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1. Welcome to your familiarization flight in the F-15C Eagle. The legendary Eagle is one
of the world's most successful fighter aircraft with an unmatched win to loss air combat
record. To pause the mission at any time, press the PAUSE key.
2. The Eagle is an all weather,day and night air superiority fighter that is powered by
twin Pratt and Whitney PW-220 afterburning turbofan engines, each rated at 23,830
pounds of static thrust.
3. This bird is capable of reaching speeds in excess of Mach 2.5 with a service ceiling of
over 60,000 feet.
4. In this lesson, you'll learn about the Heads Up Display (HUD), the front panel gauges,
and how to navigate.
5. Starting with the HUD, you can see that it is quite similar to the HUD in the A-10.So,
we'll go over the basics pretty quickly.
6. In the center of the HUD is the Velocity Vector and the pitch ladder, on the left side is
the airspeed scale, and on the right side is the altitude scale. The heading tape is along
the top of the HUD with a small inverted caret indicating your current magnetic heading
in relation to the scale. This is where the similarities end though.
7. In the center of the HUD is a "W" shaped waterline s symbol that represents the
longitudinal axis of that aircraft.
This indicates where the nose is pointed. The distance between the waterline the velocity
vector is the aircraft's angle of attack.
8. Above the waterline but below the heading scale is the gun cross which is positioned
two degrees above the waterline; it will appear when the weapons are active.
9. Below the airspeed scale is the G indication, and below the altitude scale is the
navigation data block that displays information regarding your steerpoint and navigation
mode.
10. Now we'll move down to the instrument panel. Five basic instruments are required to
keep the blue side up when you can't see anything out the canopy. These five
instruments are the ADI, the HSI, Altimeter, Airspeed Indicator, and the Vertical Velocity
Indicator. Because these are the same as reviewed in the A-10, I'll not repeat myself
here.
11. An additional instrument on the panel is the angle of attack indicator that displays
the current angle of attack in units from 0 to 45. An index mark is set at the critical angle
of attack of 22 units. Below this is the accelerometer, or G-meter.
12. Next are the engine tachometers that indicate engine power as a percentage of
maximum RPM. The red band indicates use of afterburner.
Below the engine RPM gauges are the engine temperature gauges that indicate turbine
inlet temperature in increments of 100 degrees Celsius.The red band indicates the over-
temperature zone.
Continuing down the panel are the fuel flow gauges that measure fuelflow to the engines
in pounds of fuel per hour.
Note the use of afterburner can radically increase fuel flow.
Next are the exhaust nozzle position indicators that show how open or closed the engine
exhaust cans are. These gauges show the position as a percentage of being completely
open at 100.
13. To the right of the engine instruments is the fuel quantity indicator that displays
remaining fuel in the internal and external fuel tanks. Fuel is measured in thousands of
pounds.
14. Let's now take a look at navigation data displayed on the HUD. On the navigation
data block, the data is formatted into three lines.
The first line shows the waypoint number acting as the steerpoint and the operating
mode. You can cycle the waypoints by pressing the ~ (tilde) key.
The second line shows the distance in nautical miles to the steerpoint.
The bottom line indicates the estimated time remaining to reach the steerpoint.
15. Also on the HUD, we have the integrated flight director cross. This provides you with
pitch and roll steering guidance to place you on the course track line. To use this, simply
maneuver the aircraft to keep the cross centered in the HUD.
16. This concludes this lesson. You can now press the ESC key to take control and
practice navigation using the loaded flight plan.
1. U ovoj lekciji naučit ćemo kako koristiti pulsno-doplerski radar AN/APG-63 za traženje, zahvaćanje i napadanje
zračnih ciljeva. APG-63 kombinira mogućnosti pretraživanja i napadanja na velikom dometu s kompletom značajki
za automatsko zahvaćanje, koje pružaju trenutačne informacije i proračune potrebne tijekom zračne borbe.
Za pauziranje lekcije možete u bilo kojem trenutku pritisnuti tipku "Pause".
