Sunteți pe pagina 1din 13

V.L.

SINGH’S RTR(A) PRIVATE TUTORIALS


(Email: airdreamer.airbus320@gmail.com , Mo: 08108304735)

 SYNOPSIS : GENERAL INFORMATION

 RTR (A) EXAM


Radio Telephony Restricted (Aeronautical ) Exam is conducted by WPC wing of
Ministry of Communication. This exam is conducted in 6 sessions in a year viz.
Mumbai(Feb. session)→Delhi (April session)→Chennai (June session)→Kolkata (August
session)→Delhi (Oct. session)→Hyderabad (Dec. session).

 Why radio telephony is used ?


Radiotelephony(RTF) provides the means by which pilots and ground personnel
communicate with each other . Use of non-standard RTF procedure and phraseology
can cause misunderstanding . Incidents and accidents have occurred in which a
contributing factor has been the misunderstanding cause by use of poor phraseology.
Correct phraseology and procedure as well as high standard of aeronautical
radiotelephony can contribute to the safety of operations.

 Speech Transmission Techniques.


1. The efficient use of Radio depends to a large extent on method of speaking & on the
articulation of operator. As the distinctive sounds of consonants are liable to become
blurred in the transmission of speech & as words of similar lengths containing the same
vowel are apt to sound alike , special care is necessary to ensure their proper
pronunciation.
2. When using Radio the operator should speak all words plainly & clearly to prevent
words from running together. Avoid any tendency to shout ,accent, syllables or to speak
too rapidly. The following points should be kept in mind while using radio:-
I. Speed: Keep the rate of speech constant, neither too fast nor too slow.Remember
that the operator receiving your message may have to write it down. As a
general practice maintain rate of speech not exceeding 100 words /min.
II. Rhythm: Preserve the rhythm of ordinary conversation & word pronunciation.
Also avoid introduction of unnecessary words like “er” & “um” between words.
III. Position of microphone: Microphone position near the mouth should be changed
& correct distance should be maintained all the time. Change of position of
mouth can result in over modulation & consequent distortion if it is brought too
close to mouth.

 ITU PHONETIC ALPHABETS.

LETTER WORD SPOKEN AS…


A Alpha AL-FAH
B Bravo BRAH-VOH
C Charlie CHAR –LEE
D Delta DELL-TAH
E Echo ECK-OH
F Foxtrot FOKS-TROT
G Golf GOLF
H Hotel HO-TELL
I India IN-DEE-AH
J Juliet JUE-LEE-ETT
K Kilo KEY-LOH
L Lima LEE-MAH
M Mike MIKE
N November NO-VEM-BER
O Oscar OSS-CAH
P Papa PAH-PAH
Q Quebec KEH-BECK
R Romeo ROW-ME-OH
S Sierra SEE-AIR-RAH
T Tango TANG-GO
U Uniform YOU-NEE-FORM
V Victor VIK-TAH
W Whiskey WISS-KEY
X X-ray ECKS-RAY
Y Yankee YANK-KEY
Z Zulu ZOO-LOO
 TRANSMISSION OF NUMBERS
NUMBER SPOKEN AS….
0 ZE-RO
1 WUN
2 TOO
3 TREE
4 FOW-ER
5 FIFE
6 SIX
7 SEV-EN
8 AIT
9 NIN-ER
Decimal DAY-SEE-MAL
Hundred HUN-DRED
Thousand TOU-SAND

 VARIOUS EXAMPLE OF TRANSMISSION OF NOS. & ALPHABETS.


I. All nos. except whole thousands should be transmitted by pronouncing each
digit separately .Whole thousands should be transmitted by pronouncing each
digit in number of thousands followed by word ‘Thousand’.
E.g: 10 becomes → One Zero.
75 becomes → Seven five.
100 becomes → One Zero Zero.
11000 becomes → One One thousand.
5800 becomes → Five thousand eight hundred.

II. Number containing a decimal point shall be transmitted as follows:


E.g: 121.5 becomes → One two one decimal five.

III. Monetary denominations when transmitted with groups of digits should be


transmitted in the sequence in which they are written
E.g : $17.25 becomes → Dollars One seven decimal two five.
$ 0.75 becomes → Dollar Decimal Seven five.

