Terminology & Reference Section (TRS)

Conference Division
International Maritime Organization

IMO MULTILINGUAL GLOSSARY

ON

RISK MANAGEMENT

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Documents used in the compilation of terms:
• C 100/3(b)
• MEPC 55/18
• MSC-MEPC.2/Circ.12
• MSC-MEPC.2/Circ.5
• MSC/CIRC.1023-MEPC/CIRC.392 - GUIDELINES FOR FORMAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT (FSA) FOR USE IN THE IMO RULE-
MAKING PROCESS

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 RISK MANAGEMENT GLOSSARY

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IMOTerm OTHER INFORMATION
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ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references,
and source, hyperlinks, etc.)
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corporate governance gouvernance d'entreprise gobernanza corporativa 30299 The term refers to the rules and principles
of organization, behaviour and
transparency by which an enterprise is
managed and controlled.
cost per unit risk coût unitaire de réduction coste por unidad de la 26289
reduction du risque reducción del riesgo
cost-benefit assessment évaluation des evaluación de costos y ‫تقييم الفوائد لقاء التكاليف‬ 4338 The purpose of this Formal Safety
coûts-avantages beneficios Assessment step is to identify and
CBA compare benefits and costs associated
with the implementation of each Risk
Control Option (RCO) identified.
Council Working Group Groupe de travail du Grupo de trabajo del 28263
on Risk Review, Conseil sur l'étude, la Consejo sobre el
Management and gestion et le signalement examen, la gestión y la
Reporting des risques notificación de riesgos

CWGRM
cyber risk governance gouvernance des cyber- gobernanza en materia 33614
risques de riesgos cibernéticos
cyber risk management gestion des risques liés gestión de riesgos 18658
au cyberespace cibernéticos
CRM

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ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references,
and source, hyperlinks, etc.)
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Disability-Adjusted Life années de vie corrigées años de vida ajustados ‫سنوات العمر المعدلة حسب اإلعاقة ؛‬ 26377
Years de l'incapacité por discapacidad ‫سنوات العمر المصحّحة باحتساب فترات‬
Disability-Adjusted Life ‫العجز‬
Years DALY DALY
годы жизни с поправкой на
DALY инвалидность
environmental risk risque de dommages à riesgo de daños para el опасность для окружающей 15879
l'environnement medio ambiente среды
environmental hazard
danger pour peligro para el medio
l'environnement ambiente
Event Tree Analysis analyse de l'arbre análisis del árbol de ‫تحليل الرسم البياني لألحداث‬ 26259 An event tree is a time-based logic
d'événements sucesos diagram, usually based on success/failure
ETA modelling ("hazard sequencing"). The tree
ETA AAS starts with an initiating event and
proceeds through a chain of protective
features (which may fail) to identify
possible outcomes. They are often utilized
in accident analyses and can be useful
when choosing between alternative
designs to mitigate risk.
Failure Mode and Effects analyse des types de análisis de los tipos de ‫تحليل تأثيرات وأنماط الخلل ؛ دراسة أنماط‬ 25769 An examination of the craft's system and
Analysis défaillance et de leurs fallo y sus efectos ‫الخلل وتأثيراته‬ equipment to determine whether any
effets reasonably probable failure or improper
FMEA FMEA анализ характера и operation can result in a hazardous or
FMEA последствий отказов catastrophic effect.

АХПО
fatality accident mortel accidente mortal гибель человека 5342

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Fatigue Risk Système de gestion des Sistema de gestión de /‫نظام إدارة المخاطر الناجمة عن التعب‬ 32517
Management System risques dus à la fatigue los riesgos de la fatiga ‫اإلجهاد‬
FN-Curve courbe FN curva FN 20917 A continuous graph with the ordinate
representing the cumulative frequency
distribution of N or more fatalities and the
abscissa representing the consequence
(N fatalities). The FN-curve represents the
cumulative distribution of multiple fatality
events and therefore useful in
representing societal risk. The FN-curve is
constructed by taking each hazard or
accident scenario in turn and estimating
the number of fatalities. With the
estimated frequency of occurrence of
each accident scenario the overall
frequency with which a given number of
fatalities may be equalled or exceeded
can be calculated and plotted in the form
of an FN-curve.
Formal Safety évaluation formelle de la evaluación formal de la ‫التقييم المنهجي للسالمة‬ 23307 Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is a
Assessment sécurité seguridad structured and systematic methodology,
aimed at enhancing maritime safety,
FSA FSA EFS including protection of life, health, the
marine environment and property, by
using risk analysis and cost benefit
assessment. (FSA Guidelines -
MSC/Circ.1023-MEPC/Circ.392, annex,
para. 1.1.1)

