Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1 INTRODUÇÃO
2 ASPECTOS GERAIS
Toxinas Exoenzimas
Toxinas que provocam danos em
membranas:
alfa-toxina Coagulase
beta-toxina Estafiloquinase
gama-toxina Proteases
delta-toxina Fosfolipase
Toxina epidermolítica Lipase
Toxina da síndrome do choque tóxico DNAse
Enterotoxinas (8 tipos) Hialuronidase
Exotoxina piogênica Fosfatase
ARBUTHNOTT e cols. (1990)
3 ENTEROTOXINAS
Staphylococcus aureus
furúnculo pele
abcessos garganta
septicemias saliva
mastite (bovinos) nariz
mãos
glândula mamária
Enterotoxina
Consumidor
Intoxicação
% %*
Situação 1: Contaminação
- Alimentos naturalmente contaminados e inadequadamente
aquecidos 47
- Recontaminação a partir de fontes humanas 32
- Recontaminação a partir do ambiente 15 94
Situação 2: Colonização
- Refrigeração lenta após o tratamento térmico 48
- Estocagem muito longa antes do uso 34
- Refrigeração inadequada 18 100
* Porcentagem de freqüência verificada em estudo retrospectivo de surtos envolvendo
alimentos (MOSSEL, 1988)
Aerobiose Anaerobiose
o o
C aw pH C aw pH
Crescimento 7 - 46 0,83 4,0 7 - 46 0,90 4,6
Produção de
enterotoxina 10 - 45 0,84 4,0 10 - 45 0,90 5,3
SCHEUSNER e cols. (1973); EWALD & NOTERMANS (1988)
Acinetobacter Lactobacillus
Aeromonas Pseudomonas
Bacillus Staphylococcus epidermidis
Enterobactérias Streptococcus
Enterococcus
8 DIAGNÓSTICO
10 MEDIDAS PREVENTIVAS
12 BIBLIOGRAFIA CONSULTADA
ADAMS, B.W. & MEAD, G.C. Incidence and properties of Staphylococcus aureus
associated with turkeys during processing and further processing operations. Journal of
Hygiene, Cambridge, v.91, p.479-490, 1983.
ADESIYUN, A.A., RAJI, I., YOBE, V. Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus from
anterior nares of dinning hall workers. Journal of food Protection, v.49, p.955-957, 1986.
ALBUSTAN, M.A., UDO, E.E., CHUGH, T.D. Nasal carriage of enterotoxin-producing
Staphylococcus aureus among restaurant workers in Kuwait City. Epidemiology and
Infection, v.116, n.3, p.319-322, 1996.
ALIU, B. & BERGDOLL, M.S. Characterization of staphylococci from patients with toxic
shock syndrome. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, v.26, p.2447-2428, 1988.
ANDRADE, G.P. & ZELANTE, F. Ocorrência simultânea de Staphylococcus aureus
enterotoxigênicos nas mãos, boca e fezes em portadores assintomáticos. Revista de
Saúde Pública, São Paulo, v.23, n.4, p.277-284, 1989.
ARBUTHNOTT, J.P., COLEMAN. D.C., AZAVEDO, J.S Staphylococcal toxins in human
disease. Journal of Applied Bacteriology Symposium Supplement, p.101s-107s, 1990.
BAIRD-PARKER, A.C. The staphylocci: an introduction. Journal of Applied Bacteriology
Symposium Supplement, p.1s-8s, 1990.
BARBER, M.A. Milk poisoning due to a type of Staphylococcus albus occuring in the udder
of a healthy cow. Philippine Journal of Science, v.9B, p.515-519, 1914.
BAUTISTA, L., GAYA, P., MEDINA, M., MUNEZ, M. A quantiative study of enterotoxin
production by sheep milk staphylococci. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v.54,
p.566-569, 1988.
