Political Objectives Military Objectives WAR: The Relationship Between

C.BASSFORD – CLAUSEWITZ.
COM
THE RELATIONSHIP
between
POLITICAL OBJECTIVES
and
MILITARY OBJECTIVES
in
WAR
Dr. Christopher Bassford
LONG VERSION
for individual self-study
v.OCT 2015
C.BASSFORD – CLAUSEWITZ.COM
MODEST EXTREME
(i.e., objectives that might lead to war)
List ‘positive’ objectives to be imposed on the enemy.

Pure defense is a limited, “negative” objective.
MODEST ? EXTREME
MODEST ? EXTREME
Only
examples—the
actual spectrum is
infinite.
*renamed *
? renamed
High-end
*renamed *
? renamed
High-end
Can we find
a reasonably neat way to divide
these objectives into
TWO subsets?
SURVIVAL High-end
SURVIVAL
Does he understand that you will permit him to survive?

Does he believe that he will survive your victory?
Are your intentions even relevant?
(i.e., is there somebody else who will destroy him if you win?)
And what/who is that

entity and how far into its guts
do we need to go?
When its survival is

at stake, how long will the
entity’s leadership continue
to defend itself?
(Military is not the

Decisive Instrument)
High-end
When its survival is

at stake, how long will the
entity’s leadership continue
to defend itself?*
*Governments seldom commit suicide, and

politicians faced with extinction are normally
willing to fight to the last soldier.
High-end
What does “SURVIVAL”

mean to this
particular enemy?
* Does the next world count?

High-end
Is “SURVIVAL” really the

key issue, or are we actually asking
about whether what we propose to do will
provoke the enemy population into maximum
resistance? So, what factors might affect
or determine the level of resistance
the enemy will offer?
SURVIVAL High-end
Is there a
similar taxonomy for
military objectives?
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED
HIGH-END
MILITARY Is there a MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
? similar taxonomy for ?
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED
HIGH-END
MILITARY Is there a MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
? similar taxonomy for ?
What labels do various theorists apply to these two poles?

Limited Aims (And why is it so hard to find good labels?) To Disarm
Coercion Overthrow
Exhaustion Annihilation
Attrition Compellance
Erosion Incapacitation
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED
HIGH-END
MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
War to achieve “limited aims” War to “disarm” the enemy

- offensive war with a limited aim “to render [the enemy] politically helpless
- defensive war (aim is both limited and negative) or militarily impotent"
CLAUSEWITZ
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED
HIGH-END
MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
War to achieve “limited aims” War to “disarm” the enemy

- offensive war with a limited aim “to render [the enemy] politically helpless
- defensive war or militarily impotent"
CLAUSEWITZ
A SPECTRUM
“The first, the supreme, the most far-reaching act

of judgment that the statesman and commander
have to make is to establish by that test the kind of
war on which they are embarking; neither
mistaking it for, nor trying to turn it into,
something that is alien to its nature. This is the first
of all strategic questions and the most
comprehensive.”
Carl von Clausewitz, ON WAR
(Howard/Paret trans.), p.88.
“The first, the supreme, the most far-reaching act

of judgment that the statesman and commander
have to make is to establish by that test the kind of
war on which they are embarking; neither
mistaking it for, nor trying to turn it into,
something that is alien to its nature. This is the first
of all strategic questions and the most
comprehensive.”
Carl von Clausewitz, ON WAR
(Howard/Paret trans.), p.88.
For some reason, quoters
of this piece almost
always leave these three
words out (“…”).
SURVIVAL High-end
HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY ? ? MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
Ermattungsstragie: a Niederwerfungsstrategie:
strategy of exhaustion or a strategy of overthrow or
attrition. annihilation.
HANS DELBRÜCK Same taxonomy, different

theorist, different labeling.
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED HIGH-END
MILITARY MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
Word problems: Annihilation