IV. Altitude above sea level should be expressed in thousands plus hundreds of feet.
E.g: 2700 becomes → Two thousand seven hundred feet.
FL265 becomes → Flight level Two six five.
FL90 becomes → Flight level Niner Zero .
V. Aircraft Headings are given in groups of 3 digits.
E.g: 005 degrees becomes → Heading Zero Zero Five.
E.g : 350 degrees becomes → Heading three five zero.

VI. Aerodrome Elevation are expressed in feet prefixed by expression ‘Field


Elevation’.
E.g: 150 becomes → Field elevation One five Zero.
3500 becomes → Field elevation Three thousand five hundred.

VII. Runway Designator.


E.g : 19 becomes → Runway One Niner
06 becomes → Runway Zero Six
23L becomes → Runway Two Three left.

VIII. Mach number.


E.g: 0.84 becomes →Mach decimal eight four.

IX. Altimeter Setting.


E.g : 984 becomes →QNH Niner Eight four.
1027 becomes →QNH One Zero Two Seven.
29.95 becomes → QNH Two Niner Decimal Niner Five.

X. Frequencies:
E.g: 128.3 Mhz becomes →One Two Eight decimal three.
5643 Khz becomes → Five Six Four Three.
118.100 Mhz becomes → One One Eight Decimal One

XI. Visibility.
E.g: 200 becomes → Visibility Two hundred metres.
1500 becomes → Visibility One thousand five hundred metres.

XII. Cloud Height .


E.g: 800 ft becomes → Eight hundred feet
2200 ft becomes → Two thousand two hundred feet.

XIII. Runway Visual Range.


E.g : 700 m becomes → RVR Seven hundred metres.
1600 m becomes → RVR One thousand six hundred metres.
XIV. Wind.
E.g: 150 15 KTS becomes → Wind One Five Zero One five knots.

XV. Transponder Codes.


E.g : 7600 becomes → Squawk Seven Six Zero Zero.

XVI. Aircraft Call Sign.


E.g: IT790 becomes → Kingfisher Seven Niner Zero.

XVII. Time & Date.


The twenty four hour clock system should be used to express time during
radio communications. Time should be expressed & transmitted by means of
four figures viz. the first two denoting hours past midnight and the last two
denoting minutes past the hour.
Time Expressed as… Spoken as…
12:45 am 0045 Zero Zero Four Five
12:00 noon 1200 One Two Zero Zero
11:45 pm 2345 Two Three Four Five
12:00 midnight 2400 or 0000 Two Four Zero Zero
9:20 am 0920 Z Zero Niner Two Zero Zulu

Time is usually referred to one Standard Time Zone i.e,Co-ordinated


Universal Time (UTC){often referred to as GMT or Zulu(Z) time} to avoid
confusion between different time zones.
Where Date as well as time is required , six figure group should be used. The first
two figure indicates Day of Month and the following four figures indicate the
time. E.g : 16th Day of month is expressed as 161245.

 Readability Scale.
STRENGTH READABILITY MEANING
1 Unreadable Bad
2 Readable now & then Poor
3 Readable with difficulty Fair
4 Readable Good
5 Perfectly Readable Excellent
 Airline designations.
DESIGNATION PRONOUNCED AS…
AI AIR INDIA
IC IND AIR
9W JET AIR
S2 JET LITE
6E I-FLY
IX EXPRESS INDIA
CD ALLIED
G8 GO AIR
SG SPICEJET
IT KINGFISHER
PX PAWAN HANS
17 PARAMOUNT
DN DECCAN

 Aeronautical Mobile Service Units.


UNIT CALLSIGN SUFFIX SERVICE
Area Control Service Control ATC
Approach Control Approach ATC
Approach control radar Arrival/Director ATC
arrivals
Approach control radar Departure ATC
departures
Aerodrome control Tower ATC
Clearance Delivery Delivery ATC
Direction Finding Station Homer ATC
Flight Information Service Information ATC
Radar(General) Radar ATC
Aeronautical Station Radio ATC
Precision Approach Radar Precision/Talkdown ATC
Surface Movement Radar Ground ATC
Apron Apron Operations
Control/Management
Service
Company Dispatch Dispatch Operations
 Message Category & Order of Priority.
Some messages have priority over other messages. If someone’s life is in danger then
their radio messages will have top priority over other radio transmissions. The order of
priority are as follows:
1. DISTRESS MESSAGE: RT SIGNAL- MAYDAY,MAYDAY,MAYDAY
2. URGENCY MESSAGE: RT SIGNAL- PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN
3. DIRECTION FINDING MESSAGES : QDM(Homing), QDR,QTE,QGH
4. FLIGHT SAFETY MESSAGES: Message of immediate concern to an aircraft in
flight. E.g : Windshear ,Change in Flight Plan.
5. METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES : Weather information not of immediate safety
concern.
6. FLIGHT REGULATORY MESSAGES: Operator message not of an immediate
safety requirement E.g : Maintenance , Scheduling..etc

 Aerodrome traffic circuit.

