Companion Guide to the

ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

Criteria and Commentary on Select Aspects of the
Boiler & Pressure Vessel and Piping Codes
Third Edition

VOLUME 3

EDITOR
K. R. RAO
© 2009 by ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA (www.asme.org)

ISBN 978-0-7918-0271-7

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The Library of Congress has cataloged the previous edition as follows:

Companion guide to the ASME boiler & pressure vessel code/editor,

K. R. Rao. — 2nd ed
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN 0-7918-0218-3 (v. 1) — ISBN 0-7918-0219-1 (v. 2) — ISBN 0-7918-0220-5 (v. 3)
1. Steam-boilers—Standards. 2. Pressure vessels—Standards. I. Rao, K. R., 1933–

TJ289.R36 2006
621.1 83021873–dc22
2005032521

Cover photos:
Volumes 1 & 2: Cover designer: Paul Moran
Paul Nehrenz, photographer; Courtesy of Entergy Corporation:
Volume 1: Ninemile Point; Volume 2: Waterford Nuclear Plant
Volume 3: Cover designer: Rorshach Design.
Background image: Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station, Courtesy of Tokyo Electric Power Company, Japan. Foreground image: UK
Slugcatcher Vessel Complex, Courtesy of Whessoe Oil and Gas Ltd, Darlington, UK, Top left: Pt. Lepreau plant Provided by NB Power Nuclear,
Canada. Bottom left: Column Pressure Vessel (10 bar), Courtesy of Richard Ducros Corporation, France.
 DEDICATION TO THE FIRST EDITION
THIS MONUMENTAL EFFORT IS DEDICATED TO THE
ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING DIVISION AND
TO TWO SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTORS TO THE DEVEL-
OPMENT OF THE DESIGN-BY-ANALYSIS CON-STRUCTION
RULES IN THE MODERN ASME CODE.
This two-volume compendium dedication is not the first recog-
nition of the achievements of Bernard F. Langer and William E.
Cooper. The Bernard F. Langer Nuclear Codes and Standards
Award, established in 1977, provides a posthumous and lasting
tribute to one of these contributors, an intellectual giant who was
instrumental in providing the leadership and statesmanship that
was essential to the creation of construction rules for nuclear ves-
sels and related equipment. William E. Cooper, the first recipient
of the Bernard F. Langer Nuclear Codes and Standards Award, is
another intellectual giant instrumental in the creation of the mod-
ern ASME Code. In addition, Dr. Cooper acted in a number of
ASME Codes and Standards leadership positions. It was my plea-
sure to join many of my colleagues in April 2001 for the presenta-
tion to Dr. Cooper of the ASME President's Award from the 120th
President of ASME International, William A. Weiblen. That most
prestigious award recognized a lifetime of achievement in ASME
and, in particular, in ASME Code activities.
Bernie Langer and Bill Cooper were essential in both the devel-
opment of the modern ASME Code and in the creation of the
forums for technical information exchange that support the Code
rules. The publication of these two volumes by ASME Interna-
tional is a legacy of that duality. These volumes continue a long
and productive relationship between the development of the mod-
ern ASME Code and the technical exchanges on pressure vessel
and piping technology sponsored by the ASME Pressure Vessels
and Piping Technical Division. This process of technical informa-
tion exchange, through conference paper and panel presentations,
and through refereed paper publication, is an essential step in the
reduction to standard practice, standard practice that is eventually
embodied in the rules of the ASME Code. Information exchange
at technical conferences and in technical publications goes hand
in hand with the deliberations of ASME Code bodies.
This relationship goes back to the pivotal events leading up to
the development of the modern ASME Code — the appointment
of the Special Committee to Review Code Stress Basis in the late
1950s. The principles formulated by that group became the basis
for Section III and Section VIII, Division 2 (design by analysis)
of the Code. These basic principles were published by ASME in
1968 under the title “Criteria of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code for Design by Analysis in Sections III and VIII,
Division 2.” At the same time that the work of the Special
Committee to Review Code Stress Basis was nearing fruition,
leaders in the field of pressure vessel design, including Bernie
Langer and Bill Cooper, recognized that an improved forum for
fundamental technical information exchange was needed. The
need eventually led to the formation of an ASME technical divi-
sion, the Pressure Vessel and Piping (PVP) Division, in 1966.
Many of us who became involved in the PVP Division in the
early years were drafted by the leaders in the field to help pre-
pare a compendium of the technical information on pressure ves-
sel and piping technology. The Decade of Progress volumes, as
they were known then, were published by ASME in the early
1970s, covering the most significant contributions to pressure
vessel and piping design and analysis; materials and fabrication;
and operations, applications, and components. The Decade of
Progress volumes should be considered the antecedents of these
two volumes. Both sets of volumes should be considered as inte-
gral parts of the technical literature supporting the Code and the
Criteria document.
The PVP Division has acted with great vigor over the years to
continue to provide the technical forums needed to support
improvements in the modern ASME Code. This year marks the
Division's 35th anniversary. When I first became involved in PVP
Division activities, the second year had just been completed, with
Vito Salerno as the second Chair of the Division Executive Com-
mittee. Dana Young had been the first Chair, during 1966–1967,
and Gunther Eschenbrenner was ready to become the third Chair,
for the 1968–1969 year. Planning was well underway for the first
International Conference on Pressure Vessel Technology
(ICPVT), scheduled for Delft, the Netherlands, in the following
year. The plan was to hold such an international conference every
four years, with the Secretariat rotating between Europe (1969),
the United States (San Antonio, 1973), and Asia (Tokyo, 1977).
Nine of these international conferences have now been held, the
most recent in Sydney, Australia, in April 2000.
At the same time, initial planning for the First U.S. National
Congress on Pressure Vessels and Piping, to be held every four
years in the United States, was also underway. It was my privilege
to be the Technical Program Chair for the Second U.S. National
Congress on PVP in 1975 in San Francisco, and the Conference
Chair for the Third U.S. National Congress on PVP in 1979, also
in San Francisco. In addition, the activity within the PVP Divi-
sion was such that we cosponsored ASME technical conferences
with the Materials Division, the Nuclear Engineering Division,
and the Petroleum Division in alternate years. This has since led
to the annual PVP Conference, the most recent being PVP 2001
in Atlanta, Georgia, in July 2001.
The paper flow from the technical conferences and the network
of contributors for the Decade of Progress volumes eventually led
to the creation of the ASME Transactions Journal of Pressure
Vessel Technology in late 1973, only seven years after formation
of the Pressure Vessel and Piping Technical Division. Dr. Irwin
Berman was its first Senior Technical Editor, with two Technical
Editors representing the PVP Division and the Petroleum Divi-
sion. Once again, I consider it a privilege to have been selected as
iv • Dedication
the Technical Editor for the PVP Division, later becoming the
Senior Technical Editor in 1978. The Journal and the technical
conferences have provided robust mechanisms for the needed
technical information exchange.
But ASME Code rules and the associated technical information
exchange is not enough. In one of the very early issues (Novem-
ber 1974) of the Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, two arti-
cles were published on the duty and responsibility of engineers
and their engineering societies to address public concerns about
the safety and reliability of power plants. One, by Bernie Langer,
was titled “The Role of the Engineering Societies in Obtaining
Public Acceptance of Power Plants.” The other, by Bill Cooper,
was titled “Nuclear — Pressure Vessels and Piping — Materials:
Where to Next.” Both articles clearly identified the additional
commitment that we all share to bring sound information to the
attention of the general public and to policymakers in federal,
state, and local jurisdictions. In the almost three decades since the
publication of those two articles, this commitment has been
extended, as the reach of ASME International, the ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code, and the PVP Division covers the entire
world. We owe a debt of gratitude to these two giants, and these
two volumes represent a “down payment” on that debt.
Robert E. Nickell, Ph.D. William E. Cooper, Ph.D, P.E.
1999–2000 President
ASME International
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE FIRST
EDITION
The editor is indebted to several individuals and organiza-
tions in the preparation of this two-volume book. Some of them
are identified for their assistance in completion of this effort.
My thanks are to all of the thirty-nine contributors whose dedi-
cated efforts made this possible by their singular attention to
detail, even while they succinctly conveyed the voluminous
information.
I wish to thank Dr. Jack Ware, Pressure Vessels and Piping
Division who suggested this effort. My thanks are in particular to
Martin D. Bernstein who had from the start of this project been
my inspiration to rally around during several ups and downs. I
also thank Dr. Robert E. Nickell for his encouragement to see the
end of the tunnel.
This effort would not have been possible but for the encourage-
ment and support provided by my employer, Entergy Operations
Inc., and in particular by Frederick W. Titus, William R.
Campbell, John R. Hamilton, Willis F. Mashburn, Raymond
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE SECOND
EDITION
This second edition following the success of the first edition
has an enlarged scope including the addition of a third volume.
This warranted the addition of several contributors who are all
experts in their respective specialties. The editor appreciates their
contributions, as well as the continued support of the contributors
from the first edition.
S. Lewis, Jaishanker S. Brihmadesam, Brian C. Gray, and Paul
H. Nehrenz.
My special thanks to Professor Dr. Robert T. Norman,
University of Pittsburgh, for the untiring pains he had taken in
training me to undertake efforts such as these — from their very
initiation to their logical conclusion.
This unique two-volume publication, which Dr. Frederick
Moody aptly called a “monumental effort,” would have never
taken off had it not been for the vision and sustained support pro-
vided by the staff of ASME Technical Publishing. My thanks to
them for their support.
Finally, all of this saga-type effort, spread over three years, would
have never been possible had it not been for the constant encourage-
ment and untiring support provided by my wife, Dr. Indira Rao, that
included all of the sundry chores associated with this project. In
addition, I wish to thank other members of my family, Uma and
Sunder Sashti, and Dr. Ishu V. Rao, for their zealous support.
Editor intends to once again thank Entergy Operations for their
continued support. Thanks are especially due to Dr. Indira Rao
whose support in several capacities made this voluminous effort
possible. My thanks are to the staff of ASME publishing for their
continued zeal and support.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE THIRD
EDITION
This third edition follows the unprecedented success of the pre-
vious two editions.
As mentioned in the first edition, this effort was initiated with
the ‘end user’ in mind. Several individuals and a few organiza-
tions had provided support ever since this effort started.
In the second edition the success of the first edition was
enlarged in scope with the addition of a third volume, with
experts in their respective specialties to contribute chapters they
authored.
In response to the changing priorities of Boiler and Pressure
Vessel (B&PV) industry and global use of ASME B&PV Codes
and Standards the scope and extent of this edition has increased.
The result of the current effort is in a 2,550 page book spread in
three volumes.
The editor pays homage to the authors Yasuhide Asada, Martin
D. Bernstein, Toshiki Karasawa, Douglas B. Nickerson and
Robert F. Sammataro who passed away and whose expertise
enriched the chapters they authored in the previous editions.
This comprehensive Companion Guide with multiple editions
spanning over several years has several authors contributing to this
effort. The editor thanks authors who had contributed to the previ-
ous editions but did not participate in the current edition and they
are Tom Ahl, Domenic A. Canonico, Arthur E. Deardorff, Guy H.
Deboo, Jeffrey A. Gorman, Harold C. Graber, John Hechmer,
Stephen Hunt, Yoshinori Kajimura, Pao-Tsin Kuo, M. A. Malek,
Robert J. Masterson, Urey R. Miller, Kamran Mokhtarian, Dennis
Rahoi, Frederick A. Simonen, John D. Stevenson, Stephen V.
Voorhees, John I. Woodworth and Lloyd W. Yoder.
The editor appreciates the effort of the continuing contributors
from the previous editions, who had a remarkable influence on
shaping this mammoth effort, few of them from the very begin-
ning to this stage. The editor gratefully acknowledges the follow-
ing authors Kenneth Balkey, Warren Bamford, Uma
Bandyopadhyay, Jon E. Batey, Charles Becht IV (Chuck), Sidney
A. Bernsen, Alain Bonnefoy, Marcus N. Bressler, Marvin L.
Carpenter, Edmund W. K. Chang, Kenneth C. Chang, Peter
Conlisk, Joel G. Feldstein, Richard E. Gimple, Jean-Marie
Grandemange, Timothy J. Greisbach, Ronald S. Hafner, Geoffrey
M. Halley, Peter J. Hanmore, Owen F. Hedden, Greg L.
Hollinger, Robert I. Jetter, Guido G. Karcher, William J. Koves,
John T. Land, Donald F. Landers, Hardayal S. Mehta, Richard A.
Moen, Frederick J. Moody, Alan Murray, David N. Nash, W. J.
O’Donnell, David E. Olson, Frances Osweiller, Thomas P. Pastor,
Gerard Perraudin, Bernard Pitrou, Mahendra D. Rana, Douglas K.
Rodgers, Sampath Ranganath, Roger F. Reedy, Wolf Reinhardt,
Peter C. Riccardella, Everett C. Rodabaugh, Robert J. Sims Jr.,
James E. Staffiera, Stanley Staniszewski, Richard W. Swayne
(Rick), Anibal L.Taboas, Elmar Upitis and Nicholas C. Van Den
Brekel.
Similarly the editor thanks the contribution of authors who
joined this effort in this third edition. Sincerity and dedication of
the authors who joined in this effort is evident from two instances
— in one case, a contributor hastened to complete his manuscript
before going for his appointment for heart surgery! In another
case, when I missed repeatedly a correction made by a contribu-
tor, he never failed to draw my attention to the corrections that I
missed!
Thus, the editor wishes to appreciate efforts of authors who joined
in this edition and worked zealously to contribute their best for the
completion of this ‘saga’. The authors are Joseph F. Artuso, Hansraj
G.Ashar, Peter Pal Babics, Paul Brinkhurst, Neil Broom, Robert G.
Brown, Milan Brumovsky, Anne Chaudouet, Shin Chang, Yi-Bin
Chen, Ting Chow, Howard H. Chung, Russell C. Cipolla, Carlos
Cueto-Felgueroso, K. B. Dixit, Malcolm Europa, John Fletcher, Luc
H. Geraets, Stephen Gosselin (Steve), Donald S. Griffin, Kunio
Hasegawa, Philip A. Henry, Ralph S. Hill III, Kaihwa Robert Hsu,
D. P. Jones, Toshio Isomura, Jong Chull Jo, Masahiko Kaneda,
Dieter Kreckel, Victor V. Kostarev, H. S. Kushwaha, Donald Wayne
Lewis, John R. Mac Kay, Rafael G. Mora, Dana Keith Morton,
Edwin A. Nordstrom, Dave A. Osage, Daniel Pappone, Marty
Parece, Michael A. Porter, Clay D. Rodery, Wesley C. Rowley,
Barry Scott, Kaisa Simola, K. P. Singh (Kris), Alexander V
Sudakov, Peter Trampus, K. K. Vaze, Reino Virolainen, Raymond
(Ray) A. West, Glenn A. White, Tony Williams.
The editor thanks Steve Brown of Entergy Operations for his
help in the search for expert contributors for this edition.
This edition was initiated by me in August 2006 and has taken
over 3000 hours of computer connection time. My thanks are
especially to my wife, Dr. Indira Rao whose sustained support for
this effort and participation in several chores related to editing. In
addition, I appreciate her tolerating my working on it during a
4-month overseas vacation.
The editor thanks the staff of ASME Technical Publications for
their unstinted zeal and support in aiming at this publication’s
target of ‘zero tolerance’ for ‘errors and omissions’.
Finally, the editor thanks all of you, readers and users of
this ‘Companion Guide’ and hopes it serves the purpose of this
publication.
 CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES
AHL, THOMAS J.
Thomas J. Ahl earned a B.S.C.E. in 1960
and M.S.C.E. in 1961 from University of
Wisconsin. He is a Registered Structural and
Professional Engineer in Illinois. He held
the position of Principal Engineer in Nuclear
& Pressure Vessel Design Department,
Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., Plainfield, IL,
(1961–1998), and was engaged in design
and analysis of nuclear related vessels and
structural components. Ahl was a Member of ANSI Working Group
ANS-56.8 that prepared the ANSI/ANS-56.8-1981—Containment
System Leakage Testing Requirements standard.
Ahl is a Member of ASCE, Member of ASCE Hydropower Deve-
lopment Committee, and Conventional Hydropower Subcommittee.
He served as Co-Chair of the Task Committee preparing the publi-
cation “Manual of Practice for Steel Penstocks ASCE Manual No.
79,” Vice-Chair-ASCE Committee preparing the “Guidelines for
Evaluating Aging Penstocks,” and member of ASCE Hydropower
Committee preparing “Civil Engineering Guidelines for Planning
and Design of Hydroelectric Developments.”
Two of these publications received the ASCE Rickey Award
Medal in 1990 and 1994. Thomas Ahl is a member of the Peer
Review Group to Sandia National Laboratories and the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Structural Engineering Branch for the Safety
Margins for Containment’s Research Program, 1980–2001.
ARTUSO, JOSEPH F.
Joseph F. Artuso is the CEO of Construc-
tion Engineering Consultants, Inc. He has
over 40 years experience in developing and
managing quality control inspection and
testing programs for construction materi-
als. He is also actively involved in the
Code and Standards writing bodies of ACI
and ASME. Mr. Artuso earned a B.S. in
Civil Engineering at Carnegie Institute of
Technology in 1948 and became a Level III Inspection Engineer
at the National Council of Engineering Examiners in 1975. He is
a registered Professional Engineer in the states of Pennsylvania,
Ohio, New York, Florida, Maryland and West Virginia, as well
as being registered as Quality Control Engineer in state of
California. His memberships in national committees include
A.S.C.E. (Task committee on Inspection Agencies), A.C.I
(Committees 214, 304 and 311), A.N.S.I (N-45-3.5 Structural
Concrete and Steel), A.S.M.E. (Committee 359 (ASME Sec. III,
Div. 2) Construction Materials and Exam.), ACI-ASME
(Committee on Concrete Pressure Components for Nuclear
Service), ASTM, and NRMCA. He was a contributing editor of
McGraw-Hill “Concrete Construction Handbook”. Mr. Artuso
was the Director of Site Quality Control for the Duquesne Light
Company, Beaver Valley, Unit 2. He also supervised construc-
tion quality control activities on many nuclear power plants dur-
ing the period of high construction activity from the 1970’s to
1980’s.
ASADA, YASUHIDE
Late Dr. Yasuhide Asada was Professor
Emeritus of The The University of Tokyo.
He has been an internationally renowned
scientist in the area of Elevated Temperature
Design technology as well as plasticity,
creep and creep and fatigue. He was an
author of over 150 scientific/technical pub-
lications with respect to the technical area
of his specialty. His contributions have
been awarded by JSME, ASME, ASTM and other engineering
organizations.
After six years of field experience at Mitsubishi Heavy
Industries Ltd., he was invited to be a faculty member of School
of Engineering, The University of Tokyo in 1969. He has been a
Professor of Applied Mechanics in the Mechanical Engineering
Department since 1980 and retired from the university in 1999
due to the university retirement age of 60.
He was a leader of structural integrity administration at METI
on Japanese Nuclear Power plants and components and a leader
of Japanese Codes and Standards activity for nuclear and non-
nuclear facilities and Japanese representative for ISO/TC11
Boilers and Pressure Vessels where he proposed a new concept of
IPEC for international standards.
He has been contributing in international codes and standards
activity and was a member of SC. III of ASME B&PV Code
Committee, Board on Nuclear Codes and standards of ASME and
was a member of ASME Council on Codes and Standards as well
as to the Board on Codes and Standards Technology Institute. He
has contributed to JSME Power generation Code Committee was
a member since 1998 and was chair for first four years.
In scientific activity, he chaired International Council on
Pressure Vessel Technology (ICPVT) for 1996 to 2000 and chaired
Asian and Oceanic regional Committee (AORC) of ICPVT since
1996. He was a Japanese representative member of International
Creep Conference and chaired 7th International creep Conference
2000. Dr. Asada was the recipient of Bernard F. Langer Award and
the ASME Dedication Service Award. Professor Emeritus
Yasuhide Asada passed away on Nov. 23rd, 2005.
viii • Contributor Biographies
ASHAR, HANSRAJ, G.
Mr. Ashar has a Master of Science degree
in Civil Engineering from the University of
Michigan. He has been working with the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the
last 35 years as a Sr. Structural Engineer.
Prior to that Mr. Ashar has worked with a
number of consultants in the U.S. and
Germany designing Bridges and Buildings.
Mr. Ashar has authored 30 papers related
to structures in nuclear power plants.
Mr. Ashar’s participation in National and International
Standards Organization includes Membership of the NSO and
INSO Committees such as American Institute of Steel
Construction (AISC), Chairman of Nuclear Specification
Committe (January 1996 to March 2008), (AISC/ANSI N690);
Member of Building Specification Committee, and Corresponding
of Seismic Provisions Committee.
Mr. Ashar’s professional activities with The American
Concrete Institute (ACI) 349 Committees include Member of the
Main committee, Subcommittee 1 on General Requirements,
Materials and QA, and Subcommittee 2 on Design. His profes-
sional activities also include American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME), Corresponding Member, Working Group on
lnservice Inspection of Concrete and Steel Containments
(Subsections IWE and IWL of ASME Section XI Code),
Member, ASME/ACI Joint Committee on Design, Construction,
Testing and Inspection of Concrete Containments and Pressure
Vessels; Member, RILEM Task Committee 160-MLN:
Methodology for Life Prediction of Concrete Structures in
Nuclear Power Plants; Member, Federation Internationale du
Beton (FIB) Task Group 1.3: Containment Structures, and
Consultant to IAEA on Concrete Containment Database (2001 to
2005).
Mr Ashar is a Professional Engineer in the State of Ohio and
State of Maryland; Fellow, American Concrete Institute; Fellow,
American Society of Civil Engineers; Professional Meer –
Posttensioning Institute. Mr. Ashar is a Peer Reviewer of the Papers
to be published in ASCE Material Journal, Nuclear Engineering and
Design (NED) Periodicals and ACI Material Journal.
BABICS, PETER PAL
Peter Pal Babics graduated as Mechanical
Engineer from Bánki Donát Polytechnic
Institute (BDPI) of Budapest, Hungary in
1975 and obtained an MSc equivalent
degree in 1980 as ME at the Technical
University of Miskolc. He post graduated
as Welding Engineer at the Technical
University of Budapest, and European
Welding Engineer (EWE) at the Austrian
Institute of Material Science and Welding Technology (SZA),
Wien. After graduating he worked as pressure vessel designer and
technologist of welding material production (1975–80). From
1980 he directed pressure vessel and pipelines construction in the
oil refinery and gas industry. Since 1990 he has been working as
member of the Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority (HAEA). His
main activity is licensing ISI programs, welding procedures,
repairs and replacements of safety related equipment of NPP of
the Nuclear Safety Directorate (NSD). In 1997 he took part in a
six-month training at the US NRC to study the ASME B&PV
CODE Section XI regulatory application and practice. Since 2003
he has been responsible for the ISI System Qualification of the
NSD. Since March 2007 he works as leader of Section of
Component Supervision in Licensing Department of NSD.
Since 1996 he has been member of the Hungarian Association
of Welding and Non-destructive Testing Organisation and his duty
is the education, training and examination of metal welders. He
has taken part and given presentations in more than 30 confer-
ences and workshop. He is the author of several Hungarian
Regulatory Guides.
BALKEY, KENNETH R.
Kenneth R. Balkey is currently a Con-
sulting Engineer in Nuclear Services, with
Westinghouse Electric Company in
Pittsburgh, PA with over 36 years of ser-
vice in the nuclear power industry. Mr.
Balkey provides consultation and advises
technology developments related to Codes
and Standards and critical asset protection
initiatives. He performed and directed reli-
ability and risk evaluations for nuclear and non-nuclear structures,
systems and components over his lengthy career. He has produced
more than 100 publications and documents relating to risk evalua-
tions of the integrity of piping, vessels and structures, and the per-
formance of components using state-of-the-art probabilistic
assessment techniques.
Mr. Balkey is vice chair, ASME Codes and Standards Board of
Directors (June 2008 – June 2011), a member of the ASME
Board on Nuclear Codes and Standards, past vice president,
Nuclear Codes and Standards (June 2005 – June 2008), and past
chair, ASME Board on Nuclear Codes and Standards (June 2005 –
June 2008). Mr. Balkey also served as a senior technical advisor
to the ASME Innovative Technologies Institute LLC, providing
consultation on the development of guidance for Risk Analysis
and Management for Critical Asset Protection (RAMCAPTM) and
working with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. His
honors include ASME’s Dedicated Service Award (1991), the
Bernard F. Langer Nuclear Codes and Standards Award (2002),
the Melvin R. Green Codes and Standards Medal (2008), and sev-
eral other awards from ASME, Westinghouse, and other institu-
tions. Mr. Balkey earned B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical
Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh. Mr. Kenneth R.
Balkey is a Registered Professional Engineer.
BAMFORD, WARREN
Warren Bamford has been a member of
Section XI since 1974, and now serves as
Chairman of the Subgroup on Evaluation
Standards, whose charter is to develop and
maintain flaw evaluation procedures and
acceptance criteria. He is a member of the
Executive Committee of Section XI, and
was also a charter member of the ASME
Post Construction Committee, whose goal
is to develop inspection, evaluation and repair criteria for non-
nuclear plants. He has taught a course on the Background and
Technical Basis of the ASME Code, Section III and Section XI.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • ix
Warren has been educated at Virginia Tech, Carnegie Mellon
University, and the University of Pittsburgh.
Warren’s research interests include environmental fatigue crack
growth and stress corrosion cracking of pressure boundary materi-
als, and he has been the lead investigator for two major programs
in this area. He was a charter member of the International
Cooperative Group for Environmentally Assisted Cracking, which
has been functioning since 1977.
Warren Bamford has been employed by Westinghouse Electric
since 1972, and now serves as a consulting Engineer. He special-
izes in applications of fracture mechanics to operating power
plants, with special interest in probabilistic applications. Over 80
technical papers have been published in journals and conference
proceedings.
BANDYOPADHYAY, UMA S.
Bandyopadhyay received his BSME from
Jadavpur University (1970), Calcutta,
India, MSME from the Polytechnic
Institute of Brooklyn (1974). He is a regis-
tered Professional Engineer in the states of
New York, New Jersey, Connecticut,
Massachusetts, Virginia, Wyoming and
District of Columbia. He has 28 years of
extensive experience in design, engineer-
ing and manufacturing of pipe supports and pipe support products
for Water Treatment and Waste Water Treatment Facilities, Oil
Refineries, Co-generation, Fossil and Nuclear Power Plants.
Bandyopadhyay is currently employed by Carpenter and Paterson,
Inc. as Chief Engineer and works as a consultant and Registered
Professional Engineer for affiliate Bergen-Power Pipe Supports,
Inc. Prior to his current employment, he held the positions of
Design Engineer (1977–1980), Project Engineer (1980–1986) and
Chief Engineer (1986–1992) with Bergen-Paterson Pipesupport
Corp. Bandyopadhyay is a member, Working Group on Supports
(Subsection NF), since 1993; was an alternate member,
Subsection NF (1986–1993). He is also an alternate member,
Manufacturer’s Standardization Society (MSS), Committee 403-
Pipe hangers (MSS-SP-58, 69, 89, 90 and 127) since 1992.
BATEY, JON E.
Jon Batey has been a member of ASME
Subcommittee V since 1995 and has
served as Chairman since 2002. Jon has
served on various sub-tier committees of
Subcommittee V since 1990 and currently
is a member of the Subgroup on
Volumetric Examination Methods, the
Subgroup on General Requirements,
Personnel Qualifications and Interpreta-
tions, the Working Group on Radiography, and the Working
Group on Acoustic Emission. He is also a member of the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committee plus its Honors
and Awards Committee, and the ASME Post Construction
Standards Committee and its Subcommittee on Inspection
Planning. Jon was also a member of the ASME B-16 Standards
Committee from 1979 to 1993.
Jon is the Global Inspection Leader for The Dow Chemical
Company in Freeport, TX. In his current role, Jon is responsible
for inspection performed by Dow or third-party inspectors at sup-
plier fabrication shops. He received a B.S. in Physics from Texas
State University. His certifications include ASNT Level III
Certificates in Radiography, Ultrasound, Liquid Penetrant,
Magnetic Particle, Visual and Leak Test Methods.
BECHT 1V, CHARLES
Dr. Becht is a recognized authority in pres-
sure vessels, piping, expansion joints, and
elevated temperature design. He is President
of Becht Engineering Co. Inc, a consulting
engineering company providing services to
the process and power industries
(www.becht.com, www.bechtns.com for the
nuclear services division, and www.tech-
training.info for technical training);
President of Becht Engineering Canada Ltd.; President of Helidex,
LLC (www.helidex.com); and Director of Sonomatic Ltd. (also dba
Becht Sonomatic, www.vsonomatic.com) a NDE company that
provides advanced ultrasonic imaging. Chuck was previously with
Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International and Exxon
Research and Engineering where he was a pressure equipment spe-
cialist. He received a PhD from Memorial University in Mechanical
Engineering (dissertation: Behavior of Bellows), a MS from
Stanford University in Structural Engineering and BSCE from
Union College, New York. Chuck is a licensed professional engi-
neer in 16 states and provinces, an ASME Fellow since 1996, recip-
ient of the ASME Dedicated Service Award in 2001, and has more
than 60 publications including the book, Process Piping: The
Complete Guide to ASME B31.3, and five patents.
Dr. Becht is Chair of the ASME B31.3, Process Piping
Committee; Chair (founding) of the Post Construction
Subcommittee on Repair and Testing (PCC), and member of other
ASME Committees including the Post Construction Standards
Committee (past Chair); Post Construction Executive Committee
(past Chair); B&PV Code Subcommittee on Transport Tanks;
B&PV Code Subgroup on Elevated Temperature Design (past
Chair); B31 Code for Pressure Piping Standards Committee; B31
Mechanical Design Committee; B31 Executive Committee; and is
a past member of the Board on Pressure Technology Codes and
Standards; the B&PV Code Subcommittee on Design; and the
B&PV Code TG on Class 1 Expansion Joints for liquid metal ser-
vice. He is a member of ASTM Committee F-17, Plastic Piping
Systems Main Committee; and the ASME PVP Division, Design
and Analysis Committee.
BERNSEN, SIDNEY A.
Dr. Bernsen, earned his B.S.M.E in 1950,
M.S.M.E in 1951, and Ph.D. in 1953, from
Purdue University. He has been involved in
nuclear power activities for over 50 years,
initially at Argonne National Laboratory and
subsequently with Bechtel Corporation. At
Bechtel he held a variety of positions includ-
ing Chief Nuclear Engineer and Manager
of Quality Assurance for Bechtel Power
Corporation. Since retirement from Bechtel, after more than
30 years, he has provided consulting services and has remained
active in ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards. Dr. Bernsen
x • Contributor Biographies
served as the initial Chair of the ASME Committee on Nuclear
Quality Assurance (NQA) and is now an honorary member of
the NQA committee.
Dr. Bernsen, was a founding member of the ASME Board on
Nuclear Codes and Standards (BNCS) and has continuously
served on BNCS since its inception. He was the initial Chair of
the ASME Committee on Nuclear Risk Management and com-
pleted his second term in 2004. During his tenure, the committee
completed and published the first issue of this Standard in April
2002 and the first addendum was published in December 2003.
Through his long career, including extensive involvement in
licensing and safety, as well as his work in coordinating the devel-
opment and approval of the Nuclear Risk Management Standard,
he has obtained valuable insight into nuclear risk related activities
and how they are being and may be applied in the future to
ASME Codes and Standards. Dr. Bernsen, an ASME Fellow, has
been involved in Codes and Standards for over 35 years.
BERNSTEIN, MARTIN D.
Mr. Bernstein was involved in the design
and analysis of steam power equipment
since joining Foster Wheeler Energy
Corporation in 1960. Retired in 1996, he
continued to serve as a consultant to Foster
Wheeler and as their representative on the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Committee, on which he had served for
more than 25 years. He was Vice Chair,
Subcommittee on Power Boilers, Chair, Subcommittee on Safety
Valve Requirements, a member of the Main Committee
(Standards Committee) and past Chair of Subgroup General
Requirements and the Subgroup Design of the Subcommittee on
Power Boilers. Since 1986 he and Lloyd Yoder taught a two-day
course on Power Boilers for the ASME Professional Development
Department. In 1998, ASME Press published Power Boilers—A
Guide to Section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
that Bernstein and Yoder developed from their course notes.
Mr. Bernstein was active for many years in ASME’s PVP
Division. He was also author and editor of numerous ASME pub-
lications, including journal articles on ASME design criteria,
ASME rules for safety valves, flow-induced vibration in safety
valve nozzles, and tubesheet design. Mr. Bernstein obtained a
B.S. and M.S. in civil engineering from the Columbia School of
Engineering and Applied Science. He was elected an ASME
Fellow in 1992, received the ASME Dedicated Service Award in
1994, and was awarded the ASME J. Hall Taylor Medal in 1998.
He was a Registered Professional Engineer in New York State.
Mr. Bernstein passed away in 2002.
BONNEFOY, ALAIN
Alain Bonnefoy graduated from the INSA
in Lyon-France. He began his career at
CETIM (French Technical Center of
Mechanical Industries) in R & D in the
field of Pressure Vessel, Piping and
Boilers. In 1976 he held the position of
Department manager for the design and
analysis of structure and components.
Mr. Bonnefoy has published more than
