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Service Manual
R8551A
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
SAFETY SECTION
THIS MUST BE READ BEFORE ANY WORK IS CARRIED OUT ON THE RELAY
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 8 COMMISSIONING
This Safety Section should be read before commencing any work on the equipment.
*Note: The term earth used throughout product documentation is the direct equivalent of the
North American term ground.
SS3/16A/0797
Before energising the equipment, the following should be checked:
Voltage rating and polarity;
CT circuit rating and integrity of connections;
Protective fuse rating;
Integrity of earth connection (where applicable)
Battery replacement
Where internal batteries are fitted they should be replaced with the recommended type
and be installed with the correct polarity, to avoid possible damage to the equipment.
SS3/16A/0797
Decommissioning and Disposal
Decommissioning: The auxiliary supply circuit in the relay may include capacitors across
the supply or to earth. To avoid electric shock or energy hazards, after
completely isolating the supplies to the relay (both poles of any dc
supply), the capacitors should be safely discharged via the external
terminals prior to decommissioning.
Technical Specifications
Protective fuse rating
The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for this equipment is 16A, GEC
Red Spot type or equivalent, unless otherwise stated in the Technical Data section of the product
documentation.
SS3/16A/0797
SS3/16A/0797
Chapter 1
Introduction
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 1
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. USING THE MANUAL 1
3. AN INTRODUCTION TO K RELAYS 2
4 MODELS AVAILABLE 3
5. AVAILABILITY OF MAIN FEATURES 4
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 1
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Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
The following table lists the features that vary between models
1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1
1.1 Receipt of relays 1
1.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 1
2. HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 1
3. RELAY MOUNTING 2
4 UNPACKING 2
5. STORAGE 3
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
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3. Do not pass the module to another person without first ensuring you are both
at the same electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential.
4. Place the module on an antistatic surface, or on a conducting surface which
is at the same potential as yourself.
5. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag.
If you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an
equipment in service, it is preferable that you are earthed to the case with a
conductive wrist strap. Wrist straps should have a resistance to ground between
500kΩ - 10MΩ. If a wrist strap is not available you should maintain regular
contact with the case to prevent a build-up of static. Instrumentation which may
be used for making measurements should be earthed to the case whenever
possible.
More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can
be found in BS5783 and IEC 147-OF. It is strongly recommended that detailed
investigations on electronic circuitry or modification work should be carried out
in a special handling area such as described in the above-mentioned BS and
IEC documents.
SECTION 4. UNPACKING
Care must be taken when unpacking and installing the relays so that none of the
parts is damaged or the settings altered. Relays must only be handled by skilled
persons. The installation should be clean, dry and reasonably free from dust
and excessive vibration. The site should be well lit to facilitate inspection. Relays
that have been removed from their cases should not be left in situations where
they are exposed to dust or damp. This particularly applies to installations which
are being carried out at the same time as construction work.
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SECTION 5. STORAGE
If relays are not to be installed immediately upon receipt they should be stored
in a place free from dust and moisture in their original cartons. Where de-
humidifier bags have been included in the packing they should be retained. The
action of the de-humidifier crystals will be impaired if the bag has been exposed
to ambient conditions and may be restored by gently heating the bag for about
an hour, prior to replacing it in the carton.
Dust which collects on a carton may, on subsequent unpacking, find its way into
the relay; in damp conditions the carton and packing may become impregnated
with moisture and the de-humifier will lose its efficiency.
Storage temperature -25°C to +70°C.
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 4 of 4
Chapter 3
Relay Description
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 3
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
1. RELAY DESCRIPTION 1
2. USER INTERFACE 2
2.1 Frontplate layout 2
2.2 LED indications 3
2.3 Keypad 3
2.4 Liquid crystal display 3
2.5 Flag display format 3
3. MENU SYSTEM 5
3.1 Default display 5
3.2 Accessing the menu 5
3.3 Menu contents 6
3.4 Menu columns 6
3.5 System data 7
3.6 Fault records 8
3.7 Measurements 1 8
3.8 Measurements 2 8
3.9 Measurements 3 9
3.10 Earth fault 1 9
3.11 Phase fault 1 10
3.12 Earth fault 2 11
3.13 Phase fault 2 11
3.14 Logic 12
3.15 Input masks 13
3.16 Relay masks 14
3.17 Recorder 15
4 CHANGING TEXT AND SETTINGS 16
4.1 Quick guide to menu controls 16
4.2 To enter setting mode 17
4.3 To escape from the setting mode 17
4.4 To accept the new setting 17
4.5 Password protection 17
4.6 Entering passwords 18
4.7 Changing passwords 18
4.8 Restoration of password protection 19
4.9 Entering text 19
4.10 Changing function links 19
4.11 Changing setting values 19
4.12 Setting communication address 19
4.13 Setting input masks 20
4.14 Setting output masks 20
4.15 Resetting values and records 20
4.16 Resetting trip LED indication 20
5. EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS 21
5.1 Auxiliary supply 21
5.2 Dual powered relays 22
5.3 Logic control inputs 22
5.4 Analogue inputs 23
5.5 Output relays 23
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The KCGG and KCEG relays use numerical techniques to derive protection and
control functions. They can have up to eight multiplexed analogue inputs, sampled
eight times per power frequency cycle. The Fourier derived power frequency
component returns the rms value of the measured quantity. To ensure optimum
performance, frequency tracking is used. The channel that is tracked is chosen on
a priority basis, Va, Vb, Vc, Ia, Ib, Ic. Frequency tracking is not employed on the
residual voltage, or current to ensure the maximum harmonic rejection. In the
absence of a signal to frequency track, the sampling frequency defaults to the
rated frequency of the power system.
Eight output relays can be programmed to respond to any of the protection or
control functions and eight logic inputs can be allocated to control functions. The
logic inputs are filtered to ensure that induced AC current in the external wiring to
these inputs does not cause an incorrect response. Software links further enable the
user to customise the product for their own particular applications. They select/
interconnect the various protection and control elements and replace the
interconnections that were previously used between the cases of relays that
provided discrete protection or control functions.
The relays are powered from either a DC or an AC auxiliary supply which is
transformed by a wide ranging DC/DC converter within the relay. This provides
the electronic circuits with regulated and galvanically isolated supply rails. The
power supply also provides a regulated and isolated field voltage to energise the
logic inputs.
The dual powered version of the relay draws its energising supply from the current
transformers in the absence of an auxiliary voltage supply. This makes it suitable
for application where the auxiliary supply is not reliable or not available. They can
be used in shunt trip, capacitor discharge and AC series trip arrangements.
An interface on the front of the relay allows the user to navigate through the menu
to access data, change settings and reset flags, etc. As an alternative the relays
can be connected to a computer via their serial communication ports and the menu
accessed on-line. This provides a more friendly and intuitive method of setting the
relay, as it allows a whole column of data to be displayed at one time instead of
just a single menu cell. Computer programs are also available that enable setting
files to be generated off-line and these files can then be downloaded to the relay
via the serial port.
In addition to protection and control functions the relays can display all the values
that it measures and many additional ones that it calculates. They also store useful
time stamped data for post fault analysis in fault records, event records and
disturbance records. This data is available via a serial communication port for
access locally and/or remotely with a computer. The fault records, event records
and disturbance records can be extracted automatically via the serial port and
values can be polled periodically to determine trends. Remote control actions can
also be made and to this end many K Range relays have been integrated into
SCADA systems.
K Range relays provide the user with the flexibility to customise the relay for their
particular applications. They provide many additional features that would be
expensive to produce on an individual basis and, when the low installation costs
are taken into account, it will be seen to provide an economic solution for
protection and control.
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The front plate of the relay provides a man machine interface providing the user
with a means of entering settings to the relay displaying measured values, fault
records and alarms. The series 2 relays have additional graphics to assist the user.
The area in which the fault flags are displayed is divided up to denote the area
associated with each phase and there is a marked position for the appropriate
phase colours to be marked and for labels to be affixed to denote the use of the
three overcurrent stages and the three auxiliary timers.
2.1 Frontplate layout
Model number
Relay types
KCGG14000102125
KCGG140 No P967701
Serial number
Liquid SETTING GROUP
FAULT No
A B
crystal
Fn _2G 2A _ _ * B _ _ * V<
display
AUX 2 C* N BT
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUX TIMER C
AUX 1
AUX 2
STAGE 1
STAGE 2
*
-*
Digit identifiers
AUX 3 STAGE 3 --*
Flag identifiers
ALARM TRIP
HEALTHY
Entry keys
LED indicators
F + - 0
Ratings
In 1 A V 110/125 V
Vn 110 V 50/60 Hz
represent an earth fault. Alternatively a coloured disc may be stuck over the circles
to indicate the phases by colour eg. red, yellow and blue. There are four
characters on the display associated with each of these four areas to flag
operation of the start and operation of the three overcurrent stages for that phase.
SETTING GROUP
A B
FAULT No
Fn _2G 2A _ _ * B _ _ * V<
AUX 2 C* N BT
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUX TIMER C
AUX 1 STAGE 1 *
AUX 2 STAGE 2 -*
AUX 3 STAGE 3 --*
ALARM TRIP
HEALTHY
The two characters at the extreme right-hand end of the top line of the display will
indicate V< when the undercurrent element has operated. Operation of the breaker
failure protection is indicated by the letter ‘B’ and operation of the thermal element
by the letter “T” immediately below the V<. For indication of a local/remote trip
via relay RLY7 the ‘B’ is replaced by an ‘R’. Where ‘B’ and ‘R’ are both valid, ‘B’ is
given priority.
Data within the relays is accessed via a menu table. The table is comprised of cells
arranged in rows and columns, like a spreadsheet. A cell may contain text values
limits or functions. The first cell in a column, the column heading, contains text
identifying the data grouped under it in that column.
3.1 Default display
The selected default display will normally show on the LCD and a momentary press
of the function key [F] will change the display to the heading for the first column,
SYSTEM DATA. Further momentary presses of the [F] key will step down the
column, row by row, so that data may be read. If at any time the [F] key is pressed
and held for one second the cursor will be moved to the top of the next column
and the heading for that column will be displayed. Further momentary presses of
the [F] key will then move down the new column, row by row.
A new feature is that pressing the [F] and [0] keys together and holding for one
second can be used to step back up the menu column. A short press of the [0] key
will switch on the back light for the LCD without changing the display in any way.
In this way the full menu may be scanned with just the [F] and [0] keys that are
accessible with the relay cover in place, and reset actions can be effected.
Following a protection trip red trip LED will be lit. The display will change
automatically from the default display to that of the fault flags for the last fault.
Whilst the fault flags are displayed the trip LED can be reset by holding down the
[0] for at least one second. The trip LED will be reset and the display will change
to the default display that was last selected. The flag information will not be lost by
this action, it can still be accessed under FAULT RECORDS.
The display will not default to the flag information if the user interface is in use at
the time. The default display will return 15 minutes after the last key press, or it can
be selected more quickly by moving to any column heading and then pressing the
[0] key for 1 second. The selected default display will appear unless there has
been a fault when the fault flags will be displayed. It is possible to step through the
available default displays by momentary presses of the reset key [0].
3.2 Accessing the menu
The only settings which can be changed with the cover in place are those that can
be reset either to zero or some preset value. To change any other settings the cover
must be removed from the relay to gain access to the [+] and [-] keys that are used
to increment or decrement a value. When a column heading is displayed the [-]
key will change the display to the next column and the [+] key will change the
display to the previous column, giving a faster selection.
When a cell that can be changed is displayed the action of pressing either the [+]
or [-] keys will put the relay in setting mode (indicated by a flashing cursor in the
display). To escape from the setting mode without making any change the [0] key
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should be depressed for one second. Section 4 gives instructions for changing the
various types of settings.
Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay because
an accidental change could seriously affect the ability of the relay to perform its
intended functions. Configuration settings include the selection of time curves,
function links, CT and VT ratios, opto-input and relay output allocation. Individual
protection settings are protected from change when the relay cover is in place.
3.3 Menu contents
Related data and settings are grouped in separate columns of the menu. Each
column has a text heading (in capital letters) that identifies the data contained in
that column. Each cell may contain text, values, limits and/or a function. The cells
are referenced by the column number/row number. For example 0201 is column
02, row 01. When a cell is displayed the four characters at the top left hand
corner of the LCD indicate the column number and row number in the menu table.
The full menu is given in the following tables, but not all the items listed will be
available in a particular relay. For example, a single pole earth fault relay would
not display any phase fault settings and a non-directional relay would not display
any settings associated with the directional feature. Those cells that do not provide
any useful purpose are not made available in the factory configuration. Certain
settings will disappear from the menu when the user de-selects them; the alternative
setting group is a typical example. If group 2 settings have not been enabled then
the menu columns EARTH FLT 2 and PHASE FLT 2 will be hidden and make them
visible, the system data link SD4 must be set to ‘1’. This note is included at this time
to explain why some of the items listed below may not appear in the menu for a
relay that is being compared with the full list.
3.4 Menu columns
Column Heading Description
Number
00 SYSTEM DATA Settings and data for the system -
relay and serial communications
01 FLT RECORDS Fault records for the last five faults
02 MEASURE 1 Directly measured quantities
(V & I etc.)
03 MEASURE 2 Calculated quantities (W & VAR etc.)
04 MEASURE 3 Calculated (additional)
05 EARTH FLT 1 Earth fault protection settings - group 1
06 PHASE FLT 1 Phase fault protection settings - group 1
07 EARTH FLT 2 Earth fault protection settings - group 2
08 PHASE FLT 2 Phase fault protection settings - group 2
09 LOGIC Settings for miscellaneous functions used
in the logic
0A INPUT MASKS User assigned allocation of logic input
0B RELAY MASKS User assigned allocation of output
relays
0C RECORDER Settings for the disturbance recorder
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The menu cells that are read only are marked [READ].
Cells that can be set are marked [SET].
Cells that can be reset are marked [RESET].
Cells that are password protected are marked [PWP].