An Aerodrome traffic circuit is a standard path followed by aircraft when landing or


taking off, while maintaining visual contact with the airfield.
i. UPWIND :Begins at the point where A/C leaves the ground.It continues C↑ing
Straight ahead to gain sufficient altitude before 90⁰ left turn is made.
ii. CROSSWIND: It is a flight path at 90⁰ to take –off direction. C↑ is continued.
iii. DOWNWIND : It is a flight path parallel to landing runway in opposite of landing
direction
iv. BASELEG : It is at 90⁰ to landing runway direction & connects downwind leg to final
approach.
v. FINAL :It is flight path in direction of landing from baseleg to runway
 Runway Familarisation.
1. TORA (Take off run available): The length of the runway declared available and
suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off.
2. TODA (Take off distance available): The length of take-off run available plus the
length of clearway.{ TODA= TORA +CLEARWAY }
3. ASDA (Accelerated stop distance available): The length of take-off run available plus
length of stopway. { ASDA = TORA + STOPWAY }
4. LDA (Landing Distance Available): The length of the runway which is declared
available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing.

 Runway surface conditions.


Measured Co-efficient Estimated Braking Action Code
≥0.4 Good 5
0.39-0.36 Medium to Good 4
0.35-0.30 Medium 3
0.29-0.26 Medium to poor 2
≤0.25 Poor 1
 Reporting term for Runway Surface Condition.
Reporting Term Surface Conditions.
DRY The surface is not affected by water, slush, snow or
ice.
DAMP The surface shows a change of color due to
moisture.
WET The surface is soaked but no significant patches of
standing water are visible.
WATER PATCHES Significant patches of standing water are visible.
FLOODED Extensive patches of standing water are visible.

 FIR’s
Flight Information Region is a region of airspace of defined dimensions, in which a
Flight Information Service and Alerting Services are provided. A two letter code group
is used to designate FIR regions.
First Alphabet identifies → Aeronautical Fixed Service Routing Area.
Second Alphabet identifies → State/Country

There are 5 FIR regions in INDIA viz. Mumbai,Kolkata,Delhi,Chennai & Guwahati. Of


two letter code group , the first alphabet( identifying AFSRA) assigned for India is
‘V’.Second alphabet were assigned as per FIR regions as follows.
Mumbai FIR {Western India } A
Kolkata FIR {Eastern India } E
Guwahati FIR E
Delhi FIR {Northern India } I
Chennai FIR { Southern India} O

 Indicators used in Aeronautical charts.


i. NDB : is designated by 2 or sometimes 3 capital letters. E.g Ahmedabad→AH.
ii. VOR : is designated by 3 capital letters. E.g Delhi VOR →DPN
iii. AERODROME : is represented by 4 capital letters. E.g: Delhi→VIDP
iv. SIGNIFICANT POINT : is represented by 5 capital letters inclusive of 2 vowels.
E.g: ELHUX,IDOLA
v. ROUTES: Will have atleast one alphabet & nos. from 1-999. E.g A474.

 Location Indicators. (4 alphabets)


First two alphabets indicates → FIR region
Last two alphabet indicates → Place / Location.
MUMBAI FIR
Station L.I SMC TWR APP ACC
Mumbai VABB √ √ √ √
Ahmedabad VAAH √ √ √
Udaipur VAUD √
Vadodra VABO √
Pune VAPO √
Indore VAID √
Aurangabad VAAU √ √
Nagpur VANG √ √ √ √
Bhopal VABP √
Khajuraho VAKJ √
Raipur VARP √
Bhavnagar VABV
Songarh VASG
Pratapgarh VAPG
Jabalpur VAJB
Belgaum VABM √