2. APG-63 ima dva načina pretraživanja na velikom dometu: određivanje tijekom traženja (RWS - Range While
Search) i praćenje tijekom pretraživanja (TWS - Track While Scan). Cilj se može zahvatiti (označi) u načinu
praćenja jednog cilja (STT - Single Target Track) ili označenog praćenja tijekom pretraživanja (DTWS -
Designated Track While Scan). Podaci dobiveni radarom prikazani su na HUD pokazivaču ili na pokazivaču
vertikalne situacije (VSD - Vertical Situation Display). Pomoću tih informacija možete napasti ciljeve koristeći
poluaktivno navodeću raketu srednjeg dometa AIM-7M "Sparrow" ili naprednu raketu zrak-zrak srednjeg dometa
AIM-120B/C (AMRAAM - Advanced Medium Range Air to Air Missile).
3. Prvo je potrebno uključiti radar pritiskom tipke "I" i pristupiti načinu RWS pritiskom tipke "2". To će promijeniti
podatke na HUD i VSD, kako bi podržavali način za borbu izvan vidljivosti (BVR - Beyond Visual Range).
Sad možete odabrati raketu AIM-7 pritiskanjem tipke "D" dok se pokraj oznake 7M ne prikaže uokvirena poruka o
spremnosti (RDY - Ready) na programibilnom kompletu upravljanja naoružanjem (PACS - Programmable
Armament Control Set). Također možete uočiti oznaku "7M" na HUD pokazivaču.
4. Na VSD pokazivaču možemo vidjeti trokutnu pomičnu oznaku azimuta radarske antene i ljestvicu s
graničnicima u obliku kružića koji naznačuju kut 60° od središnjice zrakoplova, odnosno 120° punog
pretraživanja. Azimut pretraživanja možemo promijeniti pritiskanjem tipki "DCtrl +" ili "DCtrl -", kako bi prebacili
između 30° i 60°. Azimut od 60° pruža šire područje pretraživanja, ali 30° daje brže osvježavanje podataka.
5. Uz lijevi rub VSD je trokutna oznaka elevacije antene i ljestvica. Kružići uz ljestvicu elevacije predstavljaju
pokrivanje radarskim snopom i prikazuju najveću i najmanju visinu koje se pretražuju, u tisućama stopa.
Elevacijski volumen pretraživanja može se podignuti ili spustiti pritiskanjem tipki "DShift ;" ili "DShift .".
Ako je visina cilja značajno veća ili manja od vaše, morat ćete prilagoditi elevaciju pretraživanja kako biste ga
pronašli.
Oznaka uz ljestvicu naznačuje pretraživanje kroz četiri trake u rasterskoj shemi radarskog pretraživanja.
6. Brojka u gornjem desnom kutu VSD je odabrana daljina i može se mijenjati pritiskanjem tipki "+" i "-". Najmanja
udaljenost prikazivanja na VSD je 10 nautičkih milja, a najveća daljina je 160 nautičkih milja.
7. Stvarna brzina zrakoplova (TAS - True Air Speed) prikazana je u donjem desnom kutu, a brzina zrakoplova u
odnosu na tlo (GS - Ground Speed) prikazana je u donjem lijevom kutu.
8. Iznad brzine u odnosu na tlo prikazana je trenutna frekvencija ponavljanja impulsa radara (PRF - Pulse
Repetition Frequency). Ona se može prebacivati između visoke "HI", srednje "MED" i izmjenjive "ILV" pritiskanjem
tipki "DShift + I". Visoka "HI" ima najveći domet i najpogodnija je za ciljeve s velikom brzinom približavanja.
Srednja "MED" ima manji domet, ali je najbolja za ciljeve s malom brzinom približavanja. Izmjenjiva "ILV"
prebacuje PRF između "HI" i "MED". Lijevo od pokazivača PRF prikazana je trenutna traka u rasteru
pretraživanja.
9. U središtu VSD nalazi se linija umjetnog horizonta i pomičan označivač cilja (TDC - Target Designation Cursor).
Oznaku TDC možete pomicati pritiskanjem tipki ",", ".", "/" i ";". Pomicanjem TDC do samog vrha ili do dna VSD
također možete promijeniti daljinu VSD prikazivanja. Pomicanjem TDC prema gore i dolje na VSD mijenja se i
elevacijski volumen pretraživanja jer je radarski snop u obliku konusa - s povećavanjem udaljenosti taj konus se
proširuje. TDC vam pruža predodžbu o volumenu prostora koji pokriva radar.
