Lesson Plan in Biology Grade 8

I. Objective
a. Describe the function of human digestive system
b. Label the parts of human digestive system
c. Appreciate the importance of human digestive system

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic : The human digestive system

1. Concepts
a. Digestive system – breaking down of food and absorb nutrients from
the body
b. Mouth- serve as the entrance to the digestive system
c. Esophagus – a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
d. Stomach – a large, hollow organ that temporarily store food
e. Small intestine - a long tube connected to stomach where chemical
digestion and nutrient absorption occur
f. Pancreas – produces enzyme called amylase that helps break down
carbohydrates and a substance that neutralizes stomach acid
g. Liver- produces a substance called bile that make it easier to digest
fast
h. Gall bladder- stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine
i. Large intestine- absorb water and mineral salts from the undigested
food materials
j. Rectum- temporarily storage of waste materials forms of feces

2. Process Skills
Describing, identifying and appreciate through real life situation

3. Value focus
Appreciate the importance of human digestive system

B. Materials
Visual aids, image of human digestive system, activity sheets, writing materials

C. Reference
 Science Learner module grade 8
  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-
diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works

III. Developmental Activities/ Procedures

Teachers Activity Students Activity
A. Pre-Activity

1. Review
In the last module, we discussed
about how energy transferred
from one organism to another.
Can anyone give me an example Students answer may vary.
showing energy transferred from Sun -> grass -> grasshopper-> bird -
one organism to another? > snake -> eagle -> decomposers.

2. Motivation
Jumbled letters Students will arrange the jumbled
Arrange the letters to create word. letter to create the word correctly.
 MSTACOH
 OTMUH
 TURMEC
 SPEOAHSUG
 EVRIL

3. Presentation
Our lesson for today is all about
the digestive human system.

B. Activity Proper
The students will be group into three Refer to the Activity sheets.
groups and then each group will
choose a leader, secretary and a
reporter to discuss the answer in front
of the class. Each group will only be
given 20 minutes to do their work.

Job well done class!

C. Post Activity

1. Analysis
1. What are the functions of The digestive system is a group of
digestive system? organs working together to convert

2. How does digestive system
work?
3. How does food move through
digestive tract?
4. What happens to the digested
food?
food into energy and basic nutrients
to feed the entire body. Four major
function of digestive system are
ingestion of food, digestion of food,
absorption of nutrients and
elimination of food waste materials.
Digestion works by moving food
through the digestive system. It
begins in the mouth with chewing
and ends in the small intestine. As
food passes through the digestive
tract, it mixes with digestive juices,
causing large molecules of food to
break down into smaller molecules.
The body then absorbs these
smaller molecules through the walls
of the small intestine into the
bloodstream, which delivers them
to the rest of the body. Waste
products of digestion pass through
the large intestine and out of the
body as a solid matter called stool.
The large, hollow organs of the
digestive tract contain a layer of
muscle that enables their walls to
move. The movement of organ
walls—called peristalsis—propels
food and liquid through the
digestive tract and mixes the
contents within each organ.
Peristalsis looks like an ocean wave
traveling through the muscle as it
contracts and relaxes.
The small intestine absorbs most
digested food molecules, as well as
water and minerals, and passes
them on to other parts of the body
for storage or further chemical
change. Specialized cells help

5. What would happen if we
don’t have a digestive system?
2. Abstraction
What organs make up the
digestive system?
How does digestive system break
down food to nourish the body?
absorbed materials cross the
intestinal lining into the
bloodstream. The bloodstream
carries simple sugars, amino acids,
glycerol, and some vitamins and
salts to the liver. The lymphatic
system, a network of vessels that
carry white blood cells and a fluid
called lymph throughout the body,
absorbs fatty acids and vitamins.
The digestive system is responsible
for the breakdown of food into
components that can be absorbed
and assimilated into the body, and
is connected to the excretory
system, which excretes waste, or
material that is not used by the
body. Without the digestive system,
then, we wouldn't really have a way
of acquiring the compounds and
energy necessary for our bodies to
function.
The digestive system is composed of
the mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small and large intestines, rectum
and anus. Associated with the
digestive tract are the following
accessory organs: salivary glands,
liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
The digestive system breaks down
food by mechanical and chemical
means, mechanical digestion is
done with the help of the structures
in the mouth like the teeth, while
chemical digestion is possible with
the aid of different enzymes
secreted by different glands
involved in digestion
 3. Application

How do you take care of your Students answer may vary.

digestive system?
 Eat a healthy diet
 Eat moderately, slowly and
regularly
 Exercise regularly
 Reduce/manage stress levels
 Quit smoking

4. Infusion of values
Digestion is the great secret of life. Having a good eating balanced diet
– Sydney Smith can lead you to a healthy life.

IV. Evaluation
I. Directions: In a ½ crosswise paper answer the following question.

1) What is the digestive system?

a) The body's breathing system
b) The body's system of nerves
c) The body's food-processing system
d) The body's blood-transporting system

2) What are the main functions of the digestive system?

a) Nutrition, oxygen, circulation,
b) Mastication, dissolving, digestion
c) Digestion, absorption, elimination, ingestion
d) Nutrition, absorption, elimination, digestion

3) Digestion is .
a) The breakdown of food into smaller substance that can be absorbed by the
body
b) The breakdown of food in the mouth which contains salivary amylase
c) The breakdown of starches into simple sugars to be easily swallowed in the
esophagus
d) The breakdown of protein into smaller peptides.

4) It is where the process of digestion begins.

a) Tongue
b) Teeth
 c) Mouth
d) Esophagus

5) What is the purpose of your body’s digestive system?

a) To help your blood move through the body
b) To help you breathe
c) To help your body make food
d) To help your break down food

II. 6-10. Label the parts of the digestive system

2.
1.

liver
3.
Gall bladder
Pancreas
4.
Small intestine
Appendicitis
5.

anus

III. 11-15. Write 2-3 sentences about how does your digestive system important
to you?