The Formal Safety Assessment should

comprise the following steps:
1 - identification of hazards

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2 - risk analysis
3 - risk control options (RCO)
4 - cost-benefit assessment
5 - recommendations for decision-making
Gross Cost of Averting a coût brut de la prévention coste bruto de evitar ‫التكلفة اإلجمالية لتفادي الوفاة ؛ التكلفة‬ 26271 A cost effectiveness measure in terms of
Fatality d'une mort una muerte ‫اإلجمالية لتفادي إصابة قاتلة‬ ratio of marginal (additional) cost of the
risk control option to the reduction in risk
GCAF GCAF GCAF 避免灾难总费用 to personnel in terms of the fatalities
averted.
hazard and operability étude sur les risques et estudio de los peligros 25930
study l'exploitabilité y la funcionalidad

HAZOP HAZOP HAZOP

hazard identification identification des dangers identificación de ‫تبيان المخاطر‬ 25929 A process to find, list and characterize
peligros hazards.
HAZID HAZID
HAZID
human reliability analysis analyse de la análisis de la fiabilidad 26294
fiabilitéhumaine humana
HRA
HRA AFH
identification of hazards identification des dangers determinación de los 33397 One of the steps of the Formal Safety
peligros Assessment process.
IMO Risk Management cadre de gestion des marco para la gestión 28184
Framework risques de l'OMI de riesgos de la OMI

Risk Management RMF RMF

Framework

RMF

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IMO Risk Management Politique de gestion des Política de gestión de 28189 The objective of the Organization's risk
Policy risques de L'OMI riesgos de la OMI management policy is to minimize and/or
prevent adverse consequences
emanating from foreseeable risks to the
achievement of its aims and objectives.
Implied Cost of Averting coût théorique de la coste implícito de evitar 28947
a Fatality prévention d'une mort una muerte

Implied Cost of Avoiding ICAF ICAF

a Fatality

ICAF
individual risk risque individual riesgo individual 26617 The risk of death, injury and ill health as
experienced by an individual at a given
IR IR IR location, e.g. a crew member or
passenger on board the ship, or belonging
to third parties that could be affected by a
ship accident. Usually IR is taken to be
the risk of death and is determined for the
maximally exposed individual. Individual
Risk is person and location specific.

Individual Risk per risque individuel par an riesgo individual anual ‫خطر الوفاة للفرد سنويا‬ 31030 The chance of an individual becoming a
Annum fatality. An IRPA of 1 x 10-3 would mean
for each individual, every year, there is a
IRPA 1 in 1000 chance of a fatal accident.

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Inherent Safe Approach approche de sécurité enfoque de la 20918
intrinsèque seguridad intrínseca
integrity risk risque pour l'intégrité riesgo de integridad 31338 The probability that a user will experience
a position error larger than the threshold
value without an alarm being raised within
the specified time to alarm at any instant
of time at any location in the coverage
area.
Life Quality Index indice de qualité de vie índice de calidad de ‫ جودة الحياة‬/‫مؤشر نوعية‬ 27713 The index for expressing the social,
vida health, environment and economic
LQI LQI dimensions of the quality of life at working
LQI conditions. The LQI can be used to
comment on key issues that affect people
and contribute to the public debate about
how to improve the quality of life in our
communities.
Net Cost of Averting a coût net de la prévention coste neto de evitar una ‫التكلفة الصافية لتفادي الوفاة ؛ التكلفة‬ 27711 A cost effectiveness measure in terms of
Fatality d'une mort muerte ‫الصافية لتفادي إصابة قاتلة‬ ratio of marginal (additional) cost,
accounting for the economic benefits of
NCAF NCAF NCAF 避免灾难净费用 the risk control option to the reduction in
risk to personnel in terms of the fatalities
averted.

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Net Present Value valeur actuelle nette valor actual neto 23292 (1) In the contect of cash flow: The
difference between the present value of
NPV NPV NPV cash inflows and the present value of
cash outflows. NPV is used in capital
budgeting to analyze the profitability of an
investment or project. A potential
investment project could seem
advantageous if the net present value was
greater than zero.

