DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts

Nuts & Bolts Nuts & Bolts

Nut

Bolt

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Nuts & Bolts

Bolts and nuts are used to fasten parts together in the various areas of vehicles.
There are various types of bolts and nuts according to their applications. It is important to
know them in order to correctly perform maintenance service.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Specification of Nuts & Bolts Names of Each Part

Screw thread pitch-the

distance a point on the Basic major
thread to the diameter
corresponding point on (nominal
the next thread. diameter) of
Width across corners thread

Thread length

Nominal length
Width across flats Height of the head

Width across corners

Height of the nuts

Width across flats

Service Hint:
How to tighten bolt.
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Names of Each Part

Bolts have different names to identify their sizes and strengths.
Bolts used in vehicles are selected according to the strengths and sizes that are required
for the respective areas.

Therefore, knowing the names of the bolts is one of the basic in operating maintenance.

Names of Bolts
Example: M 8 x 1.25 - 4T

M: Type of threads.
"M" stands for metric threads. Other types of threads are: "S" for small threads, and
"UNC" for unified coarse threads.

8: Outer diameter of the bolt.

In the diagram, this is represented by 7

1.25: Thread pitch.(mm)

In the diagram, this is represented by 8

4T: Strength.
The number indicates 1/10 of the minimum tensile strength in units of kgf/mm2, and the
letter stands for "tensile strength". The strength is stamped on the bolt head.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Specification of Nuts & Bolts Types of Bolts

U-Bolt Stud bolt

Service Hint:
Method to remove and replace
the stud bolt
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Types of Bolts
A Hexagonal head bolt
This is the most common type of bolt. Some have a flange or a washer under the bolt
head.
Flange type:
The portion of the bolt head that comes in contact with a part has a wide surface to
dampen the contact pressure that the bolt head exerts against the part. Thus, it is
effective in minimizing the possibility of damaging the part.
Washer type:
Its effectiveness is similar to the flange type. It is also effective when used to fasten a part
that has a hole with a wider diameter than the bolt head.
This type uses a spring washer between the bolt head and the washer to minimize the
loosening of the bolt.

B U-bolt
These bolts are used for joining the leaf springs to the axle. They are called "U-bolts"
because their shape resembles the letter "U".

C Stud bolt
These bolts are used for locating a part against another part, or for facilitating their
assembly.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Specification of Nuts & Bolts Plastic Region Bolts

Plastic region bolt

Plastic region bolt

Bearing cap
Cylinder head subassembly

Service Hint:
How to use the plastic region bolt
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Plastic Region Bolts

Plastic region bolts, which offer enhanced axial tension and stability, are used as the
cylinder head bolts and bearing cap bolts on some engines.
The bolt head features to have dodecagon (outside and inside).

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Specification of Nuts & Bolts Types of Nuts

Hexagonal nut

Capped
nut

Castle nut
(fluted nut)

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Types of Nuts
A Hexagonal nut
This type of nut is the most commonly used. Some of them have a flange below the nut.

B Capped nut
These are used as hub nuts of aluminum wheel, and they have a cap that covers their
threads.
They are used for preventing the ends of the bolts from rusting or for aesthetic purposes.

C Castle nut (fluted nut)

These have grooves or a grooved cylinder. To prevent the nut from turning and coming
loose, a cotter pin is inserted in the grooves.

These nuts are used at various joints, such as in the steering system.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Specification of Nuts & Bolts Locking Methods

Lock nuts

Washers

Spring washer
&
waved washer

Toothed
washer

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Locking Methods
A Lock nuts
Lock nuts have screw threads that are deformed, or, after they are tightened in place,
their screw threads become deformed to prevent the nuts from loosening. They are
commonly used with the power train components of an automobile.