3.5 System data
Display Status Description
0000 SYSTEM DATA READ Column heading
0002 Password PWP Password that must be entered before certain settings
may be changed
0003 SD Links PWP Function links that enable the user to enable (activate)
the options required
0 Rem ChgStg 1 = enable remote setting changes
2 Rem CB Ctrl 1 = enable remote control of circuit breaker
3 Rem ChgGrp 1 = enable remote change of setting group
4 En Grp2 1 = enable group 2 settings to be used and
displayed
5 Auto Flag 1 = enable flags to be reset automatically on load
restoration
6 Auto Rec 1 = enable disturbance recorder to reset on load
restoration
7 Log Evts 8 1 = enable logic inputs and output relay status to be
stored in event records
8 Alt Rec Rst 1 = enable alternative reset method for disturbance
recorder
0004 Description PWP Product description - user programmable text
0005 Plant PWP Plant reference - user programmable text
0006 Model READ Model number that defines the product
0008 Serial No. READ Serial number - unique number identifying the
particular product
0009 Freq SET Default sampling frequency - must be set to power
system frequency
000A Comms Level READ Indicates the Courier communication level supported
by the product
000B Rly Address SET Communication address (1 to 255)
000C Plnt Status READ Binary word used to indicate the status of circuit
breakers and isolators
000D Ctrl Status READ Binary word used to indicate the status of control data
000E Grp now READ Indicates the active setting group
000F LS Stage READ Indicates the last received load shedding command
0010 CB Control SET Indicates the status of the circuit breaker control
0011 Software READ Software reference for the product
0020 Log Status READ Indicates the current status of all the logic inputs
0021 Rly Status READ Indicates the current status of the output relay drives
0022 Alarms READ Indicates the current state of internal alarms
0 Uncfg READ Error in facotry configuration settings
1 Uncalib READ Operating in uncalibrated state
2 Setting READ Error detected in stored settings
3 No Service READ Protection out-of-service and not functioning
4 No Samples READ No A/D samples but still in service
5 No Fourier READ Fourier is not being performed
6 Test Wdog SET Test watchdog by setting this bit to “1”
0023 FnowG1 READ Indicates the current status of the fault flags
(These flags are not latched)
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3.8 Measurements 2
Display Status Description
0300 MEASURE 2 READ Column heading
0301 3W READ Three phase active power
0302 3VA READ Three phase apparent power
0303 3VAr READ Three phase reactive power
0304 Imax READ Highest of the three phase currents measured - not a
peak demand value
0309 Wa READ Active power in phase A
030A Wb READ Active power in phase B
030B Wc READ Active power in phase C
030C PowerFactor READ Power factor - three phase
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3.9 Measurements 3
Display Status Description
0400 MEASURE 3 READ Column heading
0404 IthA READ Thermal ammeter reading in phase A
0405 IthB READ Thermal ammeter reading in phase B
0406 IthC READ Thermal ammeter reading in phase C
0407 Thermal PWP Thermal state (%)
040A Pk IthA PWP Peak thermal ammeter reading in phase A - demand
value
040B Pk IthB PWP Peak thermal ammeter reading in phase B - demand
value
040C Pk IthC PWP Peak thermal ammeter reading in phase C - demand
value
050D Char Angle SET Characteristic angle setting for earth fault directional
element
050E Io< SET Setting for earth fault undercurrent element
050F Vop> SET Setting for minimum polarising voltage below which
the directional element is blocked
0A0C Aux 3 PWP Logic input to initiate timer tAUX3 from external input
0A0D Set Grp 2 PWP Logic input to select group 2 protection settings from
external input
0B06 I> Fwd PWP Overcurrent forward start (non directional start for non
directional relays)
0B07 I> Rev PWP Overcurrent reverse start (only available when
directionalised)
0B08 tA> PWP First stage time delayed overcurrent output for
phase A
0B09 tB> PWP First stage time delayed overcurrent output for
phase B
0B0A tC> PWP First stage time delayed overcurrent output for
phase C
0B0B t>> PWP Second stage time delayed overcurrent output
0B0C t>>> PWP Third stage time delayed overcurrent output
0B0D CB Trip PWP Trip pulse output
0B0E CB Close PWP Close pulse output
0B0F CB Fail PWP Breaker fail output for initiation of back tripping
0B10 Aux 1 PWP Output from the auxiliary 1 time delayed function
0B11 Aux2 PWP Output from the auxiliary 2 time delayed function
0B12 Aux3 PWP Output from the auxiliary 3 time delayed function
0B13 tV< PWP Undervoltage time delayed output
0B14 Level 1 PWP Output in response to command to load shed to
level 1
0B15 Level 2 PWP Output in response to command to load shed to
level 2
0B16 Level 3 PWP Output in response to command to load shed to
level 3
0B17 thAlarm PWP Thermal overload alarm
0B18 thTrip PWP Thermal overload trip
0B19 CB Alarm PWP Alarm for circuit breaker maintenance
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3.17 Recorder
Display Status Description
0C00 RECORDER READ Column heading
0C01 Control SET Manual stop/start control (running = started;
triggered = stopped)
0C02 Capture SET Select the functions to be captured: magnitudes/
phase angles/samples
0C03 Post trigger SET Select the number of samples recorded after the
trigger (1 to 511)
0C04 Logic trig SET Select the logic input to trigger the recorder
(0 to 7 pick-up or drop-off)
0 +Opto0 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L0
1 +Opto1 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L1
2 +Opto2 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L2
3 +Opto3 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L3
4 +Opto4 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L4
5 +Opto5 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L5
6 +Opto6 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L6
7 +Opto7 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L7
8 -Opto0 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic
input L0
9 -Opto1 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic
input L1
A -Opto2 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic
input L2
B -Opto3 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic
input L3
C -Opto4 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic
input L4
D -Opto5 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic
input L5
E -Opto6 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic
input L6
F -Opto7 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic
input L7
0C05 Relay Trig SET Select the output relay tio trigger the recorder
(0 to 7 pick-up or drop-off)
0 +Rly 0 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay
RLY 0
1 +Rly 1 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay
RLY 1
2 +Rly 2 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay
RLY 2
3 +Rly 3 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay
RLY 3
4 +Rly 4 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay
RLY 4
5 +Rly 5 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay
RLY 5
6 +Rly 6 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay
RLY 6
7 +Rly 7 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay
RLY 7
8 -Rly 0 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay
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RLY 0
9 -Rly 1 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay
RLY 1
A -Rly 2 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay
RLY 2
B -Rly 3 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay
RLY 3
C -Rly 4 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay
RLY 4
D -Rly 5 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay
RLY 5
E -Rly 6 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay
RLY 6
F -Rly 7 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay
RLY 7
Settings and text in certain cells of the menu can be changed via the user
interface. To do this the cover must be removed from the front of the relay so that
the [+] and [-] keys can be accessed.
4.1 Quick guide to menu controls
Quick guide to menu control with the four keys
Setting mode [0] Escapes from the setting mode without a setting change
[+] Increments value - with increasing rapidity if held
[-] Decrements value - with increasing rapidity if held
[F] Changes to the confirmation display
[F] If function links, relay or input masks are displayed the
[F] key will step through them from left to right and finally
changing to the confirmation display
Confirmation mode [+] Confirms setting and enters new setting or text
[-] Returns prospective change to check/modify
[0] Escapes from the setting mode without a setting change
The actions shown in the shaded area can only be performed when the cover is
removed.
[F] long means press F key and hold for longer than 1s
[F] short means press F key and hold for less than 1s
[F] means press the F key length of time does not change the
response
4.2 To enter setting mode
Give the [F] key a momentary press to change from the selected default display
and switch on the back-light; the heading SYSTEM DATA will be displayed. Use the
[+] and [-] keys, or a long press of the [F] key, to select the column containing the
setting, or text that is to be changed. Then with the [F] key step down the column
until the contents of that cell are displayed. Press the [+] key to put the relay into
the setting mode. Setting mode will be indicated by a flashing cursor on the bottom
line of the display. If the cell is read-only, or password protected, then the cursor
will not appear and the relay will not be in the setting mode.
4.3 To escape from the setting mode
IMPORTANT! If at any time you wish to escape from the setting mode without
making a change to the contents of the selected cell: Hold the [0] key depressed
for 1s, the original setting will be returned and the relay will exit the setting mode.
4.4 To accept the new setting
Press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears:
Are you sure?
+ = YES - = NO
Press the [0] key if you decide not to make any change.
Press the [-] key if you want to further modify the data before entry.
Press the [+] key to accept the change. This will terminate the setting mode.
4.5 Password protection
Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay. This
includes time curve selection, CT and VT ratios, function links, input masks and
relay masks. Any accidental change to configuration could seriously affect the
ability of the relay to perform its intended functions, whereas, a setting error may
only cause a grading problem. Individual settings are protected from change when
the relay cover is in place by preventing direct access to the [+] and [-] keys.
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The password consists of four characters that may contain any upper case letter
from the alphabet. The password is initially set in the factory to AAAA, but it can
be changed by the user to another combination if necessary. If the password is lost
or forgotten, access to the relay will be denied. However, if the manufacturer or
their agent is supplied with the serial number of the relay, a back-up password can
be supplied that is unique to that particular product.
4.6 Entering passwords
Using the [F] key, select the password cell [0002] in the SYSTEM DATA column of
the menu. The word “Password” is displayed and four stars. Press the [+] key and
the cursor will appear under the left hand star. Now use the [+] key to step through
the alphabet until the required letter is displayed. The display will increment faster
if the key is held down and the [-] key can be used in a similar way to move
backwards through the alphabet. When the desired character has been set the [F]
key can be given a momentary press to move the cursor to the position for the next
character. The process is then repeated to enter the remaining characters that
make up the password. When the fourth character is acknowledged by a
momentary press of the [F] key the display will read:
Are you sure?
+ = YES - = NO
Press the [0] key if you decide not to enter the password.
Press the [-] key if you want to modify the entry.
Press the [+] to enter the password. The display will then show four stars and if the
password was accepted the alarm LED will flash. If the alarm LED is not flashing
the password was not accepted - a further attempt can be made to enter it, or the
[F] key pressed to move to the next cell.
Note: When the password cell is displayed, do not press the [+] or [-] key
whilst the alarm led is flashing unless you want to change the
password!
4.7 Changing passwords
When the password has been entered and the alarm LED is flashing the [+] key is
pressed to put the relay in setting mode. A new password can now be entered as
described in Section 4.6. After entering the fourth character make a note of the
new password shown on the display before pressing the [F] key to obtain the
confirmation display.
Are you sure?
+ = YES - = NO
Press the [0] key if you decide not to enter the new password.
Press the [-] key if you want to modify your entry.
Press the [+] to enter the new password which will then replace the old one.
Note: Make sure the new password has been written down before it is
entered and that the password being entered agrees with the written
copy before accepting it. If the new password is not entered
correctly you may be denied access in the future. If the password is
lost a back-up password unique to that relay can be provided from
the factory, or certain agents, if the serial number of the product is
quoted.
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the appropriate cell for the SYSTEM DATA column, entering the setting mode as
described in Section 4.2 and then decrementing or incrementing the address. Then
exit setting mode as described in Section 4.4.
To automatically allocate an address to the relay, see Chapter 6.
4.13 Setting input masks
An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and control function that can be
influenced by an external input applied to one or more of the logic inputs. When
the menu cell for an input mask is selected the top line of the display shows text
describing the function to be controlled by the inputs selected in the mask. A series
of “1”s and “0”s on the bottom line of the display indicates which logic inputs are
selected to exert control. The numbers printed on the frontplate under the display
indicate each of the logic inputs (L7 to L0) being displayed. A “1” indicates that a
particular input is assigned to the displayed control function and a “0” indicates
that it is not. The same input may be used to control more than one function.
4.14 Setting output masks
An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and control function. When a
mask is selected the text on the top line of the display indicates the associated
function and the bottom line of the display shows a series of “1”s and “0”s for the
selected mask. The numbers printed on the frontplate under the display indicate the
output relay (RLY7 to RLY0) to which each bit is associated. A “1” indicates that the
relay will respond to the displayed function and a “0” indicates that it will not.
A logical “OR” function is performed on the relay masks so that more than one
relay may be allocated to more than one function. An output mask may be set to
operate the same relay as another mask so that, for example, one output relay
may be arranged to operate for all the functions required to trip the circuit breaker
and another for only those functions that are to initiate autoreclose.
4.15 Resetting values and records
Some values and records can be reset to zero, or some predefined value. To
achieve this the menu cell must be displayed and then the [0] key held depressed
for at least one second to effect the reset. The fault records are slightly different
because they are a group of settings and to reset these the last cell under
FLT RECORDS must be selected. This will display:
Clear = [0]
To reset ALL FIVE fault records hold the [0] key depressed for more than 1s. If the
records are not cleared the oldest record will be overwritten by the next fault.
4.16 Resetting trip LED indication
The trip LED can be reset when the flags for the last fault are displayed. They are
displayed automatically after a trip occurs, or can be selected in the fault record
column. The reset is effected by depressing the [0] key for 1s. Resetting the fault
records as described in 4.15 will also reset the trip LED indication.
Set function link SD5 to “1” for the trip LED to automatically reset. This will then
occur when the circuit breaker is reclosed and the load current exceeds the
undercurrent setting (I<) for three seconds. The LED will not reset if the circuit
breaker is not reclosed and so it is a useful function to employ with autoreclose
equipment, as it will prevent unwanted trip flags being displayed after a successful
reclosure of the circuit breaker.
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Midos standard:
- for dc supplies the positive lead connected to terminal 13 and the negative to
terminal 14
- for ac supplies the live lead is connected to terminal 13 and the neutral lead
to terminal 14.
5.2 Dual powered relays
Dual powered relays derive power from the current transformer circuit and may be
used with this power source alone. However, the application of an auxiliary DC or
AC voltage will enable lower earth fault settings to be used, also settings to be
applied and data to be read when the load current is insufficient to power the
relay. It will also allow communications to be maintained at such times.
When powered from the CT circuit alone the 48V field voltage will be available to
power the opto-isolated control inputs when the protection starts up. The phase
fault current setting range is limited to the minimum current levels at which the
power requirements of the relay can be maintained. See Technical Data, Chapter 7.
This model of relay is rated for an auxiliary voltage
Vx = (100V to 250V).
Note: The capacitance discharge circuit is not isolated from the auxiliary
supply and to prevent the relay from being damaged, no external
ground connection should be made to this circuit.