(2) As regards debt (the net present value

of debt): The nominal amount outstanding
minus the sum of all future debt-service
obligations (interest and principal) on
existing debt discounted at an interest
rate different from the contracted rate.
The concept is closely related to that of
opportunity cost: if the debtor has a loan
that bears a 3 percent rate of interest, it is
clear that the debtor is better off than by
borrowing at 10 percent. But by
discounting the future debt-service
obligations at 10 percent and comparing
the outcome with the amount borrowed,
the NPV will tell how much the opportunity
to borrow at 3 percent, rather than at 10
percent, is worth to the debtor.
(Source: UNTerm)
Potential Years of Life années potentielles de años potenciales de ‫سنوات العمر الضائعة بسبب العجز‬ 27714 Statistical measure which sums the
Lost vie perdues vida perdidos number of years of life that might be lost
потерянные годы as a result of a particular illness, way of
PYLL APVP APVP потенциальной жизни по life or economic status.
причинам смерти

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qualitative risk analyse qualitative des evaluación cualitativa качественная оценка риска 27341
assessment risques de los riesgos
Quality Adjusted Life années de vie en bonne años de vida ajustados ‫قياس جودة سنوات الحياة المعدلة ؛ سنوات‬ 27712 The basic idea of a QALY is one year of
Years santé por calidad ‫العمر الموفورة الصحة‬ perfect health-life expectancy to be
worth 1, but regards one year of less than
QALY QALY QALY 质量调整生命年 perfect health-life expectancy as less
than 1.
показатель
продолжительности жизни,
скорректированный на
качество
quantitative risk analyse quantitative des evaluación cuantitativa количественная оценка 26290
assessment risques de riesgos риска
QRA
QRA ECR
recommendations for recommandations en vue recomendaciones para 33398 One of the steps of the Formal Safety
decision-making de la prise de décisions la toma de decisiones Assessment process.
risk risque riesgo 风险 29652 A combination of the probability of any
risk event and its consequences.
риск
risk acceptance acceptation des risques aceptación del riesgo 28743 A risk management option which implies
doing nothing about the risk.
risk analysis analyse des risques análisis de riesgos ‫تحليل المخاطر‬ 14015 The purpose of risk analysis is to measure
the risks associated with each identified
risk event and, consequently, the
Organization’s exposure to risk in the
delivery of the relevant sections of its
Strategic and High-level Action Plans.

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risk appetite tolérance à l'égard des disposición para asumir 33405 Refers to the amount or level of risk an
risques riesgos organizational entity or individual is
prepared to accept. As compared to the
term risk tolerance, from an individual
perspective, risk appetite is positive -- a
taste for, interest in risk -- as opposed to
the more negative risk tolerance: an ability
to withstand the stresses of taking risks.
(UNTERM)
risk assessment évaluation des risques evaluación de los ‫تقييم المخاطر‬ 27229 A quantitative risk assessment is an
riesgos iterative process which normally includes
four steps:
.1 hazard identification - what are
the substances of concern and
what are their effects
.2 dose (concentration) - what is the
relationship between the dose
and the severity or the frequency
of the effect.
.3 exposure assessment - what is
the intensity, and the duration or
frequency of exposure to an
agent.
.4 risk characterization - how to
quantify the risk from the above
data.
risk avoidance évitement du risque prevención del riesgo 33407 A risk management option which implies
avoiding the activity that creates the risk
in the event that the risk cannot be
mitigated to a satisfactory level.

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risk characterization caractérisation des caracterización de 31505 Risk characterization involves assessing
risques riesgos risk by comparing the PEC with the
PNEC. If the PEC is greater than PNEC,
this indicates that the substance may
cause harm. The ratio of PEC to PNEC is
taken as a measure of the probability that
harm will occur. (Source: UNEP)
Risk Characterization taux de caractérisation cociente de 31562
Ratio des risques caracterización de
riesgos
RCR RCR
RCR
Risk Contribution Tree arbre de contribution aux árbol de comparación / ‫مسار العوامل المساهِمة في األخطار‬ 26262 The combination of all fault trees and
risques de riesgos ‫المخاطر‬ event trees that constitute the risk model.
RCT
RCT RCT дерево факторов риска
risk control maîtrise du risque control del riesgo 33408 A risk management option whichvariety of
techniques to remove or reduce the risk.
These might target either the impact or
the likelihood of the risk, or both.
risk control measures mesures de maîtrise des medidas de control del ‫تدبير لضبط المخاطر‬ 26292 Means of controlling a single element of
risques riesgo risk.
RCM мера по управлению
RCM RCM рисками
risk control option option de maîtrise des opciones de control del ‫خيارات ضبط المخاطر‬ 26263 One of the steps of the Formal Safety
risques riesgo Assessment process. A combination of
RCO 风险控制选择 risk control measures.
RCO RCO
вариант управления рисками

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risk event événement risque suceso de riesgo ‫حدث تكتنفه مخاطر‬ 29649 Any event which may adversely impact on
the ability of an organization to meet its
风险事件 objectives.

