Tutorial 5

Laplace Transform

1. (a) Using the definition of Laplace transform, determine the Laplace transform of
𝑥 𝑡 .

𝑥 𝑡 3𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 2 .
Ans: 𝑒 𝑒 Re{s}>-3

(b) Sketch the zero-pole plot and region of convergence, ROC (if it exists) of the
signal 𝑥 𝑡 .
Ans: Re{s}>-3, Sketch the ROC from X= -3 to right hand side.

(c) Solve ℒ 𝑥 𝑡 using the time shifting property of Laplace transform.

Ans: 𝑥 𝑡 3𝑒 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 2 ,𝑥 𝑠 3𝑒 𝑒
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2. (a) Consider the system shown in Figure Q2 (a).

(i) Find the overall impulse response of the system, ℎ 𝑡 with impulse
responses given below.

ℎ 𝑡 7𝑡 𝑢 𝑡
ℎ 𝑡 4𝑢 𝑡
ℎ 𝑡 𝑢 𝑡
Ans: ℎ 𝑡 3.5𝑡 4𝑡 𝑢 𝑡

(ii) Identify whether the system is stable or unstable.

Ans: 3.5𝑡 4𝑡 𝑢 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∞
ℎ 𝑡 is un-integrable, so it is unstable system (Properties ROC 3)
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3. (a) Define region of convergence (ROC).

Ans: ROC are the values of s for which the integral 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 converge.

(b) Write any two properties of ROC of Laplace transform.

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 (c) The output of an LTI system can be easily determined in s-domain using the
convolution property of Laplace transform. If a signal

𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 𝑢 𝑡 3

is an input to a system with the impulse response given by

ℎ 𝑡 3𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 ,

(i) Determine the output, 𝑦 𝑡 using the Laplace transform convolution

property.
Ans: 𝑦 𝑡 3 𝑒 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 3𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡

(ii) The system, ℎ 𝑡 is cascaded in series to another system, ℎ 𝑡 with its

transfer function given by

𝑠 1
𝐻 𝑠
𝑠 2

forming a new system, ℎ 𝑡 . Determine the stability of the new system,

ℎ 𝑡 .
Ans: ℎ 𝑡 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 ; System is stable, must include
jw axis.
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4. Given the following facts about a real signal 𝑥 𝑡 with Laplace transform of 𝑋 𝑠 .

𝑋 𝑠 has exactly two poles.

𝑋 𝑠 has no zeros in the finite s-plane.
𝑋 𝑠 has a pole at 𝑠 1 𝑗.
𝑋 0 8.
𝑒 𝑥 𝑡 is not absolutely integrable.

Determine 𝑋 𝑠 and specify its region of convergence.

Ans: ROC is Re{s} >-1 so that it is not include jw axis.
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5. Given the signal 𝑥 𝑡 3𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 2 .

(a) Find the Laplace transform of 𝑥 𝑡 using the definition of Laplace transform.
Ans: 𝑒 𝑒 Re{s}>-3

(b) Sketch the zero-pole plot and region of convergence (if it exists) of the signal
𝑥 𝑡 .
Ans: ROC is from t=-3 to the right of the s-plane.

(c) Solve ℒ 𝑥 𝑡 using the time shifting property of Laplace transform.

Ans: ℒ 3𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 2
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6. Differentiate between causal and non-causal system.

7. (a) Given an impulse response, of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system as shown in

Figure Q7 (a).

Figure Q7(a)

(i) Identify the stability of the LTI system.

Ans: Unstable

(ii) If the input signal, to the LTI system is given by

𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡
Find the output response of the system, by using the definition of convolution
integral.
Ans:𝑦 𝑡 𝑢 𝑡

(iii) Determine the causality of the output signal, 𝑦 𝑡 .

Ans: Signal is causal.
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8. Figure Q8 shows a block diagram of a feedback system.

Figure Q8

(i) Analyze the overall system function of the feedback system if

𝐻 𝑠 𝐻 𝑠

Ans: 𝐻 𝑠

(ii) Sketch the zero-pole plot of the system.

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 9. The region of convergence (ROC) of the feedback system in Q8 above is unknown.
Determine all possible impulse responses of the feedback systems by looking at the
stability and causality of the response. Show the region of convergences (ROCs) for all
cases.

Ans: Using partial fraction expansion to find the H(s). 𝐻 𝑠 . Then

find the all possible cases.
Case I, ROC is to the right of the right most pole.
 Causal but not stable
 ℎ 𝑡 𝑒 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡

Case II, ROC is between 2 poles.

 Non-Causal but stable
 ℎ 𝑡 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡

Case III, ROC to the left of the leftmost pole.

 AntiCausal (ROC is to the left of the leftmost pole.
 Un- stable
 ℎ 𝑡 𝑒 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡
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