Coercion
“Annihilate”
Exhaustion means “eliminate Overthrow
military
Attrition capacity,” NOT
“exterminate.”
EROSION
[But no one will buy that.]
“Overthrow”?
Sounds political.
HANS DELBRÜCK
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED HIGH-END
MILITARY MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
Attrition Annihilation
More word problems:
Exhaustion Overthrow
“Attrition”--fatally tarred
by association with 1864,
WWI, Vietnam.
“Exhaustion”?
Might be OK.
HANS DELBRÜCK
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED HIGH-END
MILITARY MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
(Inflict Stress) (DISARM)
Strategy of Coercion: a Strategy of

strategy that “seeks to Compellance:
affect the behavior of an a strategy that “seeks to
opponent by manipulating force the opponent to
costs and benefits.” accept political objectives
even though he has the will
ROBERT PAPE to resist.”
(i.e., he has the will, but you have

Same taxonomy, different (Military is not the
deprived him of the military means. But
have you?)
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED “Affect?” Sounds pretty vague. HIGH-END

MILITARY What do you really mean? MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE

to resist.”
ROBERT PAPE (Military is not the Same taxonomy, different

SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED HIGH-END
MILITARY MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE

Unfortunately,
these two words mean the same thing. to resist.”
Bad buzzwordology.
ROBERT PAPE
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED HIGH-END
MILITARY MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
“Incapacition” is
literally correct. When Overthrow
you say it, however, Annihilation
people hear Incapacitation
“nonlethal.”
"The fighting forces must be destroyed: that is,
they must be put in such a condition that they can
no longer carry on the fight. Whenever we use the
phrase ‘destruction of the enemy's forces,’ this
alone is what we mean."
Clausewitz, On War, p.90
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED HIGH-END
MILITARY SUGGESTED LABELS MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
(Inflict Stress) Coercion Compellance (DISARM)
Attrition Incapacitation
Erosion Annihilation
Coercion DISARM
or
EROSION INCAPACITATE
SURVIVAL High-end
“For if war is an act of violence meant to force the enemy to do our will its aim would have always and solely
to be to overcome the enemy and disarm him. That aim is derived from the theoretical concept of war; but
since many wars do actually come very close to fulfilling it, let us examine this kind of war first of all.”
LIMITED HIGH-END
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
Temporarily, DISARM
EROSIONLong-term, or or
INCAPACITATE
Permanently?
TARGET:
"The fighting forces must be destroyed: that is,
they must be put in such a condition that they can
The adversary’s
no longer carry on the fight. Whenever we use the MILITARY CAPACITY
phrase ‘destruction of the enemy's forces’ this
alone is what we mean." to continue the struggle
SURVIVAL High-end
Stress comes in many varieties.
Here we mean political pain. How
might we use military means to
inflict political pain?
LIMITED HIGH-END
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
Make the enemy
prefer ending the war
on our terms to
EROSION continuing the TO DISARM
Convince the or
struggle. enemy that the pursuit of
TO INCAPACITATE
peace on his own terms is
TARGET: TARGET:
too dangerous, too painful,
The adversary’s The adversary’s
or too unlikely to
WILL to continue MILITARY
succeed. CAPACITY
the struggle to continue the struggle
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED Coercion Compellance HIGH-END

MILITARY MILITARY
OBJECTIVE Exhaustion Overthrow OBJECTIVE
(Inflict Stress) Attrition Incapacitation (DISARM)
Coercion
EROSION } MILITARY
OBJECTIVE { DISARM
INCAPACITATE
or
TARGET: TARGET:
WILL to continue MILITARY CAPACITY
SURVIVAL High-end
Need a Video
Demonstration?
LIMITED HIGH-END
MILITARY MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
Coercion These two things DISARM
TARGET:
EROSION
} distinguishable
OBJECTIVE from
each other.
{
are not easily INCAPACITATE
MILITARY
or
TARGET:
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED HIGH-END
MILITARY MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
Coercion Specifically DISARM
TARGET:
EROSION
}
WHOSE will
MILITARY
military
and/or
OBJECTIVE
matters?
{
INCAPACITATE
capacity really
or
TARGET:
So,
a limited political objective is best served
by a limited military objective, and a
high-end political objective is best served
by the objective of militarily
disarming/ incapacitating/annihilating
the opposing force.
Right?
So,
a limited political objective is best served
by a limited military objective, and a
high-end political objective is best served
by the objective of militarily
disarming/ incapacitating/annihilating
NO.
the opposing force.
Right?
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED HIGH-END
MILITARY MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
Can we make a high-