10. Puna vodoravna crta na VSD naznačuje neprijateljski kontakt. Mali okrugli simbol predstavlja prijateljski
kontakt. Oznake ciljeva će s prolaskom vremena polako nestajati s VSD pokazivača.
11. Oznaku TDC namjestit ćemo na neprijateljski cilj i pritisnuti tipku "Enter" kako bismo ga zahvatili u STT načinu
praćenja jednog cilja. Za prekidanje zahvata pritisnite tipku "Backspace".
12. Sad se nalazimo u načinu pripreme za lansiranje i cjelokupna energija radara je fokusirana na taj jedan
zahvaćeni cilj. Taj cilj je naš primarni označeni cilj (PDT - Primary Designated Target) i radar nam pruža
informacije o njegovoj brzini, prilaznom kutu i kursu u gornjem lijevom kutu VSD. PDT je prikazan u obliku
zvjezdice s linijom koja se produžuje iz njega, koja prikazuje njegov vektor leta.
13. Visina PDT cilja nalazi se pored strelice na ljestvici visine, a brzina približavanja prati se na ljestvici dinamičke
zone lansiranja (DLZ - Dynamic Launch Zone). Za postizanje najbolje vjerojatnosti uspjeha potrebno je da se DLZ
oznaka nalazi unutar okvira zone iz koje nema bijega.
Ispod DLZ pokazivača prikazana je udaljenost cilja. Lijevo od nje prikazan je kurs za presretanje cilja, a sljedeće
ulijevo je procijenjeno vrijeme do pogotka raketom. Sustav za prepoznavanje ne-kooperativnog cilja (NCTR -
Non-Cooperative Target Recognition) prepoznalo je cilj kao transportni zrakoplov IL-76.
14. Na HUD pokazivaču, okvir označenog cilja (TD - Target Designation) prikazuje položaj PDT cilja, a kružnica
dopuštene pogreške upravljanja (ASE - Allowable Steering Error) pomoću oznake kuta prikazuje kurs cilja. Ako je
zahvaćen prijateljski cilja, TD okvir bit će prekrižen.
Zrakoplovom moramo upravljati tako da točka upravljanja bude unutar ASE kružnice.
Uočite da se DLZ rakete iz VSD pokazivača također prikazan na HUD-u.
Kad cilj uđe u domet rakete AIM-7, ispod TD okvira prikazuje se oznaka trokuta.
15. Pritisnite "DAlt + Razmaknica" da biste lansirali raketu.
Trepćuća oznaka "T" vremena do presretanja (TTI - Time To Intercept) pri dnu HUD odbrojavat će do nule, prema
procijenjenom vremenu presretanja rakete. Za raketu AIM-7 potrebno je cilj držati zahvaćenim tijekom cijelog leta
rakete.
16. Sad ćemo odabrati raketu AIM-120 pritiskom tipke "D". Uočite oznaku odabira "120C" na pokazivačima PACS
i HUD.
17. Povećat ćemo domet pretraživanja radara pritiskom tipke "+" i odabrati TWS način praćenja tijekom
pretraživanja pritiskom tipki "DAlt + I".
18. Za razliku od RWS načina, ovdje svaki otkriveni cilj sadrži vektor i naznaku visine.
Pomoću tipku ",", ".", "/" i ";" namjestit ćemo oznaku TDC na cilj i pritisnuti tipku "Enter" kako bismo ga označili u
DTWS načinu označenog praćenja tijekom pretraživanja.
19. Sad ćemo označiti drugi cilj koji time postaje sekundarni označeni cilj (SDT - Secondary Designated Target),
što je naznačeno kvadratom. Kao i kod prvog SDT, pored njega nalazi se oznaka "1".
20. Koristeći raketu AIM-120 i označavajući više ciljeva na ovaj način, moguće je istovremeno lansirati i navoditi
rakete AIM-120 na nekoliko različitih ciljeva.
Kad cilj uđe u domet rakete AIM-120, ispod TD okvira prikazuje se oznaka zvjezdice.
U donjem desnom kutu HUD je vremenski mjerač "M" koji prikazuje vrijeme do aktiviranja rakete AIM-120. Kao i
kod AIM-7, pritisnite "DAlt + Razmaknica" da biste lansirali raketu.