5.3 Logic control inputs
There are a number of logic control inputs to the relay that are optically coupled to
provide galvanic isolation between the external and internal circuits. They are
rated at 48V and the power supply within the relay provides an isolated field
voltage to energise them. This arrangement keeps the power consumption of these
inputs to a minimum and ensures that they always have a supply to energise them
when the relay is operational. This is particularly important for the dual powered
relay when there is no auxiliary supply voltage available and the relay is
energised by the current from the line current transformers.
Software filtering is applied to prevent induced AC signals in the external wiring
causing operation of logic inputs. This is achieved by sampling the logic inputs
eight times per cycle and five consecutive samples have to indicate that the input is
energised in a positive sense before it is accepted. This ensures that the inputs are
relatively immune to spurious operation from induced ac signals in the wiring. The
capture time is:
12 ±2.5ms at 50Hz
10.4 ±2.1ms at 60Hz
Note: These inputs will not capture a fleeting contact unless it dwells in the
closed state for a time exceeding the above values.
The opto-isolated logic control inputs are divided into two groups. Three (L0, L1,
L2) have their common connection on terminal 52 and the remainder (L3, L4, L5,
L6, L7) have their common connection on terminal 55. When they are to be
energised from the field voltage then terminals 52 and 55 must be connected to
terminal 8, the negative of the field voltage. The logic inputs can then be energised
by connecting a volt free contact between the positive of the field voltage, terminal
7, and the terminal for the appropriate logic input.
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The circuit for each opto-isolated input contains a blocking diode to protect it from
any damage that may result from the application of voltage with incorrect polarity.
Where the opto-isolated input of more than one relay is to be controlled by the
same contact it will be necessary to connect terminal 7 of each relay together to
form a common line. In the example circuit below, contact X operates L1 of relay 1
and contact Y operates L0 of relay 1 as well as L0 and L1 of relay 2. There are no
connections made to L2 as it is not used on either relay.
The logic inputs can be separated into two isolated groups when it is necessary to
energise some from the station battery. The logic inputs are rated at 48V and it will
be necessary to connect an external resistor in series with the input if the battery is
of higher rated voltage. The value of this resistor should be 2.4kΩ for every
additional 10V.
The field voltage is not earthed and has insulation rated for 2kV for 1 minute. Thus
if necessary the positive terminal of the field voltage could be connected to the
positive terminal on the external battery. Also the two separate groups of logic
inputs could be energised from separate batteries.
5.4 Analogue inputs
The relays can have up to eight analogue inputs, two on the microprocessor board
and six on the auxiliary expansion board. Each is fed via an input transducer, a
low pass filter and a three range scaling amplifier. The analogue signals are
sampled eight times per cycle on each channel as the sampling rate tracks the
frequency of the input signal.
The wide setting range provided on the auxiliary powered version of the relays is
sufficient to enable the 5A version of the relay to operate from either 1A or 5A
current transformers and this version of the relay can be used where dual rated
relays are specified. Alternatively, the wide setting range makes the relay suitable
for use on circuit breakers that may be applied to a wide range of load circuit
ratings with only one current transformer ratio. For example a circuit breaker rated
at 2kA and fitted with current transformers rated at 2000/10A (or 2000/2A) and
relays rated at 5A (or 1A) could be applied to circuits with load ratings from 100A
to 2000A.
The dual powered relays have a narrower setting range and must be used with
current transformers that match their current rating. Thermal dissipation is the
limitation for the upper end of the setting range and the energy required to power
the relay is the limitation at the lower end. When the relay is powered from an
additional auxiliary voltage source, earth fault settings can be applied below that
at which the relay can derive sufficient power from the CTs. For this reason the
earth fault setting range has not been restricted.
5.5 Output relays
Four programmable output relays are provided on relays with no more than two
analogue inputs and eight on all other models. They can be arranged to operate in
response to any or all of the available functions by suitably setting the output
masks. The protection and control functions to which these relays respond are
selectable via the menu system of the relay.
In addition there is a watchdog relay which has one make and one break contact.
Thus it can indicate both healthy and failed conditions. As these contacts are
mainly used for alarm purposes they have a lower rating than the programmable
outputs. The terminal numbers for the output relay contacts are given in the table at
the start of Section 5.
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A full list of the alarm flags will be found in Section 3.3 and is located in cell 0022
of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu. They consist of nine characters that may
be either “1” or “0” to indicate the set and reset states respectively. The control
keys perform for this menu cell in the same way as they do for function links. The
cell is selected with the function key [F] and the relay then put in the setting mode
by pressing the [+] key to display the cursor. The cursor will then be stepped
through the alarm word from left to right with each press of the [F] key and text
identifying the alarm bit selected will be displayed.
The only alarm flag that can be manually set is the bit 6, the watchdog test flag.
When this flag is set to “1” the watchdog relay will change state and the green led
will extinguish.
When any alarm flag is set the alarm led will be continuously lit. However, there is
another form of alarm condition that will cause the alarm led to flash and this
indicates that the password has been entered to allow access to change protected
settings within the relay. This is not generally available as a remote alarm and it
does not generate an alarm flag.
Note: No control will be possible via the key pad if the “unconfigured”
alarm is raised because the relay will be locked in a non-operate
state.
Chapter 4
1. CONFIGURATION 1
1.1 Configuring the relay 1
1.2 Default configuration 2
2. CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE RELAY 2
2.1 System data (SD) 2
2.2 Earth fault links (EF) 3
2.3 Phase fault links (PF) 4
2.4 Logic links (LOG) 5
2.5 Preferred use of logic inputs 6
2.6 Preferred use of output relays 6
3. OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT PROTECTION 7
4 FIRST STAGE OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT LOGIC 8
4.1 Start function 8
4.2 Definite time 9
4.3 Inverse time curves 9
4.4 Reset timer 10
4.5 Matching the reset response of an electromechanical relay 10
4.6 Protection against intermittent recurrent faults 10
4.7 Time graded protection 11
4.8 Dual rate inverse time curves 12
5. SECOND/THIRD STAGE OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT LOGIC 12
5.1 Two out of three logic 13
5.2 Broken conductor logic 13
5.3 Transformer inrush currents 13
5.4 Sensitivity to harmonics 14
5.5 Autoreclose inhibition of instantaneous low set 14
5.6 Blocked overcurrent protection 14
5.6.1 Blocked IDMT overcurrent 14
5.6.2 Blocked short time overcurrent 15
5.7 Protection of busbars on radial system 16
5.8 Points to consider with blocking schemes 17
5.9 Back-up transfer tripping scheme 18
5.10 Restricted earth fault protection 18
5.10.1 Setting voltage for stability 18
5.10.2 Rs stabilising resistor 19
5.10.3 Is current setting 19
5.10.4 Metrosil assessment 19
5.11 Rectifier protection 20
5.12 Cold load pick-up 21
6. DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT 23
6.1 Directional overcurrent logic 23
6.2 Directional start output 23
6.3 Directional first stage overcurrent 24
6.4 Directional second and third overcurrent stages 24
6.5 Directional earth fault logic 24
6.6 Application of directional phase fault relays 25
6.7 Synchronous polarisation 25
6.8 Application of directional earth fault relays 26
6.9 Power directional earth fault element 26
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
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SECTION 1. CONFIGURATION
The settings that customise the relay for a particular application are referred to as
the configuration. They include the function links, input masks, relay masks, etc.
and they are password protected to prevent them being changed accidentally.
Together these settings select the functions that are to be made available and how
they are to be interconnected.
Before the advent of integrated numerical relays, protection and control schemes
comprised individual relays that had to be interconnected and a diagram was
produced to show these interconnections. The configuration of a numerical relay is
the software equivalent of these interconnections. With the software approach,
installations can be completed in much shorter times, especially for repeat
schemes, saving valuable time and cost. A second advantage is the ability to make
some changes without having to disturb the external wiring.
Before the connection diagrams can be drawn for an installation, it will be
necessary to decide how the logic within the relay is to function. A copy of the
logic diagram will be found at the back of this manual. It should be copied and the
appropriate squares in the input and relays masks should be shaded in to show
which logic inputs and output relays are to be assigned in each mask. The function
links should then be drawn on the diagram in position “0” or “1” as required.
These software links may turn functions on, or off, and when in the “off” state some
unnecessary settings may not appear in the menu. The second and third
overcurrent stages are typical examples of this. As supplied the third overcurrent
stage is turned off and its associated settings I>>>/t>>> will not appear in the
menu. The function link settings can now be read off the logic diagram and
entered as a series of ones and noughts, in the boxes provided on the logic
diagram.
Case connection diagrams will be found at the back of this manual for the current
models of K Range directional and non directional overcurrent relays. They may be
copied and notes added in the appropriate boxes to indicate the function of the
logic inputs and relay outputs. This diagram will then give the appropriate terminal
numbers to which the external wires must be connected. In particular, it will show
the terminal numbers to which the current and voltage transformers connections are
to be made.
Enough information is available from the logic and case connection diagrams to
enable the full external wiring diagrams to be drawn and the operation of
complete protection and control scheme to be understood.
1.1 Configuring the relay
Each scheme of protection and control will have its own particular configuration
settings. These can be named appropriately and the name entered as the
“description” in cell 0004 in the system data column of the menu. If the scheme is
likely to become a standard that is to be applied to several installations it would be
worthwhile storing the configuration on a floppy disc so that it can be downloaded
to other relays.
The configuration file can be made even more useful by adding appropriate
general settings for the protection and control functions. It will then only require the
minimum of settings to be changed during commissioning the installation.
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A different time characteristic can be selected for to> in the second setting group,
but it is not advisable to select inverse in one group and definite time in the other if
it is intended to dynamically switch between setting groups. If two different inverse
curves are selected then the same register will be used for both. These registers are
not reset to zero when the setting group is changed unless the current falls below
the set threshold.
2.3 Phase fault links (PF)
Select the PF Links under the PHASE FAULT (1) menu column heading and put the
relay into setting mode by pressing the [+] key. Step through the function links with
the [F] key and set the links for the options required.
There are more options available for phase faults, but most of the additional ones
are associated with voltage functions that are only available of the directional
relays. The exceptions are the thermal characteristic which can be enabled by
setting PF0=1 and the broken conductor detection which is activated by setting
PFC=1. The 2/3 logic is also required for the broken conductor detection, so set
link PF7=1 as well when using this function.
PF 0 En Therm 1 = enable thermal element
PF 1 En I>> 1 = enable stage 2 overcurrent
PF 2 Enable I>>> 1 = enable stage 3 overcurrent
PF 3 Drn t> 1 = stage 1 overcurrent directionalised
PF 4 Drn t>> 1 = stage 2 overcurrent directionalised
PF 5 Drn t>>> 1 = stage 3 overcurrent directionalised
PF 6 I>> NoPeak 1 = No peak measurement for stage 2 overcurrent
PF 7 I>>>=2/3 1 = 2 out of 3 phase elements to operate for I>>>/t>>>
trip
PF 8 CB blk V< 1 = V< blocked when CB open
PF 9 V< any=1 1 = any phase undervoltage for trip
0 = all phases undervolted for trip
PF A V< P-N=1 1 = V< measure phase/neutral voltage
0 = V< measure line voltage
PF B SynPol=3.2 1 = synchronous polarising time extended to 3.2s
PF C Brkn Cond 1 = enable broken conductor logic
The links PF3, PF4 and PF5 enable the three overcurrent stages I>, I>> and I>>>
to be selectively directionalised. If all three links PF3, PF4 & PF5 are set non
directional then the forward start will also be non directional and the reverse start
will retain its normal function provided a directionalising voltage signal is
available. The directional options are not be available on non directional KCGG
overcurrent relays.
For KCGG relays the I>>/I>>> elements are responsive to peak measurement so
that they respond faster, but they will be more sensitive to harmonic currents that
create peaks on the waveform. The “NoPeak” option can be selected for I>>
element, with link PF6, when the relay is required to be less sensitive to harmonics.
However, the “NoPeak” option is only provided for the I>> setting. The KCEG
directional overcurrent relays do not respond to peak values and are not provided
with this link option.
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When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the
confirmation display appears and confirm the selection.
Next enter the time delay characteristic for the t> element.
Enter, or copy, the same settings into the PHASE FAULT (2) column if it is active. It is
not essential that the links are set the same in both setting groups. For example the
I>>> element could be made available in group one and not in group two
settings.
Note: It would be wise to check that an element that is to be switched out
in the alternative setting group is reset before the alternative setting
group is selected, or alternatively make a physical test to ensure
there are no latch-up problems.
A different time characteristic can be selected for t> in the second setting group,
but it is not advisable to select inverse in one group and definite time in the other if
it is intended to dynamically switch between setting groups. If two different inverse
curves are selected then the same register will be used for both and these registers
will not be reset to zero when the setting group is changed unless the current is
below the set threshold.
2.4 Logic links (LOG)
The Logic Links under the LOGIC menu column heading customise the auxiliary
functions of the relay. Put the relay into setting mode by pressing the [+] key. Step
through the function links with the [F] key and set the links for the options required.
LOG0 CB Rec 1 = enable CB records to be generated;
= 0 to inhibit when testing.
LOG1 CB1*1=0 1 = sum of currents; 0 = sum of current squared.
LOG2 BF blk Start 1 = enable breaker fail to reset start relays.
LOG3 Aux2=I< 1 = enable I< to initiate timer tAUX2 (loss of load
function).
LOG4 Aux2=/Io< 1 = enable tAUX2 to start when Io exceeds Io< .
LOG5 tAUX Grp2 1 = Group 2 settings selected whilst tAUX3 is
giving an output.
LOG6 tAUX2-tAUX3 1 = enable tAUX2 to delay pick-up of tAUX3.
LOG7 Latch Strt 1 = enable start flags to be latched.
LOG8 Hold Grp2 1 = manual selection of group 2 settings.
LOG9 Rst CBclose 1 = enable a trip to terminate the CB close pulse
LOGA Log Rly7 1 = enable relay RLY7 to initiate latch flags and
log records
LOGB tAUX3=DDO 1 = tAUX3 delayed on drop-off
0 = delayed on pick-up
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When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the
confirmation display appears and confirm the selection.
Set the breaker failure protection time delay tBF.
Set the circuit breaker close and trip pulse time delays tCLOSE and tTRIP.
Select the default display that appears on start-up.
