome the "evil" r a y s ? And whose r a y s fall in
which c ategory ?
A Shorter Brea k
140
A Shorter Break 141
Korchnoi-Karpov
Catalan Opening
6 . . • b6 7 0-0 Bb7
10 Ndf3 cS 1 1 b3 aS
142
Game N ineteen 143
to play with a n i solated pawn would h ave continued 11 . . . cxd4 1 2 Bb2 Ne4 .
K arpov prefe r s the "hanging pawn" center . J udging from the game 1 s further
cours e , such a treatment seems completely j us t i fie d . With h i s l a s t move ,
B l ack p l a n s a c tive operations on the queenside ; among other thing s , he
intends the further advance of his a-pawn .
clearly demons t r a te s .
1 6 . . . Bd6 !
17 dxc5 bxc5
18 e3 a4 19 bxa4 Ba6
20 Re1 Bxd3
22 Raa8
The natural 22 . . . Rb4 would take the rook away from the attack on
the a-paw n , and on 22 . . . Rea8 White could play 23 Redl c4 24 Qb7 , when
the counterattack on the d-pawn equ a l i ze s . White might hit the center p awn
here , too : 23 R c d l , and after 23 c4 24 Qb5 Rxa2 25 Bxe4 Qxe4
26 Qxd5 Qxd5 27 Rxd5 Bf8 , Black h a s only a minimal edg e .
28 Rc2 Be7
The king c a nnot support the pa s s e d c-pawn and the d-file is closed to
him , due to the pos sible c a pture on c 5 . So Karpov takes the serious step of
al low i n g the enemy rook into h i s l i ne s , pl anning to hunt it down later .
29 Rd7 Rb6
30 g4?
Game N i neteen 145
32 Rd2 g6
33 Kg2 f5
34 g5 !
* * * * *
September 9 , 1 978
TO : ALL PRINCIPALS
A fter protracted con sulta tions with loc a l and foreign chess officials, and
in keeping with the dignity of the World Chess Ch ampion ship Ma tch , we h a ve
decided to disallow entran ce into the Karpov-Korchnoi games by persons of
known crimin a l record who could in any way a lter the cordial a tmosphere
recently brought a b o u t by the agreement rea ched between the representa tives
of b oth players .
We regret th a t Mr. Korchnoi h a d the m isfortu n e to choose such persons
with records . We therefore offer to provide h im with persons of e q u a l if not
b etter c ap a b ilities to p u t his mind at ease and to strengthen his will to win
even if we h a ve to secure them from a broa d .
I n view, however, o f the m any factors tha t h a d t o b e con sidered, of
the l a te hour of this decision , a n d in fa irness to the world cha llenger, we
are for the 20th game only a llowing s a id persons to enter the premises of the
ma tch site provided th a t they follow the commonly a ccepted mode of a ttire and
b eh a vior, which shall b e conveyed to them upon their seeking admission .
From the 2 1 s t game onward, a n d for the rea sons indica ted a bove, their
a dmission shall be tota lly disa llowed.
(Origin a l signed)
FLORENCIO CAMPOMANES
Match Organ izer
1 47
148 Game Twenty
Karpov-Korchnoi
Caro-Kann Defence
.ft One m i ght expect the double-edged 5 . . . gxf6 here , but the specter of a
fifth loss dictates a more con servative a pproach . I n the s y s tem played ,
however , Black does not h a ve a n e a sy t ime neutra l i z ing the extra pawn on
the q ueens i de . .ft
Luc Claes , wearing a dark-blue suit and accompanied by several F i l i p
i n a s , s e t t l e d i n to a seat directly a c r o s s t h e a i s le from D r . Zouk h a r ( who
kept to the Soviet g allery for five sol i d hours ) .
Dada ( Steven Dwyer ) , wearing white trousers and a long-sleeved blue
shirt , j oi ne d P e t r a in the Korchnoi g a llery .
.ft B l ack might h ave tried to prevent the imminent development of White ' s
bishop to f4 by p l aying 8 . . . Qc7 ; but then , after 9 Ng3 0-0 10 QhS or
N f5 , h i s k ing ' s w i n g would be threatene d .
9 Bf4
16 . . . Nc7 17 b3
17 . . . Rfe8
must retreat . ft
While thinking about h i s next move , Karpov unconsciously shot his
cuffs . He habitually does t h i s when s a t is fied with h i s g ame .
ft B l ack ' s knight simply cannot find a comfortable spot . I t moves t h ree
more times over the next five moves , finally returning to· i t s former p l ace .
2 1 . . . NbS m i g h t have been more active ; then 22 Qe3 Qa3 23 c4 Nxd4 ! i s
b a d for White . 22 R c 1 might be the strongest , but then B lack could advance
h i s c-p a w n . ft
When a waiter b rought K a rpov h i s yogurt ( a s i s routine ) , he a l so
deposited a g l a s s a t Korchnoi ' s elbow . Out o f curiosity , I intercepted the
waiter and a s k e d what he had served to the Chal lenger . "Calamansi ( lime )
j uice , " he s a i d , "with a white powder which Mrs . Leeuwerik put into i t ! "
24 Bf3 h6 25 h4
And K arpov ' s desire to nip that proposed activ ation in the bud is a l so
unders t a n d able .
27 . . • f4 28 Qc3 Qf6
29 Qa5 !
29 Ne6 30 dS cxdS
33 cxd5 b6 32 Qa4 !
The most logical cou r s e . While B l a c k "tunes his strings" on the king-
side , White ' s queens ide pawns make great strides forw a r d . W e may add that ,
here and earlier , moving the knight to eS would be striking at air , so long
as White could c apture on b6 .
41 Re1
.ft The more practical course would h ave been to seal this move . Black ' s
reply i s , for a l l practical purposes , forced . White might then have ironed
out the most accurate way to win in the quiet surroundings of his quarters .
4 1 aS woul d h a ve been a very good move here , too .
41 . . . Ne6
Game Twenty 151
42 • • • g4 43 Kfl
43 . . • g3 44 Qe5 h 4
45 aS ! bxa5
B l ack would lose quickly after 45 ... g xf2 46 Qxf6+ Kxf6 47 Rxe6+ !
and 48 a6 .
46 b6 Qxe5
47 Rxe5 Rb8
47 Nd4 also falls short , but for a different rea son this time ;
48 Be4 ' Rxd7 49 b7 Rd8 50 R d5 .
48 b7 Nd8 49 ReS
CS - L
152 Game Twenty
52 Bf3??
After 52 Kf3 f5 ( there ' s no other way to defend the h-p awn ) 53 Kf4
Kf6 54 Bd5 ! a4 55 Rel a3 56 Re2 , Black would be in zugzw ang , forcing
him to quit the f-file : 56 . . . Kg6 , and then White wins with 57 R a 2 Kf6
58 Rxa3 Ke7 59 R a 8 Rxb7 60 Bxb7 N xb7 61 Rh8 Kxd7 62 Kxf5 .
52 Kd3 also seems to work .
52 a4 53 Re4
I t still might not h a ve been too late to bring the b ishop b ack to d5 .
I t appears t h a t , in c a lculating the possible rook ending , Karpov under
e stimated Black ' s 59th move .
The win of the exch ange after 55 R a 8 Rxb7 56 Bxb7 Nxb7 would soon
result in a standard drawn position , with rook and g-pawn v s . knight and
f-paw n .
55 • • • Kxd7 56 Rf4?
D a d a and Didi had been banned from the Convention Cente r , but Viktor
Korchnoi continued to spend severa l hours with them each evening . He
seemed to be genuinely convinced that inner peace and strength could be
found t h rough yoga and t h a t i t would make h i m less susceptible to any dis
turba nce from outs i de influence s . "I no longer worry about Zoukha r , " he
said.
Viktor ' s confidence w a s so much increased by these meditation s e s s ions
that he actually spent 1 t hour s with his Ananda M argii friends late Tuesday
morning . After lunch , an hour with h i s chess aides and then a short rest
b e fore g a me time .
Karpov , on the other h a n d , could not help but be aware of the recent
change s . Specifically , Dr . Zouk h a r was now s itting in the Soviet g a l lery at
the very rear of the h a l l , but the other side was practica l l y flooding the
place with hostile parap sychologist s . Whether o r not b e believed they could
a ffect h i s g ame w a s beside the point ; Anatoly w a s aware of their pre sence
and their hopes . So , he acte d . Ten minutes before this g ame commence d ,
Loth a r Schmid w a s handed the following lette r .