21. Ovim je završena lekcija o korištenju radara i radarski navođenih raketa.
14. Programmable Armament Control Set
and Tactical Electronic Warfare System
1. Welcome to the F-15C training mission on the Programmable Armament Control set,
or PACS, and the Tactical Electronic Warfare System, or TEWS. The PACS displays the
weapon inventory onboard the aircraft and the TEWS receives and displays radar
emitting threats.
Press the PAUSE key to pause the mission at any time.
2. We'll begin with the PACS and review its information. Starting at the top, the external
fuel tank stations are listed left, center, and right. If the station has an external fuel tank
loaded on it, it will indicate FUEL. If not, it will indicate PYLON.
3. In the upper left corner of the PACS is number of gun round remaining. In this case it
is 940.
In the upper right portion of the PACS, the number of remaining Chaff (CHF)and Flares
(FLR)is listed.
4. Along the right side of the PACS is the AIM-9 seeker coolant status. When an AIM-9 is
onboard and an air-to-air mode is selected, this will indicate COOL. In the lower left
corner of the PACS is the SCAN indication. This will be visible when the AIM-9 is selected
and it's in scanning mode (6 key).
5. The primary function of the PACS is to display missile inventory and status. The PACS
display represents a top-down view of the aircraft wing form. The various stations are
then represented on this diagram.
6. Two types of weapons can be selected, Medium Range Missiles (MRM.and Short Range
Missiles (SRM. . You can cycle the weapon type by selecting the D key.
When an MRM is selected, its status on the PACS will be shown as Ready (RDY). If not
RDY, it will be in standby (STBY)mode.MRM missiles include the AIM-7M, AIM-120B and
AIM-120C.
When an SRM missile is selected, its status will change from SRM to RDY. SRM missiles
include the AIM-9P and the AIM-9M.
7. The TEWS systems is centered on the ALR-56C Radar Warning Receiver (RWR.that
provides electronic detection and identification of both surface and airborne radar
emitters.
In addition to the RWR, the system also includes chaff and flare dispensers and an
integrated Electronic Countermeasure (ECM.system. To release chaff to decoy radar
guided threats, press the Insert key.
To release flares to decoy infrared-guided threats, press the Delete key.
To turn on ECM, pres the E key. It will take 15 seconds for the ECM to become active, but
when it does, it will reduce the range at which enemy radars can lock you up.
8. The RWR can distinguish different radar emitter modes: Search, Lock, and
Launch.These each have different audio and visual cues from the TEWS. The RWR will
also provide bearing information to the emitter and its type.
9. Looking at the display scope, our aircraft is represented as the central cross and radar
emitters are displayed around it from a top down view.The closer the emitter is to you,
the closer its icon will be to the center of the display.
10. We have detected several radar emittersincluding an A-50"Mainstay" AWACS aircraft
that appears as a50 symbol behind us (below the cross. . When a symbol has an inverted
caret above it, it indicates that it is an airborne emitter. The 50 indicates the emitter
type.
We also have an SD symbol ahead of us that indicates a "Snow Drift" acquisition radar
for an SA-11 SAM site.
A complete list of emitter symbols can be found in the flight manual.
11. The last detected emitter will have a hemisphere hat on top of its symbol and the
highest threat emitter will have a diamond around it.
12. If the display becomes too cluttered with symbols, you can declutter it by pressing
Right Shift and R to only show emitters that are either in lock o
14. Programibilan komplet upravljanja naoružanjem i Sustav taktičkog
elektroničkog ratovanja
1. Dobro došli u F-15C lekciju obuke o Programibilnom kompletu upravljanja naoružanjem (PACS -
Programmable Armament Control Set) i Sustavu taktičkog elektroničkog ratovanja (TEWS - Tactical Electronic
Warfare System). PACS prikazuje raspoloživo naoružanje na zrakoplovu, a TEWS prima i prikazuje radarske
prijetnje.
Za pauziranje lekcije pritisnite tipku "Pause".
2. Započet ćemo s PACS-om i pregledom njegovih informacija. Na samom vrhu navedeni su vanjski spremnici
goriva: lijevi, srednji i desni. Ako se na podvjesnoj točki nalazi spremnik, bit će prikazano "FUEL". Ako nema
spremnika, prikazano je "PYLON".