2.5 Preferred use of logic inputs
The following table is not mandatory, but it is suggested that it is followed where
possible so that different schemes will use the a particular logic input for the same
or similar function.
L0 Stg grp2 [change setting group]
L1 Blk t>>/to>> [Block instantaneous low set from autoreclose]
L2 Blkt>>>/to>>> [Block overcurrent for busbar/unit feeder protection]
L3 EXT TRIP [external trip input from other protection]
L4 AUX2 [Auxiliary input to initiate timer tAUX2/CLP]
L5 AUX3 [Auxiliary input to initiate timer tAUX3/CLP]
L6 CB closed [indication that CB is closed]
L7 CB open [indication that CB is open]
2.6 Preferred use of output relays
The following table is not mandatory, but it is suggested that it is followed where
possible so that differrent schemes will use the a particular output relay for the
same or similar function.
RLY0 START [earth fault start or combined phase and earth forward
start]
RLY1 START [phase start or combined phase and earth reverse start]
RLY2 AR INITIATE [any function assigned to initate autoreclose]
RLY3 TRIP [any protection function assigned to trip the circuit
breaker]
RLY4 ALARM [Any function assigned to produce an alarm]
RLY5 BACKTRIP [Output to backtrip for breaker fail]
RLY6 CB close [in response to a remote command]
RLY7 CB trip [in response to a remote command]
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Three independent time delayed overcurrent stages are provided for each phase
and residual current input. In addition there is an undercurrent function associated
with each of these currents and in some instances a thermal overcurrent
characteristic is provided. The settings are marked I>/t>; I>>/t>>; I>>>/t>>>; I<
and Ith>/TC; shown appropriately in the diagram below. These settings affect all
three phases equally.
The earth fault elements have similar settings marked Io>/to>; Io>>/to>>; Io>>>/
to>>> and Io<; there being no thermal element associated with this input.
Both the peak value and the Fourier derived rms value of the power frequency
component of the fault current are used to derive the protection functions Each
value has its own associated characteristics that can be used to advantage. For
example, a change in the peak value may be detected in one half cycle of fault
current and so this measurement is used for the undercurrent elements to obtain the
fast reset required by breaker fail applications. The Fourier derived values are
particularly useful for earth fault applications due to their high rejection of
harmonic currents, in particular the third harmonic. Fourier values are also used for
all measurements where a phase angle reference is required.
Ith>
TC
Time I>
t>
I>>
t>>
I>>>
I<
t>>>
Current
The following diagram shows the logic associated with the first earth fault and
overcurrent stages. When the residual current exceeds the Io> threshold and
provided that no logic inputs selected in the input mask [0A01 Blk to>] are
energised, the time delay to> will start to time out. When the delay time expires
the output relays selected in the relay mask [0B03 Io>] will be energised, causing
them to pick-up.
If a logic input selected in mask [0A01 BLK to>] is energised then the time delay
will be blocked and held reset.
OBO8 tA>
0A05 BLK t> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B09 tB>
& t> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0B0A tC>
I>
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
≥1
& 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Although the curves tend to infinity at the setting current value (Is), the guaranteed
minimum operation current is 1.05Is ±0.05Is for all inverse characteristic curves,
except curve 9 for which the minimum operating current is 1.6Is±0.05Is (see
section on rectifier protection).
Note: Definite time characteristic and the start functions operate at Is
±0.05Is.
Curves numbers 1, 2, 4, and 8 become definite time for currents in
excess of 30 x Is. Curve 3 becomes definite time for currents above
10 x Is to give extra time grading steps at high current levels.
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tReset
Is
2000A
Trip level
I>(1) I>>
I>(2)
The second and third overcurrent and earth fault stages must be selected by setting
links PF1, PF2, EF1 and EF2 =1 as appropriate for their associated settings to
appear in the menu table. For these elements to operate the Fourier derived value
of current must exceed the set threshold, or the peak value of the current must
exceed twice the set threshold. This latter function ensures faster operation for
currents above twice setting whilst ensuring negligible transient overreach.
The time delays for the second and third stage overcurrent elements can be
blocked by the energisation a logic input. If the time delay has started it will be
reset by the application of the blocking signal. Each phase fault and earth fault
element has its own independent time delay to ensure correct discrimination and
fault indication.
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PFC
0
1 &
I<
≥1
0A06 BLK t>>>
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PF7 OBOC t>>>
PF2 ≥1 Broken conductor
0
1
& t>>> 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Stage 3 Overcurrent
I>>> 2/3
1
for a fault below relay C, the start output from relay C will block operation of relay
B and the start output of relay B will block operation of relay A. Hence all three
relays could have the same time and current settings and the grading would be
obtained by the blocking signal received from a relay closer to the fault. This gives
a constant, close time grading, but there will be no back-up protection in the event
of the pilots being short circuited.
Note: There is a small window where operation may not occur with this
arrangement. This occurs because the start relay picks-up at the
current setting (I>), but the IDMT curve requires the current to be
1.05I> before it operates. Hence the up-stream relay should have a
slightly lower current setting than the downstream relay to prevent
this situation arising. Alternatively, the up-stream relay may have an
increased current flowing through it due to the load current for other
feeders and this would be a solution.
The time delays t>>/to>> are arranged to be blocked by the start output of the
downstream relay when the downstream relay detects a fault current flowing. The
short time delay is essential to ensure that the blocking signal will be received by
the upstream relay before operation can occur.
The inverse time overload elements should be graded in the normal way for
cascade operation and to provide overload and backup protection. The short time
elements, operating in the blocking mode, then provide an instantaneous zone of
protection and again the breaker fail feature can be used to advantage. On
detection of a breaker failure condition the start output would be reset to remove
the block from the upstream relay and allowing the upstream relay to trip its
breaker to clear the fault.
Overcurrent relays are adequate for non-cascade operation on radial circuits, but
for ring circuits, or where there are parallel feeds, it will be necessary to use
directionalised overcurrent relays.
5.7 Protection of busbars on radial system
This is simply achieved on radial circuits by setting for the short time lags (t>>/
to>>) of the relay on the incoming feeder 80ms for non-directional relays, and
blocking these time delays when the start output of any relay on the load circuits
detects fault current flowing from the busbar to a feeder. The 80ms time delay is
for worst case conditions and may be reduced, depending on the system X/R and
maximum fault level. Feedback from regenerative loads must be less than the relay
setting.
The protection can be enhanced by arranging for the internal breaker fail circuits
of the feeder relays to backtrip the incoming circuit breaker and/or adding the
back-up transfer tripping arrangement. The use of a dual powered relay on the
incoming feeder can also be considered to provide dead substation protection.
These topics are described more fully in other sections.
Incomer
F1
F2 F3 F4 F5
+ Watchdog Trip -
repeat relay relays
Incomer
Feeder
1
Feeder
2
Feeder
3
Ratio VK/VS 1 2 3 4 5 10
Operation t 80ms 70ms 60ms 50ms 40ms 40ms
Factor k 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6
The peak voltage developed across the differential circuit during an internal fault,
is given by:
Vpeak = √2.IFRS = √2.IFVS/IS volts of a high impedance relay,
and:
Vpeak = 2 √[2Vk(VF - VK)] volts for a medium impedance relay
A high impedance relay would have a current setting in the range 0.005In to
0.05In and a medium impedance relay would have a current setting between
0.1In to 1.0In.
The Metrosil should have a C value of 450 for differential voltage settings 0 to
125V and a C value of 900 for settings 125V to 350V.
Application of Midos K-series relays for restricted earth fault protection is further
described in publication R4120.
5.11 Rectifier protection
A
+
B
C
-
A B C N
Transformer Rectifier
Rs
Protection
10000
Protection curve
Time (seconds)
100 Instantaneous
overcurrent
10
Typical
1 load area
0.1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Multiple of rated current
The rectifier protection feature has been based upon the inverse time/current
characteristic as used in the MCTD 01 and the above diagram shows a typical
application.
The protection of a rectifier differs from the more traditional overcurrent
applications in that many rectifiers can withstand relatively long overload periods
without damage, typically 150% for 2 hours and 300% for 1 min.
The relay I> setting of the relay should be set to the rated rms value of the current
that flows into the transformer when the rectifier is delivering its rated load. The
relay will give a start indication when the current exceeds this setting but this is of
no consequence because this function is not used in this application. Curve 9
should be selected for the inverse time curve and this cuts-off for currents below
1.6 times allowing the rectifier to carry 150% overload for long periods. If this is
not acceptable the I> setting can be adjusted to move the cut-off point relative to
the current scale. The operation time can be modified by adjustment of the time
multiplier setting (TMS) so that it lies between limiting characteristic of the rectifier
and the allowable load area.
Typical settings for the TMS are:
Light industrial service TMS = 0.025
Medium duty service TMS = 0.1
Heavy duty traction TMS = 0.8
The high set is typically set at 8 times rated current as this ensures HV AC
protection will discriminate with faults covered by the LV protection. However, it
has been known for the high set to be set to 4, or 5, times where there is more
confidence in the AC protection.
Use of the thermal element to provide protection between 70% and 160% of rated
current could enhance the protection. It is also common practice to provide
restricted earth fault protection for the transformer feeding the rectifier. See the
appropriate section dealing with restricted earth fault protection.
5.12 Cold load pick-up
The Cold Load Pick-up (CLP) feature enables the settings of the relay to be changed
to cater for temporary overload conditions that may occur during cold starts, such
as switching on large heating loads after a sufficient cooling period, or any load
that takes a high initial starting current.
Initiation of CLP is usually by an auxiliary contact of the circuit breaker that is
closed when the circuit breaker is in the open state. This would be used to energise
a logic input that would be allocated in mask [0A0C Aux3]. If a logic input is
already available to indicate the circuit breaker open status, it can be allocated in
more than one mask; it would not be necessary to use an additional logic input.
For short duration starting loads it may only be necessary to delay the short time
protection functions. Allocating a relay in output mask [0B12 Aux3] and
energising a logic input via its contacts. The logic input can then be allocated in
the appropriate input masks to block the short time overcurrent elements.
Alternatively setting link LOGB = 1 gives timer tAUX3 a delay on drop-off, when it
can be used to select group 2 settings. Then, with the appropriate preset settings
applied, the protection levels can be raised above starting currents and held there
for the time set on tAUX3, after which they return to their normal values. To select
this mode of operation set link [LOG5] = 1 and [SD4]=1. Group 2 settings will be
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 22 of 44
in operation when tAUX3 is energised, that is before the load comes on and for
the set time for tAUX3 after the circuit breaker closes. See also the section entitled
“SETTING GROUPS” which explains the alternative methods by which group 2
settings can be selected.
This latter arrangement is useful when there are no spare output relays and can be
used as an alternative means of blocking the short time elements without using
external connections. To achieve it, the elements that are set to a short time must be
deselected in the group 2 settings, or preferably given a higher setting. This is
possible for elements t>>; t>>>; to>> and to>>>.
If delayed initiation is required, allocate the logic input in mask [0A0B Aux2]
instead of [0A0C Aux3]; set link [LOG6] =1 and set the required delay on tAUX2.
For retrofit installations where an auxiliary circuit breaker contact is not available,
undercurrent initiation via tAUX2 may be used. It is possible to set tAUX2 to zero if
no initial delay is necessary.
The above change of setting group can also be enabled if a 52B contact is not
available, or during instances when the operation of upstream circuit breakers will
cut the supply without opening the down-stream circuit breakers. This is achieved
by using the loss of load feature associated with tAUX2 and by setting [LOG6] =1.
The time delay of the tAUX2 when used in this configuration must be set longer
than the total fault clearance time of the system.
Note: It will be essential to check for correct resetting of any function that is
deselected when switching to group 2 settings.
Time
Stall (CLP)
Overlo
ad (CL
P)
t>
Stall
t>>
Over
load
Short circuit
t>>>
I> I>> I>>> Current
Zone of
forward start
forward operation
Is
Øc–90 Øc Øc+90
–Is
Reverse start
–I
0B08 tA>
0A04 BLK t> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B09 tB>
& t> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0B0A tC>
I>
PF3 PF4 PF5 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0B06 I> FWD START
1 1 1
≥1
& 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FWD
≥1 0B07 I> REV START
0A05 BLK t>> REV
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
& 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0B0B t>>
PF1 ≥1
0
1
PF4
& t>> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
I>> 0
FWD 1
PFC
0
1 &
I<
≥1
0A06 BLK t>>>
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PF7 0B0C t>>>
PF2 ≥1
0
1
PF5
& t>>> 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
I>>> 0 2/3
1
FWD 1
The power characteristic is relative to the set characteristic angle (φc), which will
typically be set to 0°. To reverse the direction of operation the characteristic angle
is changed by ±180°.
Note: If the power setting Po> = 0, then the normal directional
characteristic will be operative instead of the power characteristic.
6.10 Directional stability for instantaneous elements
Directional relays are required to withstand a fault in the reverse direction without
operating. In addition they are required to remain stable (ie. not operate) when the
reverse fault current is removed and the current falls to zero, or to a level that is
below the current setting of the relay and in a forward direction. With time
delayed protection, directional stability is not usually a problem, but with
directionalised instantaneous overcurrent relays it is much more difficult to achieve
and momentary operation may occur when the fault is removed.
The software of the K Range relays has been arranged to reduce transient
operation to a minimum, but even so it is advisable to set the associated time delay
for any directional overcurrent element to between 40ms and 200ms, depending
on the system X/R ratio and the maximum fault level, to ensure stability under this
condition.
6.11 Protection of circuits with multiple in-feeds
For the blocked overcurrent protection to be applied to a feeder that can be fed
from either end, or a busbar with multiple in-feeds, a directional feature must
incorporated. The START elements of any relay that detects current flowing from the
protected zone must block the operation of any relays that detect current flowing
into the protected zone. The directional feature is used to establish if the current is
flowing into, or out of, the protected zone. The principle can be applied to the
protection of busbars, parallel feeders, as shown in the following example, and it
is also suited to ring circuits to simplify grading problems.
The following diagram shows a busbar with several feeders connected to it and
divided by a bus section circuit breaker. The dotted lines indicate the zones of
protection that can be formed using short time overcurrent protection arranged in a
blocked overcurrent scheme. The basic IDMT protection is still applied in the
traditional fashion, but is now augmented by the additional overcurrent elements
within the feeder protection arranged to provide unit protection for both their
associated feeder the bus section to which the feeder is connected.