BRECKINRIDGE, J.C. & BERGDOLL, M.S. Outbreak of food-borne gastroenteritis due to a
coagulase-negative enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus. New England Journal of
Medicine, v.248, p.541-543, 1971.
BRIEGER, L. Weitere Untersuchungen uber Ptomaine. Berlin: Hirschwald, 1885. P.72-75.
BRYAN, F.L. Staphylococcus aureus. In: DEFIGUEIREDO, M.P. & SPLITTSTOESSER,
D.F. (Ed.) Food microbiology: Public health and spoilage aspects. Westport, Connecticut:
AVI Publishing, 1976. P.12-128.
BURNET, F.M. The exotoxins of Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus. Journal of Pathology
and Bacteriology, v.32, p.717-734, 1929.
CARMO, L.S. & BERGDOLL, M.S. Staphylococcal food poisoning in Belo Horizonte (Brasil).
Revista Brasileira de Microbiologia, v.21, n.4, p.320-323, 1990.
CARMO, L.S., DIAS, R.S., ANUNCIAÇÃO, L.L.C., BERGDOLL, M.S. Staphylococcal
food poisoning in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e
Zootecnia, v.47, n.2, p.113-122, 1995.
CARMO, L.S., VIEIRA, A.C., REIS, J.D.P., NASCIMENTO, R.S., PEREIRA, M.L., SANTOS,
E.J., BERGDOLL, M.S. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis present in
food implicated in food poisoning. Revista de Microbiologia, v.27, n.2, p.122-125, 1996.
CERQUEIRA-CAMPOS, M.L., FURLANETTO, S.M.P., IARIA, S.T., BERGDOLL, M.S.
Staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks in São Paulo (Brazil). Revista Brasileira de
Microbiologia, v.4, n.4,p.261-264, 1993.
DACK, G.M. Food poisoning. 2ed. Chicago: University Press, 1949.
DACK, G.M. Problems and errors in assigning causes of food poisoning. American Journal
of Public Health, v.37, p.360-364, 1947.
DENYS, J. Presence du staphylocoque pyogene dans une viande quei a determine des cas
d’empoisonnement. Bulletin de l’Academie Royale de Medicine Belge IV Serie, v.8,
p.496-500, 1894.
DOLMAN, C.E. Bacterial food poisoning. Canadian Journal of Public Health, v.34, p.97-111,
1943.
DODD, C.E.R., CHAFFEY, B.J., WAITES, W.M. Plasmid profiles as indicators of the source
of contamination of Staphylococcus aureus endemic within poultry processing plants.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v.54, p.1541-1549, 1988.
DODD, C.E.R., MEAD, G.C., WAITES, W.M. Detection of the site of contamination by
Staphylococcus aureus within the defeathering machinery of a poultry processing plant.
Letters in Applied Microbiology, v.7, p.63-66, 1988.
ELEK, S.D. & LEVY, E. Distribution of haemolysins in pathogenic and non-pathogenic
staphylococci. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, v.62, p.541-554, 1950.
EVANS, J.B. Studies of staphylococci with special reference to the coagulase-positive types.
Journal of Bacteriology, v.55, p.793-800, 1948.
EWALD, S. & NOTERMANS, S. Effect of water activity on growth and enterotoxin D
production os Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Food Microbiology, v.6,
p.25-30, 1988.
GENIGEORGIS, C. Present state of knowledge of staphylococcal intoxication. International
Journal of Food Microbiology, v.9, p.327-360, 1989.
GIBBS, P.A., PATTERSON, J.T., THOMPSON, J,K. The distribuition os Staphylococcus
aureus in a poultry processing plant. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, v.44, p.401-410,
1978.
GÖTZE, U. & SCHRÖDER, B. Untersuchungen über die hygienische Beschaffenheit von
gefroren im Handel angebotenem in und ausländischem Geflügel (Brathähn, Enten und
Puten). Fleischwirtschaft, v.54, p.1347-1360, 1974.
