Chapter 6

An Overview of Transceiver Systems

February 22, 2008

6.1 Building Blocks

b[n] bit/ transmit

coder symbol filter, pT (t)
Modulator

interference form
noise other users

Channel, c(t) ⊕ ⊕

sampler
LNA/ receive/matched slicer/ b̂[n]
Demodulator Equalizer
AGC filter, pR (t) decoder

Carrier Timing
recovery recovery
6.2 MATLAB Simulation of Digital Transmission
Systems

I Provide a deeper understanding of the subject.

6.2 MATLAB Simulation of Digital Transmission
Systems

I Provide a deeper understanding of the subject.

I Many times analysis are hard or can be performed with

certain approximations.
6.2 MATLAB Simulation of Digital Transmission
Systems

I Provide a deeper understanding of the subject.

I Many times analysis are hard or can be performed with

certain approximations.
Simulations provide a way of confirming theoretical results
(how valid were the approximations).
6.2 MATLAB Simulation of Digital Transmission
Systems

I Provide a deeper understanding of the subject.

I Many times analysis are hard or can be performed with

certain approximations.
Simulations provide a way of confirming theoretical results
(how valid were the approximations).

I In the context of software radios, developed programs

directly translate to the target system.
6.3 Baseband PAM transceiver
MATLAB Script pamtxrx.m: Baseband PAM Transceiver
%
% PARAMETERS
Tb=0.0001; L=100; Ts=Tb/L; alpha=0.5; K=8; sigmav=0; c=1;
%
% SOURCE
b=sign(randn(1000,1));
%
% CODER
s=b; % 2-level PAM
% s=b(1:2:end)+2*b(2:2:end); % 4-level PAM
%
% TRANSMIT FILTERING / PULSE SHAPING
pT=sr cos p(K*L,L,alpha); % Transmit filter (square-raised cosine filter)
xT=conv(expander(s,L),pT); % Transmit signal
%
% CHANNEL
xR=conv(c,xT); % Transmit the signal through the channel
xR=xR+sigmav*randn(size(xR)); % Add noise
%
% RECEIVE FILTERING
pR=pT;
y=conv(x,pR);
%
% DISPLAY
% Here, the eye pattern of the received PAM signal is displayed.
y=reshape(y,2*L,length(y)/(2*L)); % Reshape the received signal
% vector to columns of duration 2Tb.
y=y(:,8:end-8); % Delete the transient parts.
t=[0:1/L:2-1/L]; % Time in unit of symbol period.
plot(t,y,’b’)
xlabel(’t/Tb’)
title(’PAM eye-pattern’)
6.4 Eye Patterns in PAM Systems

Run MATLAB Script pamtxrx.m

6.5 QAM Transceiver
MATLAB Script qamtxrx.m: QAM Transceiver
% PARAMETERS
Tb=0.0001; L=100; Ts=Tb/L; fc=100000; Dfc=0; phic=0;
alpha=0.5; K=8; sigmav=0; c=1;
% SOURCE
b=sign(randn(1000,1));
% CODER
s=b(1:2:end)+i*b(2:2:end); % Binary to 4-QAM (QPSK) conversion
% TRANSMIT FILTERING
pT=sr cos p(K*L,L,alpha); % Transmit filter (square-root raised-cosine)
xbbT=conv(expander(s,L),pT); % Transmit signal
%
% MODULATION
t=[0:length(xbbT)-1]’*Ts; % Set the time
xT=real(exp(i*2*pi*fc*t).*xbbT);
%
% CHANNEL
xR=conv(c,xT); % Transmit the signal through the channel
xR=xR+sigmav*randn(size(xR)) ; % Add noise
%
% DEMODULATION
t=[0:length(xbbT)-1]’*Ts; % Set the time
xbbR=2*exp(-i*(2*pi*(fc-Dfc)*t+phic).*xR;
%
% RECEIVE FILTERING
pR=pT;
y=conv(xbbR,pR);
%
% DISPLAY
% Here, the eye pattern of the received QAM signal is displayed.
plot(t,y,’b’)
xlabel(’real part’)
ylabel(’imaginary part’)
6.6 Eye Patterns in QAM Systems

Run MATLAB Script qamtxrx.m

6.7 The Impact of Frequency Offset on the Baseband
Equivalent of Passband Channels

e j2 πfc t
!
∞
xQAM (t) !
xQAM (t) y(t)
s(t) = s[n]δ(t − nTb ) pT (t) ⊗ ![·] c(t) ⊗ pR (t)
n=−∞

Channel