Incomer Incomer
The thermal overload protection shares the time constant setting with the thermal
ammeters and thus a compromise will be necessary if they are to be used at the
same time. It is recommended that the time constant is chosen to suit the protection
in such instances. The settings for the time constant (TC), the continuous thermal
current rating (Ith>) and the thermal alarm (th>) will be found in the menu columns
containing the phase fault settings.
The time constant can be set between 1 minute and 120 minutes in 1 minute steps
and the thermal current setting (Ith>) can be adjusted between 0.08In and 3.2In.
The thermal protection responds to I2 and will operate faster as the current
increases, but for currents in access of 5.3 times rated current the operation time
will remain the same as that for 5.3 times rated current. This will not be a problem
in practice because the normal IDMT, or definite time, protection will normally
have taken over at a lower level of current.
0 0B17 th ALARM
1 P1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PF0 Alarm 0B18 th TRIP
P1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Trip
0A11 RESET Ith
Thermal
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 reset
2
Ix - P
t = T.LOGe
2
Ix - 1
where
t = time in minutes
T = selected time contstant
Ix = current in multiples (Ith>)
P = (per untit of prefault load)2
P = (IL/Ith>)2
The characteristic curves will be found in the appendix to this document where the
times are shown as a multiple of the selected time constant for various levels of
prefault load.
7.4 Thermal memory
When the auxiliary energising supply is lost the thermal state is stored in non
volatile memory. On restoration of the supply the thermal state is restored.
However, if the stored value of the thermal state is in excess of 90%, the restored
thermal state will be set to 90%.
7.5 Thermal reset
The thermal state can be reset to zero after the password has been entered by
performing a reset function on cell [0407 Thermal] under MEASURE 3. This can be
achieved via the user interface of the relayby pressing the reset key [0] for one
second whilst this cell is displayed, or by a 'reset cell' command via the serial port.
However, this cell is protected and the password must be entered before it can be
reset.
Alternatively, the thermal state can be reset by energising a logic input that has
been allocated in the input mask [0A11 RESET th]. All input masks are password
protected against change, but once a logic input has been assigned to this function
it is not necessary to enter the password again before the reset function can
respond to this input being energised.
Note: The thermal state cannot be reset whilst viewing cell 0407 from the
default display.
If the thermal state is greater than 90% it will be reset to 90% after a
break in the auxiliary supply.
If link PF0 = 0 in either setting group, then the thermal state will not
reset to zero when that group is selected. If the thermal protection is
not to be used the thermal state should be manually reset to zero to
clear the memorised state.
7.6 Dual time constant characteristics
It is possible to set different time constants in setting group 1 and 2 and so
produce dual characteristics with dual time constants in a similar way to the
composite curves described in Section 4.8. For such an application the setting
group will be arranged to change in response to the current exceeding one of the
current thresholds I>> or I>>>.
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 31 of 44
SECTION 8. UNDERCURRENT
LOG2
1
0A09 EXT. TRIP 0 0B0F CB FAIL
I< ≥1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Io<
tBF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RLY3
SECTION 9. UNDERVOLTAGE
≥1
0A0E CB CLOSED IND
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
detecting the reduction in the line voltage, at the relaying point, that is present
during a fault and not during normal load conditions. For this application the
following settings should be applied to the relay:
Set links as follows: PF8 = 1; PF9 = 1, or 1; PFA = 0 (the line voltage is used to
prevent operation during earth fault).
Assign a logic input, to indicate CB closed, in input mask [0A0E CB CLOSED].
Assign any relay, but not RLY3, in output mask [0B17 tV<] and externally wire this
contact to energise an unused logic input and then assign this input in mask [0A0D
SEL GRP2]. This will select the group 2 settings when an undervoltage condition
occurs.
Apply normal settings for phase faults in group 1and the appropriate lower phase
fault settings in group 2.
The under frequency threshold (F<) is used in conjunction with an auxiliary timer to
provide a load shedding function. Setting link PFD = 1 will enable the under
frequency element to initiate tAUX1 when the frequency falls below the setting F<
provided a logic input is assigned in the input mask [0A0A AUX1] is energised, to
give a time delayed output via any relay assigned in the output mask [0B10
AUX1]. This will usually be relay RLY3, the main trip relay. This feature enables the
load shedding to be graded by both frequency and time.
The frequency measurement will default to the set rated frequency when the signals
are too small to measure and provided the under frequency setting is lower than
this no output should occur. However, it is known that when a circuit breaker is
opened there may be small signals present due to mutual coupling, or ringing
effects, that generate signals to which the underfrequency element can respond. In
such cases the undercurrent can be gated with some other function such as a
lowset overcurrent element, or the circuit breaker closed indication via the input
mask [0A0A AUX1].
When the auxiliary timers tAUX1, tAUX2, and tAUX3 are not being used by the
internal logic of the relay they may be used as discrete time delay elements. Timers
tAUX1 and tAUX2 will start to time when a logic input assigned in their input
masks is energised. They will then energise an output relay assigned in their
associated output masks after the set time has elapsed. Time delays can be set
from 0.01s up to 24 days.
Timer tAUX2 may be used as a discrete time delay function, or to give delayed
initiation of tAUX3. It can also be used to give longer reset delays for the
disturbance recorder (see the section on Disturbance Recorder).
Timer tAUX3 is slightly different to tAUX1 and tAUX2 in it can be selected to give a
delay on pick-up as in series 1 relays, or alternatively a delay on drop-off.
Software link LOGB is used to make the selection. Set LOGB = 0 for delay on pick-
up and LOGB = 1 for delay on drop-off.
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 35 of 44
The relay has two setting groups, but as supplied only setting group 1 will be
visible. To make the second group of settings visible in the menu, set function link
SD4=1 in the SYSTEM DATA column. The value of the group 2 settings is
unimportant when link SD4 = 0, because group 1 settings will be in use by default.
The menu cell 000E, in the SYSTEM DATA column, is a read only cell that displays
the setting group that is in operation.
Note: The logic associated with the change of setting group has changed
from that in the original K Range relay and the following notes only
apply to K Range series 2 relays.
1
LOG6 0B12 AUX3
0A0C AUX3 ≥1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
tAUX3 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG8 LOGB LOG5
0 0
1 1
SD4
0A0D STG GRP 2 0
≥1 1 Change to setting
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 group 2
SD3
0 Remote set Grp2
SET 1
1
RESET 0
Remote reset Grp1
Dual powered relays are powered from an AC, or DC, auxiliary supply. This
supply need not be secure because the relay will draw current from the current
transformer circuit in the absence of the auxiliary supply.
13.1 Powered from current transformers alone
When powered from the current transformer circuit alone, the minimum current to
operate the relay is that required to establish the power supply rails within the
relay. Lowering the design value of this parameter increases the burden on the
current transformers and the power dissipated within the relay case. The limits are
therefore a compromise based on these factors:
Minimum current to power the relay for phase faults = 0.4In
Minimum current to power the relay for earth faults = 0.2In
However, a combined three phase and earth/ground fault relay will operate with
lower earth/ground fault current settings when the load current in the protected
circuit is sufficient to power the relay ie. greater than 0.4In. Settings less than
0.2In are provided for earth faults, but they must be used with discretion.
0.8
0.6
Time (seconds)
0.4
0.2
0
1 7 10 70 100
delay whilst the power supply builds up, but this will be less significant when using
an inverse time/current characteristic as the power supply delay similarly varies
with current. The start-up time is not reduced by lowering the time multiplier setting.
With prefault load current there will be no start-up time and the relays will operate
within their normal time settings.
Note: Where the start-up delay cannot be tolerated it is recommended that
the relay is also powered from an auxiliary AC voltage supply so
that it can be up and running before a fault occurs. It will also make
stored disturbance and event records more secure, because they are
discarded when the relay powers down.
13.2 Powered from an auxiliary AC voltage and from current
transformers
The addition of an auxiliary AC, or DC, voltage supply to power the relay will:
- enable the settings to be changed when the protected circuit is de-energised.
- enable records to be retrieved and control functions to be carried out over the
communication link.
- reduce the burden on the line CTs.
When using an auxiliary AC voltage, it may be lost during a fault, when power
will be drawn from the current transformer circuit to maintain the relay in a fully
operational state. However, if the source of the auxiliary voltage is carefully
chosen it is unlikely to be lost completely during earth faults but it may collapse to
50% of its rated value. Provided the voltage is still above the minimum required to
power the relay, very low earth fault settings can be successfully applied. In the
absence of the auxiliary voltage the relay is not guaranteed to operate for earth
fault currents less than 0.2In.
No alarm is given for loss of the ac auxiliary voltage, unless it is externally
monitored by a separate supervision relay.
13.3 Special application notes for dual powered relays
Dual powered relays may be fitted with eight opto-isolated inputs and eight relay
outputs, but at the claimed minimum operating current they cannot all be energised
at the same time. If they are, then the minimum operation current will be increased.
However, in applications requiring a dual powered relay it is unlikely that more
than two output relays will be energised at any one time. The following table
shows how the minimum operating current varies with the number of relays (not
including the watchdog) and inputs that are to be energised at the same time.
Imin = 0.4In for phase faults and 0.2In for earth/ground faults.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 39 of 44
Relay
42
RLY3
44
9 Trip
+
10
To cover all fault conditions, three trip coils are required and may be necessary to
limit the maximum energy that can be fed to each coil, by means of saturating
shunt reactors.
RELAY
42
RLY3
44
9
+
10
21 23 25 28
TC TC TC MVAZ
Ia
To Ib
Ic
line
CTs In
MVTT 14 or MVUA 11. In K Range series 2 relays only, auxililary timers tAUX3
may be configured for delay on pick-up, or delay on drop-off and for this
application it should be set for a delay on pick-up by setting link LOGB = 0 (in K
Range series 1 tAUX3 is always delayed on pick-up). Timers tAUX2 and tAUX3 are
always delayed on pick-up.
14.2 Connections
The connection diagram for the scheme using the K Range relay auxiliary timers is
shown in Figure 24.
Equipment list
Device Function Device Function
SW-1/1
TOC
+ -
99-1
(t>, t>>, t>>>) In Out
FS-1
52T
99-2 SW-2/1
(t>, t>>, t>>>) Out In
FS-2
94
PB-1 S
R
AUX3-1
MVAA15
13 14
48V
+ -
AUX2
52-a AUX3
AUX2-1
BLOCK
(99-t>>)
CB Close
AUX1-1
FS-3 CB Close -1
52C
99
KCGG/KCEG
SW-1/2
TOC
94-2
99
52-a
52-b
94-1
Aux2
CB Close
Aux3
Aux1
1 2 3
99
52-a
52-b
94-1
Aux2
CB Close
Aux3
Aux1
1 2 3 4 5
1. MEASURE 1 1
1.1 Current 1
1.2 Voltage 1
1.3 Frequency 1
2. MEASURE 2 1
2.1 Ιmax 1
2.2 Power 1
2.3 Power mode selection 1
2.4 Three phase power factor 2
3. MEASURE 3 3
3.1 Thermal ammeter 3
3.2 Thermal state 3
3.3 Peak demand 4
4. FAULT RECORDS 4
4.1 Generating fault records 4
4.2 Accessing fault records 5
4.3 Resetting fault records 5
4.4 Fault passage information 5
5. EVENT RECORDS 6
5.1 Triggering event records 6
5.2 Time tagging of event records 6
5.3 Accessing and resetting event records 6
6. DISTURBANCE RECORDS 7
6.1 Recorder control 7
6.2 Recorder capture 7
6.3 Recorder post trigger 8
6.4 Recorder logic trigger 8
6.5 Recorder relay trigger 8
6.6 Notes on recorded times 8
6.7 Disturbance recorder reset options 9
7. CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE RECORDS 9
7.1 Circuit breaker clearance time 9
7.2 Circuit breaker operations counter 9
7.3 Circuit breaker contact duty 10
7.4 Circuit breaker maintenance alarm 10
8. ALARM RECORDS 11
8.1 Watchdog 11
8.1.1 Auxiliary powered relays 11
8.1.2 Dual powered relays 11
8.2 Trip indication 11
8.3 Alarm indication 11
SECTION 1. MEASURE 1
The same menu cells have been retained for measurement values and new cells
have been used for any additional measurements that are now included.
1.1 Current
Current is measured once per power frequency cycle and Fourier is used to extract
the fundamental component. Measurements are made for each of the three phase
currents (Ia, Ib, Ic) and the residual circuit current (Io). These values are stored in
menu cells 0201, 0202, 0203 and 0204 respectively.
1.2 Voltage
The phase/neutral voltages are measured directly when the internal VTs are star
connected. The phase voltages (Va, Vb, Vc) are then stored in menu locations
0208, 0209 and 020A. From the sum of these voltages the residual voltage (Vo) is
calculated. This voltage is equivalent to the output that would be obtained from an
open delta connection of a three phase VT and is three times the zero sequence
voltage. The residual voltage Vo is stored in menu location 020B. The phase
voltages are calculated from the measured phase voltages and stored in menu
locations 0205, 0206 and 0207.
In KCEU142 the internal VTs are delta connected. The line voltages (Vab, Vbc,
Vca) and the residual voltage are then directly measured and stored in their
respective menu locations.
1.3 Frequency
The sampling frequency of the analogue/digital converter is synchronised to the
power system frequency when there is a signal of sufficient strength to reliably
make a frequency measurement. In the absence of a signal to frequency track the
sampling frequency defaults to the power frequency setting in menu cell 0009. For
protection functions the measured frequency defaults to the power frequency
setting when the current and voltage is zero. The displayed frequency
measurement will also be the sampling frequency, but in this case it will read 0
when the frequency tracking stops.
SECTION 2. MEASURE 2
2.1 Imax
Imax is not a demand value, but the highest of the three phase currents and is
stored in menu cell 0304. It is a useful value to display when all three phase
currents cannot be displayed.
2.2 Power
Active and reactive power is calculated for each of the three phases and from
these the three phase power is calculated. On series 1 relays only the three phase
power could be accessed, but on series 2 relays the single phase values are also
available. All the power measurements are to be found under MEASURE 2.