HIROOKA, E.Y., MULLER, E.E., FREITAS, J.C., VINCENTE, E., YOSHIMOTO, Y.,
BERGDOLL, M.S. Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus intermedius of canine origin.
International Journal of Food Microbiology, v.7, p.185-191, 1988.
ISIGIDI, B.K., MATHIEU. A.M., DEVRIESE, L.A., GODARD, C., Van HOOT, J. Enterotoxin
production in different Staphylococcus aureus biotypes isolated from food and meat
plants. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, v.72, p.16-20, 1992.
LAHELLEC, C., COLIN, P., MEURIER, C. Origine et caractérisation des souches de
Staphylococcus aureus presents sur les carcasses de volailles et dans les produits
transformés. Bulletin d’Information, Station Expérimentale d’Aviculture de Ploufragan,
v.17, p.84-98, 1977.
LOPES, C.A.M., DIAS, R., OLIVEIRA, S.L., BERGDOLL, M.S. Staphylococcal carriage and
antibodies to toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Brazilian women. Revista de Microbiologia,
v.28, n.2, p.85-89, 1997.
MEAD, G.C., NORRIS, A.P., BRATCHELL, N. Differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus
from freshly slaughtered poultry and strains “endemic” to processing plants by
biochemical and physiological tests. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, v.66, p.153-159,
1989.
MOSSEL, D.A.A. Attempt in classification of the catalase-postive cocci: staphylococci and
micrococci. Journal of Bacteriology, v.84, p.1140-1147, 1962.
MOSSEL, D.A.A. Essential and perspectives of the microbial ecology of foods. In: Roberts,
T.A. & Skinner, F.A. (ed.). Food Microbiology. London: Academic Press, 1983. p.1-45.
MOSSEL, D.A.A. Impact of foodborne pathogens on today’s world na porspects for
management. Animal and Humam Health, v.1, p.13-23, 1988.
MOSSEL, D.A.A. & van NETTEN, P. Staphylococcus aureus and related staphylococci in
foods: ecology, proliferation, toxinogenesis, control and monitoring. Journal of Applied
Bacteriology Symposium Supplement, p.123s-145s, 1990.
NADER FILHO, A., ROSSI JÚNIOR, O.D., SCHOCKEN-ITURRINO, R.P. Pesquisa de
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigênicos em leite de vacas com mastite subclínica.
Revista de Microbiologia, São Paulo, v.19, n.4, p.369-373, 1988.
NIELSEN, A.M.F. Staphylococcus aureus no vestíbulo nasal, garganta e mãos de
manipuladores de alimentos em cozinhas industriais. Produção de enterotoxina
estafilocócica e fagotipagem a partir das cepas isoladas. Higiene Alimentar, v.4, n.4,
p.227-228, 1985.
NOLETO, A.L. & BERGDOLL, M.S. Production of enterotoxin by a Staphylococcus aureus
strain that produces three identifiable enterotoxins. Journal of Food Protection, v.45,
p.1096-1097, 1982.
NOTERMANS, S., DUFRENNE, J., van LEEUWEN, W.J. Contamination of broiler chickens
by Staphylococcus aureus during processing; incidence and origin. Journal of Applied
Bacteriology, v.52, p.275-280, 1982.
OGSTON, A. Report upon microoganisms in surgical diseases. British Medical Journal, v.1,
p.369-375, 1882.
OLLIVER, M. On the poisonous effects of certain spoiled asticles of food. Lancet, v.ii, p.838-
839, 1830.
OLSON, R.K., EIDSON, M., SEWELL, C.M. Staphylococcal food poisoning from a
fundraiser. Journal of Environmental Health, v.60, n.3, p.7-11, 1997.
OWEN, R. The bacteriology of meat poisoning. Physician and Surgeon, v.29, p.289-298,
1907.
PASSOS, M.H.C.R., KUAYE, A.Y. Intoxicação alimentar provocada por bolo contaminado
com Staphylococcus aureus. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE MICROBIOLOGIA,
XVIII, 1995, Santos. Resumos. SBM, 1995. P.56.