3. U gornjem lijevom kutu PACS-a prikazan je broj preostalih topovskih zrna. U ovom slučaju to je 940.
U gornjem desnom kutu naveden je broj preostalih mamaca sječki "CHF" (Chaff) i baklji "FLR" (Flare).
4. Uz desni rub je stanje rashlađenosti tragača rakete AIM-9. Kad je podvješen AIM-9 i odabran je način zrak-
zrak, bit će prikazano "COOL". U donjem lijevom kutu prikazana je poruka "SCAN". Ona će biti označena kad je
odabrana raketa AIM-9 i kad je u načinu pretraživanja (tipka "6").
5. Primarna funkcija PACS-a je prikaz raspoloživih raketa i njihovog stanja. PACS prikazuje tlocrt krila zrakoplova.
Na ovom dijagramu prikazane su različite podvjesne točke.
6. Moguće je odabrati dvije vrste oružja: rakete srednjeg dometa (MRM - Medium Range Missiles) i rakete
kratkog dometa (SRM - Short Range Missiles). Između oružja možete prebacivati pritiskanjem tipke "D".
Kad je odabrana MRM raketa, njezino stanje na PACS-u bit će prikazano kao spremno "RDY". Ako nije spremna,
bit će u stanju načina pripreme "STBY". MRM rakete obuhvaćaju AIM-7M, AIM-120B i AIM-120C.
Kad je obarana SRM raketa, njezino stanje promijenit će se iz "SRM" u "RDY". SRM rakete obuhvaćaju AIM-9P i
AIM-9M.
7. Središte TEWS sustava je ALR-56C upozoravajući radarski prijemnik (RWR - Radar Warning Receiver) koji
pruža elektroničko otkrivanje i identifikaciju radarskog zračenja u zraku i na tlu.
Pored RWR-a, sustav obuhvaća i izbacivače mamaca sječke i baklji, te integrirani sustav elektroničkih protumjera
(ECM - Electronic Counter Measure). Da biste izbacili sječke za ometanje radarski navođenih prijetnji, pritisnite
tipku "Insert".
Da biste izbacili baklje za ometanje infracrveno navođenih prijetnji, pritisnite tipku "Delete".
Za uključivanje ECM pritisnite tipku "E". Bit će potrebno 15 sekundi kako bi se ECM aktivirao, a nakon toga će
smanjivati domet na kojem vas neprijateljski radari mogu zahvatiti.
8. RWR može prepoznati različite načine emitiranja radarskog zračenja: pretraživanje, zahvaćanje i lansiranje.
Svaki od njih imat će posebnu audio i vizualnu signalizaciju iz TEWS-a. RWR će također pružiti informacije o
kursu prema odašiljaču i o njegovoj vrsti.
9. Prikaz na zaslonu predstavlja naš zrakoplov kao križ u središtu zaslona, a radarski odašiljači su prikazani oko
njega u tlocrtu. Bliži odašiljač bit će prikazan ikonom koja je bliža središtu zaslona.
10. Otkrili smo nekoliko radarskih odašiljača, uključujući AWACS zrakoplov A-50, koji je prikazan kao simbol "50" i
nalazi se iza nas (ispod križa). Ako se iznad simbola nalazi obrnuto slovo V, time se naznačuje da je odašiljač u
zraku. Oznaka "50" naznačuje vrstu odašiljača.
Također je prisutan simbol "SD" koji naznačuje ciljnički radar 9S18 "Kupol" na PZO sustavu 9K37 "Buk" (NATO
nazivi: "Snow Drift" i SA-11 "Gadfly").
Cjelokupni popis simbola odašiljača možete pronaći u letačkom priručniku.
11. Najnoviji otkriveni odašiljač imat će iznad simbola polukružnu oznaku, a a odašiljač koji predstavlja najveću
prijetnju bit će uokviren rombom.
12. Ako zaslon postane previše zakrčen simbolima, može smanjiti broj prikazanih simbola pritiskanjem "DShift +
R", kako biste prikazali samo odašiljače koji su u načinu rada zahvaćanja ili lansiranja.
16. AIM-120/AIM-7 Auto Acquisition Modes
and Home on Jam
1. Hello and welcome to this mission in which we'll discuss radar auto-acquisitions
modes, the Home On Jam (HOJ.mode, the FLOOD mode for the AIM-7, and the VISUAL
mode for the AIM-120.
Press the PAUSE key at any time to pause the mission.