Sep tember 1 2 , 1 9 78
Mr . L oth ar Schmid, Chief A rbiter
Dear Mr . Schmid,
On A ugust 31 , 1 9 78 a compromise agreemen t between the two parties
a imed at the norm a l iza tion of the situa tion h a d b een rea ched. However, a s
it i s ob vious n ow, Mr. Korchnoi and some o f his represen ta tives keep on
intensifying the tension and beha ving uneth ically .
I n the first p lace, i t applies to the unprecedented i n the history of
chess competitions in vita tion for persons sentenced for terroristic a c tivities
to b e present at the 18th, 1 9th and 20th games and a l l the more so to
include them in the cha llenger 1 s delega tion .
Reitera ting for a long time the version of the infl u ence of the Soviet
doctor on the course of the m a tch , and demanding his repla cement and even
ejection from the a u ditorium, Mr. Korchnoi in the meantime h a s invited a
n um b er of psychologists, ,.rho freely loca te themselves in the orchestra stall
or in the immediate vicinity of the Soviet chess delegation .
I am not persona lly a ffected by their presence, b u t as you a lways
stated, a complete p arity in respect to both p articip a n ts must b e observed.
I took in to a ccoun t your requests and tha t of the cha llenger and ga ve
154
Game Twenty-One 155
Respectfully yours,
(Origin a l signed)
ANA TOL Y KARPO V
World Ch amp ion
Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen ' s Gambit Declined
ft Departing from the 9th Match Game with a novelty i n tournament p rac
t ice . The idea i s to put the rook on the s ame file as the enemy king and ,
even if B l ack h a s to resort to s a c r i fi ces , to exploit the somewhat l a g g ard
state of White ' s k in g s i de piece development . The concept i s certainly inter
e s t ing . ft
While Korchnoi thought on h i s 1 1 th , Karpov s tared straight at h i s eyes
very , very briefly and then looked b ac k at the boar d .
ft This w a s the pos sibility underlying B l a c k ' s lOth move . Accepting the
p iece is risky ; after 1 3 exd5 exd5+ 1 4 Ne2 , Black c a n play either 1 4
dxc4 or 1 4 . . . Ng4 15 Bh4 ( to prevent 15 • . • N xf2 16 Kxf2 d6+ ) 15
156 Game Twenty-One
dxc4 and White can decide which way to lose . For example : 16 Qxc4 Ne5
and B lack wins after either h i s pawn or his knight moves to d3 .
White in s t e ad finds the strongest continuation , keeping an eye on the
vital d i a gonal b 1-h7 .
15 Bc2
18 • • • Bd6 19 Rxd5 R eS
Holding on to the p awn by leaving one ' s king in the center would be a
t h a nkles s undertaking . T h i s leads to a quiet position , in which White h a s a
small positional a dv antage .
23 • • • Rxc4 24 Rd1
Game Twenty-One 157
24 • • • Qe5?
2S g3 a6 26 Qb3 bS 27 a4
32 • • • f5
T h i s does more than merely w i n a tempo on the rook ; from a4, the
k n ight actively s upports the p a s s e d p awn .
I t looks l ike White wou l d have had a much more difficult task a fter
39 . . . Bd6 .
42 • • • BeS
43 f4 ( se aled move )
.ft The strongest l ine . White sets h i s king free , while the slight weaken-
ing of his pawns makes no difference .
45 • • • Ke7 46 h3
46 h5?
T h i s prevents that plan , but now there are too many Black p a w n s on
the fifth rank . 46 . . . Rb5 w a s bette r .
47 R g8 Kf7 48 Rd8
Now if B l ack goes in for the line mentioned in the note to move 45 , the
h-pawn will be en prise .
48 • • • g5
( see next d i a g r a m )
57 Kxe4 Ke6 . White avoid s this reef by creating a second passed pawn,
w h i c h decides the g am e .
56 . . . Rfl+ 5 7 Ke4 Rel+ 58 Kd5 Rdl+ 59 Nd3 Rxd3 6o Kc4 and Black
resigned by stopping the clock and signing his score sheet . Times used
3 : 29 - 3 : 3 1 . ft
T here were no Ananda M a r g i i i dentifiable in the h a l l during the g a m e ,
but there w a s a tremendous amount of moving abou t , s taring , m i l d j ostling ,
a n d evident a nimosity between v a r ious p a rtie s . Dr . Zoukh a r remained in the
Soviet g allery , but Rosh a l , Krylov , and others were constantly in and out of
the fourth row orchestra ( floor-level ) s e at s . Luc Claes and a goodly number
of his cohorts a l ternately meditated and changed their location s . Sever a l
F i l ip ino security guards were a lw ay s in close protective proximity t o the
Soviet Delegation ( some of whose members looked quite c apable of p roviding
their own protection ) . Petra Leeuwerik couldn t s i t still , nor coul d anyone
1
Dear Sirs :
In view of the lega l informa tion con ta ined in the decision (copy of
which you h a ve received today) of the Circuit Crimina l Court, 7th Judicial
Division, we are constra ined to protest the a ssociation , in a n official cap
a city, of Mr. Steven Dwyer and Ms . Victoria Shepherd with the World Chess
Ch amp ionship Match .
Their continued a ssocia tion , with its implica tions and consequences,
will compel u s to a sk for a technical recess of the Match un til this q uestion
is resolved by th e Jury . This failing, we are left n o a l ternative b u t to
termin ate this Match for rea sons of genera l and persona l security.
The Commanding General of the Philippine Constab ulary (na tion a l police)
in the area h a s been apprised of the critica l situa tion .
Sep tember 1 4 , 1 9 78
Mr. Florencio Campomanes
Match Organizer
Dear Florencio,
In accordance with the n orm a l iz a tion of the Match a tmosphere which we
a l l desire, I can assure you tha t the two mem b ers of the A na n da Marga will
b e departing from the Pines Hotel th is a fternoon . They will a lso desist from
further use of official transport u n a ccomp a n ied by recogn ized princip a l s .
I trus t th a t this new l o w profile to b e m a in ta ined by the two mem b ers
of the A nanda Marga will be of m a teria l a ssistance to you in m a in ta in ing the
security so necessary to the well b eing of the ma tch .
(Origina l signed)
RA YMOND KEENE
Chief Second to Mr. Viktor Korchnoi
Karpov-Korchnoi
French Defence
:ft. Few thought t h a t after h i s m i s s e d win in the twen t ieth g ame the Cham
p ion would not take a dvantage of a t imeout . But he did not , either a fter
the unlucky twentieth or after the twenty-fir s t , in which the Challenger
succeeded in cutting h i s l e a d to two point s . Apparently , Karpov deci d e d
a g ai n s t slow i n g the pace .
13 b6
20 c3 bS 21 Nd4 a6 22 Nc2
it T h i s is one of the ideas behind White ' s 20th move . The unplea s ant
23 Nb4 now threaten s .
25 f4 !
Now the kings ide p awns start moving , with the aim of driving b ack the
hostile c avalry . The immediate threat is 26 f5 Nc7 27 Bf4 and 28 N e3 . ·
25 • • • Rbc8 26 g4
This isn ' t b a d , but I believe 26 f5 Nc5 27 Bxc5 Rxc5 28 Ne3 , w inning
Game Twenty-Two 163
a p awn , would h ave been more decisive , since after 28 ReS White p l a y s
. • .
26 • • • d4
White certai nly must h ave foreseen the pawn sacrifice a n d i s now re a dy
to defend for a while . 28 fS Nef4 l e d to unnec e s sa ry complication s .
28 • • • b4
31 Ne3 !
Now i t ' s clear that 31 . . . Nxe3 32 Bxe3 N xh3 fails to 33 Rhl ! NgS
34 BxgS hxgS 3S R dh3 . So B l ack m u s t retre a t .
31 • • • Nf6 32 dS !
M aterial e quality i s restore d , but not for long ! The sluices are opened
for the White piece s , e specially the b ishop .
42 Bc7 ? ?
The i dea of limiting the enemy knight ' s m aneuvers has merit , but the
most exact solution would h a ve been 42 R d4 Nc8 43 Bc5 , when B l ack i s
helple s s .
] udging from Karpov ' s reaction , t h i s move must h a ve escaped him com
pletely . Here , too , he could quite r e asonably h a ve adjourned the g ame .