20 papers in structural design particularly seismic analysis,
mounded vessels and buried piping areas. Since 2001 he is the
Technical Manager of the SNCT (French Pressure Equipment
Manufacturer’s Association) that publishes the French Codes of
Construction such as CODAP (Vessels), CODETI (Piping),
COVAP (Boilers). Alain Bonnefoy is also in charge of the French
version of the ASME Section VIII Division 1, currently under
preparation.
Mr. Bonnefoy is a Member of the different working groups
preparing these codes and is also active in European standardiza-
tion in the field of piping.
BRESSLER, MARCUS N.
Mr. Bressler is President of M. N.
BRESSLER, PE, INC., an engineering
consulting firm founded in 1977, specializ-
ing in codes and standards, quality assur-
ance, design, fabrication, inspection and
failure analysis for the piping, power,
petroleum and chemical industries. He has
over 54 years of experience. He joined
TVA in 1971 as Principal Engineer and
was promoted in 1979 to Senior Engineering Specialist, Codes
Standards and Materials. He took early retirement in 1988 to open
up a private consulting practice. His previous experience was with
the US Army (1952) where he served as an Industrial Hygiene
Engineer; the Babcock & Wilcox Company(1955), where he held
the positions of Engineering Draftsman, Stress Analyst, and
Boiler Division Materials Engineer; Gulf & Western Lenape
Forge Division (1966) where he became Senior Design Engineer,
and Taylor Forge Division (1970) as Product Development
Manager. At Lenape Forge he developed a design for a quick-
opening manway for pressure vessels and piping that was granted
a patent in 1971.
Mr. Bressler began his activities in Codes, Standards and
Materials in 1960. He has been a member of the ASME B&PV
Standards Committee since 1979 to 2009, and is now a member
of the Technical Oversight Management Commitee. He is a
member and past Vice Chair of the Committee on Nuclear
Certification. He is a member of the Standards Committees on
Materials and on Nuclear Power, the subgroup on Design
(SCIII), the special working group on Editing and Review
(SC III), the Boards on Nuclear Codes and Standards and on
Conformity Assessment. He is the Chair of the Honors
and Awards Committee (BNCS). Mr. Bressler is a member of
the ASTM Committees A-01 and B-02 and many of their
subcommittees.
Mr. Bressler holds a BME degree from Cornell University
(1952) and an MSME degree from Case Institute of Technology
(1960). In 1989 he received a Certificate of Achievement from
Cornell University for having pursued a course that, under today’s
requirements, would have resulted in a Master of Engineering
degree. He was awarded the ASME Century Medallion (1980),
and became a Fellow of ASME in 1983. He is now a Life Fellow.
He received the 1992 ASME Bernard F. Langer Nuclear Codes
and Standards Award. and is the 1996 recipient of the ASME J.
Hall Taylor Medal. He received the 2001 ASME Dedicated
Service Award. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the
State of Tennessee (Retired).
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xi
BRINKHURST, PAUL
Mr. Brinkhurst graduated from the
University of the South Bank, London in
1971 with a BSc (Hons) in Chemical
Technology. After spending a number of
years in the Chemical and Mining indus-
tries he has worked predominately in the
nuclear power generation industry since
1983. Mr. Brinkhurst has been employed
by the South African electricity utility
Eskom since 1993, working mainly in the areas of inservice
inspection, integrity and licensing.
Mr. Brinkhurst’s specific activities included application of
Sections III and XI of the ASME B&PV Code at Koeberg
Nuclear Power Station. His current position is Chief Engineer in
the Eskom Nuclear Safety Assurance department.
BROOM, NEIL
Neil Broom has been involved with heat
exchanger and pressure vessel design and
manufacture for the power generation
industry for over 30 years. He is currently
employed at PBMR with responsibility for
Code related activities.
He serves as a member of Subgroup
Strategy and Management Divisions 1 and
2 (SC III), Member of Special Working
Group High Temperature Gas Cooled
Reactors (SC XI).
BROWN, ROBERT G.
Mr. Brown is a Principal Engineer and
Director of Consulting for the Equity
Engineering Group in Shaker Heights,
Ohio. He has experience as both an
owner-user and consultant providing
engineering support to refineries and
chemical plants worldwide. Mr. Brown
uses advanced skills in Finite Element
Analysis to provide practical and cost
effective solutions to solve design and operational issues relat-
ed to fixed equipment.
Mr. Brown assisted with the development of API 579
Fitness-For-Service and has been a consultant for the PVRC
effort to develop the new ASME, Section VIII, Division 2,
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, taking into consideration the
latest developments in materials, design, fabrication, and
inspection technologies.
Mr. Brown is an active member of the Battelle International
Joint Industry Project on the Structural Stress Method for Fatigue
Assessment of Welded Structures and performs fatigue assess-
ments/reviews of equipment in cyclic service. Mr. Brown also
serves on the ASME Subgroup on Design Analysis and performs
code compliance calculations and interpretations for pressure ves-
sels. Mr. Brown is a registered Professional Engineer in the States
of Ohio and Pennsylvania.
BRUMOVSKY, MILAN
Dr. Milan Brumovsky finished his M.S. in
nuclear physics and RNDr. in experimental
physics in Charles University in Prague,
Czech Republic, and his PhD. in experimen-
tal physics at the Moscow Engineering
Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia Fede-
ration. Then he joined Research and
Development Centre of SKODA Nuclear
Machinery in Pilsen, Czech Republic
(head of Reactor Component Integrity and Safety) – manufacturer
of WWER type reactors for Central Europe. After 35 years he
moved to the Nuclear Research Institute Rez in Rez, Czech
Republic as project manager. Thus, last year he celebrated 50
years in the nuclear power area.
During his career he was involved in many projects connected
with the material and integrity research projects, mainly in the
field of material qualification for WWER reactors pressure ves-
sels, radiation damage in structural materials, material testing by
standard and large scale test specimens and components, fracture
mechanics study and application to components integrity. He
worked also in preparation of many regulatory documents within
the Interatomenergo organization as well as in the Czech nuclear
codes. He was also co-ordinator of several IAEA Co-ordinated
research projects in the field of radiation damage and fracture
mechanics. He is also an active member in the ASTM E-10
Committee as well as in ASME PVP O&C Committee. Finally,
he served as a co-ordinator of the European project for prepara-
tion of VERLIFE- “Unified Procedure for Lifetime Assessment of
Components and Piping in WWER NPPs during Operation”.
CANONICO, DOMENIC A.
Dr. Canonico received his B. S. from
Michigan Technological University, M.S.
and Ph.D. from Lehigh University. He has
over 40 years experience in pressure parts
manufacturing. Dr. Canonico is currently
employed by ALSTOM POWER facilities
in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He is Past
Chair of the ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel
(BPV) Code Main Committee and a mem-
ber of the ASME Council on C. & S. and Vice President-elect
Pressure Technology, C&S. He is a Fellow in ASME, the
American Welding Society (AWS) and the American Society for
Metals (ASM). In 1999 Dr. Canonico received the ASME Melvin
R. Green C&S Medal. He was the 1994 recipient of the ASME J.
Hall Taylor Medal, in 1996 and 1999 respectively he was awarded
the Dedicated Service Award., and the ASME Region XI Industry
Executive Award. In 1978, 1979, and 1985 respectively AWS
awarded him the Dr. Rene Wasserman Award, the James F.
Lincoln Gold Medal, and the William H. Hobart Memorial
Medal; he was the 1983 Adams Lecturer. He is a member of the
State of Tennessee Boiler Rules Board.
He has written over 100 technical papers and given technical
talks in U.S., Canada, Mexico, Europe and Asia. He is named in
Who’s Who in Engineering and Men and Women of Science. Dr.
Canonico is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Tennessee,
Knoxville and on the Advisory Committee of the School of
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga.
xii • Contributor Biographies
CARPENTER, MARVIN L.
Marvin L. Carpenter graduated with honors
from Michigan Technological University
(MTU) with a B.S. in Metallurgical
Engineering. He continued at MTU and
received his Masters in Metallurgical
Engineering in 1974. Since graduating, his
career has been focused on welding fabrica-
tion and testing in accordance with the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
ASME Code Committees first caught his attention in the late seven-
ties and he has remained active in the Code ever since. He serves on
the Subcommittee on Welding (IX), Chaired the Subgroup on
Brazing (IX) and currently Chairs the Subgroup on Materials (IX).
Mr. Carpenter gained expertise in production welding, brazing,
failure analysis, coatings, and material testing while working for
major corporations including Westinghouse Electric Corporation,
The Trane Company, and Bechtel. His experience ranges from
supervising a Welding Engineering Develop group to setting up
and operating a materials testing laboratory that performed chem-
ical analysis, mechanical testing, metallography, and welding
qualification.
In addition to his extensive materials and welding background,
he was granted a patent in 1995 for a GTAW-HW circular weld-
ing system. His current position is as a Principal Engineer with a
major U.S. company that provides power plant equipment. Mr.
Carpenter resides in Pittsburgh, PA with his wife, Denise, and two
children, Scott and Michelle.
CHANG, EDMUND W. K.
Edmund W.K. Chang, P.E., received his
BSME from the University of Hawaii
(UHM), 1969. Mr. Chang is currently
employed as the Boiler & Welding
Maintenance Engineer with Hawaiian
Electric Company, Inc., Power Supply
Engineering Department, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Mr. Chang’s responsibilities include being
in-charge of all company boiler condition
assessments, and National Board (NB) “R” and “VR” Symbol
Stamp repair programs. Mr. Chang is also a NB commissioned O/U
Inspector, in charge of in-service and acceptance inspections. He is a
AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI), in charge of welding pro-
gram, and the company’s NDT Level III in PT and MT in charge of
the NDT program.
Mr. Chang’s professional affiliations include ASME
Membership since 1971; association with ASME Hawaii Section
as Chairman 2008–2009, Honors & Awards Committee Chair,
Webmaster, Newsletter Editor, and Section Chair 1993–1994;
ASNT Hawaii Section Director and Webmaster; AWS Hawaii
Section Webmaster; and Chair 1996 of Hawaii Council of
Engineering Societies. Mr. Chang is a member of the Department
of Mechanical Engineering, UHM, Industry Advisory Board.
Mr. Chang’s professional publications include as a lead author
of “T91 Secondary Superheater Tube Failures Investigation,”
1997, ASME PVP Conference, Orlando, Florida; and
“Tangential-Fired Boiler Tube Failures, A Case Study,” 2007,
EPRI International Conference on Boiler & HRSG Tube Failures,
Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
CHANG, KENNETH C.
Dr. Chang is a registered professional engi-
neer and received his Ph.D. in applied
mechanics from the Department of
Mechanical Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley. Through his technical
and management career at Westinghouse, he
has been involved in the design, analysis,
and construction of nuclear power plant sys-
tems, structures and components, and ASME
Section Code development for more than 34 years. Dr. Chang is a
renowned professional in the field of fatigue design, structural
dynamics, and aging managing for ASME Class 1 components, and
authored over twenty-five technical papers and professional presenta-
tions. He is a key participant in the development of the new review
and audit process for aging management reviews (AMRs) and aging
management programs (AMPs) for license renewal applications
(LRAs) at USNRC and conducted several training on the subject.
Dd. Chang retired as a branch chief of License Renewal Division
responsible for performing on-site audits and reviews for the new
LRAs. In that capacity he was also a staff member planning for the
guidance documents update, involving industry participation, for
more efficient preparation and review of LRAs.
CHANG, SHIN
Dr. Chang received her B.S. in 1983 from
the National Tsing Hua University in
Taiwan. She continued her study in the
USA and earned her MS and Ph.D. in
Nuclear Engineering from the University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois.
After graduation in 1991, she was
employed by the Atomic Energy Council
at Taiwan (TAEC). Since then, she has
been working at the Department of Nuclear Regulation of TAEC
for more than 15 years.
During Dr. Chang’s career at TAEC, she has been involved in
various regulatory safety reviews and inspection works related to
nuclear power plants. She has been section chief of the License
Review Section and section chief of the Kuosheng Regulatory
Task Force of the Nuclear Regulation Department of TAEC. She
is currently the section chief of Chinshan Regulatory Task Force
of the Nuclear Regulation Department of TAEC. In this role,
she is now responsible for all the regulatory activities, which
include resident inspections, periodic inspections, maintenance
quality inspections, safety review of measurement recapture
power uprate application, safety review of the aging management
program that includes Chinshan NPP operational safety.
CHAUDOUET, ANNE
Ms Chaudouet earned a Master of Pure
Maths at Paris XIII University in 1974 and
then obtained a Mechanical Engineering
Degree from ENSMP (Mines) in Paris,
France in 1976. The same year, she started
her career at Cetim (French Technical
Center of Mechanical Industries) in R&D
in the field of solid mechanics analysed by
the Boundary Element Method (BEM).
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xiii
Soon after, she became in charge of the team responsible for
the development of all software developed at Cetim in the domain
of 2D and 3D heat transfer and solid mechanics. In that role she
had the direct responsibility for the analyses of components by
BEM and of fracture mechanics. In 1984, she became head of the
Long Term Research Service involved in more theoretical studies
and development of design rules for pressure vessels. In the same
year she initiated Cetim’s participation in PVRC (Pressure Vessel
Research Council).
Since 2003, Ms Chaudouet has been actively involved in
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code organization where she
became a member of the Subcommittee on Materials, of SC
II/International Material Specifications (currently, Chair) and of
SC D/Bolted Flanged Joints. She is also an active member of the
ASME/API Joint Committee on Fitness for Service. Ms
Chaudouet has published over 30 papers in French and in English
in the domain of Boundary Elements, Fracture Mechanics and
more recently on Fitness-For-Service. Most of these were present-
ed at International Conferences.
Ms Chaudouet has developed professional courses on these
topics. In the domain of pressure equipment she has also given
courses on the PED (European Directive).
CHEN YI-BIN
Dr. Chen received his B.S. in Nuclear
Engineering from National Tsing-Hua
University (Taiwan), M.S. and his Ph.D. in
Nuclear Engineering from Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Dr. Chen has spent his entire career in
the field of nuclear energy, beginning in
research and development of thermal
hydraulics and safety for light water reac-
tors, and then with regulatory body conducting safety inspection,
audit and review of design, construction and operation of nuclear
power plants in Taiwan.
Dr. Chen has held a number of senior management positions
including Deputy Director of the Institute of Nuclear Energy
Research (INER) and Department Directors of Planning, Nuclear
Technology, Radiation Protection and Nuclear Regulation at
Atomic Energy Council (AEC). He has also taught graduate
courses in the Nuclear Engineering Department of National
Tsing-Hua University for more than 10 years.
CHOW, TING
Mr. Ting Chow, specialized in earthquake
engineering application to nuclear power
facilities, and has been acting head of
Seismic Test/Research Laboratory of
Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER)
of Atomic Energy Council of Taiwan since
the Lab.’s establishment in 1995.
Mr. Ting Chow has been working on
varieties of seismic safety related topics,
such as: (1) Seismic Probabilistic Risk assessment at Kuosheng
Nuclear Power Plant, (2) Study on Necessity of Installing
Earthquake Auto-Scram System for NPPs in Taiwan, (3)
Principal review of several NPP’s seismic/structural related topics
and issues including USI A-46 issue, Chapter 3 of Final Safety
Analysis Report of Maanshan PWR NPP, design earthquake
review of Lungmen ABWR NPP FSAR, (4) Seismic shake table
system for seismic qualification of safety related component (5)
INER’s seismic shake table set up, (6) Commercial Grade Item’s
Seismic Dedication, and (7) Soil structure interaction analysis for
the Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation.
Mr. Chow had also been adjunct associate professor in Chun-
Yuan Christian University, Taiwan from 1997–2003. Mr. Chow,
born in 1955, joined INER right after his MS degree in Civil-
Structural Engineering from National Taiwan University in 1979.
He also holds MS degree from Massachusetts Institute of
.Technology (1987) and a Ph.D candidate from Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute (1990).
CHUNG HOWARD H.
Dr. Howard H. Chung has over 35 years
of diversified technical and managerial
experience in the nuclear, pressure vessel,
and aerospace industries in the areas of
analytical and experimental structural
mechanics, fluid transport phenomena,
flow-induced vibrations, shock and vibra-
tion isolation, seismic engineering, haz-
ardous radioactive wastes transportation
technologies, pressure vessels and piping design, computer codes
development, and nuclear facility configuration management.
Currently, he is the President of Structural System Integrity in
Naperville, Illinois. He previously worked as a Research Engineer
and Project Manager on nuclear reactor and nuclear fuel process-
ing facility R&D programs at Argonne National Laboratory,
Argonne, Illinois for twenty-five years (1994–1999). Prior to join-
ing Argonne, he was a technical research staff at MIT Lincoln
Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts working on U.S. Air Force
satellite R&D program for two years (1992–1994).
Howard Chung received BS in Naval Architecture and Marine
Engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea in 1966,
MS and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Tufts University,
Medford, Massachusetts in 1971 and 1974, respectively. In addi-
tion, he received his MBA degree from University of Chicago in
1983. Dr. Chung has published over 60 technical papers and
reports in his fields of expertise and served as an Associate Editor
of the ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines. Dr. Chung
served as a member of the ASME Board on Nuclear Codes and
Standards (BNCS) for ten years (1987–1997) and as a member of
the ASME B&PV Section III Subgroup on Containment Systems
for Nuclear Spent Fuel and High Level Waste Transportation
Packaging (SG-NUPACK) for more than ten years. In addition, he
has been serving as a member of the Committee on Design and
Fabrication of Nuclear Structures (N690) of the American Institute
of Steel Construction (AISC) since 1991.
Dr. Chung has been also active on serving various professional
organizations including the Chair (2002–2003) of the ASME
Pressure Vessels and Piping, the Vice-Chair (1995–1996) of
the ASME Nuclear Engineering Division and the Vice-Chair
(2003–2005) of the Anti-Seismic Systems International Society
(ASSISi). He also chaired many international conferences, includ-
ing the 2002 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference in
Vancouver, Canada. Dr. Chung is an ASME Fellow and received
the ASME Dedicated Service Award in 1999.
xiv • Contributor Biographies
CIPOLLA, RUSSELL C.
Mr. Russell Cipolla is Vice President,
Nuclear Power Generation, and Principal
Engineer for APTECH Engineering Ser-
vices, Inc., Sunnyvale, California (USA).
Mr. Cipolla received his B.S. degree
in Mechanical Engineering from
Northeastern University in 1970, and his
M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mechanics in 1972. He has been active in the Nuclear Power
Industry since the early 1970s having worked at the nuclear divi-
sions of Babcock & Wilcox and General Electric in the area of
ASME Section III design associated with both naval and commer-
cial power plants systems.
Russ has specialized in stress analysis and fatigue and fracture
mechanics evaluations of power plant components in operating
plants. He has applied his skills to many service problems to
include stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of J-groove attachments
welds in reactor vessel head penetrations and pressurizer heater
sleeves, mechanical and thermal fatigue in piping, SCC in low
pressure steam turbine rotors and blades, and fitness-for-service
of components supports. Russ was also involved in resolving
the NRC Generic Safety Issues A-11 and A-12 regarding fracture
toughness and bolted joint integrity. He is well versed in the
integrity of threaded fasteners for both structural joints and pres-
sure boundary closures.
In recent years, Russ has been active in both deterministic
and probabilistic methods and acceptance criteria for nuclear
steam generators (SG) regarding pressure boundary integrity in
compliance with NEI 97-06 requirements. In support of indus-
try group efforts, he has made significant contributions to the
industry guidelines for the assessment of tube integrity and
leakage performance for various degradation mechanisms
affecting Alloy 600 and 690 tubing materials. He has develop-
ment methods for predicting tube burst and leak rates under
various service conditions, which have become part of the
industry standards.
Russ has been very active in ASME Section XI since joining the
Working Group on Flaw Evaluation in 1975, for which he is current-
ly Chairman. Russ is also a member of the Subgroup on Evaluation
Standards and Subcommittee Section XI, and has participated in
many ad hoc committees on such topics as environmental fatigue,
SCC of austenitic materials, and fracture toughness reference curves
for pressure vessels and piping, and SG tube examination. Russ has
authored/coauthored over 80 technical papers on various subjects
and assessments from his past work.
CONLISK, PETER J.
Dr. Conlisk’s has a B.S. in Mechanical
Engineering and M.S. in Engineering
Science from the University of Notre
Dame and Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics
from the University of Michigan. He has
forty years experience applying engineer-
ing principles, com-puters, experimental
techniques, and Codes and Standards to
solving design of processing equipment
and vessels in the chemical industry. From 1960 until 1968, he
worked in the Aerospace industry and from 1968 until his early
retirement in 1993, Dr. Conlisk worked for the Monsanto
Corporation, the last 19 years in the Engineering Department. He
was a key member in a team at Monsanto that developed acoustic
emission examination for fiberglass and metal tanks and vessels.
His services are now available through Conlisk Engineering
Mechanics, Inc., a consulting firm he formed in 1994. He has con-
centrated on design of tanks and pressure vessel, especially fiber-
glass composite (FRP) vessels. Dr. Conlisk is a nationally recog-
nized authority in FRP equipment design and analysis. He is a
member of the ASME committee that developed the ASME/ANSI
Standard: “Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Corrosion Resistant
Equipment, RTP-1.”
Dr. Conlisk is past chairman and current vice-chairman of the
ASME B&PV Code subcommittee, Section X, governing FRP
pressure vessels. He is also a past member of the main committee
of the ASME B&PV Code. Dr. Conlisk is a registered profession-
al engineer in Missouri.
CUETO-FELGUEROSO, CARLOS
Carlos Cueto-Felgueroso obtained a
Naval Engineer (M.Sc.) degree in the
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros
Navales of the Polytechnic University of
Madrid in 1977. He worked for four years
in the Structural Mechanics Section of
AESA, the major shipbuilding company
in Spain. Carlos moved to IBM Spain,
and in 1985 joined the Integrity of
Components Group (now Materials and Life Management Unit)
of Tecnatom S.A. He specializes in the stress and fracture
mechanics analyses of components and piping, in both nuclear
and fossil plants. Main activities to date have been in the analyt-
ical evaluation of flaws of major components (reactor pressure
vessels, turbines, etc.) and piping. He developed Flaw
Evaluation Handbooks for streamlining the evaluation of NDE
flaw indications. Carlos was involved in the development of
Steam Generator tubes plugging criteria for several types of
degradation (PWSCC, IGA/ODSCC, etc.). He has expertise in
the development of acceptance criteria for PWSCC defects in
the CRDM penetrations of vessel heads, and in the Bottom
Mounted Instrumentation penetrations.
Carlos has experience in the evaluation of piping failure proba-
bilities for the development of Risk-Informed ISI programs. He
participated in the Working Group on Codes and Standards
(WGCS) organized by the European Commission and he is mem-
ber of the ENIQ Task Group on Risk (TGR) dedicated to RI-ISI
activities in Europe.
In recent years Carlos participated in several European projects
such as the benchmarking of Structural Reliability Models for RI-
ISI applications (NURBIM project) and the comparison of struc-
tural evaluation methodologies for Thermal Fatigue in piping
(THERFAT project) both in the 5th Framework Program of the
European Commission. Carlos is a member of the ASME B&PV
Section XI Working Groups on Implementation on Risk Based
Examination and of the Working Group and on Inspection on
Systems and Components.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xv
DEARDORFF, ARTHUR F.
Arthur F. Deardorff has a Mechanical
Engineering B.S, from Oregon State
University (1964) and MS, University of
Arizona (1966). He is a Registered
Mechanical Engineer, State of California.
He is a Vice President, Structural
Integrity Associates, San Jose, California.
His professional experience includes 1987
to present with Structural Integrity
Associates, San Jose, CA, 1976–1987 with NUTECH, San Jose,
CA, 1970–1976 with General Atomic Company, San Diego, CA
and 1966–1970 with The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA. His
professional associations include American Society of
Mechanical Engineers and American Nuclear Society. He is a
Past Member of the ASME Code Section XI Subgroup Water
Cooled Systems, Working Group on Implementation of Risk-
Based Inspection, Task Group on Erosion-Corrosion Acceptance
Criteria, Task Group on Fatigue in Operating Plants, and Task
Group on Operating Plant Fatigue Assessment, and the ASME
Code Post Construction Committee, Subgroup on Crack-Like
Flaws.
Mr. Deardorff has expertise in fracture mechanics, stress
analysis and reactor systems evaluation, with a strong academic
background in thermal-hydraulics and fluid system. His exper-
tise includes PWR and BWR systems and fossil-fired power
plants. Art is known internationally for providing ASME Code
training in Section III design and analysis and Section XI flaw
evaluation.
DEBOO, GUY H.
Guy DeBoo has a B.S., Mechanical Engi-
neering from Northwestern University,
1976 and M.S. Mechanical Engineering
from University of Illinois, 1986. His pro-
fessional experience from 1995 to present
is as Senior Staff Engineer, Common-
wealth Edison, Senior Staff Engineer with
Exelon Nuclear and with Sargent & Lundy
Engineers 1976 to 1995. During his
24 years in nuclear power generation, DeBoo has worked on
major nuclear design projects including design, inspection and
testing phases.
Mr. DeBoo’s recent experience includes fatigue, crack
growth, flaw stability analyses and operability for power plant
components. He supervised functionality and operability evalu-
ations of systems and components to address unanticipated
operating events or conditions, which do not meet inspection or
test requirements. Mr. DeBoo provides engineering direction
for design and operability evaluations of pressure vessels,
piping and components and provides technical responses
to NRC.
He is a Member ASME B&PV Code Section XI, Secretary,
WG Flaw Evaluation, and WG Pipe Flaw Evaluations. Guy is a
PE (Illinois), Member of National Society of Professional
Engineers.
His industry participation includes PVRC Technical Committee
on Piping Systems; publications include “Position Paper on
Nuclear Plant Pipe Supports,” WRC Bulletin 353, May 1990, and
a Tutorial on “An Integrated Approach to Address Engineering of
Operating Nuclear Power Plants Functionality and Operability
Criteria,” 1994, ASME PV&P Conference.
DIXIT, K. B.
K.B. Dixit graduated from the Indian
Institute of Technology, Bombay (IITB)
with a B. Tech. in Mechanical Engineering
in 1972. After completion from the 16th
Batch of Training School of Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre in 1973, he joined Nuclear
Power Corporation of India Limited
(NPCIL), Mumbai. His initial field of work
was in the area of Structural Analysis and
Design of Reactor Components of Indian Pressurized Heavy Water
Reactors, using Finite Element Method and ASME Boiler &
Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Nuclear Vessels.
Mr. Dixit was involved in design of nuclear components of
Narora Atomic power station, which has India’s first indigenous
Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors. He has made significant
contributions in evolving technology, for design and manufac-
ture, of nuclear components. He was also involved in Design
of coolant channel components of PHWRs and development of
shutdown systems of Indian PHWRs. He has also made impor-
tant contributions in resolution of problems associated with core
components where remotely operated toolings had to be devel-
oped indigenously.
In addition to design and analysis, Mr. Dixit has also gained
expertise in Ageing Management, Equipment Qualification and
Seismic Revaluation. He has also participated in regulatory
reviews for operating reactors as well as those under various
stages of design/construction. Publications by him include papers
presented at Conferences for Structural Mechanics in Reactor
Technology, International conference on Pressure Vessels technol-
ogy etc. Presently he is working as Executive Director for engi-
neering group of NPCIL and is in charge of all design activities
for all systems and components of Indian PHWR plants.
EUROPA MALCOLM
Malcolm Europa is a Senior Engineer with
the South African National Nuclear
Regulator where he carries responsibility
for coordination of safety and technical
assessment of nuclear facilities and nuclear
equipment under South African nuclear
regulations. He has participated in regulato-
ry reviews of the Koeberg nuclear reactors
as well as design reviews of pressurized
components of the PBMR plant. His background includes nuclear
power industry operations experience which includes planning,
engineering design, safety reviews and mechanical integrity
assessment of pressurised equipment for both nuclear and conven-
tional service.
xvi • Contributor Biographies
He currently represents the South African National Nuclear
Regulator at the Multinational Design Evaluation Programme
(MDEP) on both the Codes and Standards and Vendor Inspection
Cooperation working groups.
Malcolm is a Mechanical Engineering graduate from the
Peninsula Technikon (1986) and the University of Southern
California (1993). He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the
Republic of South Africa.
FELDSTEIN, JOEL G.
Joel Feldstein has a Metallurgical Engi-
neering B.S. (1967) and M.S. (1969) from
Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. He has
more than 30 years experience in the weld-
ing field, ranging from welding research
for a filler metal manufacturer to welding
engineering in the aerospace and power
generation industries. He began his career
in power generation with Babcock &
Wilcox in 1972 at their R&D Division working on manufactur-
ing-related projects and moved into plant manufacturing in 1984
as the Manager of Welding. There he became familiar with the
construction of components for both nuclear and fossil applica-
tions. His first assignment on coming to Foster Wheeler in 1993
was in the Technical Center as Manager of Metallurgical Services
later taking on the additional responsibility of the Welding
Laboratory. In 1998 Joel Feldstein assumed the responsibility of
Chief Welding Engineer.
Joel Feldstein, who is currently Chairman of the ASME B&PV
Code Standards Committee and a member of the Board on
Pressure Technology Codes & Standards began his ASME Code
involvement with the Subcommittee on Welding (the responsible
subcommittee for Section IX) in 1986. In 1992 he became
Chairman of the Subcommittee on Welding and became a mem-
ber of the B&PVC Standards Committee. He is a recipient of the
J Hall Taylor Medal from ASME for the advancement of stan-
dards for welding in pressure vessel and piping construction. He
has also been an active member of the Subcommittee on Boilers
(Section I).
Joel Feldstein is also active in other professional societies
including AWS and the Welding Research Council where he
served as Chairman of the Stainless Steel Subcommittee, the High
Alloys Committee and a member of their Board of Directors.
FLETCHER, JOHN
John Fletcher earned a masters degree in
Plasma Physics and spent the early part of
his career as a researcher on the South
African Tokomak, Tokoloshe. He spent
13 years in a Research & Development
environment and during this period
authored and co authored five papers in
international research journals and thirteen
contributions to international conferences.
He then spent 10 years as project manager in the South African
power generation industry, managing projects on fossil plants
and the Koeberg nuclear power plant.
John Fletcher is currently employed at PBMR, with the
responsibility for the development and implementation of an
ISI program for PBMR. John Fletcher serves as the Chair of
the Special Working Group HTGRs established in February
2004.
The SWG has the charter to rewrite SC XI Division 2 Rules
for Inspection and Testing of Gas-cooled plants. This SWG has
produced a first complete draft of a rewritten SC XI Div 2 for
Gas Reactors. The draft introduces the concept of Reliability
and Integrity Management (RIM) program that provides the
rules and requirements for the creation of the RIM Program for
the Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHR)
type.
GERAETS, LUC H.
Dr. Geraets has an M.S. Degree and a
Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering from the
University of Louvain in Belgium. He also
holds an MBA from the Mons Poly-
technical Institute (Mons, Belgium). He is
an expert in the design of mechanical
equipment and piping, seismic engineer-
ing, and the ASME Section III pressure
component code. His fields of expertise
include thermal transient, fatigue, water hammer, vibration,
pipe rupture, dynamic analysis, finite element stress analysis,
inelastic analysis, code compliance, inelastic response of piping,
and fitness-for-service criteria. Dr. Geraets’ extensive background
in engineering mechanics in the areas of analysis, design, criteria
development, and management of projects rest on 35 years of
engineering experience with the various metamorphisms
(Tractionel, Tractebel, SUEZ) of GDF SUEZ, including 20 years
in the analysis and design of power plant buildings, mechanical
equipment, and supports. He has participated in all phases of
power projects including conceptual studies, licensing, design,
construction, as-built, modifications, and resolution of operating
problems. Based in Brussels (Belgium), Dr. Geraets is now in