2. In addition to the automatic gun lock mode, the radar also has a Radar Boresight and
Vertical Scan auto-acquisition modes that are useful out to 10 nautical miles.
3. Let's first press the 4 key to enable Radar Boresight mode and this will also
automatically turn on the radar.
As you can see, an AIM-120 is cued up and the radar is scanning along the boresight
reticle for a target. Maneuver to place a target in the reticle and the radar will
automatically lock it up.
4. With the target locked and the TD box showing on the HUD, press Right ALT and the
SPACE bar together to launch the missile.
5. With AIM-120 still selected, we'll take a look at launching an AIM-120 in VISUAL
mode.
When an AIM-120 is selected and you are in BVR mode by pressing the 2 key, a dashed
12 degree reference circle appears on the HUD and VISUAL is displayed in the bottom
right corner of the HUD.If you place a target in the reference circle that is within 8
nautical miles, the missile will use its onboard radar seeker to lock it up and intercept it.
This can be a quick way to get off a shot without first getting a radar lock.
6. Next is the Vertical Scan auto-acquisition mode. This mode is most useful in a turning
fight with the target along your lift vector.
Press the 3 key to activate it and then press the D key to cycle to an AIM-9 Sidewinder.
7. When in Vertical Scan mode, the radar scans from 5 to 55 degrees vertically and 7.5
degrees in azimuth. You can see this here in the VSD.
On the HUD, we now have a vertical line extending to the top of the HUD that is
representative of the scan pattern. We want to maneuver the aircraft to place the target
near this line to lock it up automatically.
8. I'll now press the D key to select an AIM-7 and the 6 key to select boresight mode so
we can take a look at FLOOD mode.
Unlike the AIM-120 that has its own radar seeker, the AIM-7 needs reflected energy from
your radar off the target to guide on. In FLOOD mode, we simply keep the target within
the 12 degree FLOOD reference reticle on the HUD and launch the missile. Note that
you'll need to keep the target within the reticle the entire time of missile flight. This is a
useful AIM-7 mode because you don't need a radar lock.
9. Let's now take a look at Home On Jam mode that allows you to fire a missile that will
home in on the emissions of a target's electronic countermeasure device. To do so, I'll
enter BVR mode by pressing the 2 key first. You can use both the AIM-7 and AIM-120 in
HOJ mode.
On the VSD, you can see that we have a vertical series of bars. This indicates a jamming
strobe along that azimuth.
10. To lock up the strobe, position the TDC over the strobe and press the ENTER key to
lock it passively. When you do so, you get an Angle On Jam indication at the bottom of
the VSD, a line through the strobe, and an HOJ indication on the HUD.
11. Because the target is jamming our radar, we don't have any range data. So, we have
to use our best judgment to decide when to firebased on the selected missile.
12. This concludes this lesson.
16. Vođene rakete AIM-120 i AIM-7: Načini automatskog zahvaćanja i
navođenje na ometanje (HOJ)
1. Dobro došli u lekciju obuke za radarske načine automatskog zahvaćanja, navođenja na ometanje "HOJ",
poplavnog načina "FLOOD" za raketu AIM-7 i vizualnog načina "VISUAL" za AIM-120.
Za pauziranje lekcije pritisnite tipku "Pause".
2. Pored načina za automatsko zahvaćanje topom, radar također raspolaže načinima automatskog zahvaćanja iz
radarskog uzdužnog ciljanja (Boresight) i iz vertikalnog pretraživanja, koji su korisni do udaljenosti od 10 nautičkih
milja (18,5 km).
3. Prvo pritisnimo tipku "4" kako bismo aktivirali radarsko uzdužno ciljanje, čime se automatski uključuje i radar.
Kao što možete vidjeti, raketa AIM-120 je odabrana i radar pretražuje unutar končanice uzdužnog ciljanja.
Manevrirajte kako biste cilj smjestili unutar končanice i radar će ga automatski zahvatiti.