46 Bb4?
46 • • • Re2+ 47 Kd3?
48 Bd2
48 Re7
• • • 49 a4 Rd7+ 50 Kc2 Kh7 51 Rxb2 h5 52 gxhS Nd6 53 Ra2
Nxf5 54 aS Nd4+ 55 Kc3 Nc6 56 a6 RdS 57 Bf4 Rf5 58 Bd6 Rd5 59 Bg3
RgS 60 Bf2 RxhS 61 Kc4 Na5+ 62 Kc3 Nc6 63 Ra4 Kg8 64 Kc4 Na5+
Game Twenty-Two 165
The draw w a s agreed here , silently , when K arpov was the first to sign
h i s scoresheet . T imes used 3 : 34 - 4 : 00 . ft
Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen ' s Gambit Declined
166
Game Twenty-Three 167
ft The queen a b andons the c-file for a s a fer and h ighly active position .
F rom d2 , it observes both wings .
24 Bg4
25 f3 Be6 26 a4
Since Black c annot reply ... a7-a5 , White succeeds in creating queen
side play .
26 b6 27 aS b 5 ! ?
30 b6 axb6 31 Rxb6
31 . . . Rc6
CS - M
168 Game Twenty-Three
White gets nothing after 32 Bxd5 Rxd5 33 ReB+ Kg7 , since 34 Qb4 is
not playable in view of 34 . . . Rcl+ 35 Kf2 Qh4+ . And Black has a sturdy
defense to 34 Rbb8 in 34 . . . Qg5 .
The positions most troublesome for Black are those with the bishops
still on . Black ' s bishop runs up against White ' s well-protected pawn at f3 ,
while White ' s supports his threatening passed pawn . The plan which Korch
noi selects is the one which puts Bl ack in the greatest danger .
35 • • • I<.g7 36 BxfS
White could win the exchange here by 36 a7 Bxd3 37 Qb8 , but Black
has an escape hatch : 37 Be2 ! 38 Rxe2 ( 38 a8Q Rxb8 39 Qxb8 gives
Black counterchances ) 38 d3 39 Rd2 Qd4+ 40 Kfl , and Black has his
choice between 40 Qd5 at once or after driving the White king to g3 .
36 • • • QxfS !
All the rules say that such a rook engame is won for White , but in
this case we are dealing with an exception .
Both 36 . . . gxf5 37 a7 and 36 . . . d3 37 g4 would be dangerous for
Black .
Here ' s the rub : White ' s king is also cut off from his pawn .
40 Ra2 Re7
Yet another t ropi c a l storm had moved i n to our a rea and the beat of
rain on the roof was highly audible ; neither pl ayer g ave any indicat ion
t h a t he noticed .
P e ace a t l a s t ?
GAME TWENTY-FO UR
* * * *
Dr . Theo Aebersol d , recently arrived from Swi t zerland upon Korchnoi ' s
( Leeuwerik ' s ) reque s t , g l a ddened Keene ' s heart on Sunday eveni n g� . After
reading the court papers on the Dwyer and Shepherd t r i a l , Dr. Aebersold
tol d R aymond that P etra had been imprudent to bring i n the Ananda M a rg a ;
"these people have go t o go" .
Would D r . Aebersold be able to convince Viktor and Petra t h a t h i s
v i e w s were correct? An interesting development , since P e t r a app arently
sought Aebersol d ' s presence to support her - or m aybe to guide her i f she was
wrong?
On Monday n ight , Korchnoi hosted a well-attended meditation s e s sion at
h i s villa . At l e a s t four Ananda Margii were present , plus another dozen or
so people - the e n t i re Korchnoi group ( which now included Dr . Aebersold ) ,
even R a y mond and Annette Keene .
V iktor obviously enjoyed the company of Dada and D i d i , and yog a
les sons h a d become h i s primary method of relaxation . As for D r . Aebersold -
who convinced whom?
* *
1 70
Game Twenty-Four 171
Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation
1 0 Bc2 Nc5
1 1 h3
K a rpov thought for quite some t i me over t h i s move . White coul d also
h ave p l ayed for a d irect attack on the k ing by 15 Qd3 g6 16 Bh6 R fe8
17 Nc3 , but i n t h a t c a s e the counterblow c7-c5 woul d h a ve g ained i n
force ; Black woul d h a ve obt a i n e d counterplay i n the center and o n t h e
queen s i d e . The question would h ave b e e n "Who comes f i r s t ? "
K a rpov prefers the positiona l solution . B lack will h a ve to play
c7-c5 sooner or later , s ince otherwise ( for exampl e , after 15 Bf5
16 Bxf5 Qxf5 17 Nb3 ) the pres sure on the c-file could become unpl e a s a n t .
18 Be3
172 Game Twenty-Four
Worth looking into was the straightforward 18 Bxf5 Qxf5 19 Nd4 , since
19 . . . Qd3 is bad because of 20 Nc6 ! ; and after 19 Qg6 or 19 . . . Qd7 ,
. . •
22 • • • Rc4
The rook is ideally placed here . The d-pawn , not so long ago in need
of care , becomes a powerful force.
23 Red1 Qb7
24 a3
The threat to invade at b4 was unpleasant enough , but now the pawns
at a3 and b2 may become good targets for the bishop in an endgame .
24 • • • g6 25 Qa2 aS
26 b3 Rc3 27 a4 bxa4?
I think White would have had a tougher time of it after the unhurried
27 . . . b4 .
28 bxa4 Rc4
P l aying to win a pawn by 28 . . . Ra3 does not work out . After 29 Qc2
Rc8 30 Qb1 Qxb1 31 Rxb1 Rxa4 32 Rxd5 , White ' s rooks threaten to break
into the seventh rank .
29 Rd3 !
A very important defensive resource . At last , White ' s queen enters the
fray .
35 Bxf8 Kxf8 36 g3
Game Twenty-Four 173
36 • • • Ke7
Black s refusal to allow the hostile rook to reach the seventh rank is
1
understandable , but the king will not be completely safe in the center .
After repeating moves to gain time , Black plays for the win. This
attempt , however , is not so dangerous for White .
* * *
* *
174
Game Twenty-Five 175
Korchnoi-Karpov
E n g lis h Opening
1 c 4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e 5
.ft P erhaps the most rational cour se . B l ack is unwilling to tolerate this
uninvited guest any longer .
1 1 d4
ft. White gets nothing from 16 a5 Qxe2 17 axb6 axb6 18 Qxb6 Qb5 ! ;
this endg ame is drawish .
18 • • • R fc8 1 9 Nf4?
Per h ap s White should have forced the pace here with 19 a6 . The line
19 . . . Bb6 20 axb7 Rxb7 2 1 dxc6 Bxc6 22 Bxc6 Rbc7 23 d5 Qxe2 24 R a e 1
l e a d s to a position w i t h s h a rply defined drawing tendencies , b u t White would
have retained his microscopic advantage . Now , however , the picture begins
to change .
21 • • • B gS
Now White ' s intended 22 Ne6 fails a g a i n s t 22 ... fxe6 23 dxe6 Be8 .
The knight must therefore give up i t s ambition s .
Here B l ack h a d a number of choice s . T aking the fight t o the king side
was a t t ractive : 25 cxd4
• . •26 Nxd4 Bxd4 27 R x d4 Qf6 . And the queenside
option was also p l ay able : 25 a6 ( preparing
• . . b7-b5 ) , or even 25 . . .
b6 26 a6 Bg4 .
3 4 Nf4 g 6 3 5 Re2
T h i s prevents that threat , but the cure turns out to be worse than the
d i se a se . With White s position a lr e a dy so compromis e d , it is difficult to
1
35 . . . Bel
T h i s i n v a s ion should have decided the g ame in a few moves . The queen
has but one s qu a re , e4 , since 36 Qf2 Bxf4 is hopele s s .
36 Qe4 ·Kf8?
I wouldn t even say that winning the queen w a s neces s arily the best
1
37 bS axbS
K arpov figured that the p aw n push would not help White in view of
37 BxbS 38 BxbS axbS 39 Nd3 ( 39 RxbS Rc4 i s clearly hopele s s ) Rc4 ,
but at the l a st moment noticed that White could p l ay 40 Rxc l !
38 Qb4 ReS?
41 Ne7?
41 • • • R8c4.
42 Bxc4 ( se a l e d move )
ft The most n atural , but perhaps not the most dangerous move for B l a c k .