2.3 Power mode selection
The standard current and voltage connections, shown on connection diagrams,
follow the convention that forward current flows from the busbar to the feeder. This
will correspond to positive values of active power flowing from the busbar to the
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 5
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 2 of 12
feeder. However, alternative methods of signing the direction of power flow are
provided to suit other application, or user’s standard. The signing for the active
and reactive power can be changed in menu cell 031E to any of the following four
alternatives:
SECTION 3. MEASURE 3
On loss of the auxiliary supply the thermal state is memorised and when the supply
is restored the thermal state is restored to the memorised value unless the stored
value is greater than 90% when it will be restored to 90%. The thermal state is
protected and the password must be entered before it can be reset via the menu.
Cell 0407 under MEASURE 3 should then be displayed and the [0] key pressed
for 1 second. This does not reset the thermal ammeters or the peak demand
values.
3.3 Peak demand
The peak demand is the highest value the thermal ammeters have attained since
they were last reset and the demand for each phase is recorded separately. The
peak demand can be reset by entering the password, selecting one of the peak
demand values in the menu, cells 040A, 040B, or 040C, and pressing the reset
key [0]. This will also cause the thermal ammeters to reset at the same time but the
thermal state will not be reset.
A full fault record is now stored for each of the last five faults, with the new record
overwriting the oldest record one. These records are stored in non volatile memory
and are retained when the relay is powered down. Fault records contain the
following information:
- fault flags
- three line voltages
- measured phase currents
- residual current and voltage
- time from trip command to cessation of current flow
Fault records are also recorded with a time tag in the event recorded
4.1 Generating fault records
Block start
0A0 L TRIP
0B0D CB TRIP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ≥1
SD2 tTRIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 Trip circuit breaker
1
0B0E CB CLOSE
0A0 L CLOSE Close circuit breaker ≥1 tCLOSE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset
LOG9
0
≥1 1
LOG2
0A0 EXT. TRIP 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
≥1 I< ≥1 0B0F CB FAIL
tBF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RLY3 Io<
Fault records are generated when output relay RLY3, or a logic input assigned in
the input mask [0A09 EXT TRIP], is energised. The fault flags will be latched and
the trip LED lit in response to these two inputs. The circuit maintenance records will
be updated and the breaker fail protection initiated by either of these two inputs.
Relay RLY7 is used for remote, or manual trip, and can be arranged to trigger the
generation of fault and circuit breaker maintenance records by setting link
LOGA = 1, but in this case the breaker fail protection will not be initiated.
Setting link LOG7 = 1 will enable the start relays to generate a fault record and so
record the passage of fault current, but since if the fault is not cleared by this relay
operating output relay RLY3 or RLY7, the circuit breaker fail protection will not be
initiated, the trip LED will not be lit and the maintenance records will not be
updated.
4.2 Accessing fault records
Fault records can be accessed by selecting [0101 Fault No Fn] in the
[FLT RECORD] column menu. The fault number (Fn) denotes the record for the last
fault and the record for previous faults can be selected by successive long presses
of the [0] key. Fn-1 is the previous fault and Fn-2 is the one before that, etc.
The [0] key enables fault record selection with the cover in place on the relay, but
for remote selection, the usual change setting commands will give a quicker
response. With the cover removed and menu cell [0101 Fault NoFn] displayed,
the [+] and [-] keys can be used to change to the required record number.
4.3 Resetting fault records
All five fault records can be cleared by selecting cell 0110, the last cell under fault
records and pressing the [0] key for 1 second.
Note: If fault records are being viewed with ACCESS or PAS&T software;
hit return key and then select the reset cell option to reset all five fault
records.
4.4 Fault passage information
Any start function can be used to initiate a fault record when it detects the passage
of fault current through the protected zone. This fault record will contain the current
magnitude, the phases involved and voltage measurements, if appropriate. To
achieve this it is necessary to set function link LOG A = 1 so that recording is
initated by the start relays picking up. Several such records may be stored in the
event recorder and the number will be increased if the logging of logic events is
turned off by setting link SD7 = 0.
If the fault records are also generated by relay RLY3 they will still be generated for
faults that are cleared by the relay tripping as well as for those passing through the
protected section. The disturbance recorder, if set to trigger when relay RLY3 picks-
up, will only capture a record for faults cleared by RLY3 operating.
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Fifty time tagged event records can be stored, after which the oldest record is
overwritten. They are stored in non volatile memory and will be lost if the relay is
powered down. The event records can only be accessed via the serial
communication port and PC software is available to support the automatic
extraction and storing of these records.
The following items are recorded by the event recorder:
· Fault records including: fault flags, fault currents and voltages.
· Setting changes made via the user interface on the front of the relay
· Logic events: status change of logic inputs and/or output relays
· Alarms: internal equipment alarms detected by self monitoring functions.
The number of full fault records that can be stored in events records can be
increased by setting link SD7=0 to inhibit storage of logic events.
5.1 Triggering event records
Event records are triggered automatically in response to the functions listed in the
previous section.
5.2 Time tagging of event records
The K Range relays do not have a real time clock. Instead, they each have a free-
running 32-bit counter that increments every 1ms. When an event occurs, the value
of this millisecond counter is recorded (Ta) and stored in the event buffer. When the
event is extracted, the present value of the millisecond counter is also sent in the
message (Tb). The master station must record the actual time at which it received
the event message (Tc). This is equivalent to Tb if we consider the transmission time
of the event over the communication network to be negligible. It then calculates
how long ago the event occurred by:
How long ago = (Tb - Ta) ms
Real time = (time message was received) - (how long ago it occurred)
= (Tc) - (Tb - Ta) ms
Time tagging is to a resolution of 1ms, the incrementation rate of the counter and
remains valid for approximately 49 days. However, the crystal to control the timing
has a nominal accuracy of ±50 ppm, is not externally synchronised and has no
temperature compensation. It can therefore introduce an error of ±1s in every 5.5
hours.
The event recording was originally designed for use with automatic extraction
programs running on a personal computer (PC) when these timing errors would be
insignificant. Refer to Chapter 5, Section 6.6 for notes on recorded times, as these
apply equally to event records.
5.3 Accessing and resetting event records
Event records cannot be viewed on the relay and can only be accessed via the
serial communication port of the relay. A PC with suitable software, such as PAS&T,
can automatically extract the records, display them on a screen, print them, or
store them to either a floppy disk or to the hard diskof the computer.
When a new record is generated the oldest event record is automatically
overridden and the event flag set. The PAS&T software responds to this flag and
extracts the record. When all records have been read, the event flag resets.
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The internal disturbance recorder has one channel allocated to each of the
measured analogue quantities; one to record the eight control inputs and one to
record the eight relay outputs. As with the event recorder, when the buffer is full the
oldest record is overwritten and records are deleted if the auxiliary supply to the
relay is removed. This ensures that when the buffer is read the contents will all be
valid.
The disturbance recorder is stopped and the record frozen, a set time after a
selected trigger has been activated. For example, a protection trip command could
be the selected trigger and the delay would then set the duration of the trace after
the fault.
Each sample has a time tag attached to it so that when the waveform is
reconstituted it can be plotted at the correct point against the time scale, thus
ensuring that the time base is correct and independent of the frequency. The K
Range overcurrent relays measure eight samples per cycle, but the method of
recording allows the analysis program to perform with records that may have a
different sample rate.
The disturbance recorder may be triggered by several different methods dependent
on the settings in the RECORDER column of the menu. However, the records have
to be read via the serial communication port and suitable additional software is
required to reconstruct and display the waveforms. Only one complete record is
stored and the recorder must be reset before another record can be captured.
6.1 Recorder control
This cell displays the state of the recorder :
a) RUNNING - recorder storing data (overwriting oldest data)
b) TRIGGERED - recorder stop delay triggered
c) STOPPED - recorder stopped and record ready for retrieval
When this cell is selected, manual control is possible and to achieve this the relay
must be put into the setting mode by pressing the [+] key. A flashing cursor will
then appear on the bottom line of the display at the left-hand side. The [+] key will
then select 'running' and the [-] key will select 'triggered'. When the appropriate
function has been selected the [F] key is pressed to accept the selection and the
selected function will take effect when the [+] key is pressed to confirm the
selection. To abort the selection at any stage, press the reset key [0].
6.2 Recorder capture
The recorder can capture:
a) SAMPLES - the individual calibrated samples
b) MAGNITUDES - the Fourier derived amplitudes
c) PHASES - the Fourier derived phase angles
The relay has no electro-mechanical adjustments, all calibration is effected in
software and all three of the above options are used in the calibration process. For
normal use as a fault recorder, SAMPLES will be the most useful.
However, for 60Hz systems there is less processing time available per cycle and if
all the protection functions have been activated the menu system, being the lowest
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priority task, may appear very slow. To improve this the disturbance recorder
should be stopped (triggered) via the menu. If records are still required at this time
then it is suggested that the recorder is set to record magnitudes rather than
samples because this will use less of the available processing time.
6.3 Recorder post trigger
The post trigger setting determines the length of the trace that occurs after the stop
trigger is received. This may be set to any value between 1 and 512 samples.
When recording samples the total trace duration is 512/8 = 64 cycles because
the interval between the samples is equivalent to one eighth of a cycle. However,
the Fourier derived values are calculated once per cycle and so the total trace
length when recording these calculated phase or amplitude values is 512 cycles.
6.4 Recorder logic trigger
Any, or all, of the opto-isolated inputs may be used as the stop trigger and the
trigger may be taken from either the energisation or the de-energisation of these
inputs. The bottom line of the display for this cell will show a series of 16
characters, each of which may be set to '1' or '0'. A '1' will select the input as a
trigger and a '0' will deselect it.
The selection is made using the instructions for the setting links in Chapter 3,
Section 3.4. The opto-isolated input (L0 to L7) associated with each digit is shown
on the top line of the display for the digit underlined by the cursor. A '+' preceding
it will indicate that the trigger will occur for energisation and a ' - ' will indicate the
trigger will occur for de-energisation.
6.5 Recorder relay trigger
Any, or all, of the output relays may be used as a stop trigger and the trigger may
be taken from either the energisation or the de-energisation of these outputs. The
bottom line of the display for this cell will show a series of 16 characters, each of
which may be set to '1' or '0'. A '1' will select the input and a '0' will deselect it.
The selection is made using the instructions for setting links in Chapter 3,
Section 3.4. The output relay (RLY0 to RLY7) associated with each digit underlined
by the cursor is shown on the top line of the display. A '+' preceding it will
indicate that the trigger will occur for energisation and a '-' will indicate the trigger
will occur for de-energisation.
6.6 Notes on recorded times
The times recorded for the opto-isolated inputs is the time at which the relay
accepted them as valid and responded to their selected control function. This will
be 12.5 ±2.5ms at 50Hz (10.4 ±2.1ms at 60Hz) after the opto-input was
energised.
The time recorded for the output relays is the time at which the coil of the relay was
energised and the contacts will close approximately 5ms later. Otherwise the time
tags are generally to a resolution of 1ms for events and to a resolution of 1µs for
the samples values.
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SD5
I< 0
3SEC SD8
1
SD6
Reset trip flags
0A0B AUX2
0 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset disturbance
SD8 ≥1 1 1 recorder
Recorder
0 stopped
1
Recorder
LOG3 stopped
0 I<
1 & 0B11 AUX2
LOG4
Io<
P1 tAUX2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0
1
LOG0 CB(ops)>
0 0B19 CB ALARM
1 ≥1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CB duty>
input mask [0A09 EXT TRIP] is energised by an external trip. If link LOGA = 1 then
operation of relay RLY7 will also be able to increment this register. RLY7 is normally
used for manual or remote trips via the trip pulse timer (tTRIP).
This function is inhibited if link LOG 0 =0 and operative if LOG 0 =1.
Incrementation of this counter can be blocked during testing by setting link
LOG 0 = 0.
The value of the counter can be reset to zero when it is displayed, by pressing the
reset key [0]. Alternatively a reset cell command can be sent via the serial
communication port. These cells are password protected and cannot be reset if the
password has not been entered.
Note: Resetting the (CBops) counter will also result in the 'CBduty' registers
being reset at the same time.
7.3 Circuit breaker contact duty
Three registers are used to sum the contact breaking duty separately for each
phase. These are labelled [0311 CBdutyA], [0312 CBdutyB] and
[0313 CBdutyC]. If link LOG 1=1 then the relay sums the current and it LOG 1=0
then the relay sums the squared current. The value of these registers can be
accessed under the column heading MEASURE 2. These records are updated
every time output relay RLY3 operates, if link LOGA = 1 and RLY7 operates, or an
opto input assigned in input mask [0A09 EXT TRIP] is energised by an external trip.
When a remote trip is issued via the serial communications, or a local trip initiated
via the input mask [0A07 LTrip] relay RLY7 should be assigned in output mask
[0B0D CB Trip]. Then the contact duty record will also be updated when relay
RLY7 operates if links LOG0 = 1, LOG1 = 0, LOGA = 1.
This function is inhibited if link LOG0 = 0 and operative if LOG1 = 1. Hence by
setting this link LOG0 = 0 during testing its incrementation can be blocked.
The value of these three registers can be reset to zero when any one of them is
displayed, by pressing the reset key [0]. Alternatively a reset cell command can be
sent via the serial communication port. These cells are password protected and
cannot be reset if the password has not been entered.
Note: Resetting the circuit breaker contact duty registers will also reset the
circuit breaker operations counter.
7.4 Circuit breaker maintenance alarm
A threshold can be set on the circuit breaker operations counter and the summated
contact duty. The settings will be found in menu cells [0908 CBops>] and
[0909 CBduty>1] under the LOGIC column heading. When the thresholds are
exceeded the output mask [0B19 CB ALARM] will be energised and any relay
assigned in this mask will pick-up to initiate an alarm. This is the only form of alarm
that is generated, except for the change in state of the output relay, which may be
recorded in the event records if link SD7 = 1. The alarm will be inhibited if link
LOG 0=0, or if the output relay is de-selected in the relay mask.
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8.1 Watchdog
8.1.1 Auxiliary powered relays
The watchdog relay will pick up when the relay is operational to indicate a healthy
state, with its make contact closed. When an alarm condition is detected that
requires some action to be taken, the watchdog relay will reset and its break
contact will close to give an alarm.