4. Dok je cilj zahvaćen i na HUD-u je prikazan TD okvir, pritisnite "DAlt + Razmaknica" da biste lansirali raketu.
5. Dok je još odabrana raketa AIM-120, proučit ćemo njezino lansiranje u načinu "VISUAL".
Kad je odabrana raketa AIM-120 i nalazite se u načinu BVR pritiskom tipke "2", na HUD-u se prikazuje crtkana
kružnica konusa 12°, a u desnom donjem kutu prikazana je poruka "VISUAL". Ako unutar referentne kružnice
smjestite cilj koji je na udaljenosti manjoj od 8 nautičkih milja (15 km), raketa će koristiti svoj vlastiti radar da bi
zahvatila i presrela cilj. To može biti brzi način da otvaranje paljbe bez potrebe za prethodnim ostvarivanjem
radarskog zahvata.
6. Sljedeći način je automatsko zahvaćanje iz vertikalnog pretraživanja. Ovaj način je najkorisniji u borbi sa
zaokretima, pri čemu se cilj nalazi na vašoj vertikalnoj liniji kretanja.
Pritisnite tipku "3" da biste aktivirali ovaj način, a zatim pritišćite tipku "D" dok ne odaberete raketu AIM-9
"Sidewinder".
7. Kad ste u načinu vertikalnog pretraživanja, radar pretražuje područje elevacije 5°- 55° i azimuta 7,5°. To
možete vidjeti na VSD pokazivaču.
Na HUD pokazivaču sad je prikazana vertikalan linija koja se proteže do vrha HUD-a i predstavlja područje
pretraživanja. Potrebno je manevrirati zrakoplovom kako bi cilj namjestili u blizini ove linije radi ostvarivanje
automatskog zahvata.
8. Sad pritiskanjem tipke "D" odaberemo raketu AIM-7, a tipkom "6" odabiremo uzdužno pretraživanje kako
bismo proučili poplavni način "FLOOD".
Za razliku od rakete AIM-120 koja raspolaže vlastitim radarskim tragačem, AIM-7 zahtjeva reflektiranje energiju
vašeg radara s cilja kako bi se navodila. U poplavnom načinu samo održavamo cilj unutar referentne končanice s
konusom od 12° na HUD-u i lansiramo raketu. Napominjemo da je cilja potrebno držati unutar končanice tijekom
cijelog leta rakete. To je koristan način za raketu AIM-7 jer ne zahtjeva radarski zahvat.
9. Proučimo način navođenja na ometanje "HOJ", koji omogućuje lansiranje rakete koja će se navoditi na
zračenje uređaja za elektroničke protumjere na cilju. Da bi smo to mogli učiniti, pristupio BVR načinu pritiskom
tipke "2". U načinu "HOJ" možete koristiti rakete AIM-7 i AIM-120.
Na VSD pokazivaču možete vidjeti uspravne trake. One naznačuju signal ometanja na tom azimutu.
10. Da bi zahvatili ometanje, namjestite TDC na signal i pritisnite tipku "Enter" kako biste zahvatili u pasivnom
načinu. Kad to učinite, pri dnu VSD prikazat će se poruka o kutu prema ometanju "AOJ" (Angle On Jam) s
iscrtanom linijom kroz signal, a na HUD-u je prikazana poruka "HOJ".
11. Obzirom da cilj ometa naš radar, nemamo nikakve podatke o udaljenosti. Iz tog razloga, moramo što bolje
procijeniti o trenutku lansiranja, ovisno o odabranoj raketi.
12. Time se završava ova lekcija.
29. Introduction (Part 1)
1. Welcome to the Su-25T orientation lesson. The Su-25T is an upgraded version of the
famous Su-25 close air support aircraft.
2. The Su-25T is equipped with a relatively standard avionics package for a fourth
generation Russian aircraft of its class, including a Heads Up Display (HUD) and
numerous autopilot functions. Compared to the standard Su-25, the Tango version is
heavier due to additional fuel tanks and avionics compartments installed in the fuselage.
To accommodate the added equipment, a distinct hump was added behind the cockpit.
3. On the Su-25T, the ailerons and elevators are linked to a hydraulic booster system,
while the rudder is connected to the pedals through a standard mechanical assembly.
This is a change from the standard Su-25 that uses hydraulic boosters for aileron control
only.
4. To take control of the aircraft or exit the mission at anytime, you can press the "ESC"
key.
5. In this lesson, we'll review HUD navigation mode symbology, as well as how to fly
along a planned route using direct control. We'll also discuss numerous non-combat
autopilot modes. It's recommended that you become familiar with the cockpit
instrumentation and flight-navigation procedures of the standard Su-25 before
proceeding in this lesson.