end military objective
serve limited political
ends?
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED HIGH-END
HIGH-END
MILITARY MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
(DISARM)
Sure we can.
Can we make a high-
end military objective
serve limited political
ends?
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
Erode Disarm
or /Incapacitate
Disarm/Incapacitate
A SPECTRUM
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
Erode Disarm
or /Incapacitate
What does “SPECTRUM” mean? You mean,
Disarm/Incapacitate
the enemy leadership can both survive and
perish, in differing proportions,
simultaneously?
A SPECTRUM
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
By “spectrum,” we mean that these
Erode Disarm
political
or and military elements can
/Incapacitate
be combined in different ways, that
What does “SPECTRUM” mean?
Disarm/Incapacitate
we can threaten one but settle for the
You mean, the enemy leadership can
other, that the players can redefine
both survive and perish,
“victory” and “survival” in mid-war,
simultaneously?
etc.
A SPECTRUM
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
Erode
or
Disarm/Incapacitate
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
Erode
or
Disarm/Incapacitate
EXAMPLES?
HISTORICAL EXAMPLES
NOTES:
Wars do not have

objectives—only the
individual participating
political entities (e.g.,
states, etc.) do.
Objectives are unilateral, so

this matrix refers only to
one side’s military
objective.
Doing this analysis for only

one side gets you only part
way to understanding the
strategic structure of the
war.
The strategic structure can

very rarely be described
using only one of these
terms, because the
opponents’ objectives are
seldom mirror-imaged.
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
LIMITED POLITICAL
and MILITARY
OBJECTIVES
US used limited force
against the Bosnian
Serbs in order to force
them to reach a
negotiated settlement
with the Croats and
Bosnian Muslims.
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
LIMITED POLITICAL
OBJECTIVES and
LIMITED POLITICAL HIGH-END
and MILITARY MILITARY
OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES
US used limited force US invaded Mexico,
against the Bosnian completely defeated its army,
Serbs in order to force and occupied its capital, in
them to reach a order to carve off some border
negotiated settlement provinces.
with the Croats and
Bosnian Muslims.
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
A FAILED EXAMPLE
LIMITED POLITICAL
OBJECTIVES and
HIGH-END
MILITARY
OBJECTIVES
Napoleon was not
trying to conquer
Russia, only to force it
to cooperate with
Napoleon’s economic
blockade of Britain.
But he sought to
convince the Czar to
cooperate by
destroying his army
and occupying
Moscow.
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
MIS-FIRE
Prussia completely defeated
the French military in order to
gain a free hand in Germany
(to unify it). Collapse of
French government was an
unintentional and unwelcome
side-effect. (They won
anyway. Except that 48 years
later….)
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
UNION vs
CONFEDERACY
HIGH-END
POLITICAL
and
MILITARY
OBJECTIVES
US vs SADDAM
2003
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
HIGH-END
POLITICAL
and
MILITARY
OBJECTIVES
US invaded Panama, completely
defeated its military, and installed a
new government.
SURVIVAL High-end
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY
BOTH at ONCE OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
NVN
vs NVN
US vs
DIFFERENT
RVN
STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES
AGAINST DIFFERENT
ENEMIES IN THE
SAME PLACE AND
TIME
SURVIVAL High-end
Well, then, can we pursue

LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END a high-end political objective via a MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES limited military objective? (DISARM)
?
SURVIVAL High-end

HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY
a high-end political objective via a MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE limited military objective? (DISARM)
?
SURVIVAL High-end

HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY
a high-end political objective via a MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE limited military objective? (DISARM)
EXAMPLE?
US
vs
NVN ?
SURVIVAL High-end
HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
(DISARM)
NVN view of
US U.S. political
objectives
vs U.S. view of U.S.
NVN political objectives
SURVIVAL High-end
HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
Doesn’t seem (DISARM)
to work.
/
WHY NOT? NVN view of