8.1.2 Dual powered relays
The watchdog relay operates in a slightly modified way on this version of the
relay, because it does not initiate an alarm for loss of auxiliary power, as this may
have been taken from an insecure source, or it may be powered solely from the
current circuit. Operation of the watchdog is therefore inverted so that it will pick
up for a failed condition, closing its make contact to give an alarm and in the
normal condition it will remain dropped off with its break contact closed to
indicate a healthy state.
The green LED will usually follow the operation of the watchdog in either of these
two cases. It will be lit when the relay is powered-up, operational and has not
detected any abnormal conditions.
The watchdog can be tested by setting alarm flag 6 to '1' in menu cell 0003 in the
SYSTEM DATA column of the menu.
8.2 Trip indication
The trip LED will be lit following a trip condition where output relay RLY3 has
operated, or a logic input that has been assigned in input mask [0A08 EXT TRIP]
has been energised.
Relay RLY7 is generally reserved for remote trip initiation via the serial
communication port. When link LOGA = 1 and relay RLY7 is assigned in output
mask [0B0D CB Trip] the trip LED will be lit if relay RLY7 has operated. Relay RLY7
can also be initiated for manual trips via the trip pulse timer (tTRIP) by assigning a
logic input in mask [0A07 LTrip] to give a trip indication. Unlike relay RLY3, RLY7
does not initate the breaker fail protection, but they can both initiate the generation
of fault records and hence fault flags. When relay RLY7 operates and link
LOGA = 1, the default display changes to the fault flag display and a letter 'R' is
displayed in the extreme right-hand position on the bottom line of the display to
indicate a 'remote trip'.
If link LOGA = 0 relay RLY7 can be freely assigned to any output function, without
creating a trip indication.
8.3 Alarm indication
The alarm LED will flash when the password has been entered. It will be lit and
remain steady when an internal fault has been detected by its self test routine. The
alarm flags can then be accessed to determine the fault, provided the relay is still
able to perform this function. See Chapter 3, Sections 3.5 and 3.6 for more
information on alarm flags.
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Chapter 6
Serial Communications
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 6
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Serial communications are supported over K-Bus, a multi-drop network that readily
interfaces to IEC870-5 FT1.2 standards. The language and protocol used for
communication is Courier. It has been especially developed to enable generic
master station programs to access many different types of relay without the
continual need to modify the master station program for each relay type. The
relays form a distributed data base and the master station polls the slave relays for
any information required.
This includes:
Measured values
Menu text
Settings and setting limits
Fault records
Event records
Disturbance records
Plant status
Software is available to support both on-line and off-line setting changes to be
made and the automatic extraction and storage of event and disturbance records
as described in Section 3.
Courier is designed to operate using a polled system, which prevents a slave
device from communicating directly to a master control unit when it needs to inform
it that something has happened; it must wait until the master control unit requests
the information. A feature of Courier is that each piece of information is packeted
by preceding it with a ‘data type and length’ code. By knowing the format of the
data the receiving device can interpret it.
The Courier Communication Manual describes various aspects of this language
and other communication information necessary to interface these devices to other
equipment. It gives details on the hardware and software interfaces as well as
guidelines on how additional devices should implement the Courier language so
as to be consistent with all other devices.
SECTION 2. K-BUS
54
56
K-Bus
Screened 2 core cable
Although Courier and IEC-870 both have inherent error detection, the parity
checking on each individual character in the 11-bit frame provides additional
security and is a requirement of IEC870 in order to meet the error rate levels it
guarantees. It is therefore recommended that modems should be used which
support these 11-bit frames.
The following modem has been evaluated for use with the full IEC870 ft1.2
protocol and is recommended for use:
Motorola Codex 3265 or 3265 Fast
Other modems may be used provided that the following features are available ;
refer to the modem documentation for details on setting these features:
- Support for an 11 bit frame (1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 even parity bit and 1
stop bit). This feature is not required if the 10-bit frame format is chosen.
- Facility to disable all error correction, data compression, speed buffering or
automatic speed changes.
- It must be possible to save all the settings required to achieve a connection
in non-volatile memory. This feature is only required for modems at the
outstation end of the link.
Notes:
1. The V23 asymmetric data rate (1200/75bits/s) is not supported
2. Modems made by Hayes do not support 11 bit characters.
and hence set to “0” by default. The functions of some existing links have been
changed. Reference should be made to the logic diagrams to determine how they
should be set for series 2 relays.
Application setting files for series 1 relays will require some modification before
they can be used with series 2 relays.
4.2 Relay address
The relay can have any address from 1 to 254 inclusive. Address 255 is the
global address that all relays, or other slave devices, respond to. The Courier
protocol specifies that no reply shall be issued by a slave device in response to a
global message. This is to prevent all devices responding and causing contention
on the bus.
Each relay is supplied with its address set to 255 to ensure that when connected to
an operational network it will not have a conflicting address with another device
that is already operational. To make the new device fully operational it must have
its address set. The address can be changed manually by entering the password
and changing the address by the setting change method via the user interface on
the front of the relay.
Alternatively, if the software running on the PC supports auto-addressing, the relay
address can be set to 0 and the auto-addressing feature of the PC software turned
on. The relay will then be automatically set to the next available address on the
bus. PAS&T software supports both these features.
If the address is 255, or unknown, the device address can be changed by sending
a new address, in a global message, to a device with a particular serial number.
This method (supported by PAS&T, Courier Access and CourierCom) is useful for
devices that are not provided with a user interface with which to read or change
the current address.
4.3 Measured values
Any measured value can be extracted periodically by polling the relay. Measured
values are stored in the same menu locations in the KCGG/KCEG relays and the
KMPC measurement centre.
4.4 Status word
A status byte is contained in every reply from a slave device. This is returned by
the relay at the start of every message to signal important data on which the
master station may be designed to respond automatically.
The flags contained are:
Bit 0 – 1 = Disturbance record available for collection
Bit 1 – 1 = Plant status word changed
Bit 2 – 1 = Control status word changed
Bit 3 – 1 = Relay busy, cannot complete reply in time
Bit 4 – 1 = Relay out of service
Bit 5 – 1 = Event record available for retrieval
Bit 6 – 1 = Alarm LED lit
Bit 7 – 1 = Trip LED lit
Bits 7 and 8 are used to mimic the trip and alarm indication on the frontplate of
the slave devices. They cannot be used to extract fault and alarm information from
a slave device because they cannot be guaranteed to be set for a long enough
period to be identified.
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Bits 5 and 0 enable the master station to respond automatically and extract event
records and disturbance records, if they are so programmed.
4.5 Plant status word
The plant status word can be found at menu location 000C and each pair of bits
in the plant status word is used to indicate the status (position) of items of plant
controlled via the relay.
Only the circuit breaker can be controlled via the relays described in this service
manual and the associated bits in the plant status word are defined as follows:
Bit 1 Bit 0 – Circuit breaker 1
0 0 – No CB connected (auxiliary CB1 contacts faulty)
0 1 – CB1 open
1 0 – CB1 closed
1 1 – Auxiliary CB1 contacts or wiring faulty
Bit 8 Bit 9 – Circuit breaker 2
0 0 – No CB connected (auxiliary CB2 contacts faulty)
0 1 – CB2 open
1 0 – CB2 closed
1 1 – Auxiliary CB2 contacts or wiring faulty
The master PAS&T control unit software makes use of this information to generate a
table of all the circuit breakers and isolators that can be controlled and to show
their current status.
To make this information available to the master control unit it is necessary to
allocate a logic input that will be energised when the circuit breaker is closed in
input mask [0A0E CB CLOSED IND] and one that is energised when the circuit
breaker is open in input mask [0A0F CB OPEN IND]. Bits 0 and 1 will then
indicate the position of the circuit breaker.
If the circuit breaker can be racked into one of two positions, such that it can be
connected to busbar 1 or busbar 2, then a third logic input that will be energised
when the circuit breaker is connected to busbar 2 must be assigned in the input
mask [0A10 CB BUS 2]. The circuit breaker open/closed states will then be
transferred to bits 8 and 9 when the circuit breaker is in position for connecting the
feeder to busbar 2. The circuit breaker can then be controlled with the appropriate
open and close commands.
4.6 Control status word
The control status word will be found in menu cell 000D. It is used to transfer
control information from the slave device to the master control unit. However, the
relays described in this manual are protection relays and this feature is not used.
4.7 Logic input status word
The status of the logic control inputs can be observed by polling menu cell 0020,
where the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8
logic inputs. This cell is read only.
4.8 Output relay status word
The status of the output relays can be observed by polling menu cell 0021, where
the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8 output
relays. This cell is read only.
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time at which the message was sent and this value can then be used in the
conversion of the time tags. With this method of time tagging, the time tags for all
relays on K-Bus will be accurate, relative to each other, regardless of the accuracy
of the relay time clock.
See also Chapter 5, Section 6.6 for additional information on time tagging
accuracy.
4.12 Protection flags
The protection flags hold the status of the various protection elements in the relay
and it is from these that the fault flags are generated. They are transmitted in the
event records as part of a fault record and this is the only way they can be
accessed.
The following table lists the protection flags:
Bit position Hexadecimal mask Protection function
0 0x00000001L PhA lowset trip
1 0x00000002L PhB lowset trip
2 0x00000004L PhC lowset trip
3 0x00000008L E/F lowset trip
4 0x00000010L PhA 1st highset trip
5 0x00000020L PhB 1st highset trip
6 0x00000040L PhC 1st highset trip
7 0x00000080L E/F 1st highset trip
8 0x00000100L PhA 2nd highset trip
9 0x00000200L PhB 2nd highset trip
10 0x00000400L PhC 2nd highset trip
11 0x00000800L E/F 2nd highset trip
12 0x00001000L PhA lowset forward/normal start
13 0x00002000L PhB lowset forward/normal start
14 0x00004000L PhC lowset forward/normal start
15 0x00008000L E/F lowset forward/normal start
16 0x00010000L PhA lowset reverse start
17 0x00020000L PhB lowset reverse start
18 0x00040000L PhC lowset reverse start
19 0x00080000L E/F lowset reverse start
20 0x00100000L Thermal overload
21 0x00200000L Phase undercurrent trip
22 0x00400000L Undervoltage trip
23 0x00800000L Manual remote CB trip
24 0x01000000L AUX1 trip
25 0x02000000L AUX2 trip
26 0x04000000L AUX3 trip
27 0x08000000L Manual remote CB close
28 0x10000000L Breaker fail trip
29 0x20000000L Trip occurred in GROUP 2 settings
30 0x40000000L E/F Undercurrent trip
31 0x80000000L Thermal overload alarm
This 32 bit word can be found in packet #4 of the event record as the menu cell
value. A decoded text form can be found in packet #3 as the ASCIIText Description
of the event (refer to Courier User Manual). The value can be decoded to establish
which elements were operated at the time of the event. The bit position is identical
for K Range series 1 and series 2 relays with the exception of following bits:
- Bit 20 for series 1 relays indicated cold load start; for series 2 relays this
function is transferred to AUX3 and bit 20 now indicates operation of the
thermal overload element.
- Bit 31 for series 1 relays was not used. For series 2 relays bit 31 indicates
the operation of the thermal overload alarm element.
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Control functions via a K Range relay can be performed over the serial
communication link. They include change of individual relay settings, change of
setting groups, remote control of the circuit breaker, and operation and latching
selected output relays.
Remote control is restricted to those functions that have been selected in the relays
menu table and the selection cannot be changed without entering the password.
CRC and message length checks are used on each message received. No
response is given for received messages with a detected error. The master station
can be set to resend a command a set number of times if it does not receive a
reply or receives a reply with a detected error.
Note: Control commands are generally performed by changing the value
of a cell and are actioned by the setting change procedure, as
described in Chapter 6, 3.1, and have the same inherent security.
No replies are permitted for global commands as these would cause
contention on the bus; instead a double send is used for verification
of the message by the relay for this type of command. Confirmation
that a control command, or setting change, has been accepted is
issued by the relay and an error message is returned when it is
rejected.
The command to change setting group does not give an error
message when the group 2 settings are disabled unless link SD3=0
to inhibit response to a remote setting group change commands.
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K Range series 2 relays respond to the load shed by level Courier commands.
These were intended to be used to control the load shedding control of
conventional voltage regulating relays and can of course still be used for that
purpose. However, it also provides a way of remotely operating and latching
selected output relays. In the following example it is assumed that relays are
allocated in the load shedding output masks as follows:
RLY0 assigned in [0B14 LEVEL 1]
RLY1 assigned in [0B15 LEVEL 2]
RLY2 assigned in [0B16 LEVEL 3]
The following truth table then applies:
Command RLY 0 RLY 1 RLY 3
Load shed to level 0 0 0 0
Load shed to level 1 1 0 0
Load shed to level 2 0 1 0
Load shed to level 3 0 0 1
If the relays are assigned as follows :
RLY0 assigned in [0B14 LEVEL 1]
RLY1 assigned in [0B15 LEVEL 2]
RLY0, RLY1 & RLY2 assigned in [0B16 LEVEL 3]
The truth table would read:
Command RLY 0 RLY 1 RLY 3
Load shed to level 0 0 0 0
Load shed to level 1 1 0 0
Load shed to level 2 0 1 0
Load shed to level 3 1 1 1
The relays will retain their selected state until a new command is received. The
settings will be stored when the relay is powered-down and restored again on
power-up. This allows these particular outputs to be used to select other functions
such as block sensitive earth fault, or inhibit instantaneous low set overcurrent
elements.
To set-up the relay for circuit breaker control, relay RLY7 must be assigned in output
mask [0B0D CB TRIP] and RLY6 in output mask [0B0E CB CLOSE]. Some circuit
breakers require the closing pulse to be interrupted when a trip command is issued
during the closing sequence, such as when closing onto a fault. This is to prevent
pumping of the circuit breaker, ie. reclosing again when the trip signal is
terminated, and it can be arranged by setting link LOG9 = 1. Some other types of
circuit breaker require the close pulse to be maintained and to achieve this, set link
LOG9 = 0.
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 6
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 13 of 16
Block start
0A0 L TRIP
0B0 CB TRIP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ≥1
SD tTRIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 Trip circuit breaker
1
0B0 CB
0A0 L CLOSE Close circuit breaker ≥1 tCLOSE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset
LOG9
0
≥1 1
LOG2
0A0 EXT. TRIP 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
≥1 I< ≥1 0B0 CB FAIL
tBF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RLY3 Io<
The information gathered by the relay can be of assistance in determining the need
for circuit breaker maintenance. The circuit breaker opening time is recorded
under FAULT RECORDS. If this value is monitored, any significant increase may be
used as an indication that circuit breaker maintenance is required.