DELHI FIR
STATION L.I SMC TWR APP ACC
DELHI VIDP √ √ √ √
JAIPUR VIJP √ √
JODHPUR VIJO √
GWALIOR VIGR √
LUCKNOW VILK √ √
VARANASI VIBN √ √ √
ALLAHABAD VIAL √ √ √
SRINAGAR VISR √ √
JAMMU VIJU √ √
AMRITSAR VIAR √
PATHANKOT VIPK √ √
CHANDIGARH VICG √ √
DEHRADUN VIDN √
KANPUR VIKA √
AGRA VIAG
SIKANDRABAD VISB
ALIGARH VIAH
PANTNAGAR VIPT √
SARASWANA VISP
KOLKATA FIR
STATION L.I SMC TWR APP ACC
KOLKATA VECC √ √ √ √
PATNA VEPT √
GAYA VEGY √ √
JAMSHEDPUR VEJS √
BHUBANESHWAR VEBS √ √
VISHAKAPATNAM VEVZ √
RANCHI VERC √
KISHANGANJ VEKG
KATIHAR VEKH

CHENNAI FIR
STATION L.I SMC TWR APP ACC
CHENNAI VOMM √ √ √ √
HYDERABAD VOHY √ √
MANGALORE VOML √ √ √ √
VIJAYWADA VOBZ √
PORTBLAIR VOPB √
TRIVENDRUM VOTV √ √ √ √
COIMBATORE VOCB √
BANGLORE VOBG √
COCHIN VOCI √ √
GULBARGA VOGB
TIRUCHIRAPALI VOTR √ √
RAJMUNDRY VORY
KHAMAMPED VOKM
MADURAI VOMD
BIDAR VOBR √
BELLARY VOBI
VIRAKABAD VOVB
CALICUT VOCL √
Pondichery VOPC
GUWAHATI FIR
STATION L.I SMC TWR APP ACC
GUWAHATI VEGT √ √ √ √
DIBRUGARH VEMN √
IMPHAL VEIM √
LENGPUI VELP √
AGARTALA VEAT √
SILCHAR VEKU √
JORHAT VEJT √
BAGDOGRA VEBD √

 Familarisation of Hypothetical ATS Route Charts.

CHART NO.1 CHART NO.2 CHART NO.3 CHART NO.4


Mumbai Delhi Jaipur Mumbai
Delhi Gwalior Delhi Aurangabad
Nagpur Sikandrabad Sikandrabad Songarh
Ahmedabad Aligarh Aligarh Indore
Indore Agra Lucknow Bhopal
Bhopal Lucknow Pantnagar Nagpur
Jabalpur Allahabad Chandigarh Khajuraho
Pratapgarh Varanasi Dehradun Raipur
Udaipur Bhopal Amritsar Bidar
Jodhpur Khajuraho Pathankot Gulbarga
Gwalior Nagpur Jammu Hyderabad
Bhavnagar Patna Srinagar Rajamundry
Vadodra Gaya Leh Vizag
Khajuraho Jamshedpur Bhubhaneshwar
Songarh Kolkata Jamshedpur
Jaipur Kolkata
Aurangabad
CHART NO.5 CHART NO.6 CHART NO.7 CHART NO.8
Bhuvansehwar Chennai Mumbai Delhi
Jamshedpur Port Blair Pune Sikandrabad
Ranchi Vijaywada Belgaum Aligarh
Gaya Rajamundry Goa Jaipur
Patna Vizag Bidar Gwalior
Kolkata Nagpur Gulbarga Lucknow
Baghdogra Bhuvaneshwar Hyderabad Allahabd
Agartala Ranchi Mangalore Khajuraho
Lengpui Jamshedpur Bangalore Bhopal
Silchar Kolkata Chennai Nagpur
Imphal Coimbatore Aurangabad
Dimapur Calicut Bidar
Guwahati Cochin Hyderabad
Jorhat Madurai Bangalore
Dibrugarh Trichy Chennai
Trivandrum
Bellary
Pondichery

 Flight Rules.
Flight Rules Meaning
I → IFR
V → VFR
Y → IFR changing to VFR
Z → VFR changing to IFR

 Cloud Amount/Cloudage/Cloud Cover


Sky Completely Clear 0 Oktas
Few Clouds( ≤12% Cloud cover) 1-2 Oktas
Scattered Clouds (25% Cloud cover) 3-4 Oktas
Broken Clouds (75% Cloud cover) 5-7 Oktas
Overcast(No Blue Sky) 8 Oktas

S-ar putea să vă placă și