Unfathomable complications are generated by 42 Qxd6 Qxd6 43 N f5+ Kf8
( . . . Kf6 is b a d because of 44 Nxd6 a n d 45 Ne8+ ) 44 Nxd6 R4c3 45 Re8+ Kg7
46 Be4 .
42 • • • Rxc4 43 Qxd6
43 • • • Rc3
47 f5+ Kg7 48 Ne8+ Kf8 49 Nf6 Kg7 50 Nh5+ Kf8 51 Nf4 Bc4
For the moment , a dvancing the b-pawn would be poi ntle s s , s ince it
would then be vulnerable to the White rook . Now 52 R d2 would let Black s 1
5 2 ReS Ra3
Karpov-Korchnoi
English Opening
1 c4 e5 2 Nc3 d6
180
Game Twenty-Six 181
Korchnoi-Karpov
English Opening
I t seems to me that B l ack did not h ave to m ake this retreat yet .
Neither 1 1 . . . d6 nor 1 1 c6 would have rid him of h i s difficultie s , but
still they would h ave allowed him to fight on for d4 . Now B l ack ' s position
becomes critica l .
1 2 a4 !
12 • • • dxe3 13 dxe3
182
Game Twenty-Seven 183
White p rep a r e s h i s onsl aught in the center , b u t this continua t ion is too
routine to be b e s t . After t h e g ame , Karpov s a i d that the most uncomfortable
defense for Bl ack would h a ve been that after 15 R ab 1 ! , and on 15 . . . d6
1 6 b4 a xb4 1 7 Bxb4 , with powerful p r e s s ure on the c-file .
18 • • • Rfe8 !
I l abel this move thus for psycholog i c a l a s well as chess rea sons .
B a sed o n White ' s l a st move , K arpov accurately guessed that h i s opponent w a s
under a false impression of security . And when Korchnoi , completely g iven
over to the storm he himself was about to unle a sh , unpinned h i s f-pawn by
19 Kh1 ?
19 c6 !
White would have obtained a slightly inferior ending after 22 exd6 Qxd6
23 Qg5 Qg6 . Here it seems Korchnoi must h a ve expected only 22 . . . B e6 ,
when even 23 Bc6 i s not b a d . But B l a ck ' s 19th move not only provoked a
CS - N
184 Game Twenty-Seven
dubious k ing move , it also cleared a good s quare for B l ack ' s most active
piec e .
24 • • • Bg4
26 • • • RedS !
I t i s this move ( wh ich was undoubtedly foreseen ) that j ustifies the loss
of the light-squared b i s hop . Now , for example , the attempt to drive the
enemy queen from its attacking position by 26 h5 woul d have failed to
27 Qxg7+ . White controls the e-file , but control of the d4 s quare is far more
important ; as soon as it is occupied by the Black b ishop , White ' s l a st
hop e s of a king side attack d i s a p pe a r .
28 • • • g6 !
29 Qe2
mov e . ft
With less than three minutes left for 1 1 move s , it would have taken a
miracle for Korchnoi to find the correct path all the way to time control .
Here White cannot maintain his rook on the open file , since 41 Qe2
loses at once to 41 . . . b 3 .
Having learned from recent experience , Karpov sealed his 41st move with
twenty minutes in reserve .
Analysis supported the unanimous opinion that playing out this game
would be a s uncomfortable as it would be unrewarding for White . So we
waited for a telephone call , advising u s of his resignation . However , the
telephone was silent . At around 5 : 00 pm on Friday , the Convention Center
began to fill ; but those present waited in vain for play to resume .
* * * * *
* * * * *
187
188 P re lude to the L a s t Run
a lready faced and accepted the likelihood of defe a t , which is why the loss
of g ame twenty-seven h a dn ' t shaken him as much as the loss of g ame seven
tee n .
L a t e r , a s Stean a n d I were having a nightcap at t h e b a r o f t h e P in e s
Hotel , h e remarked t h a t the Keenes h a d decided to sleep a t the B aguio
Country Club and mused "Why ? " I ventured t h a t perh ap s , by getting off b y
themselves , R a y a n d Annette hoped for a more peaceful n ight t h a n they
usually experienced in their quarters at the P in e s .
Michael c huckled and s a i d t h a t w a s probably i t , since l a st night Y a s h a
and P et r a h a d engaged in a shouting match i n t h e Keene s ' room . The
ruckus began a t approximately midnigh t , a f t e r a n a l y s i s h a d confirmed t h a t
t h e a d j ourned position w a s utterly lost , a n d continued until 5 : 00 am ! It
s t arted i n R u s s i a n a n d then , unaccountably , switched into E n g l i sh . ( Which
was extraordinary , considering Y a sh a ' s lim ited command of English . ) M aybe
- by speaking the l anguage of the witnesses to this bitter d i s a g reement -
the a nt agon i s t s h a d sought support from Keene or Ste a n , but those worthies
h a d kept pretty well out of i t . Now , howeve r , Michael confided t h a t he
a g reed with everything which Yasha had laid onto P etra . The g i s t of h i s
a rgument w a s t h a t s h e h a d excessively h a rmed Viktor ' s c ause by introducing
politic s , personalities , and constant turmoil into an event which should h ave
been concentrated solely upon che s s . It was Y a s h a ' s unwavering view t h a t
Petra Leeuwerik h a d thereby c o s t Viktor Korchnoi the World Championship .
Three days e a r l ie r , Y a s h a h a d forcefully voiced these op1n1ons to
Korchnoi and told him t h a t either P et r a h a d to leave or he ( Ya s h a ) intended
to do s o . Viktor h a d put off g iving a reply until this weeken d . Whatever
h i s decision , would it be meaningless with Karpov needing j ust' one more
poi n t ?
GAME 'TWENT�EIGHT
J us t before five o ' clock , Yasha Murey appeared in the playing hall .
I t was his first time there in many g ames - and Petra w a s among the
m i s sing !
Michael exp l a i ne d : " Y a s h a h a s won the power struggle . P et r a h a s
b e e n b a nned from t h e Convention Center . "
" I t w a s only a p a r t i a l victory , " I ob serve d . " I f Yasha h a d truly won ,
P e t r a would now be on a flight bound for Swi t zerland . "
Michael replied that even p a r t i a l victory h a d s a t i sfied Murey to the
point where he WO\.lld stay on until the finish . A s for Korchnoi , he w a s
pleased w i t h hi s own deci sion ( which , he hope d , h a d c almed t h e t roubled
w aters within his camp ) and in high spi,r i t s for today ' s g ame .
Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation
.ft The Challenger selects an old and little-studied continuation , con s i dered
r i sky for Black but a l so generating possibilities for counterplay . .ft
Karpov gave plenty of thought to h i s 9th a n d lOth moves , while Korch
noi first rel axed in h i s a rmchair a t stage right and then retreated to h i s
dressing room . He g ave the impres s ing of being very pleased w ith his
opening play .
( see next d i a g r a m )
great a dv antage from 14 h3 Bh5 15 N xcS BxcS 16 Bxh7+ Kxh7 17 N g5+ Kg6
18 g4 . Korchnoi avoids it - and p l a y s the rest of the g ame , as well , with
a dmirable verve .
189
190 Game Twenty-Eight
13 • • • Ne6
14 h3 Bh5 15 Bf5
15 • • • Ncd8 16 Be3 aS ! ?
It would be nice to p l ace this knight a l i ttle more actively , but after
19 N b d4 Nxd4 20 cxd4 Ne6 B l ack would swiftly work up counterplay a g a i n s t
t h e W h i t e d-paw n . ft
At 7 : 15 , a w a i ter b rought yogurt to Karpov a n d orange j uice to
Korchnoi - the u s u a l routine . U n u s u a l tonight , considering that P e t r a h a d
supposedly b e e n "banned" from t h e h a l l , w a s t h e fact that s h e c ame through
the main entrance close upon the w a i ter ' s hee l s . Not long a fterwards , that
young m a n told me that - a s always - P et r a had dropped in a white tablet
a n d stirred the orange j uice before he brought i t up from the kitche n . Did
Viktor know t h a t ? Funny , really , when we con sider t h a t Korchnoi always
suspected a n energy-giving " drug" was in K a rpov ' s yogurt !
19 • • • c6 20 b4
ft As became known after the game , Karpov w a s none too optimistic about
his pos ition here . But the s imple 20 Qc2 seems enough to me for White to
ca rry on without any ri sk .