B Washers
Washers are generally classified into two types by their locking method.
1 Spring washer & waved washer
The spring force of the washer minimizes the loosening of the bolt or nut.
2 Toothed washer
This washer has a toothed surface on one side that provides friction to minimize the
loosening of the bolt or nut.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Specification of Nuts & Bolts Locking Methods

Cotter pin
Castle nut

Locking
plates

Precautions of using the cotter pin

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Locking Methods
C Cotter pin
Cotter pins are used in combination with castle nuts to achieve their locking function.
They are primarily used with the steering components of an automobile.

D Locking plates
The tabs of a locking plate are placed against a bolt or nut to prevent the fastener from
becoming loose. The diagram shows a locking plate that is used on the differential of a
vehicle. A lock plate cannot be re-used.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Heading Care of Nuts and Bolts How to Tighten Bolt

Necessity of specified torque

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How to Tighten Bolt

Bolt tightening method
Bolts are tightened with a torque wrench to the specified torque indicated in the repair
manual.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Heading Care of Nuts and Bolts How to Tighten Bolt

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How to Tighten Bolt

Bolt tightening method
Bolts are tightened with a torque wrench to the specified torque indicated in the repair
manual.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Heading Care of Nuts and Bolts How to Tighten Bolt

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How to Tighten Bolt

Learning the "feel" of tightening torque

1. Using a torque wrench, tighten a bolt or nut to 15 N·m (150 kgf ·cm).
2. Using a boxend (or offset) wrench, retighten it in a similar manner.
3. Repeat this many times until you learn the "feel" of using a boxend (or offset) wrench to
achieve the same torque as with the torque wrench.

HINT:
To experience the feel of stripping the threads of a bolt, turn the bolt and damage its
threads by applying as much force as possible.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Method to Remove and
Heading Care of Nuts and Bolts
Replace the Stud Bolt

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Method to Remove and Replace the Stud Bolt

To tighten a stud bolt, fit two nuts to the stud bolt and tighten them together. Then, turn
the nuts to tighten or loosen the stud bolt. This technique is called a "double nut".

With this technique, tightening and locking the two nuts against each other enables the
nuts to perform the function of the bolt head of an ordinary bolt.
•To install the stud bolt, turn the top nut in the tightening direction.
•To remove the stud bolt, turn the bottom nut in the loosening direction.

HINT:
A tool that is designed exclusively for removing and reinstalling a stud bolt is also
available.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Heading Care of Nuts and Bolts How to Use the Plastic Region Bolt

Put the paint

Tighten the plastic
mark at the top
region bolt by the
of bolt.
prescribed torque.

Tighten,
following the
repair manual

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How to Use the Plastic Region Bolt

Method for tightening plastic region bolts
The method for tightening a plastic region bolt is different from tightening an ordinary bolt.
1 Tighten the plastic region bolt by the prescribed torque.
2 Put the paint mark at the top of bolt.
3 Tighten, following the repair manual
To tighten Plastic region bolts, it is necessary to follow the instructions in the repair
manual because there are two types of tightening methods for the plastic region bolts.
•Method in which the bolt is first tightened to the specified torque, and then only an
additional 90º.
•Method in which the bolt is first tightened to the specified torque, and then an additional
two movements of 90º each, with a total tightening of 180º.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Heading Care of Nuts and Bolts How to Use the Plastic Region Bolt

Measure the constriction of the bolt

Measure the
extension of the bolt

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How to Use the Plastic Region Bolt

Decision to re- use the plastic region bolt
The plastic region bolt transforms itself by axis power. The decisions to re- use the
removed plastic region bolt are two methods:
A Measure the constriction of the bolt
The method to measure the external form at the position where constricts the most by the
vernier caliper and decide by the limit value.

Examples of limit values

Standard diameter:
7.3 - 7.5mm
(0.287 - 0.295 in.)
Minimum diameter:
7.3mm (0.287 in.)
If the measurement result is less than 7.3mm (0.287 in.), the bolt must be replaced.
B Measure the extension of the bolt
The method to decide by the extension of the bolt.