6. The instrument panel of the Su-25T is very similar to that of the standard Su-25. The
airspeed indicator has been altered to include a yellow scale to show true airspeed
(TAS).A new autopilot panel has been added to the lower left corner of the instrument
panel. We'll discuss this panel in more detail later.
7. The HUD is directly in front of you. Let's discuss HUD symbology before exploring the
navigation and landing modes.
8. The center of the HUD is dominated by the aircraft datum and the artificial horizon
reference line. The aircraft datum represents your plane as viewed from behind. The
position of the aircraft datum relative to the artificial horizon indicates your plane's actual
position in space.
9. When the aircraft is rolled, the aircraft datum rolls with it, indicating the angle of bank.
This allows the pilot to maintain orientation even when the actual horizon is not visible.
10. The aircraft datum is surrounded by a bank angle scale. The large tick marks
correspond to 15, 30, and 60 degrees, while the small tick marks indicate 5 and 10
degrees. The aircraft datum is fixed in the center of the HUD and the horizon line moves
up or down relative to the indicated pitch angle.
11. To the right of the aircraft datum and artificial horizon pitch angle. Further to the
right is the vertical velocity scale, which indicates the aircraft's climb and descent rates in
m/s.
12. In the upper left corner of the HUD is the Indicated Airspeed (IAS) in km/h. The
small scale and triangle carat underneath the IAS is the acceleration/deceleration
indicator. The smaller readout above the IAS is the assigned airspeed for the current
route leg.
13. To the right of the IAS is the heading tape with the current heading carat.
14. In the upper right corner of the HUD is the altitude readout. When flying within the
functional range of the radar altimeter, the "P" (Russian "R") cue will be added to the
altitude display to indicate that radar altitude is being measured. If the aircraft's altitude
or bank angle passes beyond the limits of the radar altimeter, the radar altitude
indication will be replaced by barometric altitude. The smaller readout above the altitude
indication is the assigned barometric altitude for the current route leg.
15. The bottom left corner of the HUD displays the HUD mode or sub-mode. When in
NAV mode, the range to the selected navigation point is displayed in the bottom center of
the HUD and the sequential number in the route plan for that point is to the right and
slightly above the range display.
16. A director circle is in the center of the HUD. The director circle indicates the direction
in which you must fly in order to stay on the flight plan. By following the director circle,
you can stay on route even in zero-visibility conditions. Directed flight control makes it
possible to find the assigned course line even when manually selecting between
waypoints by performing course corrections as directed by the director circle.
17. "Enroute" is the primary and most complex autopilot mode, engaged by pressing the
"A" key. "Enroute" mode will follow the director circle. Let's give it a try.
18. We'll intentionally take the aircraft off course and then engage "Enroute" mode. Once
the autopilot takes over, we'll just have to monitor the airspeed and keep it within limits
with inputs on the throttles. Note that the autopilot is maneuvering within the restrictions
of 15 degrees maximumangle of attack and no more than 3 g's.
19. As we are turning off course, we can take a little time to discuss the various autopilot
modes. The primary mode, as I've mentioned, is "Enroute" mode, which is engaged when
the "A" key is pressed while the HUD is in NAV mode. The "Enroute" mode takes over
aircraft control to find and maintain the flight route as planned in the mission editor. You
are left to monitor and control the airspeed.
20. Another autopilot mode is the "Landing" mode. This mode is also engaged by
pressing the "A" key. The "Landing" autopilot mode will be selected when the HUD mode
is switched from NAV to LANDING.
21. The "Attitude Stabilization" mode is engaged by pressing "LALT + 1". This can be
useful when flying a spiral climb or descent pattern.
22. The "Altitude and Bank Hold" mode is engaged by pressing "LALT + 2". This mode
can be used to maintain an orbit pattern.
23. The "Level Flight" mode is engaged by pressing "LALT + 3". This mode will bring the
aircraft to wings-level at any attitude. Keep in mind that the autopilot is limited to 3 g,
although you can always help it along by applying more pressure to the stick.
24. The "Altitude Hold" mode is engaged by pressing "LALT + 4". This mode will maintain
the current barometric altitude but you will retain full roll authority. Keep in mind the 60-
degree roll limit of the autopilot. If passed, the autopilot will disengage