Retreating the b i shop along the diagonal f5-b 1 would have left White
with e quality . B l ack ' s pawn maj ority on the queens ide is static , for a dv a n-
cing any one of them wou l d a utomatically e n h a nce t h a t b i shop .
35 Ne3 NfS
P aradoxic ally , despite the doubled pawn s , the rook ending favors B l ack ;
26 Nxf5+ gxf5 36 Rd4 f4 38 g4 R dh8 39 Rxf4 R h l+ 40 Kf2 R8h2+ 4 1 Kg3
Rxe1 42 Kxh2 Rxe5 shows this clearly . P os sibly White should h a ve moved
his knight away to g 4 .
Karpov plays o n h i s opponent ' s t i m e pres sure , b u t t h e l atter finds the
only resource - and a very powerful one , at t h a t .
38 g4 Ng7 39 Nxd4
The intermediate 39 e6 Nxe6 40 N xd4 Kf6 does not alter the character
of the position .
The ending with only one rook each i s even better for B l ack . ft
41 . . . Rxb4 42 Kf2
42 • • • c5 ! ? ( se a l e d move ) 43 d5
ft The endg ame a fter 43 Ke3 c4 holds out no hope for White .
* * * * *
During much of the first s e s s ion ( until t i me t rouble finally kept him a t
t h e table ) , Korchnoi w a s mostly i n v i sible . After e ach move , he di s appeared
into h i s dressing room and left Karpov alone with the arbiters .
P etra , a s mentioned e a r l ie r , violated the b a n a g a i n s t her pre sence ( to
which she h a d acquiesced before the g ame ) and received a severe j awboning
or two from Y a s h a Murey during the action . When Viktor won , howeve r , the
entire Korchnoi Delegation was so delighted t h a t she got away with her
deceit . ( Which undoubtedly w a s , we must say in fairness to P e tr a , prompted
by her devotion to Korchnoi ' s interests - even though her efforts were more
often than not mi sdirected . )
* * * *
194
Game Twenty-Nine 195
usherettes and security men . It also cut down on the in-play roamings of
Luc Claes a n d h i s fellow Bulatao disciple s .
Korchnoi-Karpov
English Opening
1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e6 3 e4
.ft Yet another form of the English , seen here for the first time in postwar
World Championship play . .ft.
Cosmona ut Vitaly Seb as t i a nov , Chairman of the USSR Che ss Federation ,
h a d returned to the P hilippines a n d w a s in the front row . Grandmaster
Evgeny Vasiukov , fre sh from a tournament victory in I nd i a , also j oined the
audience tonight .
3 • • • c5 4 e5 Ng8 5 d4
12 . • • Bb7 13 0-0 c5
This a dvance is the poi n t of Black ' s choice of v a r i ation . His light-
squared bishop is active now , and his opponent must remove his quee n , for a
time , to the edge of the boar d . 14 Qg3 , naturally , would be met by 14 . . .
. Bd6 .
14 Qh3 Be7 15 Bf3 0-0 16 b3 Rfd8 17 Be3 Bc6 18 Na4 Qc7 19 Bxc6
Qxc6 20 Radl Rac8
The c5-p awn requires untiring vigil ance , which in turns means White ' s
position must be rated somewhat prefe r able .
21 Qg3 Bd6
196 Game Twenty-Nine
26 • • • Qxg3 27 hxg3 h5
.
Bl ack forestalls the advance of the g-pawn , which wou ld constrict his
position . Here also , however , he must be very accurate in his defense .
.ft Karpov provokes the advance of the g-pawn . 33 . . . Kd8 was a more
cautious continuatio n , although after the text line White 1 s doubled pawns
could become targets ( this applies especially to the g4 pawn ) . Neverthele s s ,
the activity of White s pieces outweighs this factor .
1
34 g4 hxg4 35 Rh8+
An important zwischenzug .
35 • • • Ke7 36 fxg4
Short of time , Korchnoi was already reaching for his bishop when he
noticed that after 36 Bh4+ f6 37 fxg4 g5 ! , and Black wins a pawn with
38 . . . Ne5 .
36 • • • g5 37 Be3 f6 38 Nc3
i s weaker a n d Black ' s position i s i n no way inferior to White ' s ) . But this
didn ' t appeal to K arpov , a n d he p l ayed something more restra i ned .
White w a n t s to repeat the position after 4 1 ... Kf7 42 Rh7+ Ke8 , and
t h e n c arry o u t whatever p l a n he found at home .
47 Nf2 Bd6?
48 Bc3 Nd7
After 48 Nh7 , White can a l so open the g ame favorably with a contin-
198 Game Twenty-Ni n e
49 gxf5+ exf5
50 g4 !
B l ack c an not t ake the g-pawn now , in view of 51 NeS . And he gets a
b a d endg ame a fter 50 BeS 51 Rxd7 Bxc3 52 gxfS+ Kxf5 53 R d5+ Kf4
54 Nh3+ , so the knight m u s t retre a t .
B lack obt a i n s a very unpleas a n t , but perhaps defe nsible position with
53 . . . Nc8.
Now the rook defends both the g- and the c-paw n s , while the knight
covers the a-uawn from c8 . If B lack manages to b ring the k n i g h t i nto play ,
h i s troubles � i l l be ove r . After lengthy consideration , Korchnoi brings up
h i s l a st reserve s .
60 a4 Kf7?
T he game is dec ided . White ' s b i shop a n d rook deal ea sily with the
Black g-paw n , while the queen s i de pawns will be unstoppable .
70 g4
• • • 71 Rf6+ Ke4 72 Bc7 Rb2+ 73 Kc3 Rb7 74 Bh2 Rh7 75 Bb8
Rb7 76 Bg3 Rbl 77 Rf4+ Ke3 78 Rf8 Ne7 79 a6 and Black resigne d . ( If
79 . . . Nc6 80 a7 N xa7 8 1 B f2+ ! ) T imes used 4 : 54 - 4 : 1 5 . :5:
K a rpov studied the final position for five minute s ; he sat with h i s
shoulders d r a w n up and looked decidedly unhappy t h e whole time . Finally ,
with an involuntary shudde r , he s igned both scoresheets a n d walked quickly
offstage .
An atoly h a d rea son aplenty for concer n ; the l a st two games h a d
reduced h i s l e a d from 5-2 t o 5-4 ( with 20 draws ) .
* * * * *
CS - 0
GAME THIR TY
Tropical Storm Y aning lashed our mountaintop site today , the nine-
teenth such visitor in three mon th s . T o date , w e h a d experienced only four
r a in-free days out of our eighty-eight in B a g u io .
Korchnoi h a d nearly - although not completely - recovered from the
head cold which had afflicted him ( an d discomfited his opponent ? ) throughout
the preceding g ame . An occa siona l cough w a s t h e o n l y lingering symptom .
Karpov-Korchnoi
English Opening
1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 d5
.ft Korchnoi offers to play a Grunfe l d .
3 cxdS NxdS 4 g3
As a rule in such position s , this is the most active square for the
queen . Here it supports queenside opera t ions and i t is a l so p repared to go
to h4 if the occ asion a r i se s .
10 NaS
1 1 d3
200
Game Thirty 201
Now the g ame ' s center of g ravity moves to the king ' s w i n g ; the immed
i ate threat is 14 Ng5 . Black coul d prevent this by playing 1 3 .. . . f6 , but
t h e n t h e d-pawn ' s advance would be stronger . Korchnoi solves the problem
i n the most direct manne r .
P layed with the intention of pushing the d-p awn ; but since this proves
difficult to c arry out , it soon becomes clear that White has lost time . The
immediate 20 Rb2 w a s more preci s e .
The knight h a s spent a long time at the edge of the boa r d ; now Black
decides to resurrect it . A tense struggle flares at once . B l a ck seeks to
a dvance h i s b-pawn , which would grant him s izable plusses on the queen ' s
wing . White ' s p l a n i s to b reak up that pawn c h a i n with a2- a 4 .
2 3 Qd2 !
27 a4 bxa4
28 Bxd7 Rxb2 29 Rxb2 Rxd7 30 Ra2 Kf8 31 Rxa4 Ra7 32 Kfl Ke7
33 Ke1 Kd7 34 Kd2 h5 35 Kc2 Ra8
36 Rf4 Ke6 3 7 h 4 Rb8 3 8 Re4+ Kd7 39 Ra4 Ra8 40 Rf4 Ke6 41 Rc4
Ra7
ft. The g ame w a s adjourned here . Analysis showed t h a t B l ack has suffi-
cient defensive resources . The simplest p l a n is to push his outside p a s s e d
p awn t o a5 and t h e n to set up a k i n g s i d e b a rricade w i t h . . . f7-f5 . So the
following day Karpov - t h rough Grandmaster F i l i p - offered a draw , which
w a s accepted .
Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen s Gambit Declined
1
1 c4 e6
.ft With g ame twenty-nine still -fre s h in his memory , K arpov uses a new
move order and avoi ds the Engli s h .
19 • • • a6 20 Na4 Bf8
203
204 Game T hirty-One
Here , too , 35 e4 w a s not bad. But the plan to constrict Black even
more i s a l s o very uncomfortable .
4S bxc5 Rd8
T aking the k n ight on c3 wou l d" l e a d to a very tough endgame . White ' s
Game T h irty-One 205
rook would go immediately to the b-file , and then White , a fter the proper
prepar ation s , would play d4-d5 . However , the text rook endgame i s also
very dangerous for Black .
46 Nxb5 axb5 47 f5
48 gxf5 Rg8
49 Kc3
49 • • • ReB
50 Rd2
Here , too , B l ack would h a ve had more serious p roblems to face after
50 R a 2 .
50 • • • Re4
59 Kc6
59 Kb8
• • • 60 Rxb3+ Ka7 61 Rb7+ Ka6 62 Rb6+ Ka7 63 Kb5 a4
64 Rxf6 Rf4 65 Rxh6 a3 66 R a6+ Kb8 67 Rxa3 Rxf5 68 Rg3 Rf6 69 Rg8+
Kc7 70 Rg7+ Kc8 71 Rh7 , and Black resigned by signing the scoresheets .
Times used 4 : 10 - 2 : 50 . .ft.
A l ittle more than one hour after the adjou rnment of g ame thi rty-on e , I
went to the P i n e s Hotel . Seated together in the coffee s hop were Viktor
Korchnoi , P e t r a Leeuweri k , Y a s h a Murey , Michael Stean , Dada and D i di .
Happy a n d smiling , they all acted completely unconcerned about this
reentry into the Pines by the previously-excluded Ananda M a r g i i . The pres
ence of Dada a n d Didi , dressed in s affron a n d whi t e , h a d cert ainly captured
the attention of the many j ourn a l i s t s who frequented the adjoining bar and
lounge . I coulnd ' t help b ut won de r , " What happens when Campom a n e s learns
of thi s ? "
I didn ' t h a v e t o w a i t long for a n a n swer , a s Mr . a n d Mrs . Campom a n e s
e n t e r e d the b a r a few moments l ater . Sever a l of the newsp apermen present
directed h i s attention to the tableau i n the coffee shop . A g rim-faced a n d
fuming Campo immediately w e n t se archi ng for R aymond Keene .
Because i t w a s h i s perception t h a t D a da a n d Didi were flaunting them
selves in defiance of a previous a g reement ( they had stayed away from the
P in e s for several week s ) and to the m atch ' s detriment , the Chief Org a n i zer
angrily told Keene that Ananda M a r g i i woul d no longer be permitted at the
v i l l a which h a d been l e a s e d for Korchnoi ' s use . Nor coul d they use offic ial
c a r s hereafter , even i f accompa n i e d by a genuine member of the Korchnoi
Delegation .
R a y w a s ba dly s h a ken by the immediate danger of a d i sruptive con
fron t a t ion . If Dada and D i di were forcibly prevented from returning to the
v i l l a tonigh t , V iktor might become so furious t h a t n e ither analy s i s nor s l eep
would be pos s ible . T h i s coul d e a s i ly spell the d i fference between w i n n ing or
drawing the a dj ourned g ame t h irty-one .
Chief Org a n i zer Campom a n e s w a s so a n g ry that he no longer cared w h a t
h a p p e n e d to Korchnoi . "Whatever t a k e s place , " he s a i d , "Korchnoi and h i s
f r i e n d s have b rought i t upon him . I ' m fed up with t a k i n g shot s from them .
T h i s time , I w i l l t ake my shot at them a n d they can worry about the con
s e quences . " C ampo fel t - and I had to agree - th a t e i ther P e t r a , D a d a a n d
D i di , e v e n Viktor ( or some combi n a t ion o f the four ) h a d chosen t h i s moment
to slap him in the face with the A n a n d a M a r g ii presence because they thought
he wouldn ' t dare react ; not with the score at 5-4 and prob ably soon to be
5-5 . If t h i s w a s a deliberate step by persons in Korchnoi ' s group , they m i s
j udged their man ; Campo i s not one to s t a n d still a n d t ake punishme n t .
Somehow , s k i l l ful diplom a t K e e n e m a n a g e d to delay matters u n t i l the
next day . He prom i s e d to ask the A n a n da M a rg i i to move out of the villa on
207
208 The F i n a l F r a c a s
October 1 4 , 1 9 78
(Origin a l signed)
FLORENCIO CAMPOMANES
* *
The F i n a l F r a c a s 209
October 1 4 , 1 9 78
To : MR . FLORENCIO CAMPOMANES
Chief Orga n izer
* *
Wan a n d t i red-looking , Karpov now deci ded to relieve the pres sure by
taking a timeout . With three free days at h i s disposal , Anatoly a n d several
of his a s soci ates departed for M a n i l a .
K a rpov had hinted a week or two earlier that he w anted to see the
World B a sketb all Championship being p l ayed in M a ni l a . Tonight , he attended
the final game ; Yugoslavia triumphed over the USSR by 82-8 1 , which must
not have done much for h i s morale .
We J ury Members received our first and last letter from Grandmaster
Yuri B ala shov .
1 6 th October 1 9 78
Ma tch Jury, World Chess Championship
On behalf of the World Ch amp ion A n a toly Karpov, I appeal to the Jury
on the following ma tter.
In the World Ch ampion ' s letter of September 1 0 , 1 978 a ddressed to the
Chief A rb iter of the Ma tch , Mr. L . Schmid, as well as in the' letters of the
head of the Soviet Delega tion , V. Baturinsky, of September 3 and 9 , 1 9 78 to
Ma tch Organ izer, Mr. F. Campomanes and in a telegram to the FIDE Presiden t
Dr. Max E u we of Sep tember 1 0 , 1 9 78 , attention h a d been drawn to the a b sol
ute in a dm ittab ility of the a ttachment to the World Chess Champ ionship Ma tch
of the crimina l elements - the "An a n d a Marga " sect 1 s memb ers Steven Dwyer
and Victoria Shepherd - sen tenced by the Phi l ipp ine court in May 1 9 78 to 1 7
years imprisonment for the terroristic assault on an Indian D iplom a t In
Ma nila .
In the b eginn ing of Sep tember 1 9 78 , these person s h a d b een invited by
the Ch a l lenger to Baguio City; they had b een present a t several games in
the Convention Center and had been declared offici a l members of Mr. Korch
noi ' s Delegation by the Ch a llenger ' s Second, Mr. R. Keen e ' s letter of Sep tem
ber 9, 1 9 78 . A lthough, l a ter on , th is s ta tement was fin a lly disa vowed, in
fa c t the terrorists for a long time h a ve b een and still are on the Challen
ger ' s Delega tio n ; they visit th e official premises and m a k e use o f the
transport assigned for the Challenger ' s Delegation by th e Organ izers .
Match Organizer, Mr . Florencio Campomanes a number of times demanded
officially to break off this rel a tion ship and warned in his memoran dum of
Sep tember 13, 1 9 78 of the possible termina tion of the Match for rea sons of
general and person a l security.
However, as it comes out of the Press Conference 1 s ma terial of October
1 4 , 1 9 78, the rela tion ship between the members of the Ch a llenger ' s Delegation
and the criminal elements con tin ues .
The unprecedented in the history of Chess and Sports competitions in
gen era l , the direct or disgu ised involvement of the crim ina ls-terrorists in the
sports con test appears to be a clear man ifesta tion of the irrespect to the
coun try-organ izer; it h a s p urposefully provocative chara cter and a ims a t
producing psychologica l pressure o n h i s riva l , arb iters, members o f the Jury,
and other offic ials.