US A primary source of
U.S. political
objectives
vs “strategic dissonance”: Opponents’
differing interpretations of their U.S. view of U.S.
NVN own and each other’s objectives.
Even if they understand them.
political objectives
SURVIVAL High-end
HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
(DISARM)
NVN view of
US Doesn’tU.S.
seempolitical
objectives
vs to work.
U.S. view of U.S.
NVN political objectives
X
SURVIVAL High-end
HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE OK, tough example. (DISARM)
Let’s look again.
?
SURVIVAL High-end
HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
(DISARM)
ANOTHER
POSSIBILITY
?
SURVIVAL High-end
HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
(DISARM)
ANOTHER
POSSIBILITY
Military is not the
decisive
instrument)
?
SURVIVAL High-end
HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
(DISARM)
Military is not the

decisive
instrument)
CONTAIN
EXAMPLES:
US vs USSR in Cold War
US vs Castro regime
in Cuba
SURVIVAL High-end
HIGH-END
LIMITED
MILITARY
MILITARY
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
(DISARM)
Military is not the

decisive
instrument)
CONTAIN
EXAMPLES:
US vs USSR in Cold War
US vs Castro regime
in Cuba
Iran? DPRK?
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
CONTAIN

decisive instrument)
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
So, can we
apply this
framework to
insurgencies
CONTAIN
and conflicts
with terrorists?
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
So, can we
Readapply
Bard this
O’Neill’s book on
framework to
insurgencies,
theninsurgencies
tell me.
CONTAIN
and conflicts
with terrorists?
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
So, can we
apply this
framework
But, yes, we can. to
insurgencies
CONTAIN
and conflicts
with terrorists?
PLAYER A PLAYER B
So far, this has been a unilateral analysis

—we’ve looked at one side’s pol/mil
objectives at a single point in time. How
many variations develop when we factor
in the other guy? How about when we
factor in the contending factions within
each player? How about when we factor in
mutual misunderstanding? Dishonesty?
Deception? Confusion? Stupidity? And, of
course, changes on all sides over time.
Etc.
Each participant in a given war

may have a different combination of political and
military objectives, or may not know his
objectives, or may be willing to switch.
US allies
ROK
KOREA 1950-53
Actual “structure” of CHINA
Anti-Gov’t
Guerrilas in ROK
the war?
USA
DPRK
USSR
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
CONCLUSIONS
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES
Two forms of military objective: (DISARM)
TO ERODE TO DISARM/
INCAPACITATE
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES
TO ERODE TO DISARM/
INCAPACITATE
Either one can serve either limited or unlimited
political objectives, depending on context.
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES
TO ERODE TO DISARM/
INCAPACITATE
These are objectives, not
methods (ways or means),
time-lines, intensity levels,
or casualty ratios.
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES
EROSION DISARMING/
INCAPACITATION
METHOD These are objectives, not METHOD
We can inflict pain,methods,
and thus time-lines, or
We can “erode,” “attrit,” or
casualty ratios.
hope to erode will, through
blockade; seizure of territory or “overwhelm” the enemy down
population; infrastructure interdiction
or destruction; destruction of assets, to nothing, thus disarming
personnel, military forces – him.
whatever works.
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
EROSION INCAPACITATION
METHODThese are objectives, not TIME-LINE