charge of Strategy, Business Development and Research for the
Nuclear Activities Division of GDF SUEZ.
Dr. Geraets joined the ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping
Division in 1983. He has published several Conference papers. A
founding member of the Seismic Engineering Technical Committee,
of which he has occupied various Offices, including Chairmanship
(1995–1999), he has been the first International Coordinator of PVP
between 2001 and 2004. In 2004, Dr. Geraets became a member of
the Executive Committee of the PVP Division, in charge of Honors
and Awards from 2004 to 2008, and Vice Chair and Secretary for
2008–2009. He served as Technical Program Chair of the 2008
Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference in Chicago, and will be the
Conference Chair for the 2009 PVP Conference in Prague, Czech
Republic.
Dr. Geraets is a Fellow of ASME. He has been extensively
involved with ASME Code activities, strongly promoting the
development of Code knowledge in Belgium, through various
means including participation to Section III Code Committees; he
has been a member of both the Working Group on Piping and the
Working Group on Components Supports between 1984 and
1994. Dr. Geraets has been awarded the Calvin W. Rice Lecture
Award in 2008.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xvii
GIMPLE, RICHARD E.
Richard Gimple has a BSME from Kansas
State University (1974) and is a Registered
Professional Engineer. Since 1982 he has
been employed by the Wolf Creek Nuclear
Operating Corporation. Previous employ-
ment was with Sauder Custom Fabrication
(1979–1982) and Fluor Engineers and
Constructors (1974–1979).
As a nuclear utility employee, he has
primarily been involved in implementation of ASME’s Boiler
& Pressure Vessel Code Section III and Section XI during
construction and operation activities. Previous non-nuclear
experience involved Section VIII pressure vessel and heat
exchanger design and construction. At present, as a Principal
Engineer, Mr. Gimple provides company wide assistance in
the use of ASME Codes, with emphasis on Section III and
Section XI.
Mr. Gimple has been active in the Codes and Standards devel-
opment process since 1984. Mr. Gimple was the 2005 recipient of
the ASME Bernard F. Langer Nuclear Codes and Standards
Award. He is currently a member of the B&PV Standards
Committee (since 2000), the Subcommittee on Inservice
Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components (since 1994, serv-
ing 5 years as Chairman of Subcommittee XI during 2000–2004),
the Section XI Executive Committee (since 1992), and the
Subgroup on Repair/Replacement Activities (since 1987, serving
as Chairman for 7 of those years). Past Codes and Standards par-
ticipation included 6 years on the Board on Nuclear Codes and
Standards and memberships on the Subcommittee on Nuclear
Accreditation, Subgroup on Design (in Section III), and three
Section XI Working Groups.
GORMAN, JEFFREY A.
Jeff Gorman has been working on materials
issues related to nuclear power since 1959,
when he was assigned to Naval Reactors. He
studied civil engineering at Cornell before
working for Naval Reactors. After leaving
the Navy, he did graduate work in engineer-
ing science, with emphasis on materials sci-
ence, at CalTech. Since 1968 he has worked
as a consulting engineer in the civilian
nuclear power program, with most of his work involving materials,
corrosion, stress analysis and fracture mechanics.
In 1980, Dr. Gorman was a co-founder of Dominion
Engineering, Inc., and is still actively working for the company. A
significant part of his consulting work has been for EPRI. His
work for EPRI has included preparation of many workshop pro-
ceedings involving PWR steam generator technology, preparation
of topical reports on materials and corrosion issues, and assisting
in revision of water chemistry guidelines. He has also worked
extensively for utilities and other industrial organizations on
materials and corrosion issues, such as evaluation of the causes of
failures of pressure vessels and piping, and developing predictions
of the probable rate of failure of PWR steam generator tubes. Dr.
Gorman is a registered professional engineer and is a member of
AMS, NACE and ANS.
GOSSELIN, STEPHEN R. (STEVE)
Steve Gosselin is a Senior Principal Con-
sultant at Scandpower Risk Management
(SRM) with over 30 years nuclear power
industry experience. Prior to joining the
SRM team in 2008, Mr. Gosselin was Chief
Engineer in the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL) Materials and Engi-
neering Mechanics Group (1998–2008) and
a Project Manager at Electric Power
Research Institute (EPRI) from 1993–1998. His work has focused
primarily on fitness-for-service, structural integrity, safety, and relia-
bility of pressure vessels and piping components. He has made sig-
nificant contributions in the areas of fatigue analyses and flaw toler-
ance methodologies for nuclear pressure vessel and piping
components, environmental fatigue computational methods, fatigue
crack flaw detection probability, on-line fatigue monitoring, and the
development of risk-informed inservice inspection and reliability
integrity management programs for nuclear power plant vessel and
piping components.
Mr. Gosselin’s computational expertise is complemented by
over 13 years experience in system engineering and mechanical
design analyses at Westinghouse and Combustion Engineering
PWR commercial nuclear power plants and 8 years operating
experience on U.S. Navy SIC, S5W, and S3G submarine nuclear
power plant designs.
Mr. Gosselin is an ASME Fellow (2009) and is a member of the
ASME Section XI Working Group on Operating Plant Criteria,
ASME Section XI Special Working Group on High Temperature
Gas Cooled Reactors, and the ASME Committee on Nuclear Risk
Management (CNRM) Subcommittee on Applications. His work
has resulted in improved Code rules for operating nuclear power
plant piping and vessel component fitness-for-service (ASME
Section XI Non-mandatory Appendices E and L) and risk-informed
inservice inspection (Code Case N-578).
Mr. Gosselin has a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering
from the California State Polytechnic University (1980) and a
M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of
North Carolina at Charlotte (1998). He is a registered professional
engineer in California. Mr. Gosselin has published 45 papers, arti-
cles, and reports in the open literature and is a consulting expert
to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the areas of
plant life extension, design reconciliation and risk-informed inser-
vice inspection.
GRABER, HAROLD C.
Harold Graber works as an Independent
Consultant. Previously he was with the
Babcock Wilcox Company in the Nuclear
Equipment Division for 34 years. He was
Manager of NDT Operations and Manager
of Quality Assurance Engineering. Harold
Graber is a Member of ASME for 15 years.
He is an active participant on the B&PV
Code, Subcommittee V on Nondestructive
Examination. He was Vice Chair Subcommittee V; Chair,
Subgroup on Surface Examination. He was Member of
Subcommittee V on Nondestructive Examination, Subgroup of
xviii • Contributor Biographies
Volumetric Examination, Subgroup on Personnel Qualification
and Inquiries.
Harold Graber is a Member, American Society for Testing
Materials (ASTM) for 26 years. He was Chairman, Subcommittee
E7.01 on Radiology. His Committee memberships include Com-
mittee E-7 on Nondestructive Examination, Subcommittee
E7.02—Reference Radiological Images, Subcommittee E7.06–
Ultrasonic Method. He is a Member, American Society for
Nondestructive Testing (ASNT). He is a Past Chair, Cleveland,
Ohio Section—1971.
Harold Graber is the recipient of ASTM Merit Fellow Award
(1992); ASTM Committee E-7—C.W Briggs Award (1989);
ASNT Fellow Award (1978). His Certifications include ASNT;
Level III certificates in Radiography, Ultrasonic, Liquid Penetrant
and Magnetic Particle Methods.
GRANDMANGE, JEAN-MARIE
After graduating in 1972 from the Applied
Physics Department of the Institut National
Des Science Appliquées in Lyon (France),
Jean-Marie Grandemange was a research
engineer at the Ecole des Mines research
laboratory in Paris, where for three years he
worked in the field of fractures mechanics.
He joined the Framatome Group in 1976,
working initially in the Safety Dept. on the
safety of mechanical components (design assumptions and criteria).
He then moved on to the Primary Components Division, working in
the Materials and Technology Dept., where he was in charge of the
“Design” section from 1981 to 1997, and later Assistant to the head
of department. He was named Senior Consultant in 1996.
Since 1978 he has led the Editorial Group in charge of writing
the RCC-M design rules. He became a member of the RCC-M
Sub-Committee in 1984 and was appointed Chairman of the com-
mittee in 1989. Since 1989 he has been responsible for
Framatome’s contribution to the preparatory work for the con-
struction joint rules for use in the EPR project.
He led the Framatome Structural Analysis Group during the
period 1989–1995, representing the company in the Cetim
Boilerwork Commission, the RSE-M sub-committee responsible
for in-service component inspection rules, and the Working
Group on Codes and Standards (WGCS) organized by the
European Commission.
Since 1986, he has been the manufacturer’s designated expert
both to the CCAP (French Central Commission for Pressure-
Retaining Equipment) and its Permanent Nuclear Section (SPN) in
charge of regulatory text discussion and application. He has lectured
in several courses organized by Framatome, EDF, various French
Institutes and run seminars in South Korea, Taiwan and China.
GRIESBACH, TIMOTHY J.
Timothy J. Griesbach earned a B.S. in 1972
and M.S. in 1974 in Metallurgy and
Materials Science from Case Western
Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. He
is currently an Associate with Structural
Integrity Associates (SI) in San Jose,
California. Before joining Structural
Integrity Associates, Mr. Griesbach was the
Director of Technical Services for ATI
Consulting. Mr. Griesbach was a Project Manager with the Electric
Power Research Institute (EPRI) from 1982 to 1993 where he
managed programs on reactor vessel integrity, research on neutron
irradiation embrittlement, vessel material toughness properties,
fracture mechanics methods, and management of reactor vessel
integrity issues including pressurized thermal shock. From 1977 to
1982 he was a Principal Engineer at Combustion Engineering
responsible for evaluating the response of nuclear systems and
components to severe loading conditions using advanced finite ele-
ment techniques. From 1974 to 1977 Mr. Griesbach was a
Materials Engineer with Pratt & Whitney Aircraft where he was a
member of a select research team developing a unique process to
produce diffusion bonded jet turbine blades.
Mr. Griesbach is a member of ASME and the American
Nuclear Society, and he has been a member of Section XI since
1989. He is chairman of the Working Group on Operating Criteria
whose charter is to develop and maintain the Code criteria for
operating pressure vs. temperature limits, operating plant fatigue
assessment, and related operating plant issues. He is also a mem-
ber of the Working Group on Flaw Evaluation and Subgroup on
Evaluation Standards.
Mr. Griesbach specializes in evaluation of aging degradation
mechanisms for nuclear components, including developing data-
bases and modeling predictions on irradiated materials behavior.
He has taught courses on managing the integrity of reactor pres-
sure vessels for extended vessel life, and he has written numerous
technical papers on these topics.
GRIFFIN, DONALD S.
Dr. Don Griffin has 30 years of experience
in the structural design, development, and
evaluation of nuclear reactor systems. At
Westinghouse he developed computer-
oriented methods of analysis, structural
design criteria, and design procedures for
naval, PWR, and fast breeder reactors. He
has directed structural analysis of static
and dynamic systems including effects of
fatigue, fracture, thermal shock, seismic, fluid-solid interactions,
and non linear and creep response of materials. He has personal
expertise in buckling and instability, inelastic analysis, and elevated-
temperature structural design. Current ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code activities include development of design limits for
high-temperature and creep buckling, and participation in the
Subgroup for Elevated-Temperature Design. Responsible for pre-
sentation and resolution of elevated-temperature structural design
issues raised during NRC licensing review of CRBRP.
Key relevant experience of Dr. Griffin includes Support of
integrity evaluation of the CRBRP Containment Vessel during
NRC licensing review; Responsibility for evaluation of Hanford
N Reactor pressure tube integrity and pressure tube rupture propa-
gation; Provided structures, seismic, and materials input to the
Westinghouse Independent Safety Review of Savannah River
Production Reactors; and In-depth review of the Loss of Coolant
Accident Design Basis for the Savannah River Production
Reactors – Leak Before Break Report.
Dr. Griffin is a Fellow of ASME, past Associate Editor of the
Journal of Applied Mechanics, past Chairman of the ASME
Pressure Vessel and Piping Division, a recipient of the ASME
PVP Medal, and author of 26 publications in applied mechanics,
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xix
computer methods, and elevated-temperature design. He has been
an active contributor to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
Section III, Subsection NH for elevated-temperature nuclear appli-
cations. Griffin earned his BME, Cornell University (1952), MS
(1953) and PhD (1959), at Stanford University.
HAFNER, RONALD S.
Ronald S. Hafner has more than 40 years
experience in a variety of disciplines ranging
from radar systems and nuclear instru-
mentation, to non-destructive testing using
gamma-ray sources and electronic devices,
to nuclear reactor- and tritium facility-
operations, to regulatory issues associated
with Department of Energy facilities and the
transportation, storage, and disposal of
radioactive materials. After a seven-and-a-half year enlistment in the
U.S. Air Force, he went to work at Sandia National Laboratories, in
Livermore, CA, in 1974, where he specialized in tritium operations
and tritium health physics. While at Sandia, he went back to school
and received his Bachelor of Science Degree from California State
University, Hayward, CA, in 1983, with a major in Physical
Sciences and a minor in Physics. In 1987, he moved to Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory where, for the first four years, he
worked in tritium operations and tritium facility management. In
1991, he moved to the Mechanical Engineering Division, where he
has been part of an engineering consulting organization.
His ASME activities started in 1993, with the Operations,
Applications, and Components Committee of the PVP Division.
Since that time, he has been involved with the development of
more than 90 PVPD Conference sessions on the Transportation,
Storage, and Disposal of radioactive materials. He is currently a
member of the Executive Committee of ASME’s Pressure Vessels
& Piping Division.
HALLEY, GEOFFREY M.
Geoffrey M Halley, P.E. holds degrees in
Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engi-
neering, and Engineering Administration
(Masters). He is a Registered Professional
Engineer in Illinois. From 1993 to the pre-
sent he is the President of Sji Consultants,
Inc., a technical consulting company, provid-
ing services to the boiler industry in the
areas of product design, development, trou-
ble shooting and forensic investigation/expert witness work. He has
40 years of boiler industry experience, ranging from research/prod-
uct development, design and applications/installation., primarily in
the institutional and industrial segments of the marketplace. He held
various positions at Kewanee Boiler Corporation from 1968 to 1986,
initially as Supervisor of Research and Development, and as Vice
President – Technical Director from 1979 onwards. From 1986
through 1992 he was president of Halcam Associates a Mechanical
Contracting Company specializing in commercial, institutional and
industrial design/build/service and repair of boiler and HVAC sys-
tems. From 1959 through 1968 he was employed in the Aerospace
and the Nuclear Engineering industries.
Geoffrey Halley was Chair of ABMA Joint Technical Committee
(1981–1986), and has been a member of several boiler industry
advisory groups to the USEPA and USDOE. He currently is ABMA
Director of Technical Affairs, and was Editor of ABMA Packaged
Boiler Engineering Manual. He has been an Instructor at boiler
industry technician training schools offered by ABMA/NBBI, and
boiler manufacturers. He has authored a number of papers on boiler
related topics, published in The National Board Bulletin, Boiler
Systems Engineering, and Maintenance Management.
Geoffrey Halley currently is a member of the ASME CSD-1
Committee, and the National Board Inspection Code Sub-committee
on Installation.
HANMORE, PETER
Peter has worked within the engineering
inspection industry since 1972. After joining
Commercial Union Assurance Company as
a metallurgist in the engineering laboratory
he moved into the New Construction
Department in 1984 and has been continu-
ously associated with inspection during the
manufacture of many types of work equip-
ment. Although qualified as a metallurgist he
has been involved in many related aspects of work equipment. He is
an Authorized Inspector Supervisor for the provision of ASME
Code services and maintains close links with that organization. Peter
is currently a member at Large of the Board of Directors of Codes
and Standards. His career within the inspection industry is extremely
varied and includes experience such as; Health and Safety Manager,
Quality Manager as well Project Manager for the obtaining notifica-
tion and subsequent implementation of services associated with the
Machinery, Lift and Pressure Equipment Directives.
Peter Hanmore has been associated with the Pressure
Equipment Directive for many years even before its publication
and represents the UK Inspection Bodies on many national and
European Committees. Peter represents Bureau Veritas (Notified
Body) at the European and UK Conformity Assessment Body
Forums for both machinery and pressure equipment. He is a Past-
Chairman of the European Conformity Assessment Body Forum
(CABF), for pressure equipment and currently Chairman of the
UK Notified Body Forum for machinery. During his period as
Chairman of the CABF he represented the notified bodies at
member states working group meetings; Working Group Pressure,
Working Party Guidelines and Working Party Materials, and is
still an active member of the latter.
Peter has provided numerous training courses on European
Directives and related topics throughout the world for various
organisations, e.g. ASME, IMechE, BSI, JSME, European
Commission as well as many workshops tailored to individual
manufacturers/users requirements.
HASEGAWA, KUNIO
Dr. Kunio Hasegawa graduated from
Tohoku University with a Doctor of
Engineering degree in 1973. He joined
Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd.,
over 30 years back. During his term at
Hitachi, he was also visiting professors of
Yokohama National University and
Kanazawa University for several years.
Since 2006, Dr. Hasegawa serves as a princi-
pal staff in Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES).
xx • Contributor Biographies
Dr. Kunio Hasegawa is a member of Japan Society of
Mechanical Engineers (JSME), and is a past member of the JSME
Fitness-for-Service Committee for nuclear facilities. He is also a
member of ASME and is involved in ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code Section XI Working Group, Subgroup and
Subcommittee activities. He has been active for three years as a
Technical Program Representative of Codes and Standards
Technical Committee in ASME PVP Division.
He has been involved with structural integrity for nuclear
power components, particularly, leak-before-break, fracture and
fatigue strengths for pipes with cracks and wall thinning, and flaw
characterizations for fitness-for-service procedures. Dr, Hasegawa
has published for over 100 technical papers in journals and con-
ference proceedings.
HECHMER, JOHN
Mr. John Hechmer has a degree in I
Mechanical Engineering from the
University I of Notre Dame (1957). He
joined the I Babcock & Wilcox Co. (now
owned by I McDermott, Inc.) for design
and analysis I work for pressure vessels.
His work was I primarily for the power
generation and I defense industries. His
experience included project and engineer-
ing management, technology development, and management. His
Power Generation products were for both BWR and PWR nuclear
electric plants. Defense Industries work addressed Class 1 pres-
sure vessels for the nuclear navy program, primarily nuclear reac-
tors and steam generators for aircraft carriers and submarines.
Research products included Breeder Reactor Program, Sodium-
steam Generator, Molten Salt Steam Generator. Technology
Development was spent in developing tools and procedures for
design-analysis interfacing with the Research Center and
Engineering Fabrication of Babcock & Wilcox Co. This was
enhanced by many years of participation in ASME B&PV
Committees, PVRC, and PV&P Conferences. These engineering
efforts occurred for 40 years.
Mr. John Hechmer has more than 25 publications, addressing
primary and secondary stress evaluation, stress intensity factors,
finite element methods and its applications, brittle fracture, weld-
ing capability for fatigue, and material’s characteristic, examples
of this are PVRC Bulletins #429 (3D Stress Criteria Guidelines
For Application) and #432 (Fatigue-Strength-Reduction Factors
for Welds Based on NDE).
HEDDEN, OWEN F.
Owen F. Hedden retired from ABB
Combustion Engineering in 1994 after over
25 years of ASME B&PV Committee
activities with company support. His res-
ponsibilities included reactor vessel speci-
fications, safety codes and standards, and
interpretation of the B&PV Code and other
industry standards. He Continued working
part-time for that organization into 2002.
Subsequently, he has been a part-time consultant to the ITER pro-
ject and several other organizations. Prior to joining ABB he was
with Foster Wheeler Corporation (1956–1967), Naval Nuclear
program. Since 1968 Mr. Hedden has been active in the Section
XI Code Committee, Secretary (1976–1978), Chair (1991–2000).
In addition to Section XI, Owen has been a member of the ASME
C&S Board on Nuclear Codes and Standards, the Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Committee, and B&PV Subcommittees on Power
Boilers, Design, and Nondestructive Examination. He is active in
ASME’s PVP Division. Mr Hedden was the first Chair of the
NDE Engineering Division 1982–1984. He has presented ASME
Code short courses in the US and overseas. He was educated at
Antioch College and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
His publications are in the ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel
Technology, WRC Bulletins and in the Proceedings of ASME
PVP, ICONE, IIW, ASM, and SPIE. He is an ASME Fellow
(1985), received the Dedicated Service Award (1991), and the
ASME Bernard F. Langer Nuclear Codes and Standards Award in
1994.
HENRY, PHILIP A.
Mr. Henry, Principal Engineer for the
Equity Engineering Group in Shaker
Heights, Ohio, is a specialist in the design,
installation, sizing and selection of pressure
relief devices and relieving systems. He is
currently chairman of the API Pressure
Relieving System Subcommittee’s Task
Force on RP 520 related to the design and
installation of pressure relieving systems.
He conducts audits of pressure relieving systems to ensure compli-
ance with OSHA PSM legislation and ASME, API and DIERs
standards, codes and publications. He also teaches the official API
Pressure Relieving Systems course.
Mr. Henry is actively involved in the development of technolo-
gy for the API Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) methodology. He is
co-author of the re-write of API 581, Risked-Based Inspection
Base Resource Document and is responsible for the development
and implementation of Risk-Based Inspection programs for pres-
sure relief valves and heat exchanger bundles at refining and
petrochemical plants. He also teaches the official API 580/581
Risk-Based Inspection course.
Mr. Henry provides technical support and engineering consulting
to all levels of refinery capital projects. He has been responsible for
the preparation of purchase specifications, bid tabulations, design
reviews and the development and validation of approved vendors
lists. He conducts project safety reviews for construction and pre-
startup phases of major capital projects. His responsibilities include
developing and maintaining engineering specifications in the pres-
sure relief and heat transfer areas and providing overall coordination.
Mr. Henry is a registered Professional Engineer in the States of
Ohio and Texas.
HILL III, RALPH S.
Ralph S. Hill III is a Consulting Engineer
with Westinghouse Electric Company in
Pittsburgh, PA. He has over 30 years of
technical and management experience
including more than eighteen years in
planning, engineering design, construction,
and modification for the nuclear power
industry and fourteen years providing
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xxi
strategic planning, system engineering, risk management, process
evaluation, and project management consulting services to the
U.S. Department of Energy in spent nuclear fuel, radioactive
waste management, and nuclear materials disposition-related
projects.
Mr. Hill is a Member of the ASME Board on Nuclear Codes
and Standards where he serves as Chairman of the Risk
Management Task Group. Mr. Hill is actively involved in bringing
risk-informed probabilistic design methods into the ASME Code
and initiatives to support both advanced and next-generation
nuclear reactors.
HSU, KAIHWA ROBERT
Kaihwa Robert Hsu earned a B.S. in Civil
Engineering from Chung Yuan Christian
College, and an M.S. from University of
South Carolina. He has thirty years experi-
ence applying engineering principles, devel-
oping computer codes of corrosion erosion
monitoring system, fatigue cycle monitoring
system, fatigue crack growth, and fracture
mechanics evaluation for nuclear industry.
From 1981 until 2003, he worked in Westinghouse and has been
involved in the areas of stress analysis, fatigue, fracture mechanics,
leak before break, residual stress, primary water stress corrosion
crack, and ASME Code related analyses pertaining to PWR.
Mr. Hsu is currently a senior engineer with U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC). He is a key member in the development of
the review and audit process improvement for aging management
reviews. He is an audit team leader for license renewal application,
responsible for metal fatigue time-limited aging analyses (TLAA)
and aging management programs (AMPs) audit and review.
Publications of Kaihwa Robert Hsu are in the Proceedings of
ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, the Proceedings
of 10th Environmental Degradation Conference, and the Proceedings
of 8th International Conference of Nuclear Engineering.
HOLLINGER, GREG L.
Greg L. Hollinger is a Senior Principal
Engineer for BWX Technologies, Inc. in
Barberton, Ohio. He has responsibility
for Mechanical/Structural Technology App-
lications and Design Analysis of Navy
Nuclear Pressure Vessel Components
and use of the ASME Boiler & Pressure
Vessel Code. He chairs the Engineering
Department’s Technical Support Team res-
ponsible for developing technology procedures. He is involved with
both nuclear and non-nuclear ASME Certificates of Authorization
for BWXT’s Nuclear Equipment Division.
Greg is a Fellow Member of ASME, and was the 2004 recipi-
ent of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Medal. He is the
Chairman of the Subgroup on Design Analysis of the Sub-
committee on Design of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code. Greg is a member of the Pressure Vessel Research Council
(PVRC) and the International Council on Pressure Vessel
Technology (ICPVT). He has served on several Boards within the
ASME Council on Codes and Standards, and he served as Chair
of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division in 1995.
Greg is an Registered Professional Engineer (Ohio) with
30 years of engineering practice in power-related industries.
HUNT, STEPHEN
Since receiving his BSME from Purdue
University in 1995, Steve Hunt has been
involved in equipment design, stress analy-
sis and root cause failure analysis of
mechanical equipment primarily for the
commercial nuclear power and offshore oil
industries. This work has included com-
mercial and research nuclear power plants,
fossil power plants, floating and fixed off-
shore oil/gas production facilities, deep diving submersibles, large
optical telescopes, tower cranes, paper mills, and chemical plants.
In 1980, Steve Hunt was a co-founder of Dominion
Engineering, Inc., and he is currently a Principal Officer. A signif-
icant part of Mr. Hunt’s recent consulting work has been for the
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Major areas of effort
have included primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC)
of Alloy 600 material, boric acid corrosion, leakage reduction
technology, and life cycle management. Publications for EPRI
have included many documents related to Alloy 600 PWSCC, the
Boric Acid Corrosion Guidebook, and most of the Sealing
Technology and Plant Leakage Reduction Series reports. Mr.
Hunt also works extensively for electric utilities in the areas of
Alloy 600 PWSCC failure analysis and strategic planning, life
cycle management, and root cause failure analysis. Mr. Hunt also
provides technical consulting in the areas of offshore oil produc-
tion facilities, high pressure sealing technology, large diameter
bearings, and pressure vessel failure analysis. Mr. Hunt has
authored several hundred reports for a wide range of clients and
holds several patents. Mr. Hunt is a registered professional engi-
neer and is a member of ASME and IEEE.
ISOMURA, TOSHIO
Toshio Isomura is a mechanical engineer
with over 30 years of experience in all of the
aspects of pressure vessels for petro and
petrochemical plants. After graduating from
Mechanical Engineering of Osaka Uni-
versity in 1972, he joined Chiyoda
Chemical Engineering and Construction Co.
Ltd, and was engaged in the design and
development works of pressure vessels.
He started his new career in the High Pressure Gas Safety
Institute of Japan at their Inspection and Certification Department
in 2000, and is a manager of technical assessment division from
2006 succeeding Mr. Kajimura. At present, his main work is tech-
nical assessments of the technologies of non-standard pressure
vessels for the special appraisal under the High Pressure Gas
Safety Laws and the standardization tasks for technologies of
pressure vessel designs, including Fitness-for-Service code.
He is also a member of the JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)
Pressure Vessels Technical Committee and contributes to the main-
tenance of existing JIS codes and development of new JIS codes.
He has also been involved with ISO/TC11 activities and
Japanese committees and is the secretary of ISO/TC11/WG10
since 2006
xxii • Contributor Biographies
JETTER, ROBERT I.
Mr. Jetter has over 40 years experience in
the design and structural evaluation of
nuclear components and systems for ele-
vated temperature service where the effects
of creep are significant. He was a contribu-
tor to the original ASME Code Cases
eventually leading to Subsection NH. For
over 20 years he was Chair of the
Subgroup on Elevated Temperature Design
responsible for the design criteria for elevated temperature
nuclear components. He was Chair of the Subgroup on Elevated
Temperature Construction, Vice Chairman of the Subcommittee
on Design and a member of the Subcommittee on Nuclear Power.
He currently again chairs the SG-ETD. Mr. Jetter has participated
in domestic and international symposia on the elevated tempera-
ture design criteria. He was a member of a Department of Energy
(DOE) steering committee responsible for the design criteria, and
was a consultant and reviewer on various DOE projects. As a long
time employee of Rockwell International/Atomics International,
he was associated from the early sodium cooled reactors and
space power plants through all the US LMFBR programs.
Recently he was an International Fellow for the Power Reactor
and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation at the Monju Fast
Breeder Reactor site in Japan. He is a graduate in Mechanical
Engineering from Cal Tech (BS) and Stanford (MS) and has a
degree from UCLA in Executive Management. He is a fellow of
the ASME.
JONES, DAVID P.
Dr. Jones has 40 years experience in struc-
tural design analysis and is lead consultant
and developer on structural design proce-
dures for SDB-63 (Structural Design Basis,
Bureau of Ships, Navy Dept., Washington,
D.C.). Dr. Jones is an expert on brittle frac-
ture, fatigue crack growth, fatigue crack ini-
tiation, elastic and elastic-plastic finite ele-
ment methods, elastic and elastic-plastic
perforated plate methods, limit load technology, linear and non-lin-
ear computational methods and computer applications for structural
mechanics. Dr. Jones’s key contributions have been developing com-
puter programs that allow use of complex three-dimensional finite
element stress and strain results for the evaluation of ASME struc-
tural design stress limits. He introduced numerical methods to com-
pute fatigue usage factors, fatigue crack growth, brittle fracture
design margins and the like that have now become standards for use
in naval nuclear design. He is currently working on using finite ele-
ment elastic-plastic analysis tools for evaluation of limit load,
fatigue, shakedown, and ratchet failure modes.
Dr. Jones has been an active contributor to the ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code Committees; secretary and member of
Subgroup on Fatigue strength, Member and chairman of the
Subgroup on Design Analysis, Chairman of the Subcommittee on
Design, and Chairman of the Task Force on Elastic-Plastic FEA.
Dr. Jones was Chairman of Metal Properties Council Task Force
on Fatigue Crack Growth Technology. He has also served as
Associate Editor of the ASME Journal of Pressure Vessels and
Piping. He has published over thirty papers on the topics of
fatigue, fatigue crack growth, fracture mechanics, perforated plate
technology, computational structural mechanics methods, non-
linear structural analysis methods, finite element code development
for fracture mechanics applications, finite element applications for
perforated plate analysis (elastic and elastic-plastic), post-
processing finite element results for ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code Section III assessment, limit load technology, and
elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. He has been awarded ASME
PVP Literature Award – Outstanding Survey Paper of 1992 in
ASME Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping and ASME PVPD
Conference Award – Outstanding Technical Paper form Codes &
Standards – July 26, 2000. Dr. Jones received his BS and MS
degrees from the University of Toledo in 1967 and 1968 and his
PhD from Carnegie Mellon University in 1972. Dr. Jones is a
member of ASME and has worked at the Bettis Atomic Power
Laboratory in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania since 1968 where he
currently holds the position of Consultant Engineer.
JO, JONG CHULL
Dr. Jong Chull Jo is a mechanical engineer
who graduated from Hanyang University,
Seoul, Korea in 1979, and obtained his M.S.
and Ph. D. degrees from the same university
in 1981 and 1985, respectively. Currently, he
is a technical consultant of the Organisation
for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD), Nuclear Energy Agency in the area
of Nuclear Safety and Regulation and con-
currently is affiliated as a principal researcher with the Korea Institute
of Nuclear Safety (KINS) Daejon, Korea for which he has been
working since 1986. Before that, he worked as a full-time lecturer
and subsequently an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Department at Induk College, Seoul for 5 years.