In his official report of September 12, 1 9 78, and ·in a letter of Septem
ber 13, 1 9 78, the Ch a irman of the Jury, Mr. L im Kok A n n , poin ted out th a t
the "in trusion o f the A n a n da Marga sect 1 s members into chess competition
cre a tes u n b eara b le a tmosphere and may infl u ence the decisions of the Jury".
One may a ssume th a t the u n timely dep a rture of Mr. L im Kok A n n from Bagu io
is in connection with these statemen ts .
The Soviet side considers the Cha llenger 1 s Delega tion rel a tionship with
the crimin a l elements con tra dicts the contents of the joint communique signed
on A ugust 31 , 1 978 by the particip a n ts 1 representa tives , which stressed the
desire to norm a l ize the further course of the m a tch in the in terest of chess
and the spirit of FIDE prin ciples.
In connection with the a b ove sta ted, I kindly a sk to urgently convene a
meeting of Jury for the consideration of the a b ove-mentioned ma tter and for
taking decision regarding the a tmosphere wh ich interferes with the norm a l
course of the con test.
The F i n a l F r a c a s 211
Respectfully yours,
(Origin a l signed)
YURI BALASHO V, IGM
World Champion 1 s Chief Second
TO WHOM IT MA Y CONCERN:
(Original s igned)
RA YMOND D. KEENE
Chief Second to Viktor Korchnoi
Karpov-Korchnoi
P irc Defence
:fr. K a rpov 1 s
opening move prob ably surprised no one . With the score
tie d , he once a g a i n relied upon h i s old and most-trusted weapon .
1 e4 d6
213
214 Game Thirty-Two
would refr a i n from wearing his mirrored eye-g l a s s e s on stage , " Keene s a i d
to the p re s s .
Viktor B a t u rinsky , who j ointly signed t h a t agreement with Keene ,
riposted with : "The Korchnoi Delegation con ducted itself in an ungentlemanly
ma nner when i t continued to a s sociate with the Ananda M a r g a members . lf
Korchnoi w a n t s t o u s e h i s · mirrored g l a s s e s a g a in , he c a n d o so; Zouk h a r
w i l l sit in the fourth row from the stage . "
Really , no one who h a d read B a l ashov ' s 16th October letter to the J ury
should have been surprised by this action , which w a s implicit i n t h a t
letter ' s e i g h t h parag rap h .
L u c Claes s a t directly behind Dr . Zoukha r , n o doubt i n a n attempt to
"bend h i s t r a n s m i s s ions" .
At no time during or after t h i s g ame did Korchnoi give any indication
t h a t he had even been aware of Zoukha r ' s move , let alone bothered by i t .
15 • • • Nd7 16 Qe3
16 • • • Ba8 17 Bh6 b5
With the dark-squared bi shop gone , the b-pawn ' s advance loses much
of its bite .
21 • • • Bb7
P erhaps Black might have secured h i s king by playing ... h7-h6 , now
or l a t e r .
25 e5 !
28 • • • Bc8 2 9 Be2 !
Korchnoi w a s in such dire time trouble that Chief Arbiter Filip stood
where he could count the remaining moves and watch Viktor ' s flag .
.ft I t might seem that Black h a s p artly consolidated the position . If
permitted , h e will lay seige t o the b - a n d c-pawns . But Karpov h a s a very
s t rong continuation at his d i s pos a l .
35 Qh6 !
Black ' s position i s completely hopele s s , even had he more than mere
seconds rema ining on his clock .
38 Ng5 Bd7 39 b4
cs - p
216 Game Thirty-Two
The beginning of the end . White ' s pawns start rolling , wiping out
everything in their path .
39 . • . Qa8 40 bS NaS 41 b6
Five hours of play having el apse d , Karpov wrote down the position on a
sealed move envelope and left the tournament h a l l . Our very short - 1
would almost say festive - analysis showed clearly that this was one game
which need not be played out .
Late next morning , the Challenger - through his Chief Second , Raymond
Keene - made official what was a foregone conclusion at adj ournment . The
following letter w a s distributed to all Match P rincipals .
18 October 1 9 78
I don ' t resume the ]2nd game b u t I am not going to sign the score
sheet of the game beca use it h a s been played u n der a b solu tely illegal con
dition s . I don ' t consider this game valid. The ma tch is not finished. I
reserve the right to comp l a in to the FIDE on the in tolera b le Soviets 1 beh a v
ior, a hostility of the organizers, a l a ck of a ctivity of the arb iters .
(Origina l signed)
V. KORCHNOI
217
218 T h e M a rathon Ends
Very confusing .
* * * *
When I went with the arbiters to witne s s the World Champion ' s signa
ture on the scoresheets of the final g ame , Karpov laughingly s a i d : " It is a
good thing t h a t we have no g ame today . I w a s awakened by the sound of an
airplane at 5 : 00 am and am very t i re d . " But victory and excitement are
rema rk able revit a lizers , and Anatoly g ave an impression of b ring well-re sted
and a lert when he appeared onstage at the Convention Center at 7 : 00 pm for
a formal press conference . The questions c ame at random from the crowd of
j ou r n a l i s t s present . K a rpov handled the g ive and take w i t h as surance and
turned only occ a sion a l l y to interpreter Sta s s i s Obouk aou !l k a s for a little
a s s i st ance w i t h the Eng lish .
Question : What took you so long to win the l a st g ame and wind up the
match , and that only after being beaten three times and drawing once in the
previous four g a m e s ?
Answe r : Every chesspl ayer h a s b a d and good d ay s . When I won t h e
eighth game , my play therea fter w a s a ffected psychologically b e c a u s e I h a d a
lot to lose while M r . Korchnoi h a d nothing to lose from that point onw a r d .
T h e qual ity o f t h e g a m e s from twenty t o twenty-seven w a s c l e a r enough . In
t he twenty-second , for example , I m a de six moves - including the 1 4 t h -
which were poor enough to deny me the wi n .
Q: What do you think about F i scher?
A: I really regret t h a t Mr. F i scher left chess and I wish t h a t he
would come back . Of course , I would like to p l ay a m atch a g a i n s t F i scher .
Q: Would you play F i scher under the s ame condit ion s a s preva iled for
this match? Would you want to play another match under these conditions
( s ix w i n s , draws not count ing ) a g a i n s t Korchnoi or anyone e l s e ?
A: The l a s t match p l ayed under these conditions took p lace about fifty
y e a r s ago between Alekhine and Capablanc a . I can say that the press ure is
rather d i fficult to withstand .
Q: W a s i t the phy s i c a l or the mental pre s s ure t h a t w a s the toughe st ,
or were they both equally rugged?
A: Together they produced the pre s sure .
Q: W h a t h appened to you physically during the match? D id you lose
weight , did you h ave t rouble eating or sleep ing?
A: I n this match I lost l e s s weight than during the 1974 F i n a l Candi
dates iV! atch a g a i nst Korchnoi . I st arted t h a t m atch wei2,hing 104 pounds and
lost 11 of them . Here I have lost b u t 6t pounds . With some exceotion s , I
·
Q: Did you find Viktor Korchnoi a much better pl ayer here t h a n when
you met him i n the 1974 F i n a l C a ndidates M atch ?
A: I think t h a t w a s the best period for M r . Korchnoi ; in this m atch ,
there h a ve been more mistakes on both h i s p a r t and on my p a r t . But I w a n t
to say t h a t this m atch w a s m u c h h a rder t h a n m o s t because o f the l e n g t h of
the games and of the match it s e lf .
Q: Mr . K arpov , may I a s k you a difficult question o n the occa sion o f
your victory? Do you feel any bitterness tow a r d M r . Korchnoi because he did
not speak to you during the match , he defected from your country , a n d even
today he says t h a t he does not recog nize you as the legitimate World Cham
pion?
A: A counter-que s tion . Were you present a t the prematch pre s s con-
ference held by M r . Korchnoi in M a n i l a ?
Q: No.
A: Had y o u been present a t t h a t p re s s conference , you wou l d h a v e
found the a n swer to your question . R i g h t from the beginning , M r . Korchnoi
tried to intensify the situation , the tension . All kinds of outbursts were
directe d , then and later , at me a s Worl d Champion and a t the Soviet Deleg
ation , w h i le I persona lly never allowe d myself any b a d words . Mr . Korchnoi
accused the Soviet authorities of preventing him from winning our 1974 match .
Now , here , it w a s the F i l ipino authorities who p revented him from winning
the match . So the question a r i se s , where c a n a match be played with M r .
Korchnoi?