событие риска
risk event identification identification des determinación de los 33411 The purpose of the risk event
événements risques sucesos de riesgo identification is to identify the
Organization's exposure to uncertainty by
developing a comprehensive list of future
risk events which may adversely impact
on the achievement of the Organization's
strategic directions.
risk financing financement du risque financiación del riesgo 33409 A risk management option which involves
assigning Organizational funds to cover
all or part of losses.
risk index indice de risque índice del riesgo ‫مؤشر الخطر‬

IR IR IR
risk management gestion des risques gestión de riesgos ‫إدارة المخاطر‬ 29655 The process of identifying, assessing,
communicating and mitigating risks
风险管理 impacting on an organization's ability to
meet its objectives.
управление рисками

учет факторов риска

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risk management options options de gestion des opciones de gestión de 33406 There are five techniques:
risques riesgos
- risk acceptance: doing nothing about the
risk;

- risk avoidance: avoiding the activity that

creates the risk in the event that the risk
cannot be mitigated to a satisfactory level;

- risk control: using a variety of techniques

to remove or reduce the risk. These might
target either the impact or the likelihood of
the risk, or both. For example, there is a
risk to the Organization from disruption
through terrorist activity. Contingency
planning might reduce the impact of the
risk event should it occur, while larger
security barriers might reduce the
likelihood of the risk event occurring;

- risk financing: assigning Organizational

funds to cover all or part of losses using a
variety of techniques; and

- risk transfer: transferring all or part of the

risk to a third party for a financial
consideration. This may be via insurance
and also includes contractual
arrangements where the counter party
indemnifies the Organization against
liability in specified circumstances.

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risk management processus de gestion des proceso de gestión de ‫آلية إدارة المخاطر‬ 33403 IMO is committed to reducing risk to a
process risques riesgos level that is as low as reasonably
practicable, through the implementation of
a risk management process comprised of:
- risk event identification
- risk analysis
- risk management options
- risk treatment selection
- implementation
- monitoring and review
Risk Mitigation Measure mesure d'atténuation des medida de mitigación ‫قياس لمستوى تخفيف المخاطر‬ 33526
risques del riesgo
RMM
Risk Quotient Scale échelle des quotients de escala de cocientes de ‫سلَّم نِسب المخاطر‬ 32649
risque riesgo
RQ scale
risk tolerance tolérance à l'égard des tolerancia del riesgo ‫المقدرة على تحمّل المخاطر‬ 29653 A measurement of the willingness to
risques accept risk, being the highest level of risk
风险承受能力 at which additional mitigating controls are
not required.
Рискоустойчивость
risk transfer transfert du risque transferencia del riesgo 33410 A risk management option which implies
transferring all or part of the risk to a third
party for a financial consideration. This
may be via insurance and also includes
contractual arrangements where the
counter party indemnifies the
Organization against liability in specified
circumstances.

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risk-based/goal-based approche fondée sur les enfoque basado en el ‫ مستمد من‬/ ‫نهج يقوم على تقييم المخاطر‬ 29491
approach risques et les objectifs riesgo/basado en los ‫األهداف‬
objetivos
подход, основанный на
риске/цели
Security Risk modèle de gestion des modelo de gestión de 28532 Developed by the Office of the United
Management model risques sécuritaires los riesgos para la Nations Security Coordinator together
seguridad with the Department of Peacekeeping
Operations. Used for articulating security
risk and for allowing non-security staff to
better understand risk assessments and
other security issues.
societal risk risque collectif riesgo social 20916 Average risk, in terms of fatalities,
experienced by a whole group of people
(e.g. crew, port employees, or society at
large) exposed to an accident scenario.
Usually Societal Risk is taken to be the
risk of death and is typically expressed as
FN-diagrams or Potential Loss of Life
(PLL), ref. to section 2. Societal Risk is
determined for the all exposed, even if
only once a year. Societal Risk is not
person and location specific.
species-specific risk évaluation des risques evaluación de los 27053
assessment liés à des espèces riesgos específicos de
particulières una especie
Statement on Internal déclaration sur le declaración de control 33401 A means by which an organization
Control contrôle interne interno communicates its approach to, and
responsibility for, risk management,
internal control and corporate
governance.

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Strategic Direction orientation stratégique principio estratégico 28584

SD OS
tiered risk assessment méthode d'évaluation des evaluación de un riesgo 29261
risques à plusieurs escalonado
niveaux
unacceptable risk risque inacceptable riesgo inaceptable 不可接受的风险 29654 A risk which falls outside the assessed
risk tolerance level.
неприемлемый риск

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