Dr. Jo’s job for over the past two decades relates to the safety
regulation of nuclear reactors including safety inspection and
licensing review, preparing regulatory requirements and guides,
and developing nuclear regulatory technology.
Dr. Jo was Head of Safety Issue Research Department at KINS
and concurrently Project Manager of the Regulatory Framework
Development for an Integral–Type Pressurized Water Reactor
Licensing. He served as a member of the Korean National
Technology Road Map Committee and a member of the National
R&D Projects Evaluation Committee. He lectured extensively on
the technologies for evaluation and resolution of nuclear reactor
safety issues at National Research Institutions, Academic
Conferences, Engineering Companies and Universities in Korea,
and served as a lecturer from 2003–2005 at the Graduate School
of Jeonju University, Korea.
Dr. Jo has been a member of the ASME Pressure Vessels and
Piping Division (PVPD) since 1999 and has been serving as Chair
of the PVPD Fluid-Structure Interaction Technical Committee since
July of 2008. He has also been serving as Chair of the Fluid-
Structure Interaction Division of the Korean Society of Pressure
Vessels and Piping since 2004. He has been a member of the Korean
Society of Mechanical Engineers since 1981, a member of the
Korean Nuclear Society since 1986, and a member of the Korea
Foundation of Science and Technology since 2003. He has pub-
lished about 50 technical journal papers and over 100 conference
proceeding papers. He has also co-authored or co-edited many
monographs and books. He has been invited as a peer reviewer of
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xxiii
contributing papers for several archival journals such as ASME
Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, Journal of Numerical Heat
Transfer, Journal of Numerical Heat and Mass Transfer, Journal of
Nuclear Engineering and Design.
Dr. Jo received ‘Korean Prime Ministerial Citation’ for recog-
nizing contribution to the promotion of science and technology in
1994 and ‘Korean Presidential Citation’ for contribution to devel-
opment of science and technology in 2004.
KAJIMURA, YOSHINORI
Yoshinori Kajimura has a Mechanical
Engineering B.S. (1966) from Hiroshima
University. He has more than 30 years of
experience in the design of all kinds of
pressure vessels including multi-layered
pressure vessels for oil refinery, petro-
chemical industries and so on for Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries, Hiroshima Works as a
manager of design.
He began his career in The High Pressure Gas Safety Institutes
of Japan (called KHK) at their Inspection and Certification
Department in 1995. He responsible as the manager of technical
assessment and special appraisal for the pressure vessels under
the High Pressure Gas Safety Law and their regulations.
He also has been an active member of the committee of JIS
(Japanese Industrials Standards) for pressure vessels since 1990
and also contributes to the development and restructuring of the
standards for pressure vessels in Japan.
He has also been involved in ISO/TC11 activities and Japanese
committee since 1997 at the restart of ISO/TC11 activities and he
began to be the secretariat of ISO/TCI11/WG10 since 2003.
KANEDA, MASAHIKO
Masahiko Kaneda is Senior Vice President
of Mitsubishi Nuclear Energy Systems, Inc.
He has more than thirty years of experience
in development and management of nuclear
power plant design in Japan. Mr. Kaneda
received a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering
from Seikei Univ. in Tokyo, Japan in 1978.
From September 2006 to March 2008, he
was employed by MHI in Tokyo, Japan as
the General Manager of Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor
Promoting Department, Nuclear Energy Systems Headquarters. He
directed all aspects of the APWR Promoting Department’s opera-
tions to control activities such as Design Certification of US-APWR,
Luminant Project and Potential Customer Engineering. From
October 2005 to August 2006, he was employed by MHI in Hyogo,
Japan as the General Manager of the Water Reactor Engineering
Department, Nuclear Energy Systems Engineering Center, Nuclear
Energy Systems Headquarters.
Under the direction of Mr. Kaneda, The Water Reactor
Engineering Department got involved in the conceptual and basic
design of the entire nuclear power plant facility, and consisted of
various sections specialized in the system design, layout design,
structural and seismic design, electrical design, instrumentation and
control design, turbine system design, and water reactor engineer-
ing. In this position, Mr. Kaneda directed the entire operations of the
Water Reactor Engineering Department and he established the
department’s annual operational goals, and planned the budget and
resources needed for the achievement of annual operation goals.
Thus, Mr. Masahiko Kaneda has nearly three decades of expe-
rience related to plant design for nuclear power plants such as
Japanese prototype FBR, Monju and many commercial PWRs in
Japan. He is not only a specialist for plant layout design but seis-
mic design as well. Currently, as the General Manager of APWR
Promoting Department, Nuclear Energy Systems Headquarters in
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD Japan, he is responsible for the
promotion of US-APWR.
KARASAWA, TOSHIKI
The late Toshiki Karasawa graduated with
honors form Yamanashi University with a
B.E in Mechanical Engineering in 1973.
Since graduating, his career had focused on
nuclear power technology in Tokyo Electric
Power Company (TEPCO). He had more
than 30 years of broad experience in Design,
Manufacturing, Inspection, Quality Assu-
rance (QA) and Nuclear Fuel. He was the
general manager of QA of Nuclear Division at the time of his pass-
ing away in March 2008.
During 1980’s, Mr. Karasawa demonstrated excellent leader-
ship to introduce ASME Boiler and Pressure Code Sec. III to
METI (Ministry on Economy, trade and Industry) Notification
No.501, which regulated the detail design and manufacturing of
equipment for nuclear power plant in Japan. Following that, he
had been contributing to develop Codes and Standards (C&S) in
Japan and ASME.
Mr. Karasawa was a member of ASME, a Member-at-large of
Board on International Standards (BIS) of CCS, since 1997. His
report entitled “ASME Success Story in Japan” was favorably
received at BIS meeting in June 2003.
Mr. Karasawa was a member of Japan Society of Mechanical
Engineers (JSME) and serves as a Secretary of C&S Main
Committee since 2001. He was a member of Nuclear C&S Main
Committee of Japan Electric Association (JEA) and he served as
Vice Chair of QA committee and Chair QA Sub-committee. He
was a member of Structural Design Sub-committee in Thermal
and Nuclear Power Engineering Society (TENPES). He was a
member of The Japan Welding Engineering Society (JWES) and
served as Secretary of Codes and Accreditation Committee since
2001. He was an Executive member of Atomic Energy Society of
Japan (AESJ) since 1999 up untill his passing away.
Mr. Karasawa resided in Yokohama City Kanagawa Prefecture,
with his wife, Chiharu, and two daughters, Mayumi and Hanae.
KARCHER, GUIDO G.
Guido G. Karcher, P.E. is a consulting engi-
neer with over 48 years of experience in the
mechanical engineering aspects of pressure
containing equipment. He retired from the
Exxon Research and Engineering Co. after
serving 30 years as an internationally recog-
nized engineering advisor on pressure ves-
sel, heat exchangers, piping and tankage
xxiv • Contributor Biographies
design, construction and maintenance. On retire from Exxon
Research & Engineering Co. in 1994; he became a Consulting
Engineer on fixed equipment for the petrochemical industry and
related industry codes and standards. Guido has also functioned as
the Technical Director of the Pressure Vessel Manufactures
Association, for 15 years, in the areas of mass produced pressure
vessel construction and inspection requirements.
Guido’s code activities include over 35 years of participation
in ASME, PVRC and API Codes and Standards activities serv-
ing on numerous committees and technical development task
groups. He was elected to the position of Chairman of the
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Standards Committee for two
terms of office (2001–2007) and was elected to the office of
Vice President Pressure Technology Codes and Standards
(2005–2008). Guido also served as Chairman of the Pressure
Vessel Research Council and the American Petroleum Institute
Subcommittee on Pressure Vessels and Tanks. He has written
numerous technical papers on subjects related to pressure con-
taining equipment.
Guido is an ASME Life Fellow and a recipient of the J. Hall
Taylor Medal for outstanding contributions in the development of
ASME Pressure Technology Codes and Standards. Guido was
also recently awarded the 2007 Melvin R. Green Codes and
Standards Medal for outstanding contributions to the development
and promulgation of ASME Codes and Standards within the USA
and Internationally. Other awards include the API Resolution of
Appreciation and Honorary Emeritus Membership of Pressure
Vessel Research Council. He earned a B.S.M.E. from Pratt
Institute and M.S.M.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and
is a registered Professional Engineer in the States of New York
and New Jersey.
KOSTAREV, VICTOR V.
Victor V. Kostarev is a Mechanical
Engineering (Gas and Steam Turbines)
graduate of Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic
University, Russia. He earned his Ph.D.
degree in 1979 for investigation of self-
excited vibration of high speed rotors of
supercritical steam turbines.
His professional career includes over
35 years experience in analysis and
qualification of structures, systems, piping and components for
vibration, operational, seismic loads and design basis
accidental loads of nuclear power plants and other facilities in
different industries. Dr. Kostarev is a founder of the State
Laboratory for seismic and external events protection of SSC in
CKTI Institute (1977). Then he established in 1992 a private
Structural – Mechanical Engineering Company located in
Saint-Petersburg, Russia (www.cvs.spb.su) where he is the
president up to date. He is an author of more than 50 papers
and 10 inventions.
V.Kostarev is a consultant for International Atomic Energy
Agency. He is a member of ASME BPVC Nuclear Section III
Subcommittee on Nuclear Power and Section III ASME BPVC
Working Group on Piping. Victor Kostarev has been the volunteer
ASME corresponding author/representative in Russia.
KOVES, WILLIAM J.
William Koves, Ph.D., P.E., ASME Fellow,
is a Senior Engineering Fellow at UOP, a
high technology company that develops
and licenses process and related equipment
technology in the petrochemical, process
and related industries.
Dr. Koves has 40 years of experience in
the design, analysis and troubleshooting of
equipment and structures including air-
craft, nuclear reactors, and petrochemical equipment. His special-
ties include stress analysis, fracture, elevated temperature design,
heat transfer, stability, vibration, fatigue, fluid mechanics, and
mechanics of granular solids.
Dr. Koves is author of numerous publications in the field and
holder of 24 US and 3 European patents. He has been very
involved with numerous ASME and PVRC committees includ-
ing, Past Chair of ASME B31.3 Process Piping Committee,
Chair of ASME B31 Mechanical Design Committee, Member
of the B31 Standards Committee, Member of ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Subcommittee on Design Analysis, Elevated
Temperature Design, Special Working Group on Design of
Bolted Flange Joints and member of the Post Construction
Standards Committee and Subcommittee on Repair.
Dr. Koves was Vice-Chair of the Pressure Vessel Research
Council (PVRC), Member of PVRC Committee on Piping and
Nozzles, Chair of PVRC Committee on Elevated Temperature
Design, Chair of PVRC Subcommittee on Shell Intersections,
and Past the Chair of the Post Construction Flaw Evaluation
Committee and Member of the Main and Executive
Committees.
KRECKEL, DIETER
Dieter Kreckel graduated in 1968 from the
FH Bingen, Germany with a Dipl.-Ing.
(FH) specializing in mechanical/chemical
engineering. Dieter Kreckel started his
active profession in 1968 within the
Department of Engineering and Lay out,
piping and components of the UHDE
GmbH Company. The nuclear activities
that he started in 1971 continue to this
date. He is with AREVA NP GmbH (ex. Framatome ANP GmbH,
ex. Siemens NP, and ex. KWU).
Dieter Kreckel’s work experience includes Engineering compo-
nents of BWR and PWR, Co-ordination of equipment specifica-
tions, QM- Engineering (ENACE Argentina 1981 to 1985), QM-
Engineering in various Projects, International co-operation on
Design Codes e.g. for EPR Development (GERMAN/ FRENCH),
EU DG TREN, WGCS (Working Group “Codes and Standards”).
Dieter Kreckel has immense experience in the field of
European Nuclear Code activities that include Collaboration with-
in the French REP 2000 Programme, Comparison of German and
French Nuclear Codes and their application as a basis for the joint
proposals to the European Pressure Water Reactor Technical
Code for Mechanical Equipment (ETC-M), Elaboration of ETC-
M Class 1 to 3 together with partner Framatome ANP SAS,
Review of ETC-M Class 1 to 3 proposal together with German
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xxv
Utilities and EDF, NPP upgrading of RUSSIAN NPP and compli-
ance of the Russian Code analysis for applying to European
Codes and Standards.
Dieter Kreckel organized various Seminars for the implementa-
tion of the PED and Harmonized EN Standards to Nuclear Codes
in Europe. Since 2003 Dieter Kreckel is assigned and acts as
Quality Manager for the Olkiluto 3 Project in Finland.
KUO, PAO-TSIN
Dr. Kuo earned an engineering diploma
from Taipei Institute of Technology, a MS
from North Dakota State University and a
PhD from Rice University. He is a
Registered Professional Engineer in the
State of Maryland. He has been employed
by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory commis-
sion (NRC) since 1975. He held various
positions in the NRC during this period.
He is currently the Program Director for the License Renewal
and Environmental Impacts Program in the Office of Nuclear
Reactor Regulation, responsible for guidance development and
licensing activities of the license renewal programme as well as
environmental reviews of application for license renewal, licens-
ing amendments and early site permits.
Dr. Kuo is a member of the ASME Section XI Special Working
Group on Plant Life Extension and former member of the ASME
Section III Working Group of Piping Design as well as Task
Group on Dynamic Stress Limits. Currently, he is the chairman of
Working Group I, General Long Term Operation Framework,
IAEA Extra Budgetary Program on Safety Aspects of Long Term
Operation of Water Moderated Reactors.
KUSHWAHA H. S.
Mr. H.S. Kushwaha, M.Tech. (Mechanical
Engineering), is Director, Health Safety
and Environment Group at Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, Mumbai, India. He
joined Reactor Engineering Division,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
in 1971. Since then, he has been engaged
in R&D activities for Structural Design
and Safety Analysis of Indian Heavy Water
Reactor program. He contributed significantly in the area of com-
putational Mechanics, Pressure Vessel and Piping Design and
Analysis and Leak-Before-Break (LBB) study of high energy pip-
ing system. Mr. Kushwaha has been associated with Seismic
Design, Analysis and Testing of major components of 540 MW(e)
Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor built at Tarapur, Maharashtra.
He is currently steering the research activities in the field of
structural reliability, radiological risk assessment and uncertainty
analysis. Mr. Kushwaha is Chairman of BARC Safety Council
and President of Indian Association for Radiation Protection. Mr.
Kushwaha is a member of Safety Review Committee for
Operating Plants (SARCOP) of Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
(AERB). He has published more than 600 technical papers. He is
recipient of prestigious Indian Nuclear Society award. He is a
Fellow of the National Academy of Engineering.
LAND, JOHN T.
John T. Land, P.E., has been involved in the
design, analyses and manufacturing of
Westinghouse’s PWR nuclear primary
equip-ment products for almost thirty years.
His product design experience includes reac-
tor internals, steam generators, presurizers,
valves, and heat exchangers. Mr. Land also
contributed to the design and development
of the AP600 and AP1000 MWe Advanced
Power Plants, the Westinghouse/Mitsubishi APWR 4500 MWt
Reactor Internals, and many of the currently operating
Westinghouse PWR domestic and international reactor internals
components. In addition, he has directed and reviewed the design
and analysis efforts of engineers from Italy (FIAT and ANSALDO),
Spain (ENSA), Czech Republic, and Japan (MHI) on several collab-
orative Westinghouse international efforts. His experience included
five years with Westinghouse as a stress analyst on nuclear valves in
support of the Navy’s Nuclear Reactor Program. Prior to working
for Westinghouse, Mr. Land spent eleven years with the General
Electric Company on the design and development of Cruise Fan and
XV-5A Vertical Take-Off and Landing aircraft propulsion systems.
He also holds eleven patents from General Electric, and
Westinghouse. Mr. Land received his BS in Mechanical Engineering
from Drexel University and his MS in Applied Mechanics from the
University of Cincinnati.
Over the past thirty years, John has been active in ASME
B&PV Code work. Mr. Land is currently member of the Working
Group Core Support Structures and participates in the rule mak-
ing and maintenance of Sub-Section NG. John is also a member
of Sub-Group Design that oversees Section III and Section VIII
Design Rules.
LANDERS, DONALD F.
Donald F. Landers, P.E., is currently Chief
Engineer of Landers and Associates. He was
General Manager and President of Teledyne
Engineering Services where he was
employed from 1961 to 1999. Mr. Landers,
an ASME Fellow, has been involved in
ASME Code activities since 1965 serving as
a Member of B31.7 and Chairman of their
Task Group on Design, Section III Working
Group on Piping Design and Subgroup on Design. He continues as a
member of these Section III groups as well as Subcommittee III and
also served as a member of section XI and the BPVC Standards
Committee.
Mr. Landers also served as a member of the Board on
Nuclear Codes and Standards and as Vice Chairman. He has
served on PVRC committees and was heavily involved in the
PVRC research that led to the new seismic design rules in
Section III.
xxvi • Contributor Biographies
He is an internationally recognized expert in piping design and
analysis and application of ASME Code and regulatory require-
ments. Mr. Landers has authored over 20 technical papers related
to design and analysis of pressure components.
He is currently involved in providing consulting services to the
utility industry in the areas of Life Extension, Code compliance,
and Operability issues. Don continues to provide training and
seminars on Code Criteria and application internationally. He is
recipient of the Bernard F. Langer Award, J. Hall Taylor Award,
and ASME Dedicated Service Award.
LEWIS, D. WAYNE
Mr. Donald Wayne Lewis is a Project
Engineer for Shaw Stone & Webster
Nuclear with over 27 years of experience
in commercial nuclear power and
Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear
related projects. He has worked on a vari-
ety of Mechanical/Structural engineering
applications including nuclear power sys-
tem design and construction, MOX fuel
assembly design, spent fuel management and related NRC
licensing. He has spent 17 years in his primary area of expertise
which is related to dry spent nuclear fuel storage and is current-
ly Project Engineer for several Independent Spent Fuel Storage
Installation (ISFSI) projects. He has also served as a design
reviewer for the DOE Yucca Mountain Project concerning spent
fuel processing and disposal.
Mr. Lewis is a Member of the ASME Subgroup on Containment
Systems for Spent Fuel and High-Level Waste Transport
Packagings. He is the author of two publications related to spent
fuel storage which are in the 2003 and 2005 proceedings of the
International Conference on Environmental Remediation and
Radioactive Waste Management (ICEM) sponsored by ASME.
Mr. Lewis received a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Montana
State University in 1980. He is a Registered Professional
Engineer in New York, Maine, Iowa, Utah and Colorado.
MAC KAY, JOHN R.
Mr. John Mackay has over 50 years experi-
ence as a mechanical engineering specialist
in boilers, pressure vessels, steam accu-
mulators, ASME Code construction,
Nondestructive examination, heat transfer
systems, combustion and municipal incin-
erator design and construction. John has a
Bachelor of Engineering (Mech.), 1951
from McGill University, Montreal and fol-
lowed it by numerous courses over the years in Management,
Management Techniques, and Post-graduate engineering and
management courses at Concordia University.
Mr. John Mackay was an employee of Dominion Bridge
Company Limited in Montreal from 1951 to 1984 and has since
continued to work as a private consultant in his field. His major
accomplishments of the hundreds of projects he has been involved
include the Primary System Feeder Pipes for the CANDU nuclear
reactors, boilers for waste/refuse mass burn disposal systems and
design and maintenance of API Storage Tanks. John has extensive
experience in the design and construction of heat recovery boilers
for the metallurgical industry. John is recognized as one of the
leading practitioners of his specialties in Canada.
Mr. John Mackay has been a member of ASME for over 40 years,
during which he has served on a variety of committees engaged in
updating existing Codes, introduction of new Codes, and the investi-
gation and resolution of questions referred to these committees. He
has been a member of Section I Power Boiler Subcommittee since
1968 to present time, Chaired it 1989–2004; Member Standards
Committee, 1971–present; Subgroup Electric Boilers (SCI) and
chaired it in 1978–84; Member & Chairman Adhoc Task group on
Acceptance Criteria. John was a Member and Chair of the Section V
Subcommittee on Nondestructive Examination; Joint Task group
B31.1/SCI. John is a member of Subgroup on General requirements
& Surface Examination (SCV); and is a member of Subgroup on
Materials (SCI). John was a member of Honors & Awards
Committee (B&PV) from 1989–2006, and chaired in 1995–2006.
He was a Member Executive Committee (B&PV Main Committee)
from 1992–2004. In addition to ASME John is affiliated with sever-
al professional organizations including Engineering Institute of
Canada and Quebec Order of Engineers.
John Mackay has several publications and has given lectures on
engineering topics both in Canada and USA. John was a partici-
pant of several PVP conferences and ASHRAE. He has several
hobbies that include Contract Bridge and John is happily married
with adult children.
MALEK, M. A.
M. A. Malek is a Professional Engineer
(P.E.) registered in the state of Maine,
P.Eng. Canada registered in the Province of
I New Brunswick and Prince Edward
Island. Mohammad is a Certified Plant
Engineer, CPE, U.S.A., and has more than
27 years experience in boiler and pressure
vessel technology. Presently he is the Chief
Boiler Inspector for the state of Florida.
Prior to his present position, he was Chief Boiler, Elevator and
Tramway Inspector for the state of Maine, Deputy Chief Inspector
of state of Louisiana and Chief Boiler Inspector, Bangladesh.
Mr. Malek has demonstrated leadership in B&PV boiler and
pressure vessel industry. His achievements include developing
and designing a special husk-fired, fire-tube boiler of capacity
500 lbs/hr at 50 psi for developing countries. He has vast knowl-
edge and experience in writing, and enforcing boiler and pressure
vessel laws, rules, and regulations. He has written numerous arti-
cles and published in several technical journals. Malek obtained his
BSME degree from Bangladesh Engineering and Technology,
Dhaka (1972) and MBA from Institute of Business Admini-
stration, University of Dhaka (1979).
Malek has been a member of ASME since 1980 and Fellow of
Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh. He is an instructor of
ASME Professional Development courses, and serves on three
ASME Committees including CSD-1 Committee, QFO-1
Committee, and Conference Committee of the ASME B&PV
Committee. Malek has been a member of the National Board of
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors since 1997.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xxvii
MASTERSON, ROBERT J.
Masterson has a BSME from University of
Rhode Island (1969) and course work for
MSME, University of Rhode Island
(1973). He is a Registered Professional
Engineer in states of RI, MA, IL, NE, MI
and AK, and is currently self-employed at
RJM Associates in Fall River, MA.
Masterson is a retired Captain, U.S. Army
Corp of Engineers (1986). His professional
experience included New England Electric System (1969–1970),
ITT Grinnell Corporation, Pipe Hanger Division, Providence, RI
(1972–1979). With ITT Grinnell he was a Manager of Piping and
Structural Analysis for the Pipe Hanger Division (1974) and
developed stress analysis, and testing for ASME Section III
Subsection NF and provided training in Subsection NF for
ITT Grinnell, several Utilities, AEs and support for NRC Audit.
In 1978 he became Manager Research, Development and
Engineering. He was Manager of Engineering (1979) at
Engineering Analysis Services, Inc. East Greenwich RI later in
1990 called EAS Energy Services. He was Vice President of
Operations (1984) and tasks included NRC audit support, turnkey
projects and valve qualification.
Masterson was an alternate member, Working Group on
Component Supports (Subsection NF), 1973–1979; Member
Subsection NF 1979 to the present. Chaired Task Groups for
Subsection NF jurisdiction; Chair of Working Group on Supports
(SG-D) (SC III) since May, 2000 and Member of Committee for
the First Symposium on Inservice Testing of Pumps and Valves,
1989, Washington, DC, NUREG/CP-0111.
MEHTA, HARDAYAL S.
Dr. Mehta received his B.S. in Mechanical
Engineering from Jodhpur University
(India), M.S. and Ph.D. from University of
California, Berkeley. He was elected an
ASME Fellow in 1999 and is a Registered
Professional Engineer in the State of
California.
Dr. Mehta has been with GE Nuclear
Division (now, GE-Hitachi Nuclear
Energy) since 1978 and currently holds the position of Chief
Consulting Engineer. He has over 35 years of experience in the
areas of stress analysis, linear-elastic and elastic-plastic fracture
mechanics, residual stress evaluation, and ASME Code related
analyses pertaining to BWR components. He has also participated
as principal investigator or project-manager for several BWRVIP,
BWROG and EPRI sponsored programs at GE, including the
Large Diameter Piping Crack Assessment, IHSI, Carbon Steel
Environmental Fatigue Rules, RPV Upper Shelf margin
Assessment and Shroud Integrity Assessment. He is the
author/coauthor of over 40 ASME Journal/Volume papers. Prior to
joining GE, he was with Impell Corporation where he directed vari-
ous piping and structural analyses.
For more than 25 years, Dr. Mehta has been an active member
of the Section XI Subgroup on Evaluation Standards and associat-
ed working an task groups. He also has been active for many
years in ASME’s PVP Division as a member of the Material &
Fabrication Committee and as conference volume editor and
session developer. His professional participation also included
several committees of the PVRC, specially the Steering
Committee on Cyclic Life and Environmental Effects in Nuclear
Applications. He had a key role in the development of environ-
mental fatigue initiation rules that are currently under considera-
tion for adoption by various ASME Code Groups.
MILLER, UREY R.
Mr. Miller is an ASME Fellow and has
more than 30 years of experience in the
pressure vessel industry. He has participat-
ed in ASME Pressure Vessel Code
Committee activity for well more than
20 years. He is a Registered Professional
Engineer in Indiana and Texas. He is cur-
rently a member of the following ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committees:
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committee
Subcommittee Pressure Vessels—Section VIII
Subgroup Design—Section VIII (Chairman)
Special Working Group for Heat Transfer Equipment (past
Chairman)
Special Committee on Interpretations—Section VIII
Subcommittee Design.
Mr. Miller has been the Chief Engineer with the Kellogg
Brown & Root Company (KBR), a major international engineer-
ing and construction company for the petrochemical industry,
since 1992. In this position, he consults on a wide array of sub-
jects including pressure vessesl, heat exchanger, and piping
design issues, including application and interpretation of all
ASME Code requirements. He has had extensive experience with
international projects. He has provided significant engineering
support and advice to KBR projects throughout the world. In the
role as Chief Engineer, he has traveled extensively providing
engineering support for projects in Brazil, Malaysia, Egypt,
Algeria, Nigeria, Philippine Islands, South Africa, United
Kingdom, Mexico, etc. in addition to a variety of projects in
United States. He has experience in refinery, petrochemical, lique-
fied natural gas, ammonia, phenol, and other types of projects.
Previously, he held responsible positions related to process pres-
sure equipment at Union Carbide Corporation and Foster Wheeler
Energy Corporation. In addition, he has had over eight years
experience in designing pressure vessels for nuclear power gener-
ation applications with the Babcock and Wilcox Co. Mr. Miller
has a Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering (cum laud)
from the University of Evansville (Indiana).
MOEN, RICHARD A.
Richard (Dick) Moen has been a member of
numerous Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
committees since 1969. Richard (Dick)
Moen was an active member of various
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code committees
from 1969, until his retirement in 2005.
During that time span, he served on the
Standards Committee, the Subcommittee on
Materials, the Subcommittee on Nuclear
xxviii • Contributor Biographies
Power, and additional Subgroups and Task Groups serving in those
areas. He is a life member of ASM International.
Richard Moen earned a BS degree in Metallurgical Engineering
from South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in 1962,
with additional graduate studies through the University of Idaho
and the University of Washington. He has spent his entire profes-
sional career in the field of nuclear energy, beginning in research
and development, and then with commercial power plant con-
struction, operation support, and maintenance. He now consults
and teaches through Meon Technical Services.
Richard Moen’s primary area of expertise is in materials behav-
ior and applications. He has authored numerous papers and has
been involved in several national materials handbook programs.
And with his long-time involvement in the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, he has authored a popular book entitled
“Guidebook to ASME Section II, B31.1, and B31.3—Materials
Index”. His classes are built around that book.
MOKHTARIAN, KAMRAN
Kam Mokhtarian graduated from the
Northwestern University with a Master of
Science degree, in 1964. He worked for
Chicago Bridge and Iron Company from
1964 through 2000, in a variety of assign-
ments. He was responsible for design and
analysis of nuclear vessels and pressure ves-
sels for a number of years. He also provided
technical consulting to the engineering staff.
Mr. Mokhtarian has been involved with the ASME B&PV
Code Committee, since 1980. He has served as member and
chairman of several committees. He was Chairman of Subgroup
Design of Subcommittee VIII and the Vice-chairman of Subgroup
Fabrication and Inspection. He is presently the Vice-chairman of
Subcommittee VIII.
Mr. Mokhtarian is also a member of the Post Construction
Standards Committee and the Vice-chairman of the Subcommittee
on Flaw Evaluation. He has also served as an associate editor of the
ASME’s Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology for several years.
Mr. Mokhtarian has been an active member of the Pressure
Vessel Research Council (PVRC) since 1980 and has served as
Chairman of several committees. He is presently the Chairman of
the PVRC. He has authored several WRC Bulletins, including
Bulletin 297 that has become a major resource for pressure vessel
designers. He has also been teaching a number of pressure vessel
related ASME courses.
MOODY, FREDERICK J.
Ph.D., M.S., B.S., Mechanical Engineering
(Stanford, Stanford, U. of Colorado)
Consulting Engineer, Thermal-Hydraulics,
GE Nuclear Energy, 41 years with emphasis
on fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, heat
transfer, and coupled fluid-structure interac-
tion, pertaining to reactor and containment
technology. Adjunct Professor, Thermo-
sciences, San Jose State University, 28 years,
Instructor, GE Advanced Engineering Programs. Instructor for
ASME Continuing Education courses. Invited courses, lectures in
U. S. universities and national labs, Rome, Israel, Holland, Japan,
India, Germany, Spain, and Taiwan on unsteady thermofluid behav-
ior. National Academy of Engineering, 2001, Induction into Silicon
Valley Engineers Hall of Fame, 2000, ASME PV&PD Award
(1999), ASME Fellow (1981); George Westinghouse Gold Medal
Award (1980), and Alfred Noble Award for technical paper (1967).
Has been Committee chair and co-chair, ASME Fluids Engineering
Division, PV&P Division and Associate Editor of ASME Journals.
Participated on NRC-appointed peer review groups, and ongo-
ing consulting assignments with several NRC studies and panels.
Publications include Introduction to Unsteady Thermofluid
Mechanics, Wiley, and The Thermal-Hydraulics of a Boiling
Water Nuclear Reactor, ANS (co-author), and more than 50 pub-
lications in technical journals, and symposium volumes.
MORA, RAFAEL G.
Mr. Rafael Mora is a graduate in Civil
Engineering from the University of La
Gran Colombia, and holds a Master of
Business Administration, UNET-UFPS,
Venezuela-Colombia. He is a registered
professional engineer in Canada.
Mr. Mora has been working for the
pipeline industry for over seventeen years
that include pipeline operating; integrity
consulting and in-line inspection service companies. He recently
joined the National Energy Board as a Technical Leader,
Engineering within the Compliance Planning and Analysis Team.
Mr. Mora is currently also a professor in the Pipeline
Engineering Master Degree program at the University of Calgary.
He has taught courses in pipeline integrity extensively within
North and South America and has authored a number of technical
papers on this subject.
MORTON, D. KEITH
Mr. D. Keith Morton is a Consulting
Engineer at the Department of Energy’s
(DOE) Idaho National Laboratory, operated
by Battelle Energy Alliance. He has worked
in the Applied Mechanics Department for
nearly 33 years. Mr. Morton has gained a
wide variety of structural engineering experi-
ence in many areas, including performing
nuclear piping and power piping stress analy-
ses, completing plant walkdowns, consulting with the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, developing life extension strategies for the
Advanced Test Reactor, performing full-scale seismic and impact
testing, and helping to develop the DOE standardized spent nuclear
fuel canister. His most recent work activities include performing full-
scale drop tests of DOE spent nuclear fuel canisters and developing a
test methodology that allows for the quantification of true stress-
strain curves that reflect strain rate effects.
Mr. Morton is a Member of the ASME Working Group on the
Design of Division 3 Containments, is the Secretary for the ASME
Subgroup on Containment Systems for Spent Fuel and High-Level
Waste Transport Packagings, and is a Member of the ASME Section
III Subcommittee. He has co-authored over twenty-five conference
papers, one journal article, and recently co-authored an article on
DOE spent nuclear fuel canisters for Radwaste Solutions.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xxix