Q: Can you review your che s s games here and tell u s your best and
your worst game , your best and your worst move?
A: A s to the moves , I couldn t begin to tell you the best and the
1
worst . A s to the g ames , I couldn t a n swer your question very exactly right
1
now . To my regre t , I could point to only three complete g ames . The eighth ,
twenty-seventh , and thirty-second .
Q: What about the fourteenth?
A: Yes , m aybe the fourteenth . Other good g ames were the twenty-
second and twenty-fifth . In the twenty-second , I could have won the game
by a very simple move , but you might say t h a t I lost my way . And , of
course , the elevent h . I lost that one "without touching my fingers" , as we
say in R u s s i a n - very p a ssively .
Q: How do you feel about your performance here as compared with your
other results during the p a st few y e a r s ?
A: I am s a t i s fied with the outcome o f the match , but n o t w i t h the 6-5
score . The score should have been different , and for the time being I don t 1
believe t h a t I can say much about the creativeness of the play here . I may
comment about the creative and technical a spect s of each encounter in a book
on the match - t h a t i s , if I write one . I w a s s a t isfied enough w i th my
games t h rough the twenty-fi fth , but then c ame the awful decline .
Q: What w a s the lowest point you reached psychologically , how did
you bring yourself up from t h a t to win the match , and did you ever seriously
think a t a ny time that you were going to lose i t ?
A: R i g h t from t h e very f i r s t to the very l a st g ame , w a s completely
sure of my ultimate victory . After the thirty-first g ame , the rna tch h a d
developed into a r e a l battle a n d t h e n I m ade up my m i n d to confront m y
r i v a l with t h e con sideration t h a t I w a s playing the white p ieces in t h e
thi rty-second g ame .
Q: Much h a s been s a i d about the Ananda M a r g a people . Did you feel ,
at any time in the match , any inkling t h a t they were affecting you?
A: I don t know that any human beings can affect the game s , the
1
match , but when persons who fall into the c ategory of terrori s t s or crim i n a l s
a r e invited i n t o t h e h a l l , o n e should not feel fine about that .
Q: W a s it nece s s a ry , in your opinion , t h a t these two persons be
removed from B aguio City to M anila?
A: With them present , one could not be sure but that the atmosphere
The M a rathon Ends 221
Oc tober 1 9 , 1 9 78
To the depu ty arb iter, Dr. Miroslav Filip
World Chess Champ ionship Match 1 9 78
With copies to Prof. Max E u we , FIDE Presiden t
and Florencio Camp omanes, Match Organ izer
(Origina l signed)
VIKTOR KORCHNOI
A1.l but one member of the Challenger ' s Official Deleg a tion departed
with him ; Raymond Keene remained for the Closing Ceremony , authorized by
Korchnoi to accept the check for his sh are of the record purse .
Saturday , 2 1 st October
P eofes sor Lim Kok Ann , Chairman of the Match J ury , forw arded its con
cluding reports to F I D E P r e s i dent Euwe . I n h i s cover letter to Dr . Euwe ,
P rofe s sor Lim ( in connection with a J ury decision made on 6th August ) wrote :
" I a s k F I D E P re sident to reque s t Rules Commission to formulate a regulation
that will allow a player to exclude from the audience anyone whose p re sence
mentally or p sychologically affec t s the p l ayer ' s ability to play his best .
The Rules Commission should also draft rule ( s ) t h a t woul d prevent a p l ayer
from receiving a s s i st ance during the g ame by means of p a r ap sychological or
supernatural agencie s . "
* *
* * * *
F rom the Buenos Aires minutes of the General A ssembly , supreme govern
ing body of F I D E .
224
F ide Follow-On 225
wh ole game;
The Bureau u n a n imou sly came to the con c l u sion th a t during the ]2nd
game both the Ma tch Regula tion s and the Rules of Play of FIDE were respec
ted and fully enforced.
( b ) The World Chess Champion ship Ma tch between Karpov and Korchnoi
in Baguio 1 9 78 "'a s prepared and orga n ized in a thoroughly excellent manner
by the Chess Federation of th e Ph ilippine Republic.
A fter a p a in s ta king exam in a tion, the FIDE Bureau confirms th a t the
Jury and the Panel of Arb iters a lso fulfilled their du ties in a n objective and
effective fa sh ion .
Under these circumstances, we m u s t condemn premeditated a c tions a n d
omissions o n th e part o f t h e Cha llenger within t h e framework o f t h e World
Chess Champion ship which did not conform to the sporting ethics of chess and
general social obliga tion s and which also damaged the dignity and prestige
of FIDE .
The FIDE Bure a u regrets the Ch a llenger 1 s a ttitude and severely a dmon
ishes Mr. Korch noi to condu c t h imself in a correct manner in all future chess
ma tches .
Foreca st
227
Ta ble of Resu lts
Game N umber
8 11 13 14 17 21 27 28 29 31 32 Totals
K arpov 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 6-5
Korchnoi 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 5-6
229
Glossa ry of Abbrevia tions and Terms
Z ugzwang When the p l ayer on the move does not h ave a good one .
231
Genera l Index
233
234 General I ndex
M alchev , Andrei 6, 60 , 80 , 1 19 , 1 28 , 2 1 7
M a rcos , P re si dent Ferdinand 13, 15, 1 6 , 34 , 54 , 78
Murey , Y akob 5, 35 , 53 , 93 , 95 , 1 0 1 , 108 , 109 , 123 , 125 , 1 27 , 130 , 187 ,
188 , 189 . 193 , 207
N ational Anthems 12 , 1 5 , 34 , 69
P anno , Oscar 95 , 99 , 123 , 125 , 153 , 175 , 186 , 187 , 2 1 3
P ines Hotel 10 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 40 , 6 5 , 66 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 98 , 106 , 109 , 144 , 1 26
127 , 132 , 1 4 1 , 153 , 159 , 161 , 166 , 1 7 4 , 180 , 188 , 207 , 208 , 2 1 7 , 2 18
Roshal , Alexander 7 , 3 1 , 65 , 68 , 6 9 , 1 5 9 , 170
Schmi d , Lothar 4, 12 , 13, 1 4 , 15, 1 6 , 1 7 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 3 1 , 34 , 36 ,
37 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 47 , 4 9 , 53 , 55 , 62 , 67 , 70 , 72 . 76 , 83 , 88 , 90 , 9 1 , 93 ,
94 , 98 , 99 , 10 1 , 104 , 107 , 1 10 , 1 1 2 , 1 1 4 , 1 1 5 , 124 , 1 26 , 1 27 , 13 4 , 1 54 ,
156 . 162 , 173 , 1 7 5 . 1 82 , 186 , 187 , 2 1 1 , 225
Sebastianov , Vitaly 16 , 35 , 195 , 203 , 225
Shepher d , Victoria - See Didi
Staring ( by K arpov ) 23 , 42 , 50 , 73 , 155
'
Ste an , Michael 5, 27 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 53 , 54 , 66 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 1 0 1 , 1 23 , 1 25 ,
127 , 130 , 1 3 1 , 1 4 1 , 150 , 170 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 192 , 1 94 , 197 , 207 , 2 18
Swiveling ( by Karpov ) 104 , 1 10 , 1 1 2 , 1 1 4 , 1 18 , 155 , 162 , 165 , 2 1 9
T a l , Mikhail 5 , 36 , 62 , 6 9 , 76 , 1 4 1 , 170 , 192
Terraces P laza 10 , 34 , 40 , 66 , 67 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 109 , 1 1 4 , 1 23 , 124 , 126 , 132 ,
165 , 170 , 174 . 175 , 180 , 1 93 , 199 , 2 1 7
Yogurt 22 , 24 , 27 , 3 1 , 32 , 3 4 , 35 , 38 , 48 , 6 9 , 82 , 1 49 , 1 90 , 197 , 2 1 9
Zoukha r , D r . Vladimir 7 , 3 1 , 3 7 , 40 , 4 1 , 42 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 54 , 57 , 62 , 68 ,
6 9 , 72 , 83 , 76 , 87 , 88 , 93 , 95 . 99 , 100 , 10 1 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 109 ,
1 1 2 , 1 1 8 , 199 , 1 2 1 , 125 , 128 , 1 29 , 130 , 134 , 137 . 1 3 9 . 1 4 1 , 145 , 146 ,
148 , 154 , 159 , 168 , 1 99 . 2 1 3 , 2 1 8 , 2 1 9 , 225