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The UNFCC is a Rio Convention one which adopted the Rio Do Developed countries have a higher obligation to combat
Earth Summit; Objective is to stabilize green house gases; climate change?
Global warming is the result of massive emission of Co2 and
Negotiations in the UNFCCC cover themes which include: other greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels
1. Mitigation – reducing levels of greenhouse gas throughout the industrial revolution beginning in the 19 th
emissions century; Many of the developed countries are responsible
2. Adaptation – building resilience to the impacts of hence they should bear a greater responsibility for combating
climate change the climate change. It exempted developing nations such as
3. Climate Finance – finance mitigations to climate china India the Philippines from the same reduction efforts
change from developed countries; The Kyoto Protocol called for
4. Technology developed countries to exert effort and assume greater
5. Capacity Building responsibility; Because developing countries have began to
6. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest industrialize and pollute they should also recognize this
Degradation principle.
1. Developed and Developing nations have common
History but differentiated responsibilities.
Rio 1992 adopted Rio Earth Summit 2. Developed nations emit more per capita and are
Copenhagen 1994 – UNFCCC enters into force more obligated to cut rate; hence developed nations
Copenhagen 2009 goal to reduce emissions by 2020 are more responsible for causing global warming and
Set the goal of limiting global temperature rise to they are obligated to cut emission and solve the
below 2 degrees Celsius problem
CanCun2010 – formalized Copenhagen Accord 3. Contraction/Convergence equalizes per capita
“Cancun Agreement”” to improve transparency of emissions burdens wealthy
developing country emissions and actions 4. Developed Countries cause global warming so they
must fix it as well this is caused by long term historic
Durban 2011 – New Global agreement to take effect
emissions of developed countries and their high per
2020 second commitment of Kyoto
capita emissions.
Doha 2012
5. Developed Countries are criticizing developing
Warsaw 2013
states for polluting more heavily at present;
Lima 2014
because of the wealth of developed countries they
Paris 2015 Deadline is to complete and be
had the option know-how and the luxury to go
implemented on 2020
“green”
6. Developed states have more available money to
Kyoto protocol is an international agreement linked to the
fight climate change
UNFCC;
7. Developing states live in subsistence lower “green”
1. Adopted 1997 in Japan
obligation; developing countries employ almost all
2. 191 states signified and ratified;
resources on subsistence living developed spend
3. only the US Afghanistan Andora and South Sudan did
much in luxury and excesses. Developing countries
not ratify
cannot be expected to contribute equally in fighting
a. Canada withdrew from protocol on 2011
global climate change
4. Major feature binds 37 industrialized countries for
8. Developed Countries are responsible to commit
reducing Greenhouse gas emissions
“green” technologies; they have more resources
5. Major distinction is that this protocol does not
technologies and know how; they are responsible to
merely encourage them but commits them to do so;
commit these resources toward the fight on global
6. Kyoto mechanisms are
warming; responsibility to transfer them to
a. Emission trading
b. Clean dev mechanism
developing countries without the resources to fight
climate change.
9. Developing nations need room to develop without
emission restrictions; developing nations need room
to develop and grow; having emissions regulations
constrain such growth is unfair.
10. Going “green” in developed nations is not a burden
but an opportunity; they should take the lead and
not consider it a burden.