Mr. Morton received a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from
California Polytechnic State University in 1975 and a Masters of
Engineering in Mechanical Engineering from the University of
Idaho in 1979. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the state
of Idaho.
MURRAY, ALAN
Dr. Alan Murray is the Professional Leader
Engineering at the National Energy Board
in Calgary and an Adjunct Professor in the
Chemical Engineering Department of the
University of Calgary.
He is a graduate of The Queen’s Uni-
versity of Belfast, Northern Ireland in Civil
Engineering and Mechanical Engineering
and has spent most of his career in Design
and Development activities mostly in heavy engineering. He has held
a number of senior management positions with a major North
American pipeline company and was founding chair of the ASME
Pipeline Systems Division. He is the co—author of the ASME book
Pipeline Design and Construction: A Practical Approach, and has
published over 50 papers on a variety of engineering topics.
NASH, DAVID
Dr. Nash is the Vice-Dean of Engineering
and a Reader in Mechanical Engineering at
the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow,
Scotland. After spending several years with
a vessel fabricator, Dr Nash joined the
Department as a researcher where he gained
an MSc and PhD working on local load and
saddle support contact problems. His
research interests lie broadly in the area of
pressure equipment design procedures, and most recently in the area
of bolted joints and sealing technology. He has written over
90 papers and authored and contributed to several books. He has co-
written and organised a suite of pressure equipment design courses
for industry and these have been run on an annual basis since 1986.
Dr Nash is a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical
Engineering and a Chartered Engineer and has been an ASME
member since 1987. He was made an ASME Fellow in 2006. He
is the present Vice-Chairman of the Pressure Systems Group of
the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, is a member of the
British Standards Committee for Design Methods (BSi PVE-
1–15) and is the current UK national representative to EPERC,
the European Equipment Research Council.
NICKERSON, DOUGLAS B.
Douglas B. Nickerson graduated from Cal-
Tech with a BSME. He was a registered
Engineer in the State of California and is a
Fellow of ASME. He worked in the
Aerospace Industry until 1965 when he
founded his consulting business, Stress
Analysis Associates. During his tenure
in the Aerospace Industry he developed
the Hi-V/L ® pump for aerocraft booster
pump application. He was active in dynamic analyses of pumps
and valves as a consultant to most of the commercial pump manu-
facturers including those manufacturing nuclear pumps.
As a corollary to the dynamic analysis of pumps and valves Mr.
Nickerson developed a number of computer programs to carry out
these analyses. Some of these programs were successfully mar-
keted. Not only active in Engineering he helped organize the
Fluid Machinery Section of the Local ASME Section. In recogni-
tion of his activities he was made “Engineer of the Month” of
Southern California for August 1973.
Mr. Nickerson was on the SURF Board of CalTech and was
formerly its Chairman.
Douglas Nickerson had served on a number of ASME Section III
Committees and was Chairman of QR Subcommittee of QME.
Mr. Douglas B. Nickerson passed away since the completion of
the first edition.
NORDSTROM, EDWIN A.
On the personal side, Ed is a native of
Kansas who was educated at the University
of Kansas as an undergraduate and the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology where
he earned graduate degrees in both
Chemistry and Management – the latter from
the Sloan School. He served in administrative
positions for 16 years on school boards and
40 years in the Episcopal Church.
Without an engineering degree, Ed rose to be Manager of
Process Engineering for a chemical company and then to VP
Engineering for A O Smith Water Products Division. In the latter
post, he became active in ASME where he has served on Section
IV for 25 years. This activity continued across job changes to
Amtrol [Manager, Hot Water Maker Sales]; Viessmann
Manufacturing [COO for US operations]; Gas Appliance
Manufacturers Association; and Heat Transfer Products.
O’DONNELL, WILLIAM J.
Bill O’Donnell has Engineering Degrees
from Carnegie Mellon University and the
University of Pittsburgh. He began his career
at Westinghouse Research and Bettis where
he became an Advisory Engineer. In 1970
Bill founded O’Donnell and Associates, an
engineering consulting firm specializing in
design and analysis of structures and compo-
nents. The firm has done extensive work in
the evaluation of structural integrity, including corrosion fatigue,
flaw sensitivity, crack propagation, creep rupture and brittle fracture.
Dr. O’Donnell has published 96 papers in engineering mechanics,
elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, strain limits and damage evalua-
tion methods. He is Chairman of the Subgroup on Fatigue Strength
and a Member of the Subcommittee on Design of the ASME Code.
He has patents on mechanical processes and devices used in plants
worldwide. He is recognized expert in Failure Causation Analyses.
Dr. O’Donnell has given invited lectures at many R&D laboratories,
design firms and universities. He is a registered Professional
Engineer. He received the National Pi Tau Sigma Gold Medal
Award “For Outstanding Achievement in Mechanical Engineering”
xxx • Contributor Biographies
and the ASME Award for “Best Conference Technical Paper” in
1973 and 1988. The Pittsburgh Section of ASME named Bill
“Engineer of the Year.” (1988) He was awarded the ASME PVP
Medal (1994) and received the University of Pittsburgh ME
Department’s Distinguished Alumni Award (1996) and Carnegie
Mellon University’s 2004 Distinguished Achievement Award for
distinguished service and accomplishments in any field of human
endeavor. He is a Fellow of the ASME and is listed in the Engineers
Joint Council “Engineers of Distinction,” Marquis “Who’s Who in
Science and Engineering” and “Who’s Who in the World.”
OLSON, DAVID E.
David Olson, as part of his career at
Sargent & Lundy LLC, has been involved
in solving piping and rotating equipment
vibration problems at over 50 nuclear and
fossil power plants. He has managed the
design and successful implementation of
preoperational and initial startup piping
test programs at BWR and PWR plants.
Throughout his career has been responsible
for diagnosing and solving field problems with piping systems at
both nuclear and fossil power plants. Mr. Olson has also been
responsible for initial design, backfits and modifications of both
nuclear and fossil power plants. As part of this experience he has
developed expertise in vibration analysis, testing and field prob-
lem resolution. Mr. Olson is the current and long standing
Chairman of ASME Operation and Maintenance Subgroup on
Piping Systems, the group responsible for writing the OM-3 stan-
dard on piping vibration. Mr. Olson has published numerous tech-
nical papers on vibration and piping dynamics, testing and design
and has also given numerous training seminars.
Mr. Olson has also managed various industry initiatives includ-
ing the development of improved guidance for piping design and
analysis, piping operability criteria, the development of risk
informed methods to reduce seismic loads, and the patented
design of radiation shielding pipe insulation. University of Illinois –
B.S. Engineering, University of Chicago – MBA, Registered
Professional Engineer.
OSAGE, DAVID A.
Mr. Osage, President and CEO of the
Equity Engineering Group in Shaker
Heights, Ohio, is internationally recog-
nized as an industry expert and leader in
the development and use of FFS technolo-
gy. As the architect and principal author of
API 579 Fitness-For-Service, he developed
many of the assessment methodologies and
supporting technical information. As the
chairperson for the API/ASME Joint Committee on Fitness-For-
Service, he was instrumental in completing the update to API 579
entitled API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Fitness-For-Service. Mr. Osage
provides instruction on Fitness-For-Service technology to the
international community under the API University Program.
Mr. Osage is also a recognized expert in the design of new
equipment. As the lead investigator and principal author of the
new ASME, Section VIII, Division 2, Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code, he developed a new organization and writing style for this
code and was responsible for introducing the latest developments
in materials, design, fabrication and inspection technologies.
These technologies include a new brittle fracture evaluation
method, new design-by-analysis procedures including the intro-
duction of elastic-plastic analysis methods, and a new fatigue
method for welded joints. Mr. Osage has delivered lectures on the
new pressure vessel code in Europe and Japan and will be offer-
ing a training course highlighting advantages of the new code for
use with refinery and petrochemical equipment.
Mr. Osage was a lead investigator in revamping the API Risk-
Based Inspection (RBI) technology and software. The main focus of
this effort was a clean sheet re-write of API 581 Risk-Based
Inspection and the development of a new version of the API RBI
software. He is currently working on the next generation of RBI tech-
nology where Fitness-For-Service assessment procedures will be
used to compute the Probability of Failure for Risk-Based Inspection.
As an Adjunct Visiting Assistant Professor at Stevens Institute
of Technology, Mr. Osage has taught graduate level courses in
strength of materials and elasticity, structural analysis and finite
element methods, and structural optimization.
OSWEILLER, FRANCIS
Francis Osweiller got international recogni-
tion for his expertise in French, European
and ASME Pressure Vessel Codes &
Standards. He has been the head of the
French delegation to CEN/TC 54 (European
Technical Committee for Unfired Pressure
Vessels) for several years and has chaired
several committees such as Simple Pressure
Vessels, Testing & Inspection, Tubesheets
and Bellows. Mr. Osweiller has been actively involved in Europe
with the development of the Pressure Equipment Directive and the
new CEN Standard for Unfired Pressure Vessels. He gave several
courses on these issues in France UK and USA. As member of the
Main Committee of CODAP, he developed several design rules for
the French Pressure Vessel Code (CODAP). His main contribution
was the development of Tubesheet Heat-exchanger rules to replace
the existing (TEMA) rules.
Francis Osweiller obtained a Mechanical Engineering degree in
Paris, France. He started his career at CETIM-France with FEM
analysis applied to pressure vessels. He has published more than
40 papers in France, UK, Germany and US on European Codes,
ASME Code and Pressure Equipment Directive and gave lectures
at AFIAP, ICPVT (International Conference of Pressure Vessel
Technology) and ASME-PVP (Pressure Vessel & Piping
Conference). He has been the representative for France at ICPVT
andISO/TC11.
Since 1985 Osweiller has been actively involved in ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code organization where he is mem-
ber of SCII/International Material Specifications, SCSVIII/SWG
on Heat Transfer Equipment, Post Construction Main Committee,
Board on Pressure Vessel Technology and Council on Codes and
Standards. His principal accomplishment is his role for the publi-
cation of common rules in ASME Code, European Code and
French Code for the design of tube-sheets and expansion bellows.
Osweiller is the recipient of several awards and certificates from
ASME and PVP and was elevated to the grade of Fellow by
ASME in 2001 and is listed in the Who’s Who in the World.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xxxi
PAPPONE, DAN
Mr. Daniel Pappone is Chief Consulting
Engineer in Plant Performance at GE-
Hitachi Nuclear Energy. He joined GE in
1978. Mr. Pappone has extensive experi-
ence in safety evaluations for BWR acci-
dent conditions with a primary focus
on the vessel and containment response to
Loss-of-Coolant Accidents. He is involved
in the ongoing development of the generic
extended power uprate programs and has held lead technical posi-
tions in several stretch and extended power uprate projects.
Currently, Mr. Pappone has been leading research into under-
standing the fatigue loading acting on BWR steam dryers. His past
responsibilities have included degraded core cooling studies,
Emergency Procedure Guideline development, and the design, plant
application and installation of safety parameter display and plant
monitoring computer systems. He brings an overall integrated per-
spective to the projects, including analysis, system design, opera-
tions, and regulatory aspects. Mr. Pappone holds a BS degree in
Nuclear Engineering from the University of California, Los
Angeles.
PARECE, MARTIN
Martin Parece is Chief Engineer and Vice
President, Technology for AREVA NP, Inc.
He is responsible for technical oversight
and configuration control of pressurized
water reactor and high temperature gas
reactor designs planned for deployment in
North America.
Mr. Parece has B.S. and M.S. degrees in
Nuclear Engineering from the University of
Illinois and is a member of the American Nuclear Society. During
the last 26 years with Babcock & Wilcox, Framatome and AREVA
NP, he has gained extensive experience in safety analysis, core
reload analysis, plant performance analysis, plant simulation, com-
puter code development, accident mitigation, operator guidance,
thermal-hydraulics, plant auxiliary and control systems, Class 1
component design, and licensing. Mr. Parece is the author of
numerous papers and topical reports, he also holds a patent on a
method and system for emergency core cooling. Mr. Parece is a
highly regarded speaker on reactor power uprates, nuclear power
plant safety and new reactors.
PASTOR, THOMAS P.
Mr. Pastor has over thirty one years experi-
ence working in the areas of stress analysis
and pressure vessel design. He holds a
Bachelors and Masters degree in Civil
Engineering from the University of
Connecticut, with emphasis on structural
design and analysis.
Mr. Pastor began his career with
Combustion Engineering in 1977, where
he was a member of the structural analysis group, responsible for
performing load analyses of nuclear reactor inernals subject to
seismic and LOCA events. Over nine years he developed signifi-
cant expertise in performing finite element analyses and scientific
programming.
In 1986 Mr. Pastor joined the Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection
and Insurance Co. (HSB) working in the Codes and Standards
Group in Hartford, Ct. During his 22 year tenure at HSB, Mr.
Pastor rose from staff engineer, to Manager Codes & Standards,
Director, and presently Vice-President Code Services. He has
managed the Codes & Standards (C&S) Group for over 17 years,
and led the development of several knowledge based databases
which are used today to provide Code technical support to over
3000 ASME Certificate Holders and Inspectors worldwide. Mr.
Pastor’s ASME code expertise is in pressure vessels, and he has
taught basic to advanced seminars on Section VIII, Division 1
over 100 times to audiences around the world. He has authored
numerous technical papers on the subject of stress analysis and
ASME Code developments,
Mr. Pastor is a licensed Professional Engineer in the states of
Connecticut and Indiana. He is currently serves on several ASME
Committees such as Codes & Standards Board of Directors, Board
on Hearings and Appeals, Continuous Improvement Committee,
Board on Pressure Vessel Technology, BPV Technical Oversight
Management Committee (Vice-Chairman), Standards Committee
on Pressure Vessels – Section VIII (Chairman), Subgroup Design –
Section VIII, and Special Committee on Interpretations –
Section VIII.
PERRAUDIN, GERARD
Gerard Perraudin is a recognized authority
on materials in pressure vessel technology.
Initially he worked on a variety of assign-
ments for the French Technical Center of
Mechanical industries from 1970 through
1980. There on he has been the supervisor
of inspectors on a refinery of Exxon
Chemical (1980–1983) and later was
employed by TECHNIP, a major interna-
tional engineering and construction company. He has been active-
ly involved in various petroleum and chemical industries over the
world (Exxon, BP, Elf). Mr. Perraudin is the Chairman of CODAP
Committee responsible for French Pressure Vessel Code. Based
on his expertise of Codes he is actively involved in several French
and European Code working committees.
PITROU, BERNARD
Bernard Pitrou has more than 40 years of
experience in the piping industry. He held
the position of manager in Design and
Calculations Department, ENTREPOSE
(currently called ENDEL). He was engaged
in design and analysis of power and process
piping as well as nuclear and transportation
piping. He is a member of the Pressure
Vessel and Piping Committee of the
Technical Center of Mechanical Industries and was responsible for
several new theoretical developments in the field of piping such as
flanges and large openings. Mr. Pitrou served on the first French
Piping Committee (1970) created by the SNCT (French Pressure
xxxii • Contributor Biographies
Equipment Manufacturer’s Association) and is now the Chairman of
CODETI Committee responsible for French Piping Code. He has
been active in the European Standardization and is currently
Chairman of Working Group 1 (General) and 3 (Design) of the
European Technical Committee 267 in charge of Industrial Piping.
PORTER, MICHAEL (MIKE) A.
Michael (Mike) A. Porter is the Principal
Engineer of Porter McGuffie, Inc. In the 40
years since he obtained a Mechanical
Engineering degree from the University of
Illinois at Champaign/Urbana, he has
worked in the natural gas industry, man-
aged a construction firm and served as a
consultant to numerous industries in the
fields of vibration, thermal and stress
analysis. He has published more than 30 ASME conference and
journal publications, most of which have been for the Piping and
Pressure Vessel Division. His most recent PVP Journal paper “A
Suggested Shell/Plate Finite Element Nozzle Model Evaluation
Procedure” provides guidance for the application of Finite
Element (FE) analysis as it applies to the Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code. He has also authored papers for the Acoustical
Society of America and published two books on the application of
the FE method of analysis.
Mike has extensive experience in the diagnosis and solution of
stress and vibration problems. Much of this experience stems from
his work as a technical services engineer at Panhandle Eastern
Pipeline Company and as a consultant with Bolt Beranek and
Newman. Building on this base, Mr. Porter has established an inte-
grated computational facility for the analysis of mechanical systems
and their interaction with fluids. These capabilities include the codes
for linear and non-linear stress analysis, computational fluid dynam-
ics and gas/liquid pulsation FE analyses. For the past 15 years, Mike
has served as a member of the Design and Analysis Committee of
the Piping and Pressure Vessel Division of ASME. He has served as
the Technical Program Representative for this committee as well as
developing and chairing numerous conference sessions on the sub-
jects of vibration, water hammer, pulsation and stress.
The projects overseen by Mr. Porter cover a broad range of
industries and topics. Representative examples include the petro-
chemical industry (analyses of numerous pressure vessels and
components); the aerospace industry (analyses for the
International Space Station and FEA training for NASA person-
nel); and building dynamics (design review and analysis of multi-
storied structures for the Environmental Protection Agency and
the National Ocean Service, among others). These projects have
included linear and non-linear stress analyses as well as computa-
tional fluid dynamics, structural dynamics and thermal analyses.
RAHOI, DENNIS
D. W (Dennis) Rahoi is an authority on
materials used in the pharmaceutical-/
biotechnology, chemical process, fossil
fuel, and nuclear power industries. The
author of more than 50 papers on materi-
als, corrosion and oxidation, he received
the Prime Movers Award in Thermal
Electric Generating Equipment and
Practice by Edison Electric Institute for work published on solv-
ing problems in high pressure feedwater heaters. He currently
consults in material selections, failure analysis and does other
forensic metallurgical work. Mr. Rahoi is also the current editor
of Alloy Digest (an ASM International, Inc. publication) and is an
active consultant to the Nickel Institute. Mr. Rahoi was the first
chairman of NACE’s Power Committee and is active on many
stainless steel ASTM and ASME (including B31) materials com-
mittees. He is the current chairman of the ASME Sub-Group
Non-Ferrous Materials for Section II and holds a master’s degree
in metallurgical engineering from Michigan Technological
University.
Mr. Rahoi’s work on writing many new ASTM specifications,
his active sponsoring of 10 pipe and tube specifications and his
active involvement in Welding Research Council and EPRI
research proposals on welding and repair keep him in constant
touch with the needs of industry. This, combined with his other
experiences and consulting, allow him to contribute to the current
chapter in this book with authority.
RANA, MAHENDRA D.
Mahendra, an ASME Fellow has a bach-
elor’s degree in mechanical engineering
from M.S. University in Baroda, India,
and a master’s degree in mechanical
engineering from the Illinois Institute of
Technology, Chicago, Illinois. He is a
registered professional engineer in New
York State. He is an Engineering Fellow
working in the Global Supply System
Engineering Department of Praxair, Inc. for the last 34 years.
He is involved in the areas of fracture mechanics, pressure ves-
sel design, pressure vessel development, and materials testing.
He is also involved in the structural integrity assessment, and
fracture control programs of pressure vessels and the member
of Board on Pressure Technology, Codes and Standards.
Mahendra became the Chairman of the Subgroup on Design
and Materials of Subcommittee XII when it was formed in
1996. He is a member of several other ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code committees: member of Subcommittee
VIII, member of joint API/ASME Fitness- for Service
Committee and the member of the Main Committee of the
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the member of Board on
Pressure Technology, Codes and Standards. Mahendra is also
a member of several ISO, ASTM and CGA (Compress Gas
Association) standards committees. He is a Chairman of the
Codes and Standards Technical Committee of Pressure Vessel
and Piping Division of ASME. He has received several awards
from the Pressure Vessel and Piping Division for his contribu-
tion in organizing Codes and Standards sessions in Pressure
Vessel and Piping Conferences. He has given several lectures
in the pressure vessel technology topics in the USA and
abroad. He has taught a course on ASME Section VIII,
Division 1 to ASME section of Buffalo New York. He is the
co-recipient of two patents and the co-author of 25 technical
papers. He also has written several technical reports for his
company.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xxxiii
RANGANATH, SAM
Dr. Sam Ranganath is the Founder and
Pricipal at XGEN engineering, Sam Jose,
CA. XGEN, founded in 2003, provides
consulting services in fracture mechanics,
materials, ASME Code applications and
structural analysis to the power plant
industry. Before that he held various lead-
ership positions at General Electric for
28 years. Dr. Ranganath is a Fellow of the
ASME and has been active in the development of Section III
and Section XI, ASME Code rules for the evaluation and inspec-
tion of nuclear pressure vessel components. Sam has a Ph.D. in
Engineering from Brown University, Providence, RI and an
MBA from Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA. He has also
taught Graduate Courses in Mechanical Engineering at Santa
Clara University and Cal State University, San Jose for over
15 years.
RAO, K. R.
KR Rao retired as a Senior Staff Engineer
with Entergy Operations Inc. and was previ-
ously with Westinghouse Electric Cor-
poration at Pittsburgh, PA and Pullman
Swindell Inc., Pittsburgh, PA. KR got his
Bachelors in Engineering from Banaras
University, India with a Masters Diploma in
Planning from School of Planning &
Architecture, New Delhi, India. He complet-
ed Post Graduate Engineering courses in Seismic Engineering,
Finite Element and Stress Analysis, and other engineering subjects
at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. He earned his Ph.D.,
from University of Pittsburgh, PA. He is a Registered Professional
Engineer in Pennsylvania and Texas. He is past Member of
Operations Research Society of America, (ORSA).
KR was Vice President, Southeastern Region, ASME Inter-
national. He is a Fellow of ASME, active in National, Regional,
Section and Technical Divisions of ASME. He has been the Chair,
Director and Founder of ASME EXPO(s) at Mississippi Section. He
was a member of General Awards Committee of ASME Inter-
national. He was Chair of Codes & Standards Technical Committee,
ASME PV&PD. He developed an ASME Tutorial for PVP Division
covering select aspects of Code. KR is a Member, Special Working
Group on Editing and Review (ASME B&PV Code Section XI) for
September 2007 – June 2012 term.
Dr. Rao is a recipient of several Cash, Recognition and Service
Awards from Entergy Operations, Inc., and Westinghouse Electric
Corporation. He is also the recipient of several awards,
Certificates and Plaques from ASME PV&P Division including
Outstanding Service Award (2001) and Certificate for “Vision and
Leadership” in Mississippi and Dick Duncan Award, Southeastern
Region, ASME. Dr. Rao is the recipient of the prestigious ASME
Society Level Dedicated Service Award.
Dr. Rao is a Fellow of American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, Fellow of Institution of Engineers, India and a
Chartered Engineer, India. Dr. Rao was recognized as a ‘Life
Time Member’ for inclusion in the Cambridge “Who’s Who” reg-
istry of executives and professionals. Dr. Rao was listed in the
Marquis 25th Silver Anniversary Edition of “Who’s Who in the
World” as ‘one of the leading achievers from around the globe’.
REEDY, ROGER F.
Roger F. Reedy has a B.S. Civil
Engineering from Illinois Institute of
Technology (1953). His professional
career includes the US Navy Civil
Engineering Corps, Chicago Bridge and
Iron Company (1956–1976). Then he
established himself as a consultant and is
an acknowledged expert in design of pres-
sure vessels and nuclear components
meeting the requirements of the ASME B&PV Code. His expe-
rience includes design, analysis, fabrication, and erection of
pressure vessels and piping components for nuclear reactors and
containment vessels. He has expertise in components for fossil
fuel power plants, and pressure vessels and storage tanks for
petroleum, chemical, and other energy industries. Mr. Reedy has
been involved in licensing, engineering reviews, welding
evaluations, quality programs, project coordination and ASME
Code training of personnel. He testified as an expert witness in
litigations and before regulatory groups.
Mr. Reedy has written a summary of all changes made to the
ASME B&PV Code in each Addenda published since 1950 which
is maintained in a computer database, RA-search.
Mr. Reedy served on ASME BP&V Code Committees for
more than 40 years being Chair of several of them, including
Section III for 15 years. Mr. Reedy was one of the founding
members of the ASME PV&P Division. Mr. Reedy is registered
Engineer in seven states. He is a recipient of the ASME
Bernard F. Langer Award and the ASME Centennial Medal and
is a Life Fellow of ASME.
REINHARDT, WOLF D.
Wolf D. Reinhardt earned a Dipl. Ing.
Degree in Mechanical Engineering from
the Technical University in Braunschweig,
Germany, and a Ph.D. from the University
of Waterloo, Canada. He is a registered
Professional Engineer in Ontario.
His current position as Senior Section
Head, Computational Mechanics Develop-
ment, at Atomic Energy of Canada encom-
passes the application of numerical analysis to problems in the
design, analysis and fitness-for-service evaluation of reactor com-
ponents. He is also engaged in performing applied research pro-
grams for the Canadian nuclear industry.
Previously, he worked as a Lead Engineer in Nuclear
Engineering at Babcock & Wilcox Canada on the design and
analysis of nuclear components, principally steam generators and
heat exchangers, and in the in-service assessment of steam gener-
ator tubes.
Wolf is holding an appointment as adjunct professor at Memorial
University in Newfoundland. He has published over 50 technical
papers in the fields of nonlinear vibration, metal plasticity, computa-
tional methods for the nonlinear analysis of pressure vessels, elastic-
plastic pressure vessel design and fracture mechanics. He received
various Best Paper Awards at ASME PVP conferences and at the
ASTM National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics.
His current research interests include plastic shakedown analysis as
well as structural performance criteria and in-service assessment of
piping and reactor components.
xxxiv • Contributor Biographies
Wolf Reinhardt is a member of the ASME B&PV Code
Subgroup Design Analysis and participates in the Task Group
Elastic-Plastic FEA. He is also contributing to the PVPD
Computer Technology Technical Committee and acted as
Technical Program Representative at PVP Conferences for this
committee. He taught courses on elastic-plastic design using
Section III and Section VIII rules, on methods for fitness-for-ser-
vice assessment, and on the design, analysis and fabrication rules
of Section III.
RICCARDELLA, PETER C.
Pete Riccardella received his Ph.D. from
Carnegie Mellon University in 1973 and is
an expert in the area of structural integrity
of nuclear power plant components. He co-
founded Structural Integrity Associates in
1983, and has contributed to the diagnosis
and correction of several critical industry
problems, including:
• Feedwater nozzle cracking in boiling water reactors
• Stress corrosion cracking in boiling water reactor piping &
internals
• Irradiation embrittlement of nuclear reactor vessels
• Primary water stress corrosion cracking in pressurized water
reactors
• Turbine-generator cracking and failures.
Dr. Riccardella has been principal investigator for a number of
EPRI projects that led to advancements and cost savings for the
industry. These include the FatiguePro fatigue monitoring sys-
tem, the RRingLife software for turbine-generator retaining ring
evaluation, Risk-Informed Inservice Inspection methodology
for nuclear power plants, and several Probabilistic Fracture
Mechanics applications to plant cracking issues. He has led major
failure analysis efforts on electric utility equipment ranging from
transmission towers to turbine-generator components and has testi-
fied as an expert witness in litigation related to such failures.
He has also been a prime mover on the ASME Nuclear Inservice
Inspection Code in the development of evaluation procedures and
acceptance standards for flaws detected during inspections. In 2002
he became an honorary member of the ASME Section XI
Subcommittee on Inservice Inspection, after serving for over twen-
ty years as a member of that committee. In 2003, Dr. Riccardella
was elected a Fellow of ASME International.
RODABAUGH, EVERETT C.
Mr. Rodabaugh has B.S. from Iowa State
College, Ames, Iowa (1939) and M.S.
from the University of Louisville,
Kentucky (1959). He is a Registered
Professional Engineer in the State of Ohio.
He has extensive experience in power
plant operations and the design of piping
and pressure vessels. His previous experi-
ence was with Joseph E. Seagram Co., E.I.
duPont, U.S. Maritime Service (1943–1946). He was with Tube
Turns in Louisville, Kentucky (1946–1961). Mr. Rodabaugh was
with Bat-telle-Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio
(1961–1981).
In 1981 he started his own consulting firm and since 1991 he
has continued his work on piping and pressure vessels as a
consultant.
Mr. Rodabaugh was a member of the original ASME Design
Group that prepared ANSI B31.7. He was a member of several
ASME Code committees including Section III Committees and
Subgroup on Design and Working Group on Piping. Everret
Rodabaugh was Chairman of ANSI B16 and its Subcommittees.
Mr. Rodabaugh is also a member of the Pressure Vessel
Research Council, Design Division and its Subcommittee on
Piping, Nozzles and Vessels. Mr. Rodabaugh published over
60 articles and has written over 100 reports. Everret Rodabaugh is
a Fellow in the ASME and received the ASME Bernard F. Langer
award in 1998.
RODERY, CLAY D.
Clay Rodery is Technical Authority/
Fixed Equipment for BP North American
Products. He has over 27 years of experi-
ence consulting in the areas of pressure
vessels and piping to Amoco and BP
refining, chemicals, and upstream facili-
ties and projects worldwide. After receiv-
ing his BSCE from Purdue University in
1981, he joined Amoco Oil Company’s
Texas City Refinery, where he was involved in project, mainte-
nance, and inspection engineering. In 1990, he moved to Amoco
Oil’s Refining & Transportation Engineering Department as
pressure vessel specialist. In 1995, he became the principal ves-
sel specialist within Amoco Corporation’s Worldwide
Engineering & Construction Department. In 1999, he moved to
BP Chemicals’ Technology & Engineering Department as pres-
sure vessel and piping specialist. He became BP Chemicals’
Pressure Vessel and Piping Advisor in 2004, until moving to his
current role in 2006.
Clay began participating in ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code activity in 1993. He joined the Subgroup on
Fabrication & Inspection (Section VIII) in 1997, and the
Subgroup on Design in 1999. In May 2000, he was appointed
Chairman of the Subgroup on Fabrication & Inspection and
member of the Subcommittee on Pressure Vessels. Clay is a
member of the ASME Post Construction Standards Committee,
and Vice Chair of the Subcommittee on Repair and Testing. He
is also a member of the Special Working Group on Flange
Joint Assembly.
As a member of the Design & Analysis Technical
Committee of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division,
Clay has served as an Author, Session Developer/Chair, Editor,
Technical Program Representative, and Tutorial Presenter.
Clay is a member of the API Subcommittee on Inspection and
the Task Group on Inspection Codes. He is former Team
Leader of the Process Industry Practices (PIP) Vessel Function
Team.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xxxv
RODGERS, DOUGLAS K.
Doug Rodgers earned a B.A.Sc (1982) in
Engineering Science, with a specialization
in Material Science from the University of
Toronto and an M.A.Sc (1992) in
Mechanical Engineering from the
University of Ottawa. Doug has been a
member of the ASM International (former-
ly the American Society for Metals) since
1982 and is currently a Chapter Sustaining
Member of the Ottawa Valley Chapter. Doug is a registered pro-
fessional engineer in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and New
Brunswick, and has been a member of ASME since 1999.
Doug has worked for Atomic Energy of Canada Limited for
more than 20 years, specializing in performance characteristics
of CANDU power reactor materials. Initially with the engineer-
ing design group, Doug transferred to the Metallurgical
Engineering Branch of the Reactor Materials Division where he
was responsible for failure analysis and material surveillance
testing of CANDU fuel channel components. With a well-
established interest in fracture phenomena, Doug spent several
years studying delayed hydride cracking in Zr-2.5Nb pressure
tube materials, later becoming the manager of the Materials and
Mechanics Branch, responsible for research and development
programs relevant to metal fracture. Doug is currently Director
of the Fuel Channels Division, incorporating material expertise,
varying from computational mechanics, metallurgy, surface sci-
ence, corrosion, deformation, and fracture, as it is applied to