PATTERSON, J.T. Microbiological aspects of poultry processing. British Poultry Science,
v.12, p.197-203, 1971.
PEREIRA, M.L., CARMO, L.S., PEREIRA, J.L., BERGDOLL, M.S. Enterotoxin in cheese
from a staphylococcal food posioning outbreak in Brazil. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO
DE MICROBIOLOGIA, XVIII, 1995, Santos. Resumos. SBM, 1995. P.27.
PEREIRA, M.L., CARMO, L.S., SANTOS, E.J., PEREIRA, J.L., BERGDOLL, M.S.
Enterotoxin H in staphylococcal food poisoning. Journal of Food Protection, v.59, n.5,
p.559-561, 1996.
ROBERTS, D. Observations on procedures for thawing and spit-roasting frozen, dressed
chickens and post-cooking care and storage: with particular reference to food poisoning
bacteria. Journal of Hygiene, Cambridge, v.70, p.565-585, 1972.
ROSADO, A.S., SILVA, K.R.A., SEIXAS, R.L.R., MIGUEL, M.A.L., TÓRTORA, J.C.O.
Intoxicação por Staphylococcus aureus provocada por carne de peru defumada. Revista
de Microbiologia, São Paulo, v.20, n.4, p.419-420, 1989.
ROSENBACH, F.J. Mikroorganismen bei den Wundinfectionskrankheiten des Menschen.
Wiesbaden: J.F. Bergmann, 1884.
SABIONI, J.G., NASCIMENTO, D., PEREIRA, J.L. Intoxicação estafilocócica por queijo tipo
minas em Ouro Preto, MG, 1992. Higiene Alimentar, v.8, n.33, p.22-23, 1994.
SCHEUSNER, D.L., HOOD, L.L., HARMON, L.G. Effect of temperature and pH on
growth and enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Milk and Food
Technology, v.36, p.249-252, 1973.
SCHOCKEN-ITURRINO, R.P., NADER FILHO, A., FURLANETTO, S.M.P., ROSSI JÚNIOR,
O.D. Pesquisa de Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigênico em amostras de leite de
vacas mastíticas. ARS Veterinária, v.2, n.1, p.69-74, 1986.
SELMI, F. Sulla esistenza di principi alcaloidei naturalli nei visceri freshi e putrefatti, onde il
perito chimico puo essere condotto a concluisioni erronee nella ricerca degli alcaloidi
venefici. Memoria Reali Academia Scientia Biologica (III), v.2, p.81-86, 1872.
SOARES, M.J.S., CHRISTOFOLETTI, A.R.N., BRANDÃO, M.C.N., MAGALHÃES, P.P.,
FARIAS, L.M. Ocorrência de Staphylococcus aureus em manipuladores de alimentos
do restaurante Universidade Federal do Piauí. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE
MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, XVII, 1993, Santos. Resumos. São Paulo: SBM, 1993.
P.100.
SU, Y-C. & WONG, A.C.L. Identification and purification of a new staphylococcal
enterotoxin, H. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v.61, n.4, p.1438-1443, 1995.
THOMPSON, J.K. & PATTERSON, J.T. Staphyloccus aureus from a site of contamination in
a broiler processing plant. Record of Agricultural Research, v.31, p.45-53, 1983.
TODD, E.C.D. Foodborne disease in six countries. A comparison. Journal of Food
Protection, v.41, p.559-565, 1978.
VARALDO, P.E., KILPER-BALZ, R., BIAVASCO, F., SATTA, G., SCHLEIFER, K.H.
Staphylococcus delphini sp. Nov., a coagulase-positive species isolated from dolphins.
International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, v.38, p.436-439, 1988.
VARNAN, A.H. & EVANS, M.G. Foodborne pathogens. London: Mosby Year Book, 1991.
557p.