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When two objects are in thermal contact with each other, heat
energy is transferred from one object to another. Compare
the rate of heat energy transfer from hot object to cold object
and from cold object to hot object.
There is a net flow of heat energy from the hotter object to the
colder object.
When the rate of heat energy transfer between two objects in thermal contact
is the _______, the two objects are in _________________________
- -
1. Glass Tube
What is the advantage of using glass?
4. Mercury
State the physical property of mercury that makes it suitable
to be used in liquid-in-glass thermometer.
1.
2.
6. Bulb
1. Thin glass wall
Advantage :
2. Large Bulb
Advantage :
1. Given the length of steam point, L100 is 14.9 cm and the length of ice point of a
mercury thermometer, L0 is 3.6 cm. What is the temperature of a liquid when
the length of mercury thread, L in the same thermometer used gives a reading
of 9.0 cm?
𝐿−𝐿0
For a mercury-in-glass thermometer, 𝜃 = x 100˚C
𝐿100 − 𝐿0
, , c
(WATER)
/
Mass of the empty beaker, m1 _______________ kg
= ____________ J − −
(ALUMINIUM)
/
Mass of aluminium block, m _______________ kg
= ____________ J − −
2. Explain why the gaps between the immersion heater and thermometer in the
aluminium cylinder are filled with oil?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Why did the temperature continue to rise after the power supply has been
switched off?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. Why the values of specific heat capacity of water and aluminium from the
experiment are higher than the actual values?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. State one of the precaution step while carry out this experiment.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
1. Water as a
2.
Explain how sea breeze occur :
During the day time, heat energy from the sun is absorbed by the sea
and the land.
Xx
3.
During the night time, heat lost from the sea and land.
1. Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 3.7 kg of
water from 56 0C to 71 0C. (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 C-1).
2. 255 g block of an aluminium at 143 0C is cooled until 43 0C. Find the amount of
heat is released. (Specific heat capacity of aluminium = 900 J kg-1 C-1).
= ____________ J −
(WATER)
/
.
= ____________ J −
Given,
Specific heat capacity of water = 4 200 J kg-1 C-1
Specific heat capacity of ice = 2 100 J kg-1 C-1
Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.36 X 105J kg-1
Specific latent heat of vaporisation of ice = 2.26 X 106J kg-1
1. An immersion heater rated at 800 W is fitted into a large block of ice at 00C.
How long does it take to melt 0.5 kg of ice?
Q = ml
Pt = 0.5 x (3.36 x 105 )
800 x t = 302 400
t = 210 s
Q = mLf + mc
= (1.4)(3.36 x 105) + (1.4)(4200)(30)
= 646 800 J
3. Find the amount of heat needed to convert 0.5 kg of ice at -15 0C into steam at
100 0C
4. Calculate the amount of heat needed to convert 100 g of ice at 0 0C into steam
at 100 0C.
Boyle’s law states that the Charles’ law states that Pressure law states that
pressure of a fixed mass the volume of a fixed mass the pressure of a fixed
of gas is inversely of the gas is directly mass of gas is directly
proportional to its volume proportional to its absolute proportional to its absolute
provided when the temperature when its temperature when its
temperature of the gas is pressure is kept constant. volume is kept constant.
kept constant.
P1V1 = P2V2 1 1
= =
1 1
: temperature of air
: temperature of gas
: pressure of gas
: volume of gas
Repeat the above steps until the water reaches 40˚C, 50˚C,
60˚C and 70˚C.
P1V1 = P2V2
(1)(28) = (P2)(28-13)
P2 = 1.87 atm
V1 = V2 , 22 = V2 .
T1 T2 42 + 273 71 + 273
V2 = 24.03 m3
3. The air pressure in a container at 28 0C is 1.3 x 107 N m-2. The container is heated
until the temperature is 69 0C. What is the final air pressure if the volume of the
container is fixed?
P1 = P2 , 1.3 x 107 = P2 .
T1 T2 28 + 273 69 + 273
P2 = 1.5 x 107 N m-2