design, research & development, and services for CANDU
nuclear reactor systems.
ROWLEY, C. WESLEY
C. Wesley Rowley is Vice President,
Engineering & Technical Services, with
The Wesley Corporation in Tucson, AZ.
He has been with TWC since 1985. Mr.
Rowley manages engineering and non-
metallic structural repair activities for
nuclear power plants. He has published
numerous reports and technical papers for
EPRI, ASME, ICONE Conferences, Pump
& Valve Symposiums, and other nuclear industry events. He is a
recognized expert on risk-informed Inservice Testing, as well as
non-metallic materials and non-metallic structural repairs.
Mr. Rowley has been a member of the ASME Board on
Nuclear Codes and Standards for over fifteen years. He is also a
member of the ASME Post Construction Committee, the
Subcommittee on Repair & Testing, and the Chairman of
the Non-metallic Repair Project Team. Additionally he has been the
Chairman of the ASME BPV/Subcommittee II, Materials/Special
Working Group, Nonmetallic Material since 2002. He is the past
Chairman of the ASME BPV Joint Subcommittee III/XI Project
Team for Plastic Pipe. ASME past Vice President, Nuclear Codes
& Standards and past Chairman, Board on Nuclear Codes &
Standards. He is currently a member of the ASME BPV/
Subcommittee III/Special Working Group on Polyethylene Pipe.
ASME, Member, Operations & Maintenance Committee (and
Sub-group ISTE, Risk-Informed Inservice Testing).
Mr. Rowley is a retired Submarine Captain in the U. S. Naval
Reserve. He has a M.A. degree in International Relations and
Strategic Studies from the Naval War College (1986). He also has
a B.S. in General Engineering (1965) and M.S. in Nuclear
Engineering from the University of Illinois (1967). Mr. Rowley is
a Registered Professional Engineer.
SAMMATARO, ROBERT F.
The late Mr. Sammataro was Proto-Power’s
Program Manager — ISI/IST Projects. He
was responsible for Proto-Power’s Inservice
Inspection (ISI) and Inservice Testing (IST)
programs. These programs included devel-
opment and implementation of programs
involving ISI, IST, design integrity, design
reconciliation, 10CFR50, Appendix J, inte-
grated leakage rate testing, and in-plant and
out-plant training and consulting services.
Mr. Sammataro was also responsible for Proto-Power’s ISI and
IST Training Programs has developed Proto-Power’s three-day
Workshop on Containment Inservice Inspection, Repair, Testing,
and Aging Management. He was recognized as an expert in con-
tainment inservice inspection and testing.
Mr. Sammataro was the past Chair of the ASME PV&P
Division (1999–2000), General Chair of PVP Conference (1999)
and was the Technical Program Chair (1998).
He was a member and chair of an ASME Section XI Subgroup
and a member of an ASME Section XI Subgroup Subcommittee.
He was a past member of the ASME BP&V Code Main
Committee (1989-1994). Mr. Sammataro was an ASME Fellow.
Mr. Sammataro earned BSCE and MSCE from Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute.
SCOTT, BARRY
Barry Scott is currently Director of Quality
Assurance Department (Power) with
responsibility to provide QA/QC support
for the engineering, procurement and con-
struction phases of Power projects. Barry
has experience in the development, imple-
mentation and auditing of Quality
Programs. He has considerable knowledge
of industry Quality Standards, including
ISO 9000, 10CFR50 Appendix B, NQA 1 and Government
(DOE, DOD) requirements. Barry has extensive experience with
projects and project engineering management with special exper-
tise in the structural design of Nuclear Power Plant structures
including design of reinforced concrete Containment structures.
Barry has been a Member of various ASME Section III commit-
tees including Subgroup on General Requirements, Subcommittee
on Nuclear Power and Joint ASME-ACI Committee on Concrete
Components for Nuclear Service for more than 30 years.
Barry has a Master of Science in Civil Engineering from Drexel
University and is a licensed PE (Civil Engineering) in the states of
Pennsylvania, California and Washington. He is a certified Lead
Auditor in accordance with the requirements of ASME NQA-1 and
previously held certification as an ACI Level III Concrete Inspector
as required by the ASME Section III Division 2 Code.
xxxvi • Contributor Biographies
SIMOLA, KAISA
Dr. Kaisa Simola is a senior research scien-
tist with 20 years research experience in risk
and reliability analysis, analyses of nuclear
power plant operating experience, ageing
analyses, and risk-informed decision mak-
ing. Presently her main area of interest is
risk-informed in-service inspections at
nuclear power plants. She has worked for the
Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT,
since 1987. In 2004–2006 she was a Visiting Scientist at the Joint
Research Centre of the European Commission in Petten, the
Netherlands. She is the chairperson of the Task Group on Risk of the
European Network for Inspection and Qualification (ENIQ). She is
also a member of the board of directors of the European Safety,
Reliability and Data Association (ESReDA).
SIMONEN, FREDRIC A.
Fredric A. Simonen earned B.SM.E in
1963 from Michigan Technology
University and a Ph.D. in Engineering
Mechanics form Stanford University in
1966. Since joining Pacific Northwest
Laboratory in 1976, and before that at the
Battelle Columbus Division, Dr. Simonen
has worked in the areas of fracture
mechanics and structural integrity. His
research has addressed the safety and reliability of nuclear pres-
sure vessels and piping as well as other industrial and aerospace
structural components.
Since the early 1980’s he has been the lead for several studies for
the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) of the effects of
pressurized thermal shock on the failure probability of reactor pres-
sure vessels. This work has advanced the technology of probabilistic
fracture mechanics and has developed methods for estimating the
number and sizes of flaws in vessel piping welds. During the 1990’s
Dr. Simonen was a leader on the behalf of NRC and the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers in developing the technology and
furthering the implementation of risk-informed methods for the
inspection of nuclear piping systems.
Dr. Simonen is a member of the Section XI Working Groups on
Implementation of Risk-Based Inspection, Flaw Evaluation, and
Operating Plant Criteria. He is also a member of the ASME
Committee on Nuclear Risk Management and the ASME
Research Committee on Risk-Based Technology. He has pub-
lished over 200 papers, articles and reports in the open literature.
SIMS, J. ROBERT, J.
Mr. Sims is a recognized authority in the
field of pressure equipment, with over years
experience in risk based technologies for
optimizing inspection and maintenance deci-
sions, high pressure equipment, and
mechanical integrity evaluation of existing
equipment. He has been with Becht
Engineering since 1998. Prior to that, he
worked for more than thirty years with
Exxon as a pressure equipment specialist, developed risk based
decision-making tools, led a multi-disciplinary team in development
of the flaw evaluation guide that was used as the basis for the API-
579 Standard on Fitness for Service, and designed a 30,000 psi reac-
tor vessel. Other positions within Exxon included design and opera-
tion of high pressure equipment used in the production of low
density polyethylene at facilities worldwide.
Bob is the current Senior Vice President of Codes and
Standards of ASME. He is a member of several ASME
Committees, such as the Council on Codes and Standards, the
B&PV Code Subcommittee VIII for Pressure Vessels, and he
chairs the Special Working Group on High Pressure Vessels.
Bob is also the past Chair of the ASME Post Construction
Committee, and chair of the Pressure Vessel Research Council
Committee on Continued Operation of Equipment. He was previous-
ly a member of ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code Committee and
Chair of the B31.3 Task Group on High Pressure Piping. He is an
ASME Fellow and has more than 20 publications and two patents.
SINGH K. P. (KRIS)
Dr. K.P. (Kris) Singh is the President and
Chief Executive Officer of Holtec
International, an energy technology com-
pany that he established in 1986. Dr.
Singh received his Ph.D. in Mechanical
Engineering from the University of
Pennsylvania in 1972, a Masters in
Engineering Mechanics, also from Penn
in 1969, and a B.S. in Mechanical
Engineering from the Ranchi University in India in 1967.
Since the mid-1980s, Dr. Singh has endeavored to develop inno-
vative design concepts and inventions that have been translated by
the able technology team of Holtec International into equipment
and systems that improve the safety and reliability of nuclear and
fossil power plants. Dr. Singh holds numerous patents on storage
and transport technologies for used nuclear fuel, and on heat
exchangers/pressure vessels used in nuclear and fossil power plants.
Active for over thirty years in the academic aspects of the technolo-
gies underlying the power generation industry, Dr. Singh has
published over 60 technical papers in the permanent literature in
various disciplines of mechanical engineering and applied mechan-
ics. He has edited, authored, or co-authored numerous monographs
and books, including the widely used text “Mechanical Design of
Heat Exchangers and Pressure Vessel Components”, published in
1984. In 1987, he was elected a Fellow of the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers. He is a Registered Professional Engineer
in Pennsylvania and Michigan, and has been a member of the
American Nuclear Society since 1979, and a member of the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers since 1974.
Over the decades, Dr. Singh has participated in technology
development roles in a number of national organizations, includ-
ing the Tubular Exchange Manufacturers Association, the Heat
Exchange Institute, and the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers. Dr. Singh has lectured extensively on nuclear technol-
ogy issues in the U.S. and abroad, providing continuing education
courses to practicing engineers, and served as an Adjunct
Professor at the University of Pennsylvania (1986–92).
Dr. Singh serves on several corporate boards including the
Nuclear Energy Institute and the Board of Overseers, School of
Engineering and Applied Science (University of Pennsylvania),
Holtec International, and several other industrial companies.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xxxvii
STAFFIERA, JIM E.
Jim E. Staffiera earned a BS in Mechanical
Engineering from Drexel University in 1971
and a Masters in Business from Old
Dominion University in 1975. He has been
involved with nuclear power plant contain-
ment vessel and steel structure design, fabri-
cation, construction, and operation since
1971. Originally employed by Newport
News Industrial Corporation (a subsidiary
of Newport News Shipbuilding), he assisted with development of
commercial nuclear fabrication programs for ASME Code N-type
Certificate authorization. This progressed into nuclear component
fabrication and construction activities, resulting in his current
employment with FirstEnergy Corporation at the Perry Nuclear
Power Plant, where he works in the Structural Mechanics Unit and
is frequently involved with ASME Code Section XI-related issues.
Jim has been a member of ASME since 1972 and is involved in
numerous ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Committee
activities, including holding positions as Chair, Secretary, and
Member of various Section XI committees on inservice require-
ments for operating nuclear power plants. He currently chairs the
Working Group on Containment and is also a member of the
Section XI Subcommittee, the Subgroup on Water-Cooled
Systems, and the Special Working Group on Editing and Review.
Jim is an active member of the ASME Pressure Vessels and
Piping Division, having chaired the Codes and Standards (C&S)
Technical Committee and been C&S Technical Program
Representative for the annual ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping
Conference. He has also been a member of the American Society
for Quality (ASQ) since 1975.
Jim has been involved in several nuclear industry initiatives, the
most recent of which was as a member of the Expert Panel for the
EPRI Containment Integrated Leak-Rate Test (ILRT) Interval
Extension Project.
STANISZEWSKI, STANLEY (STAN)
Stanley Staniszewski is a senior Mechanical
Engineer with the U.S. Department of
Transportation, Pipelines and Hazardous
Materials Safety Administration. He is a ‘76
Alumni of the Fenn College of Engineering,
from Cleveland State University of Ohio and
has completed graduate level course work in
Business Administration at Johns Hopkins
University and advanced engineering degree
work at the University of Virginia. Mr. Staniszewski has been a
member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, since
joining as a student. He currently serves on the ASME Section XII
SubCommittee on Transport Tanks, Vice Chairs the Sub Group
on General Requirements, and is a member of the ASME
Hydrogen Steering Committee, and various taskgroups. Mr.
Staniszewski is also a member of the National Board Inspection
Code, Main Committee, Subgroups RB, and Nonmandatory
Appendices. He has experience in the international standards
arena through membership and participation as a governmental
technical expert to the United Nations and International
Standards Organizations on various Technical Committees, Sub-
Committees and Work-Groups on gas cylinders, cryogenic
vessels and Hydrogen technologies.
He has 10 years of varied experience in the private sector span-
ning tool & die, manufacturing, research and product develop-
ment, design, construction and inspection. Within the federal
government he has spent 20 years in the areas of mechanical/
electrical/chemical project engineering, management, inspection
and enforcement issues that affect hazardous materials/dangerous
goods in national and international commerce.
SUDAKOV, ALEXANDER V.
Alexander V. Sudakov was born in 1944 in
Rybinsk, Russia. In 1962 after high school
graduation he entered Saint Petersburg
Polytechnic University, Division of Nuclear
Power Stations and graduated in 1968 as a
NPP engineer. The same year he started his
professional engineering activity in the
Central Boiler and Turbine Institute. He held
positions from scientific researcher (1968)
up to Deputy Director General of the Institute (current position).
Dr. Sudakov obtained a Doctor of Science in 1994 and subse-
quently held a position as Professor of Saint Petersburg
Polytechnic University. Dr Sudakov has authored 10 books and
published over 100 papers and manuscripts on thermodynamics,
strength analysis and life extension of NPPs components and pip-
ing. Dr Sudakov is a Member of a number of Russian scientific
committees and nuclear power associations. He was honored with
the Russian Federation Government Prize in 1995.
STEVENSON, JOHN D.
Dr. John D. Stevenson is a Senior
Consultant for J.D. Stevenson, Consulting
Engineer Co. He has extensive experience
worldwide in the nuclear power field
where he served as a consultant to the
IAEA and several non U.S. utilities and
consulting firms. He holds a Ph.D. in Civil
Engineering from Case Western Reserve
University. He has provided structural-
mechanical consulting services to the nuclear power industry in
the U.S. and abroad for the past 35 years and has been a member
of various committees of ASME and B&PVC Section III for the
past 35 years. He is currently also a member of several of
American Society of Civil Engineers, American Nuclear Society,
and American Concrete Institute committees and consultant to
government agencies dealing with the structural-mechanical safety
of nuclear facilities.
SWAYNE, RICHARD W.
Mr. Swayne has worked as a metallurgist,
welding engineer, quality assurance manag-
er, and consultant, in the pressure vessel and
piping industry, since 1975. He has experi-
ence in design, fabrication, and operation of
various power and refinery plant compo-
nents, including valve design and applica-
tion, welding and materials engineering, and
quality assurance program management for
construction and operation. He is an expert and well-known instruc-
tor in inservice inspection, inservice testing, and repair/replacement
xxxviii • Contributor Biographies
programs in operating power plants. He has assisted many organiza-
tions in preparation for new and renewal ASME Certificates of
Accreditation and has participated in many ASME National Board
Accreditation Surveys. Mr. Swayne has been an active participant
since 1977 as a member of ASME and ASTM Codes and Standards
Committees. He is a member of the ASME Board on Nuclear Codes
and Standards and the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards
Committee and is the Vice Chair of the ASME Subcommittee on
Nuclear Inservice Inspection. Mr. Swayne is also a past member of
the Subcommittee on Materials and several working groups under
the Subcommittee on Nuclear Power.
He has served as a consultant to utilities, architect/engineers,
manufacturers, and material manufacturers and suppliers. He is a
Qualified Lead Auditor, and was a Qualified Level II Examiner in
several nondestructive examination methods. He has been
involved in engineering reviews, material selection and applica-
tion, and quality assurance auditing.
TABOAS, ANÍBAL L.
Aníbal L. Taboas is an executive generalist
who consults on environment, governance,
and strategic risk management. His back-
ground ranges from nuclear CONOPS, to
line management of national laboratories
and programs, and conflict resolution. He
led various regulatory and legislative initia-
tives, including changing the disposal limits
for transuranic waste. Accomplishments in
the federal Senior Executive Service have been recognized by the
Vice President’s Hammer Award, Secretary of Energy Gold Medal,
the University of Chicago Medal for Distinguished Performance,
and several Exceptional and Distinguished Service Awards. Taboas
has a solid reputation for innovative resolution of regulatory and leg-
islative issues, project management, diversity, and independent peer
review. Aníbal actively participates in pro-bono activities, such as
the Board of Directors of the Center of Excellence for Hazardous
Materials Management, and of the Institute for Regulatory Science,
editorial boards, and peer review (e.g., National Science Foundation
and International Atomic Energy Agency). Dr. Taboas has a BS in
Physics/Theology (Univ. of Dayton), MS in Physics (Indiana State
Univ.), MS in Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering (Northwestern
Univ.), a PhD honoris causa in Environmental Policy (UPAEP), and
numerous peer-reviewed publications. Aníbal is Fellow of the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, edited The
Decommissioning Handbook, and has served multiple times as
Chair of the International Conference on Environmental
Management. Aníbal L. Taboas can be reached via electronic mail
at: TaboasA2@ASME.org.
TRAMPUS, PETER
Peter Trampus earned his MSc in 1972 in
Mechanical Engineering from the Technical
University of Budapest, Hungary. He
obtained his second degree as Specialized
Engineer on Plastic Deformation from the
same university in 1979. He earned his PhD
in Materials Science in 1985 from the
Technical University of Dresden, former
East Germany. After graduating, Peter
Trampus joined the Csepel Iron and Steel Works, where he
worked as research engineer and, then, head of laboratory. In
1982, Peter Trampus moved to the Paks NPP, where he was in
charge of the Material Testing and Evaluation Section (1982 to
92) being responsible for in-service inspection and RPV sur-
veillance, basically all structural integrity related issues of the
pressurized components, and later (1992 to 95) he was the
Head of the Advisory Board to the General Director.
From 1996 to 2003, he worked for the International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA), a member of the United Nations family,
Vienna. He headed projects on managerial and engineering
aspects of nuclear power program development, implementation
and performance improvement. From 2003 to 2004 he was a visit-
ing scientist at the Institute for Energy, Petten, The Netherlands,
one of the seven institutes of the European Commission’s Joint
Research Center. Here, he was dealing with nuclear safety issues
in Central and Eastern European countries. In 2003, Peter
Trampus established his own consultant company and now works
as principal consultant. Currently, the major focus of his activity
is on nuclear power plant life management.
Peter Trampus is a Founding Member of the Hungarian
Academy of Engineering (1990), recipient of the IAEA’s
Distinguished Service Award (2002), the Hungarian delegate of
IIW Commission V “Quality control and quality assurance of
welded products” (since 2006), President of the Hungarian
Association for Nondestructive Testing (since 2005). He is the
author of more than 100 papers in technical journals and confer-
ence proceedings, several of which are in English.
UPITIS, ELMAR
Elmar Upitis received a B.S. degree in Civil
Engineering from University of Illinois in
1955 and did postgraduate studies at the
Illinois Institute of Technology. He served in
the US Army and was employed by Chicago
Bridge & Iron Company from 1955 to 1995
in various capacities, including Chief Design
Engineer, Manager of Metals Engineering,
and Senior Principal Engineer–Materials.
He was also responsible for oversight of CBI engineering in
South America, Europe and Africa and Middle East. Mr. Upitis
provides engineering consulting services in the areas of codes and
standards (ASME, API, ASTM, etc.), design of plate structures,
fitness-for-service evaluation, and materials related issues. He is a
licensed professional and structural engineer in the State of
Illinois, ASME Fellow and a member of various technical com-
mittees in the ASME B&P Vessel Code, ASTM Fellow and a
member of several ASTM technical committees, former Chair of
Pressure Vessel Research Council (PVRC) and an active partici-
pant in the PVRC, and a member of AWS and WRC. He is
involved in the development of the new B&PV Code to replace
the present Section VIII, Division 2 and several other projects
related to the ASME B & PV Code.
Mr. Upitis is a co-author of WRC Bulletin 435 on design mar-
gins in ASME Section VIII, Divisions 1 and 2, WRC Bulletin 447
on evaluation of operating margins for in-service pressure equip-
ment, WRC Bulletin 453 on minimum weld spacing requirements
for API Standard 653, PVRC report on the European Pressure
Equipment Directive, and several other published papers on
Cr-Mo steel pressure vessels.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xxxix
VAN DEN BREKEL, NICHOLAS C.
Nicholas C. van den Brekel is a recognized
authority on Periodic Inspection for
CANDU Nuclear Power Plants (the
CANDU equivalent to ASME XI In-Service
Inspection requirements). Over the last 16
years, Nick has been a major contributor to
the Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
N285B Technical Committee on Periodic
Inspeciton of CANDU NPPs. Nick has
served as an Executive Member and Secretary of this committee for
the last 5 years (1999 onwards).
Nick has 23 years of experience in the Inspection and
Maintenance of CANDU Nuclear Power Plants. Much of Nick’s
experience has been in dealing with the unique inspection and fit-
ness for service evaluation challenges posed by the zirconium alloy
fuel channels and other reactor internals at the heart of the CANDU
reactor design. Many of these components are subjected to irradia-
tion damage, damage that can result in physical changes to the mate-
rial and material properties, conditions that must be monitored in
accordance with Canadian nuclear standards. Nick has been
involved in development of new non-destructive evaluation tech-
niques to assess the material condition of zirconium alloy pressure
tubes. Nick’s experience extends to inspection and maintenance of
all CANDU reactor components, including nuclear fuel, fuel chan-
nel feeder pipes, steam generator tubes, nuclear piping and vessels,
as well as conventional side heat exchangers and steam turbines.
Nick is currently employed as the Technical Advisor to
Inspection Services Division of Ontario Power Generation, which
provides specialized inspection services to all CANDU reactor
units, including 16 operating units in Canada. Nick’s experience
includes consultation to the international CANDU community on
inspection and maintenance related issues.
VAZE, K.K.
K.K. Vaze graduated from Indian Institute
of Technology, Bombay (IITB) with a B.
Tech. in Mechanical Engineering in 1973.
After completion of the 17th Batch of
Training School of Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre in 1974, he joined the
Nuclear Systems Division of Indira Gandhi
Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam.
He worked in the area of Structural
Analysis and Design of Fast Reactor Components using Finite
Element Method and ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code,
Section III, Nuclear Vessels.
In 1989, he joined the Reactor Safety Division of Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai. Mr. Vaze was involved in the
Structural analysis and design of Pressurized Heavy Water
Reactor (PHWR) Components. The scope of work included
Fatigue and Fracture Analysis, Experimental Stress Analysis,
Fracture Mechanics, Seismic analysis, Fitness-for-Purpose
Evaluation, Residual Life Estimation and Life Extension. He
piloted a project on “Leak before Break evaluation of Primary
Heat Transport piping of PHWR”.
In addition to design and analysis, Mr. Vaze has expertise in
Ageing Management, Equipment Qualification and Seismic
Revaluation. He is a member of many committees formed by
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board to look into the safety aspects of
operating reactors as well as those under various stages of
design/construction. He has 24 publications in Journals and over
60 papers in International Conferences. His current position is Head,
Reactor Structures Section, in Reactor Safety Division of Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai. Mr. Vaze resides in Mumbai
with his wife, Ashlesha and two daughters, Anuja and Manasi.
VIROLAINEN, REINO
Mr. Virolainen graduated from Helsinki
University of Technology (Material
Engineering) in 1972. In 1973–1982, he
worked at VTT, Electrical engineering lab-
oratory, as a research scientist. Since 1982
he has been working for STUK (Radiation
and Nuclear Safety Authority) as inspector,
section leader and head of office of risk
assessment. His main topics at VTT and
STUK have been method development for level 1 PRA, CCFs,
reviews of PRA applications for the Finnish NPPs and develop-
ment of Risk Informed Regulation procedures including Risk-
Informed Inservice Inspection (RI-ISI). Mr. Virolainen has been a
long term member of Working Group RISK at OECD/NEA/
CSNI, Vice Chairman in 1991–1992 and Chairman 1992–1996.
He is a member of IAPSAM Board since 2006.
Mr. Virolainen is a special lecturer on systems reliability and
risk assessment at Lappeenranta University of Technology. He has
several technical publications in U.S., European and International
Journals covering PRA, Risk-Informed Regulation and Nuclear
Engineering and Design.
VOORHEES, STEPHEN V.
Employed in the Authorized Inspection
Agency sector since 1976 with Factory
Mutual, Commercial Union Insurance Com-
pany, Hartford Steam Boiler I and I, and
OneBeacon America Insurance Company.
Duties have included inspection of all types
of boilers, pressure vessels, heat exchangers,
nuclear components as well as supervision of
these activities and finally management of
same.
Currently serves on Section IV Heating Boilers as Vice Chair,
Section XII, Transport Tanks as a member and Chair of Sub-
Group Fabrication and Inspection, and serve as member of the
Standards Committee.
From 1970 to 1974 served in the US Navy in the Western
Pacific on destroyers as a boiler technician.
Married to Louise for 25 years with two sons. Reside in
Allentown, PA. Hobbies include hunting, shooting and golf.
WEST, RAYMOND (RAY) A.
Mr. West began his nuclear career in the US
Navy in 1971 and then proceeded into its
Nuclear Power Program in 1976. He has
been a welder, a Level III in several Non-
destructive Examination (NDE) methods,
and has developed Inservice Inspection (ISI)
programs for both Pressured Water Reactors
and Boiling Water Reactors. In 1979 he
began work in the commercial nuclear
industry and he continues to do so today.
xl • Contributor Biographies
His major accomplishments include ASME Engineer of the
Year in 1997 in the State of Connecticut for Northeast Utilities,
and several other ASME awards including one for the develop-
ment of the Section XI, Nonmandatory Appendix R, “Risk-
Informed Inspection Requirements For Piping,” where he served
as the ASME Technical Project Manager Responsible for
Development and Approval of this Appendix (a 14 year effort),
Approved for Publication in the 2005 Addenda of Section XI,
October 2004. He has also authored or co-authored many
technical papers centering on ISI and Risk-Informed Inservice
Inspection (RI-ISI) and the latest was for the ASME 16th
International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE16) in
May 2008 that was related to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission’s Rulemaking Process and its effects on the
Endorsement of ASME Nuclear Codes and Standards in the
USA.
Ray is currently the Vice Chair of the ASME Board on Nuclear
Codes and Standards (BNCS), the Co-Chair of the BNCS Task
Group on Regulatory Endorsement (TG-RE), a member of the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Code Subcommittee XI
on Nuclear Inservice Inspection ISI, a member of the Section XI
Executive Committee, and several of its lower level BPV Code
writing groups. He has been involved with nuclear power for over
30 years. His experience has been focused on welding, NDE, and
ISI and he is currently a Technical Consultant and the senior ASME
representative for his company Dominion Resources, Inc. at the
Millstone Power Station in Waterford, Connecticut.
WHITE, GLENN A.
Glenn White is a principal engineer and
principal officer at Dominion Engineering,
Inc. in Reston, Virginia. Mr. White man-
ages consulting and analysis projects
primarily for the nuclear power industry
and often related to aging degradation of
materials, boric acid corrosion, or thermal
performance.
Mr. White was the principal author of
the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) safety assessment
report for primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) of
U.S. PWR Alloy 600 reactor vessel closure head penetrations.
In 2007, he was the principal investigator for EPRI’s crack
growth and leak-before-break evaluation of PWSCC of PWR
pressurizer nozzle dissimilar metal welds in response to indica-
tions of circumferentially oriented PWSCC at one plant. Mr.
White’s projects to evaluate materials degradation include
nuclear safety and economic risk assessments and apply analyti-
cal tools such as probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation, net pre-
sent value analysis, Weibull statistical modeling, and stress and
fracture analyses.
In the area of thermal performance degradation of nuclear
steam generators, Mr. White investigates the sources of steam
pressure loss, the fouling deposition process, and the effects of
tube deposits on boiling heat transfer and corrosion.
Before joining Dominion Engineering, Inc. in 1993, Mr. White
received BS (summa cum laude) and MS degrees in mechanical
engineering from the University of Maryland at College Park. Mr.
White is a registered professional engineer and is a member of
NACE.
WILLIAMS, TONY
Tony Williams is head of the nuclear fuel
department of the Nordostschweizerische
Kraftwerke AG (NOK), the company
responsible for the general management
and fueling of the two Beznau PWR units
and the Leibstadt BWR in Switzerland.
Both plants are renowned for their pro-
gressive fuel burnup strategies as well as
extensive use of MOX and Reprocessed
Uranium fuels.
In addition to fuel procurement, his responsibilities include in-
house fuel assembly and core design, administration of reprocess-
ing contracts, planning of interim off-site storage, flask procure-
ment and transport as well as some aspects of final disposal. He is
a member of the Swiss nuclear fuel commission and a board
member of ZWILAG, the facility responsible for interim dry fuel
storage and waste conditioning in Switzerland. In previous posi-
tions he was manager of a research program investigating fuel and
core issues related to Pebble Bed Modular Reactors as well as
working as a reactor physicist for the British commercial nuclear
industry.
Dr. Williams holds a diploma in Business Management, has an
honors degree in Physics from Durham University (1981) as well
as an M.Sc. and Doctors degree in neutron physics from
Birmingham University (1984).
WOODWORTH, JOHN I.
John I. Woodworth has BSME from Univ.
of Buffalo, 1948. He is engaged in consult-
ing on Steam and Hot Water (hydronic)
heating systems and Codes and Standards.
He provides information for legal proceed-
ings of hydronic heating systems and
equipment. He was previously with
Fedders Corp. (1948–1959), as Technical
Director of Hydronics Institute (predeces-
sor Institute of Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers.), 1959–1990.
Woodworth’s professional activities 1990 to date are supported by
Hydronics Institute Division, GAMA.
He is a member of ASME, and a member of several ASME
Code Committees such as Section IV, (1967–date), Cast-Iron
Subgroup; Chair, ASME Section VI; Vice-Chair Controls and
Safety Devices for Automatically-Fired Boilers Standards
Committee (1973–2000). He was a consultant with the National
Institute of Science and Technology (formerly the National
Bureau of Standards). Woodworth is a Life Member of ASHRAE,
Member of several of its Technical Committees, Secretary, Vice
Chair and Chair of SPC. He has written numerous technical
articles for trade magazines.
John received ASME Distinguished Service Award (1991),
Dedicated Service Award (2000) and ASHRAE Standards
Achievement Award (1996). He was a Member, National Fuel
Gas Code Committee, VP, Uniform Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Laws Society and Liaison to Building Energy Codes & Standards
Committee. He was a Member of technical advisory committees
for Brook-haven National Laboratories.
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xli
YODER, LLOYD W.
Mr. Yoder is a Mechanical Engineering
graduate (BSME) of the University of
Pittsburgh (1952). He joined ASME as a stu-
dent member and continued membership
until now as an honorary life member. Upon
graduation from college, he joined Babcock
and Wilcox Company as a graduate student
that provided intense training in the opera-
tions of all divisions of the Company. Upon
graduation from this program, he joined the Company’s research
center as a test and research engineer. During six years at the
research center, he worked on both fossil and nuclear projects and
was awarded several patents for fossil boiler inventions.
Mr. Yoder later transferred to the Company’s main office, ini-
tially as a functional performance contact engineer and later as a
design engineer responsible for developing utility boiler
Company standards. It was during this time in 1971, that Mr.
Yoder became a committee member of the Subcommittee on
Power Boilers of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
He continued this membership and is now an honorary member
of that Subcommittee. Mr. Yoder later became an engineering
manager in Babcock & Wilcox’s marketing department and
with the Company’s international business growing he subse-
quently joined the International Division as Technical
Operations Manager of Licensee and Joint Venture Companies.
After retirement in 1996, he became a consultant for several
engineering companies on various problems and served as an
expert witness in a number of litigations. For fourteen consecu-
tive years, he and the late Martin D. Bernstein taught a continu-
ing education course for the ASME on Section I of the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Code. In 1999 the ASME published a book,
Power Boilers: A Guide to Section I of the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, which was co-authored by Lloyd W.
Yoder and the late Martin D. Bernstein.
 CONTENTS