methods, time-lines, or
casualty ratios. We can annihilate the
We can erode, attrit, or
overwhelm the enemy down enemy’s military capacity to
to nothing, thus disarming resist in a 1-week Blitzkrieg
him. or a 4-year bloodbath.
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
CASUALTY
These RATIOS
are objectives, not TIME-LINE
METHOD Wemethods may achieve orthese
time-lines.
objectives
We can annihilate the
with disproportionately small costs
We can erode, attrit, or and casualties, or enemy’s
in materiel we may military capacity to
overwhelm the enemy down
sacrifice our money and manpower
resist in a 1-week Blitzkrieg
in
to nothing, thus attaining a 1:1 ratio or worse.
or a 4-year bloodbath.
annihilation.
SURVIVAL
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
These are objectives,
INTENSITY LEVELS not TIME-LINE
METHOD methods or time-lines.
A much stronger power may be able We can annihilate the
to completely
We can erode, attrit, or eliminate a weaker
one without even breaking aenemy’s
sweat, military capacity to
overwhelm the enemy downpolitically or militarily.resist in a 1-week Blitzkrieg
to nothing, thus attaining[e.g., Panama] or a 4-year bloodbath.
annihilation.
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
These are objectives,
INTENSITY LEVELS not TIME-LINE
METHOD methods or time-lines.
A much stronger power may be able We can annihilate the
to completely
We can erode, attrit, or eliminate a weaker
one without even breaking aenemy’s
sweat, military capacity to
overwhelm the enemy downpolitically or militarily.resist in aOr1-week
maybeBlitzkrieg
not.
to nothing, thus attaining[e.g., Panama] or a 4-year bloodbath.
[U.S. in Vietnam;
annihilation. Israel in Lebanon]
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
AND…
These are objectives, not TIME-LINE
METHOD We may annihilate
methods the
or time-lines.
enemy’s military capacity We can annihilate the
We can erode, attrit, or not erode his enemy’s
but still will to military capacity to
overwhelm the enemy down resist. resist in a 1-week Blitzkrieg
to nothing, thus attaining or a 4-year bloodbath.
annihilation.
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
OR…
methods or the
time-lines.
The enemy’s will may
collapse long before his military capacity to
enemy’s
and still not erode his will to
overwhelm the enemy down military capacity is in a 1-week Blitzkrieg
resist
resist.
to nothing, thus attaining
destroyed or even seriously
annihilation. damaged.
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
This is called
methods or the
time-lines.
collapse long before his military capacity to
enemy’s
resist
resist.
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
This is called
methods or the
time-lines.
THE enemy’s military We can annihilate the
capacity
We canBANE
erode,OF STRATEGIC-THEORIST
attrit, or
collapse long before WANNABES
his military
enemy’s capacity to
resist
resist.
LIMITED or HIGH-END
HIGH-END MILITARY
MILITARY OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVES (DISARM)
This is called
“KNOW YOURANNIHILATION
EROSION ENEMY,
KNOW YOURSELF, AND
KNOW
THE
METHOD CONTEXT,
We and
may annihilate
methods or theYOU WILL
time-lines.
SURVIVE
We can erode, attrit, or A
collapse THOUSAND
long before his military capacity to
enemy’s
overwhelm the enemy down military capacity is *in a 1-week Blitzkrieg
BOGGSATS.”
resist.
destroyed
resist
or even seriously
* NWC lexicon: “Bunch of Guys and Gals Sittin’ Around Talkin’.”
So now, in the finest traditions of Clausewitzian theory, let’s forget this stuff for a
while and go have a drink. (This is Seminar ‘O’ of the Prussian War College, 1815.)

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C.BASSFORD – CLAUSEWITZ.

Dr. Christopher Bassford

List ‘positive’ objectives to be imposed on the enemy.

Does he understand that you will permit him to survive?

And what/who is that

When its survival is

(Military is not the

When its survival is

*Governments seldom commit suicide, and

What does “SURVIVAL”

* Does the next world count?

Is “SURVIVAL” really the

What labels do various theorists apply to these two poles?

War to achieve “limited aims” War to “disarm” the enemy

War to achieve “limited aims” War to “disarm” the enemy

“The first, the supreme, the most far-reaching act

“The first, the supreme, the most far-reaching act

HANS DELBRÜCK Same taxonomy, different

Word problems: Annihilation

Strategy of Coercion: a Strategy of

(i.e., he has the will, but you have

LIMITED “Affect?” Sounds pretty vague. HIGH-END

Strategy of Coercion: a Strategy of

ROBERT PAPE (Military is not the Same taxonomy, different

Strategy of Coercion: a Strategy of

LIMITED Coercion Compellance HIGH-END

Can we make a high-

Wars do not have

Objectives are unilateral, so

Doing this analysis for only

The strategic structure can

Well, then, can we pursue

Well, then, can we pursue

Well, then, can we pursue

WHY NOT? NVN view of

Military is not the

Military is not the

(Military is not the

So far, this has been a unilateral analysis

Each participant in a given war

METHODThese are objectives, not TIME-LINE

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