Examples of limit values

Standard bolt length :
142.8-144.2mm
(5.622 - 5.677 in.)
Maximun bolt length :
147.1mm(5.791 in.)
In this case, the replacement of the bolt is needed when the measurement result is
147.1mm (5.791 in.) above.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Heading Care of Nuts and Bolts How to Use the Plastic Region Bolt

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How to Use the Plastic Region Bolt

Plastic region tightening method
Tighten the bolt beyond the elastic region, where increases in proportion to the axial
tension and the rotational angle of the bolt. (Diagram B) Then clamp at the plastic region,
where only the rotational angle of the bolt changes and the axial tension of the bolt
remain unchanged. This tightening method lowers unevenness of the axial tension
against that of the rotational angle of the bolt, and increases the stable axial tension of the
bolt as indicated in the diagram A.

Plasticity
The property of a substance to change its form in response to an external force, without
recovering its original form when the force is released. This is in contrast to elasticity, the
property that enables a substance to recover its original form. The application of a force
that exceeds the elasticity limit results in plasticity deformation.

Elasticity
The property of a substance to change its form in response to an external force and
recover its original form when the force is released. If the substance no longer recovers
its original form because a force that exceeds a certain threshold is applied to it, that
threshold is called the elasticity limit. The application of a force that is smaller than the
elasticity limit results in elastic deformation.

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Specification of Nuts & Bolts Locking Methods

Locking Methods

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DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts

Question-1

Mark each of the following statements True or False:

Refer to
No. Question True or False
page

1 U-bolts are primarily used for joining the leaf springs True False
to the axles.

2 A capped nut establishes a locking mechanism when True False

paired with a cotter pin.

3 A castle nut establishes a locking mechanism by True False

itself.

4 Once a cotter pin is used, it cannot be reused. True False

5 Once a plastic region bolt is used, it cannot be True False

reused.

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DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts

Question-2

Which one of the following statements about bolts is

true?

While there are various types of bolts, all bolts of a given type have the same
1
strength.

The strength of a bolt is determined by its color.

2

The strength of a bolt can be determined by the number or mark that is

3
stamped on it.

A bolt will not break off unless an air tool is used.

4

Refer to page

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DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts

Question-3

Select the component that is used plastic region bolt at

3SZ-VE engine.

1 2 3 4

Refer to page

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DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts

Question-4

The following statements pertain to the nominal values

of a bolt. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.

M10 x 1.25 - 11T

M: Represents [1] 1 a b c d e f

10: Represents [2] 2 a b c d e f

1.25: Represents [3] 3 a b c d e f

11T: Represents [4] 4 a b c d e f

a. bolt diameter
Click answer
b. bolt height
c. thread type
d. bolt length
e. pitch
f. strength Refer to page

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DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts

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DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts

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 DAIHATSU Technician >> Nuts and Bolts
Specification of Nuts & Bolts Names of Each Part

Screw thread pitch-the

distance a point on the Basic major
thread to the diameter
corresponding point on (nominal
the next thread. diameter) of
Width across corners thread

Thread length

Nominal length
Width across flats Height of the head

Width across corners

Height of the nuts

Width across flats

Service Hint:
How to tighten bolt.
(1/1)
Return to previous page

Names of Each Part

Bolts have different names to identify their sizes and strengths.
Bolts used in vehicles are selected according to the strengths and sizes that are required
for the respective areas.

Therefore, knowing the names of the bolts is one of the basic in operating maintenance.

Names of Bolts
Example: M 8 x 1.25 - 4T

M: Type of threads.
"M" stands for metric threads. Other types of threads are: "S" for small threads, and
"UNC" for unified coarse threads.

8: Outer diameter of the bolt.

In the diagram, this is represented by 7

1.25: Thread pitch.(mm)

In the diagram, this is represented by 8

4T: Strength.
The number indicates 1/10 of the minimum tensile strength in units of kgf/mm2, and the
letter stands for "tensile strength". The strength is stamped on the bolt head.