Dedication to the First Edition CHAPTER 42 License Renewal and Aging Management
Robert E. Nickell and William E. Cooper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Kenneth C, Chang, P.T. Kuo and Kaihwa R. Hsu . . . . . . . 29
42.1 Introduction 29
Acknowledgements (to the First Edition) . . . . . . . . . . . v
42.2 Historical Background 29
42.3 License Renewal Review Process 30
Acknowledgements (to the Second Edition) . . . . . . . . . v 42.4 LRA 31
42.5 Interim Staff Guidance (ISG) Process 40
Acknowledgements (to the Third Edition) . . . . . . . . . . vi 42.6 Guidance Documents 40
42.7 International Activities 42
Contributor Biographies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 42.8 References 42

Preface (to the First Edition)

K. R. Rao and Robert E. Nickell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlix CHAPTER 43 PWR Reactor Vessel Integrity and
Internals Aging Management
Preface (to the Second Edition) Timothy J. Griesbach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
K. R. Rao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 43.1 Introduction 43
43.2 Codes and Regulations for the Prevention of
Preface (to the Third Edition) Brittle Fracture 44
K. R. Rao. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . li 43.3 Reference Toughness Curves 50
43.4 Margin Studies for Operating P-T Limits 55
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . liii 43.5 Areas for Future Improvements to Section XI,
Appendix G 56
Organization and Operation of the ASME Boiler 43.6 Aging Management of PWR Vessel Internals 57
and Pressure Vessel Committee lxxvii 43.7 References 60

PART 12: CURRENT ISSUES OF B&PV CODES AND

CHAPTER 44 PWR Reactor Vessel Alloy 600 Issues
STANDARDS
Jeff Gorman, Steve Hunt, Pete Riccardella, and
Glenn A. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
CHAPTER 41 BWR Reactor Internals and
Other BWR Issues 44.1 Introduction 63
Hardayal S. Mehta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 44.2 Alloy 600 Applications 63
44.3 PWSCC 66
41.1 Introduction 1 44.4 Operating Experience 68
41.2 BWR Internals 1 44.5 Inspection Methods and Requirements 71
41.3 BWR Pressure Vessel 6 44.6 Safety Considerations 73
41.4 Reactor Pressure Boundary Piping 16 44.7 Degradation Predictions 76
41.5 Crack Initiation, Growth Relationships, 44.8 Repairs 80
and Plant Monitoring 20 44.9 Remedial Measures 82
41.6 Summary 24 44.10 Strategic Planning 84
41.7 References 25 44.11 References 85
xliv • Contents

CHAPTER 45 PRA and Risk-Informed Analysis 48.6 Acknowledgments 188

Sidney A. Bernsen, Fredric A. Simonen, 48.7 References 188
Kenneth R. Balkey, Raymond A.West, and
Ralph S. Hill III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 CHAPTER 49 French Codes Dealing with
45.1 Introduction 89 Pressure Equipment
45.2 Background 89 Francis Osweiller, Alain Bonnefoy, Jean-Marie
45.3 ASME PRA Standard ASME/ANS RA-S-2008 90 Grandemange, Gerard Perraudin, and
45.4 ASME B&PV Section Xi In-Service Inspection 94 Bernard Pitrou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
45.5 ASME B&PV Section Xi Repair and Replacement 98
45.6 ASME Operation and Maintenance Code 103 49.1 Introduction 191
45.7 Regulatory and Industry Interactions 106 49.2 Overview of French Codes Devoted to the
45.8 Future Plans for Risk-Informed Activities 107 Non-Nuclear Sector 191
45.9 Summary and Conclusions 110 49.3 Overview of French Codes Devoted to the
45.10 References 111 Nuclear Sector 193
49.4 Presentation of CODAP® 198
49.5 Presentation of CODETI® 208
CHAPTER 46 Applications of Elastic-Plastic 49.6 Presentation of COVAP® 217
Fracture Mechanics in Section XI, ASME Code 49.7 Presentation of RCC-M 226
Evaluations 49.8 Conclusions 254
Hardayal S. Mehta and Sampath Ranganath . . . . . . . . . 113 49.9 Abbreviations used in this Chapter 255

46.1 Introduction 113

46.2 Early Progress in the Development of EPFM 113 CHAPTER 50 Recent Development of Codes and
46.3 Engineering Approach to EPFM and Piping Standards of Boiler and Pressure Vessels in Japan
Applications 114 Kunio Hasegawa, Toshio Isomura, Yoshinori Kajimura,
46.4 Application to RPV Evaluation 121 Yasuhide Asada and Toshiki Karasawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
46.5 References 126
50.1 Introduction 257
50.2 B&PV Codes and Standards System in Japan 259
PART 13: INTERNATIONAL CODES & STANDARDS 50.3 Status of B&PV Codes and Standards in Japan 260
RELATED TO ASME B&PV CODE 50.4 Recent Topics 294
50.5 Considerations for Design Factor 307
CHAPTER 47 Perspectives of the Pressure
Equipment Directive with Respect to ASME BPVC CHAPTER 51 UK Rules for Unfired Pressure
Anne Chaudouet, Francis Osweiller, Peter Hanmore, Vessels
and Guido G. Karcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 David H. Nash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
47.1 Introduction 129 51.1 Introduction 309
47.2 The European Context 129 51.2 PD 5500 311
47.3 Development of the PED 129 51.3 EN 13445 324
47.4 The PED 131 51.4 References 330
47.5 Guidelines 144
47.6 Link of PED With Codes and Standards 147
47.7 Points of Comparisons with the ASME Code 147 PART 14: OTHER ONGOING ISSUES OF
47.8 Conclusions 149 PUBLIC SAFETY
47.9 References 150
CHAPTER 52 The Evolution of U.S. Transportation
CHAPTER 48 Canadian Boiler and Pressure Regulations for Radioactive Materials—A
Vessel Standards Retrospective
Wolf Reinhardt, Nick van den Brekel, Ronald S. Hafner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
and Douglas Rodgers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
52.1 Introduction 333
48.0 Introduction 159 52.2 Background 333
48.1 Overview of Canadian Standards Governing 52.3 Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations,
Boilers and Pressure Vessels 160 Part 71 (10 CFR 71) 334
48.2 CSA Non-Nuclear Boiler, Pressure Vessel, 52.4 Major Changes — 1968 338
and Piping Design and Construction Standards 168 52.5 Transfer of Licensing Responsibilities
48.3 CSA Nuclear Boiler and Pressure Vessel From DOT to AEC 341
Design and Construction Standards 171 52.6 Double Containment for Plutonium, and Quality
48.4 CSA Nuclear Boiler and Pressure Vessel Assurance Requirements — 1973 to 1978 343
Inservice Inspection Standards 181 52.7 NRC Regulatory Guide 7.6 345
48.5 Conclusions and Outlook 187 52.8 1979 Proposed Rule, 10 CFR 71 346
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xlv

52.9 NUREG/CR-1815, 1981 346 55.2 National Efforts 425

52.10 1983 Final Rule, 10 CFR 71 346 55.3 Managing Risk 428
52.11 Additional Regulatory Guidance, NRC, 1985 346 55.4 Applied D&D Engineering Management 428
52.12 Major Changes, 10 CFR 71, 1988 55.5 Technology Development Needs 428
Proposed Rule 347 55.6 Conclusions 431
52.13 Reg. Guides 7.11 and 7.12, 1991 348 55.7 References 431
52.14 10 CFR 71, 1995 Final Rule 348
52.15 Double Containment Issues Revisited 349
PART 15: ISSUES CRITICAL for the NEXT
52.16 10 CFR 71, 2002 Proposed Rule 349
GENERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIIES
52.17 10 CFR 71, 2004 Final Rule 350
52.18 Conclusions 355
52.19 Acknowledgements 355 CHAPTER 56 Spent Nuclear Fuel
52.20 References 355 Tony Williams and K.P. Singh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
56.1 Introduction 433
CHAPTER 53 Description of Rules of Section XII 56.2 The Origins of Reprocessing 433
Transport Tank Code 56.3 The Reprocessing Process: Plutonium and
Mahendra D. Rana, Stanley Staniszewski and Uranium Extraction 435
Stephen V. Voorhees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 56.4 Wastes and Resources: Mass and Volume
Balance 436
53.1 Introduction 357 56.5 Reprocessing: From the Microscopic to the
53.2 Rules on General Requirements, Macroscopic Scale 438
Pressure Relief Devices, Stamping, Marking 56.6 The Future of Reprocessing 439
Certification, Reports and Records 358 56.7 Wet Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel:
53.3 Rules for Materials and Design 359 Selected Case Studies 440
53.4 Rules on Fabrication and Inspection 364 56.8 Aboveground Ventilated Storage
53.5 Additional Rules in Modal Appendix 1 on Technologies: Selected Case Studies 443
Categories 406, 407, 412, 331 and 338 56.9 Underground Ventilated Storage Module
Cargo Tanks 367 (HI-Storm 100 U): Study of a Unique Technology 448
53.6 Conclusions 370 56.10 Metal Casks: Selected Case Studies 449
53.7 Acknowledgment 370 56.11 Design Basis Threat 450
53.8 References 370 56.12 References 452

CHAPTER 54 Pipeline Integrity and Security CHAPTER 57 Generation III ⴙ PWRs

Alan Murray and Rafael G. Mora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Part A: AP1000 John T. Land
54.1 Introduction 371 Part B: EPR Marty Parece
54.2 Purpose and Cost-Effectiveness of Pipeline Part C: US-APWR Masahiko Kaneda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Transportation 371
57.1 Introduction 455
54.3 Brief Overview of Pipeline Systems 372
57.2 Scope of Commentary 455
54.4 Pipeline Systems—Safety and Environmental
57a AP1000 456
Protection 372
57a.1 Introduction 456
54.5 Pipeline Integrity Management Programs 375
57a.2 AP1000 Plant Design 456
54.6 Elements of an Integrity Management
57a.3 Operational Technology 456
Program 378
57a.4 Safety Features 458
54.7 Risk Assessment and Risk Mitigation 381
57a.5 Containment Design 460
54.8 Integrity Assessment Methods 386
57a.6 Modularization and Construction 462
54.9 Defect Assessment Methods 395
57a.7 Operation and Maintenance 462
54.10 Pipeline Repair 402
57a.8 ASME Code Aspects 462
54.11 Pipeline Corrosion Control 405
57a.9 Future Direction on the AP1000 463
54.12 Pipeline Protection—Coatings, Cathodic
57a.10 References 463
Protection, Inhibition 409
57a.11 Nomenclature 463
54.13 Third Party Damage Awareness and
57b EPR 464
Control 416
57b.1 Introduction 464
54.14 Security Management Programs 418
57b.2 EPR Development 464
54.15 References 421
57b.3 Plant Design 464
57b.4 EPR Safety 468
CHAPTER 55 Decommissioning Technology 57b.5 Containment Design 471
Development 57b.6 Construction 471
57b.7 Operation and Maintenance 471
Anibal L.Taboas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
57b.8 Code Aspects 472
55.1 Introduction 425 57b.9 Building Now 472
xlvi • Contents

57b.10 References 472 60.5 Experiences of Olkiluoto 3 NPP Risk-Informed

57c US-APWR 473 Licencing 527
57c.1 Introduction 473 60.6 European Orientation to Risk-Informed
57c.2 US-APWR Plant Design Concept 473 Inspections- ENIQ 529
57c.3 Operational Technology 473 60.7 Extension of Risk-Informed Activities 532
57c.4 Safety Features 476 60.8 Summary and Conclusions 532
57c.5 Building Configuration 478 60.9 References 533
57c.6 Modularization and Construction 479 Acronyms 534
57c.7 Operation and Maintenance 480
57c.8 ASME Code Aspects 480
57c.9 Future Direction on the US-APWR 480 CHAPTER 61 Belgium Pressure Equipment Regulation
57c.10 References 480 Luc H. Geraets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
57c.11 Nomenclature 481
61.1 Introduction 535
61.2 Belgium Pressure Equipment Regulation 535
CHAPTER 58 New Generation of BWRs 61.3 The Derogation 537
Hardayal S. Mehta and Daniel C. Pappone. . . . . . . . . . . 483 61.4 Quality Groups, Classes, and Applicable
Codes 538
58.1 Introduction 483 61.5 Repairs, Replacements, and Modifications 539
58.2 Evolution of BWR Product Line from BWR/1 61.6 Subsection IWA – General Requirements 539
Through ESBWR 483 61.7 Subsection IWB – Requirements for Class 1
58.3 Key Features of ESBWR 491 Components of Light-Water Cooled Plants 542
58.4 Materials, Fabrication, and Applicable 61.8 Subsection IWC – Requirements for Class 2
ASME Code Edition 498 Components of Light-Water Cooled Plants 542
58.5 Future Direction – Fabrication and 61.9 Subsection IWE – Requirements for Class
Modularization 502 MC and Metallic Liners of Class CC
58.6 Summary 502 Components of Light-Water Cooled Plants 543
58.7 References 502 61.10 Subsection IWL – Requirements for Class
CC Concrete Components of Light-Water
CHAPTER 59 Future Code Needs for Very High Cooled Plants 543
Temperature Generation IV Reactors 61.11 Appendix II – Owner’s Reports for In-Service
Inspections 543
William J. O’Donnell and Donald S. Griffin . . . . . . . . . . . 505
61.12 Appendix IX – Application Rules of the ASME
Abstract 505
Code Section III or Other Regulations for
59.1 Background 505
Repair or Replacement of Components in
59.2 Summary 505
Operating Nuclear Units 543
59.3 Structural Integrity Evaluation Approach 507
61.13 Appendix X – An Independent Body Distinct
59.4 Structural Integrity Evaluation Methods 507
from the Mandated Organization Performing
59.5 Regulatory Issues 508
the AIA Role 545
59.6 Current Regulatory Issues for Structural
61.14 Evolution of the Rules 545
Design of VHTR and Gen IV Systems 511
61.15 Acknowledgment 546
59.7 How Structural Integrity Issues are Addressed
61.16 References 547
by Current ASME Code? Including Code Cases
61.17 Appendices 548
and Section IIII, Subsection NH, “Class 1
Components in Elevated Temperature Service” 515
59.8 Material Models Design Criteria and Analysis CHAPTER 62 Boiler and Pressure Vessels in Germany
Methods Needed in the ASME Code for Very
Dieter Kreckel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
High-Temperature Service 516
59.9 Acknowledgement 517 62.1 Introduction 553
59.10 References 517 62.2 European Directive (PED) and German Legal
Adaptations 553
62.3 Nuclear Regulations of Pressure Vessels
PART 16: GLOBAL PV&P ISSUES of WESTERN Applicable to German NPP 554
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 62.4 Nuclear Regulations for Pressure Vessels
Applicable to New NPP for Potential Export 555
CHAPTER 60 Risk-informed Licensing, Regulation, 62.5 Conclusions 557
and Safety Management of NPPs in Finland 62.6 References 561
Reino Virolainen and Kaisa Simola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 62.7 Further Readings 561

60.1 Introduction 519

60.2 Risk-Informed Regulatory Frame 519 CHAPTER 63 Pressure Equipment Regulations,
60.3 PRA in the Regulatory Process 520 Codes, and Standards in Spain
60.4 Examples of Risk-Informed Applications 524 Carlos Cueto-Felgueroso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
 COMPANION GUIDE TO THE ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE • xlvii

63.1 Introduction 563 66.3 Development and Actual State of Nuclear

63.2 Spanish Regulation in the Nonnuclear Codes for Design and Analysis of NPPs
Industry 563 Equipment and Piping 603
63.3 Codes and Standards in the Nuclear Industry 567 66.4 Comparison of Russian Nuclear Standard PNAE
63.4 Conclusions 574 With ASME BPVC in Application to Seismic
References 574 Analysis of a Primary Loop of PWR (VVER)
Reactor 605
66.5 European High Viscous Dampers Approach
PART 17: GLOBAL PV&P ISSUES of EASTERN EURO- in Protecting NPP Primary and Secondary
PEAN COUNTRIES Systems from Seismic Loads and Operational
Vibration 614
CHAPTER 64 Czech and Slovakian Codes 66.6 Conclusion 617
66.7 Nomenclature 619
Milan Brumovsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
66.8 Glossary 621
64.1 Short History and Introduction 577 66.9 References 622
64.2 SONS Requirements for Lifetime Evaluation 577
64.3 NTD ASI Code for WWER Reactor
PART 18: GLOBAL PV&P ISSUES of
Components 577
AFRICAN COUNTRIES
64.4 VERLIFE Procedure 580
64.5 Covers Continuation 582
64.6 Conclusion 583 CHAPTER 67 Codes and Standards Used in the
64.7 Comments 583 Nuclear Industry in the Republic of South Africa
64.8 References 583 Malcolm J. Europa, Paul J. Brinkhurst,
64.9 Structure of NTD ASI 584 John Fletcher, and Neil Broom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
Section I – Welding of Components and
67.1 Introduction 625
Piping in WWER Type NPPs 584
67.2 Regulatory Control of Pressurized Equipment
Section II – Characteristics of Materials and
used in the Nuclear Industry 625
Welds for Components and Piping in WWER
67.3 Nuclear Code and Standards Usage in
Type NPPs 585
Republic of South Africa 627
Section III – Evaluation of Strength of Components
67.4 Future Outlook 633
and Piping in WWER-Type NPPs 585
67.5 References 633
Section IV – Evaluation FO Residual Lifetime of
Components and Piping In WWER – Type
NPPs 586 PART 19: GLOBAL PV&P ISSUES
Section V — Material Testing 587 of ASIAN COUNTRIES

CHAPTER 65 Comprehensive Adaptation CHAPTER 68 Design of Indian Pressurized

of the ASME Code at Paks NPP, Hungary Heavy Water Reactor Components
Peter Trampus and Peter Pal Babics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 H.S. Kushwaha, K.K. Vaze, and K.B. Dixit. . . . . . . . . . . . 635
65.1 Introduction 589 68.1 Introduction 635
65.2 Motivation of the ASME Code Adaptation in 68.2 Indian PHWR 635
Hungary 589 68.3 Design of Indian Pressurized Heavy Water
65.3 Main Features of the Current Hungarian ISI Reactor Components 638
System 591 68.4 Deviations from ASME Code 642
65.4 International Experiences 592 68.5 Seismic Qualification, Leak-Before-Break, ISI,
65.5 Comparative Assessment of the U.S. and Containment Design 643
Hungarian Legislative/Regulatory Framework 594 68.6 Organization of Design, Fabrication,
65.6 Analysis and Evaluation of Individual Documents 594 Construction, Operation, and ISI of NPPs
65.7 Design Review of Selected Components 596 in India 651
65.8 Conclusions 598 68.7 Conclusions 653
65.9 References 598 68.8 Acknowledgments 653
68.9 References 653
CHAPTER 66 Some Aspects of Russian
Regulation and Codes in Nuclear Power CHAPTER 69 Korean Regulatory System and
Victor V. Kostarev and Alexander V. Sudakov . . . . . . . . . 601 Codes of Nuclear Boiler and Pressure Vessels
Jong C. Jo and Howard H. Chung. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
66.1 Brief History of Regulatory Activity and Boiler
Codes in Russia 601 69.1 Introduction 655
66.2 System and a List of Standards Relevant to 69.2 Nuclear Regulatory Organizations 656
the State Safety Regulation in Nuclear Power 602 69.3 Legislation System 657
xlviii • Contributor Biographies

69.4 Licensing System and Safety Assessment 658 69.9 Conclusions 677
69.5 Locations of the Nuclear Power Plants in 69.10 References 677
Korea 663
69.6 Introduction to the Notices of the Minister of the CHAPTER 70 Development of Nuclear Boiler and
Education, Science and Technology Related to Pressure Vessels in Taiwan
Nuclear Power Reactor Boiler and Pressure
Yi-Bin Chen, Shin Chang, and Ting Chow . . . . . . . . . . . 679
Vessels in Korea 663
69.7 Guidelines for the Application of the Korea 70.1 Introduction 679
Electric Power Industry Codes to the Technical 70.2 Role of Regulatory Authority 680
Standards of Reactor Facilities (Notice of the 70.3 Seismic Design 681
Minister of Education, Science and Technology 70.4 Pressure Boundary Integrity 684
No. 05-04) 664 70.5 Power Uprate and License Renewal 685
69.8 Industrial Code In Korea: Korea Electric Power 70.6 Radioactive Waste Management of NPPs 685
Industry Code (KEPIC) 674 70.7 References 685
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
This book provides “The Criteria and Commentary on Select
Aspects of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel and Piping Codes”
in two volumes. The intent of this book is to serve as a “Primer”
to help the user weave through varied aspects of the ASME Codes
and B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes and present a summary of
specific aspects of interest to users. In essence, this Primer will
enable users to understand the basic rationale of the Codes as
deliberated and disseminated by the ASME Code Committees.
This book is different from the Code Cases or Interpretations of
the Code, issued periodically by these ASME Code Committees,
although these are referred in the book. It is meant for a varied
spectrum of users of Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) and
B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes in United States and elsewhere in
the world. This book should be considered as a comprehensive
guide for ASME B&PV Code Sections I through XI, B31.1 and
B31.3 Piping Codes. The contents of these two volumes can be
considered as a companion book—a criteria document—for the
latest editions of the Code, written by thirty-six professionals with
expertise in its preparation and use.
ASME and the industry volunteers have invested immense
resources in developing Codes and Standards for the Power and
Petrochemical Industry, including nuclear, non-nuclear, fossil,
and related. The industry has been relying on these documents,
collectively referred to as the ASME Code, on a day-today
basis, and regulators consult them for enforcing the rules.
Research and development, in both the material science and ana-
lytical areas, find their results in the revisions and updates of the
Codes. Over a period of time, these B&PV and Piping Codes,
encompassing several disciplines and topics, have become volu-
minous Standards that belie the intent and expectations of the
authors of the Codes. In a word, the B&PV Codes can become a
“labyrinth” for an occasional user not conversant with the infor-
mation contained in the Code. Thus, given the wealth of infor-
mation contained in the Code, these cannot be easily discerned.
For example, the B&PV Code, even though it is literally an
encyclopedia of rules and standards to be followed by engineers
in the nuclear or fossil or related industries, is not easy to com-
prehend and conform to. Alphanumeric text and graphics are
loaded with information, arrived at by a consensus process from
the deliberations of practicing engineers, professionals, acade-
mia, and regulators meeting several times a year. A lack of
understanding of the Code, therefore, can cause not only profes-
sional errors but also misplaced confidence and reliance on the
engineer’s interpretation that could lead to serious public safety
hazards. Spread over several volumes and thousands of pages of
text, tables, and graphics, it is not easy to decipher the criteria
and the basis of these Codes.
Thus, given the importance of these ASME Codes related to
the industry and the attendant technological advances, it becomes
a professional expediency to assimilate and appropriately apply
the wealth of information contained in the Codes. The first step,
then, is to ask, “Where is what?” The Code is spread over eleven
Sections; attending the tutorials is one way to understand first-
hand the various Sections of the Code. However, this is not within
the reach of all of the engineers in the industry. The next best
solution is to have expert authors, versatile in the individual
Sections and Subsections, to make the subject matter understand-
able to the practicing engineers in a book format such as “A
PRIMER.”
In this book, all of the Sections I through XI of the B&PV and
B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes are summarily addressed with
examples, explanatory text, tables, graphics, references, and anno-
tated bibliographical notes. This permits engineers to more easily
refer to the material requirements and the acceptance criteria
whether they are in the design basis or in an operability situation
of a nuclear plant or process piping. In addition, certain special
topics of interest to engineers are explicitly addressed. These
include Rules for Accreditation and Certification; Perspective on
Cyclic, Impact, and Dynamic Loads; Functionality and
Operability Criteria; Fluids; Pipe Vibration; Stress Intensification
Factors, Stress Indices, and Flexibility Factors; Code Design and
Evaluation for Cyclic Loading; and Bolted-Flange Joints and
Connections. Important is the inclusion of unique Sections such
as Sections I, II, IV through VII, IX, and X that enriches the value
of the book as a comprehensive companion guide for B&PV and
Piping Codes. Of considerable value is the inclusion of an in-
depth treatment of Sections III, VIII, and XI. A unique aspect of
the book chapters related to the Codes is the treatment of the ori-
gins and the historical background unraveling the original intent
of the writers of the Criteria of the Codes and Standards. Thus,
the current users of these Codes and Standards can apply their
engineering knowledge and judgment intelligently in their use of
these Codes and Standards.
Although these two volumes cannot be considered to be a per-
fect symphony, the subject matter orchestrates around a central
theme, that is, “The Use of B&PV and Piping Codes and
Standards.” Special effort is made by the contributors, who are
experts in their respective fields, to cross-reference other Sections;
this facilitates identifying the interconnection between various
B&PV Code Sections, as well as the B31.1 and B31.3 Piping
l • Preface
Codes. The Table of Contents, indexing, and annotated notes for
individual Chapters are provided to identify the connection
between varied topics. It is worth mentioning that despite the
chapters not being of equal length, comprehensive coverage is
ensured. The coverage of some sections is intentionally increased
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
This edition continues to address the purpose of the first edition
to serve as a “Primer” to help the user weave through varied aspects
of the ASME Codes and B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes and pres-
ent a summary of specific aspects of interest to users. In providing
the “end user” all of these aspects, the first edition has been revised
appropriately to be consistent with the current 2004 Codes.
Contributors of the first and second volumes had taken
immense pains to carefully update their write-ups to include as
much of the details that they could provide. Significant changes
can be seen in Sections II, III, VIII and XI with repercussions on
Sections I, IV, V, VII, IX and X. Thus, these consequences had been
picked up by the contributors to bring their write-up up-to-date.
Similarly changes of Power Piping (B31.1 Code) and B31.3
(Process Piping) have also been updated.
Included in this edition is a third volume that addresses the crit-
ical issues faced by the BWR and PWR Nuclear facilities such as
BWR Internals, PWR Reactor Integrity, and Alloy 600 related
issues. With the aging of the Nuclear Plants, the regulators per-
spective can be meaningful, and this has been addressed by
experts in this area. In today’s industrial spectrum the role of
Probabilistic Risk Analysis has taken an important role and this
to provide in-depth discussion, with examples to elucidate the
points citing the Code Subsections and Articles.
K. R. Rao, Ph.D., P. E. Robert E. Nickell, Ph.D.
Editor 1999–2000 President
ASME International
volume has a chapter contributed by recognized authorities. With
the increased use of computer–related analytical tools and with
ASME Codes explicitly addressing them, a chapter has been
devoted to the Applications of Elastic Plastic Fracture Mechanics
in ASME Section XI Code.
ASME Codes are literally used around the world. More impor-
tantly the European Community, Canada, Japan and UK have
been increasingly sensitive to the relevance of ASME Codes. In
this second edition, experts conversant with these country Codes
had been invited to detail the specifics of their Codes and cross-
reference these to the ASME Codes.
Public Safety, more so than ever before, has become extremely
relevant in today’s power generation. Experts hade been invited to
provide a perspective of the regulations as they emerged as well
as discuss the salient points of their current use. These include the
transportation of radioactive materials and the new ASME
Section XII Code, Pipe Line Integrity and pertinent topics
involved in decommissioning of nuclear facilities.
K. R. Rao, Ph.D., P.E.
Editor
 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
This edition continues to address the purpose of the previ-
ous editions to serve as a “Primer” to help the user weave
through varied aspects of the ASME Codes and B31.1 and
B31.3 Piping Codes, in addition to a discussion of “The
Criteria and Commentary on Select Aspects of ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel and Piping Codes” of interest to
“end users”. This publication has been revised in providing
all of the aspects of the previous editions, while updating to
the current 2007 Codes, unless otherwise mentioned. This
book in three volumes strives to be a comprehensive
‘Companion Guide to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code’.
Since the first edition, a total of 140 authors have con-
tributed to this publication, and in this edition there are 107
contributors of which 51 are new authors. Several of the
new contributors are from countries around the world that
use ASME B&PV Codes, with knowledge of ASME Codes,
in addition to expertise of their own countries’ B&PV
Codes. All of these authors who contributed to this third
edition considerably updated, revised or added to the con-
tent matter covered in the second edition to address the
current and futuristic trend as well as dramatic changes in
the industry.
The first two volumes covering Code Sections I through XI
address organizational changes of B&PV Code Committees
and Special topics relating to the application of the Code.
Considering significant organizational changes are taking
place in ASME that reflect the industry’s demands both in
USA and internationally, the salient points of these have
been captured in this publication by experts who have first
hand information about these.
Volume 1 covers ASME Code Sections I through VII,
B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes. Continuing authors have
considerably updated the text, tables, and figures of the pre-
vious edition to be in line with the 2007 Code, bringing the
insight knowledge of these experts in updating this Volume.
Fresh look has been provided by new authors, who in
replacing previous contributors of few chapters, have pro-
vided an added perspectives rendered in the earlier edi-
tions. In one case, the chapter had been entirely rewritten
by new experts, with a new title but addressing the same
subject matter while updating the information to the 2007
ASME Code Edition.
ASME Code Committees have spent time and consider-
able resources to update Section VIII Division 2 that was
completely rewritten in the 2007 Code Edition, and this
effort has been captured in Volume 2 by several experts
conversant with this effort. Volume 2 has chapters address-
ing Code Sections VIII through XI, refurbished with addition-
al code material consistent with the current 2007 Code edi-
tion. Notable updates included in this Volume relate to
maintenance rule; accreditation and certification; perspec-
tives on cyclic, impact and dynamic loads; functionality and
operability criteria; fluids; pipe vibration testing and analysis;
stress intensification factors, stress indices and flexibility
factors; Code design and evaluation for cyclic loading; and
bolted-flange joints, connections, code design and evalua-
tion for cyclic loading for Code Sections III, VIII and a new
chapter that discusses Safety of Personnel using Quick-
actuating Closures on Pressure Vessels and associated liti-
gation issues. While few chapters have been addressed by
new authors who added fresh perspective, the efforts of
continuing authors have provided their insights with addi-
tional equations, figures and tables in addition to extensive
textual matter.
The third volume of this edition is considerably enlarged
to expand the items addressing changing priorities of
Codes and Standards. Continuing authors who addressed
these topics in the previous edition have discussed these
with respect to the ASME 2007 Code Edition. The discus-
sions include chapters on BWR and PWR Reactor
Internals; License Renewal and Aging Management; Alloy
600 Issues; PRA and Risk-Informed Analysis; Elastic-
Plastic Fracture Mechanics; and ASME Code Rules of
Section XII Transport Tank Code. Chapters covering ‘U.S.
Transportation Regulations for Radioactive Materials’;
‘Pipeline Integrity and Security’, and ‘Decommissioning of
Nuclear Facilities’ have been considerably revised.
In Volume 3 experts around the world capture ‘Issues
Critical for the Next Generation of Nuclear Facilities’ such as
Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel, Generation III⫹ PWRs,
New Generation of BWRs and VERY High Temperature
Generation IV Reactors.
The impact of globalization and inter-dependency of
ASME B&PV Codes had been examined in the previous
edition in European Community, Canada, France, Japan
and United Kingdom. Contributors who authored these
country chapters revisited their write-up and updated to
capture the current scenario.
Significant contribution in the third volume is the inclusion
of additional countries with changing priorities of their
Nuclear Facilities. In-depth discussions cover the international
lii • Preface
experts of these countries which own and operate nuclear
reactors or have nuclear steam supply vendors and fabrica-
tors that use ASME B&PV Code Sections I through XII. This
information is meant to benefit international users of ASME
Codes in Finland, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Czech and
Slovakia, Russia, South Africa, India, Korea and Taiwan that
have been added in this third edition.
A unique feature of this publication is once again, as in
the previous editions, the inclusion of all author biographies
and an introduction that synthesizes every chapter, along
with an alphabetical listing of indexed terms
K. R. Rao, Ph.D., P.E.
Editor

This third edition is in three volumes composed of 19 Parts, with
Parts 1–5 in Volume 1, Parts 6–11 in Volume 2 and Parts 12–19 in
Volume 3. Common to all three volumes is the front matter,
including the Organization of the Code. Organization and
Operation of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV)
Committee has been initially authored by Martin D. Bernstein for
the first edition but considerably updated in the previous second
edition by Guido G. Karcher. However, the current dramatic
changes in the ASME B&PV organization these have been cap-
tured by Guido Karcher in this current third edition. Included are
detailed discussions pertaining to the “Research Projects for the
Maintenance and Development of Codes and Standards” and
“Realignment Activities of the ASME B&PV Code Committee
Structures”. An index is provided at the end of each volume as a
quick reference to topics occurring in different Code Sections of
that volume. In addition to indexing several topics covered in
this publication, it is also meant to assist in reviewing the inter-
connection of the ASME Boilers & Pressure Vessel Code
Sections/Subsections/Paragraphs occurring in the particular vol-
ume. In each chapter, all discussions generally pertain to the latest
2007 Code Edition unless noted otherwise by the chapter
author(s). The ASME Code is generally accepted in the United
States (and in many foreign countries) as the recognized mini-
mum safety standard for the construction of pressure vessels and
piping. Toward that end, the first two volumes can be considered
“a primer.” Although this primer is authored by several Code
Committee members who are considered experts in their respec-
tive fields, the comments and interpretations of the rules con-
tained in this book are strictly the opinions of the individual
authors; they are not to be considered official ASME Code
Committee positions.
Since the first edition, a total of 140 authors contributed to this
publication and in this edition there are 107 contributors of which
51 are new authors. Several of the new contributors are from coun-
tries around the world that use ASME Boiler & Pressure Codes,
with knowledge of ASME Codes in addition to expertise of their
own country Boiler & Pressure Vessel Codes. All of these authors
who contributed to this third edition considerably updated, revised
or added to the content matter covered in the second edition.
Volume 1 has five Parts, each addressing a unique aspect of the
Code. Part 1 covers Power Boilers (Code Sections I and VII); Part
2 covers Materials and Specifications (Code Section II); Part 3
provides an in-depth commentary on Rules for Construction of
Nuclear Power Plant Components (Code Section III, Divisions 1,
2, and 3); Part 4 covers Power Piping (B31.1 Code) and Process
Piping (B31.3 Code); and Part 5 covers Heating Boilers (Code
Sections IV and VI).
Volume 2 covers Parts 6–11, with Part 6 covering
Nondestructive Examination (NDE) (Code Section V); Part 7 pro-
viding in-depth criteria and commentary of Code Section VIII,
INTRODUCTION
including Divisions 1, 2, and 3; Part 8 covering welding and braz-
ing qualifications of Code Section IX; Part 9 covering Code
Section X and pertaining to fiber-reinforced plastic pressure ves-
sels; Part 10 providing in-depth discussions of Code Section XI;
and Part 11 covering special topics of interest to ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) Code Users and Practicing
Engineers.
The scope of Volume 3 that contains Parts 12 to 19 has consid-
erably expanded from the previous edition. This volume has in
addition to aspects with critical bearing on ASME Boiler &
Pressure Vessels addresses countries that have become increasingly
important with ASME Codes being applicable to them. Part 12
addresses Current BWR Reactor Internals & Other BWR Issues in
chapters that cover License Renewal and Aging Management
(NRC), PWR Reactor Vessel Integrity, PWR Reactor Vessel Alloy
600 Related Issues, PRA & Risk Based Analysis, and Applications
of Elastic Plastic Fracture Mechanics in ASME Section XI Code
Applications. In Part 13 International Codes & Standards Related
to ASME B&PV Code are addressed, which include Pressure
Equipment Directive used by the European Community, Canadian
B&PV Codes & Standards, French Pressure Equipment Codes,
Recent Development of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes in
Japan, and British Codes & Standards. With the recent trends to
pay particular attention to Public Safety, more so than previously,
Part 14 focuses on Other Ongoing Issues of Public Safety with
chapters covering 40-Year Retrospective on the Transportation
Regulations for Radioactive Materials, Description of Rules of
Section XII Transport Tank Code, Pipe Line Integrity & Security,
and Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities. In Part 15 issues criti-
cal for the next generation of nuclear facilities is addressed. In this
Part, topics deal with Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel,
Generation III+ PWRs, New Generation of BWRs and very High
Temperature Generation IV Reactors. Global Pressure Vessel and
Piping Issues of several countries of Western and Eastern Europe,
Africa and Asia are dealt with in Parts 16 to 19. In each of these
Chapters authors with expertise in their Country Codes and con-
versant with ASME Pressure Vessel Codes provided the write-up.
In Part 16 PV&P Codes of West European Countries covered are
Finland, Belgium, Germany and Spain. In Part 17 the PV&P
Codes of East European Countries included are Czech and
Slovakian Codes, Hungary and Russia. Codes and standards used
in the nuclear industry in the Republic of South Africa are covered
in Part 18. Pressure & Vessel Issues of Asian countries such as
India, Korea and Taiwan are included in Part 19.
VOLUME 1
Chapter 1 of the 1st edition was authored by the late Martin D.
Bernstein. It discussed Power Boilers, Section I of the ASME
Code. His objective was to provide an overview of the intent,