Additionally the number of circuit breaker operations is recorded under
MEASUREMENTS (2). An indication of the summated contact breaking duty which
is recorded separately for each phase will also be found under this heading.
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 6
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 16 of 16
Chapter 7
Technical Data
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 7
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
1. RATINGS 1
1.1 Inputs 1
1.2 Outputs 1
2. BURDENS 2
2.1 Current circuits 2
2.2 Reference voltage 2
2.3 Auxiliary voltage 3
2.4 Opto-isolated inputs 3
3. OVERCURRENT SETTING RANGES 3
3.1 Auxiliary powered relays 3
3.2 Dual powered relays 3
4. TIME SETTING RANGES 4
4.1 Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) 4
4.2 Definite independent time 5
4.3 Auxiliary time delays 5
5. OTHER PROTECTION SETTINGS 5
5.1 Directional 5
5.2 Thermal 5
5.3 Undervoltage 5
5.4 Underfrequency 6
5.5 Ratios 6
6. MEASUREMENT (DISPLAYED) 6
7. ACCURACY 6
7.1 Reference conditions 6
7.2 Current 6
7.3 Time delays 7
7.4 Directional 7
7.5 Thermal 7
7.6 Undervoltage 7
7.7 Under frequency 7
7.8 Auxiliary timers 8
7.9 Measurements 8
8. INFLUENCING QUANTITIES 8
8.1 Ambient temperature 8
8.2 Frequency 8
8.2.1 With frequency tracking 8
8.2.2 Without frequency tracking (KCGG 122, KCEG 112) 8
8.3 Auxiliary supply 9
8.4 System X/R 9
9. OPTO-ISOLATED INPUTS 9
10. Output relays 10
10.1 Output relays 0 to 7 10
10.2 Watchdog 10
11. OPERATION INDICATOR 10
12. COMMUNICATION PORT 10
13. CURRENT TRANSFORMER REQUIREMENTS 11
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 7
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
SECTION 1. RATINGS
1.1 Inputs
Current input Rated (In) Continuous 3s 1s
(In) (A) (xIn) (xIn) (A)
Auxiliary powered 1 3.2 30 100
5 3.2 30 400
Dual powered 1 2.4 30 100
5 2.4 30 400
Operative range
Auxiliary voltage Rated voltage DC supply AC supply Crest
(Vx) (V) (V) (V) (V)
Auxiliary powered 24-125 19-150 50-133 190
48-250 33-300 87-265 380
Dual powered 100-250 60-300 60-265 380
1.2 Outputs
Field Voltage 48V dc (Current limited to 60mA)
Capacitor Trip 50V dc (680µF capacitor - Energy = 0.85J)
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
K-SERIES 2 Chapter 7
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 2 of 20
SECTION 2. BURDENS
k
t = TMS I a -1 + c seconds
Is
Although the curves tend to infinity at the setting current value (Is), the guaranteed
minimum operation current is 1.05Is ±0.05Is for all inverse characteristic curves,
except curve 10 for which the minimum operating current is 1.6Is ±0.05Is (see
section on rectifier protection).
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K-SERIES 2 Chapter 7
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 5 of 20
5.1 Directional
5.4 Underfrequency
SECTION 7. ACCURACY
Reference
range
Operating time IDMT except (EI) ±5% + (20 to 40)ms 2Is to 30Is
and (Rectifier)
(t>/to>) Extremely inv (EI) ±7.5% + (20 to 40)ms 2Is to 10Is
Rectifier ±7.5% + (20 to 40)ms 2Is to 5Is
Definite time ±0.5% + (20 to 40)ms 3Is to 30Is
Repeatability Inverse time ±2% ±40ms
Definite time ±0.5% or10ms
Overshoot time Less than 50ms when current reduced to zero.
Reset time Definite time ±1% ±50ms
t>/to>
Disengagement I< typically 35ms
I>/Io> typically 30ms
t>/to> typically 30ms*
t>>/to>> typically 50ms*
t>>>/to>>> typically 50ms*
*Minimum dwell disengagement time is affected if measuring circuit resets
within 100ms of pick-up. For further information see
Chapter 3, Section 5.6.
7.4 Directional
Language Courier
Transmission Synchronous – RS485 voltage levels
Format HDLC
Baud Rate 64kbit/s
K-Bus Cable Screened twisted pair
Length 1000m
Bus Loading 32 units (mulitdrop system)
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
K-SERIES 2 Chapter 7
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 11 of 20
Where the K Range relays are being used for restricted earth fault protection the
CTs must be sized to assure stability as described in Chapter 4, Section 5.10.
The accuracy class of the CTs should be chosen to suit the required accuracy of
measurement values.
Limits of error for accuracy classes 5P and 10P
Accuracy class Current error (%) Composite error (%)
5P ±1 ±5
10P ±3 ±10
The accuracy limit factors detailed above should be used to ensure full range fault
recording.
Configuration:
Standard 0 1
Case size:
Size 4 Midos flush mounting D
Auxiliary voltage:
24/125V 2
48/250V 5
Not used
CT rating:
1A CT standard (0.005In to 0.8In for earth faults) C
1A CT special (0.02In to 3.2In for earth faults) D
5A CT standard (0.005In to 0.8In for earth faults) E
5A CT special (0.02In to 3.2In for earth faults) F
Language:
English E
French F
German G
Spanish S
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K-SERIES 2 Chapter 7
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 14 of 20
Configuration:
Standard 0 1
Case size:
Size 4 Midos flush mounting (KCEG112 only) D
Size 6 Midos flush mounting (KCEG142/152 only) F
Size 8 Midos flush mounting (KCEG242 only) H
Auxiliary voltage:
24/125V (except KCEG242) 2
48/250V (except KCEG242) 5
110/250V (KCEG242 only) 9
Operating voltage:
110V ac; 50-60Hz 1
440V ac; 50-60Hz 4
CT rating:
1A CT standard (0.005In to 0.8In for earth faults) (0.005In to 0.6In for earth faults) C
1A CT special (0.02In to 3.2In for earth faults) (0.002In to 2.4In for earth faults) D
5A CT standard (0.005In to 0.8In for earth faults) (0.005In to 0.6In for earth faults) E
5A CT special (0.02In to 3.2In for earth faults) (0.02In to 2.4In for earth faults) F
Language:
English E
French F
German G
Spanish S
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
K-SERIES 2 Chapter 7
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 15 of 20
The operating criteria for each element have been chosen to suit the applications
for which it is most likely to be used. Knowing how these elements respond under
operating conditions will help to apply them effectively.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Harmonic
frequency and also for the 3rd, etc. Hence it is for this reason the relays are
restricted to tracking the phase quantities and do not track earth fault signals.
Figure 3. Frequency response when relay responds to both peak and Fourier
values
18.3 Frequency response of directional elements
The phase directional elements are provided with synchronous polarization which
is maintained for 320ms, or 3.2s, after the voltage collapses so that decisive
operation is ensured. During the period of synchronous polarization the relay
tracks the frequency on a current signal so that the phase correction is maintained,
even with some deviation in frequency.
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K-SERIES 2 Chapter 7
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 18 of 20
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
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Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 19 of 20
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
K-SERIES 2 Chapter 7
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 20 of 20
Chapter 8
Commissioning
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 8
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
1. COMMISSIONING PRELIMINARIES 1
1.1 Quick guide to local menu control 1
1.1.1 With the cover fitted to the case 1
1.1.2 With the cover removed from the case 2
1.2 Terminal allocation 2
1.3 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 2
1.4 Inspection 2
1.5 Earthing 3
1.6 Main current transformers 3
1.7 Test block 3
1.8 Insulation 3
2. COMMISSIONING TEST NOTES 4
2.1 Commissioning the relay with its calculated application settings 4
2.2 Commissioning the relay with the logic required for a particular
application 5
2.3 Equipment required 5
3. AUXILIARY SUPPLY TESTS 6
3.1 Auxiliary powered relays (100 series) 6
3.1.1 Auxiliary supply 6
3.1.2 Energisation from auxiliary voltage supply 6
3.1.3 Field voltage 6
3.2 Dual powered relays (200 series) 7
3.2.1 Auxiliary supply 7
3.2.2 Energisation from auxiliary voltage supply 7
3.2.3 Field voltage 7
3.2.4 Capacitor trip voltage 8
3.2.5 Energisation from line CTs 8
4. SETTINGS 8
5. MEASUREMENT CHECKS 10
6. EARTH FAULT/SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT ELEMENT 10
6.1 Test connections 10
6.2 Current sensitivity for Io> 11
6.3 Time characteristic for to> 11
6.4 Current setting for Io>> and Io>>> 12
6.5 Special note when using as sensitive earth fault relays 13
7. PHASE FAULT ELEMENTS 13
7.1 Test connections 13
7.2 Current sensitivity for I> 14
7.3 TIME CHARACTERISTIC FOR T> 14
7.4 CURRENT SETTING FOR I>> AND I>>> 15
8. DIRECTIONAL EARTH/SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT ELEMENTS 16
8.1 Test connections for directional earth fault relays 17
8.1.1 KCEG142/242 17
8.1.2 KCEG112, KCEG152 17
8.2 Polarising voltage sensitivity Vop> 17
8.3 Angular boundary of operation for Vop> 19
8.4 Current sensitivity for Io> 19
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 8
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
12.6 Communications 39
12.6.1 Measured values do not change 39
12.6.2 Relay no longer responding 39
12.6.3 No response to remote control commands 39
12.7 Output relays remain picked-up 39
12.8 Thermal state 40
12.8.1 Thermal state reset to zero 40
12.8.2 Thermal ammeter time constants 40
13. MAINTENANCE 40
13.1 Remote testing 40
13.1.1 Alarms 40
13.1.2 Measurement accuracy 40
13.1.3 Trip test 40
13.1.4 CB maintenance 41
13.2 Local testing 41
13.2.1 Alarms 41
13.2.2 Measurement accuracy 41
13.2.3 Trip test 41
13.2.4 CB maintenance 41
13.2.5 Additional tests 41
13.3 Method of repair 41
13.3.1 Replacing a pcb 41
13.3.2 Replacing output relays and opto-isolators 42
13.3.3 Replacing the power supply board 42
13.3.4 Replacing the back plane (size 4 and 6 case) 43
13.4 Recalibration 43
13.5 Digital test equipment 43
the cover and on the front plate of the relay module. The serial numbers marked on
these three items should match; the only time that they may not match is when a
failed relay module has been replaced for continuity of protection.
With the relay removed from its case, ensure that the shorting switches between
terminals listed below are closed by checking with a continuity tester.
Terminals: 21 and 22; 23 and 24; 25 and 26; 27 and 28.
1.5 Earthing
Ensure that the case earthing connection, above the rear terminal block, is used to
connect the relay to a local earth bar. Where there is more than one relay, ensure
that the copper earth bar is in place connecting the earth terminals of each case in
the same tier together.
1.6 Main current transformers
DO NOT OPEN CIRCUIT THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A LIVE CT SINCE THE
HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE LETHAL TO PERSONNEL AND COULD
DAMAGE INSULATION.
1.7 Test block
If the MMLG test block is provided, the connections should be checked to the
scheme diagram, particularly that the supply connections are to the live side of the
test block (coloured orange) and with the terminals allocated odd numbers
(1, 3, 5, 7 etc.). The auxiliary supply is normally routed via terminals 13(+) and
15(–), but check against the schematic diagram for the installation.
1.8 Insulation
Insulation tests only need to be done when required.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the insulation with an electronic or
brushless insulation tester at a dc voltage not exceeding 1000V. Terminals of the
same circuits should be temporarily strapped together.
The main groups on the relays are given below but they may be modified by
external connection as can be determined from the scheme diagram.
a) Current transformer circuits.
b) Voltage transformer circuits.
c) Auxiliary voltage supply
(and capacitor discharge circuit on 200 series relays).
d) Field voltage output and opto-isolated control inputs.
e) Relay contacts.
f) Communication port.
g) Case earth.
Note: Do not apply an insulation test between the auxiliary supply and the
capacitor discharge terminals because they are part of the same
circuit and internally connected.
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 8
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 4 of 44
KCGG 142 P 1 3
Table 3
Table 3 lists the relay types and the tests that must be performed on the relay
power supply, overcurrent, earth fault and directional elements.
A “P” in a column indicates the type of power supply for each particular relay.
A number in a column indicates for each relay the number of elements of that type
available.
After the auxiliary supply tests the settings required for the particular application
should be entered as described in Section 4.
Note: The relay rated frequency must be set to the nominal system
frequency before the injection tests are performed.
After the settings have been entered the measurements checks described in
Section 5 should be carried out.
None of the current, voltage and time ranges given in these instructions make any
allowance for instrument errors.
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2.2 Commissioning the relay with the logic required for a particular
application
The relay should be commissioned with the selective logic settings required for the
particular application. Table 4 lists the selective logic schemes and the tests that
must be performed on the relay to ensure these work correctly.
Nominal dc Range
rating (V) (V)
48 45 – 60
Table 7
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 7 of 44
Nominal dc Range
rating (V) (V)
48 45 – 60
Table 10
3.2.4 Capacitor trip voltage
Measure the supply to trip coil voltage across terminals 9 and 10. Terminal 9
should be positive with respect to terminal 10 and should be within the range
specified in Table 11 when no load is connected.
SECTION 4. SETTINGS
All relays will leave the factory set for operation at a system frequency of 50Hz. If
operation at 60Hz is required then this must be set as follows:
From ‘SYSTEMS DATA’ menu, press the ‘F’ key until ‘0009 Freq 50Hz’ appears on
the lcd. Press the ‘+’ key until the display shows ‘0009 Freq 60Hz’. Then press the
‘F’ key once more followed by the ‘+’ key to confirm the change.
The commissioning engineer should be supplied with all the required settings for
the relay. The settings should be entered into the relay via the front keypad or using
a portable PC with a K-Bus connection.
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The protection settings for the relay are contained in PHASE FAULT (1), EARTH
FAULT (1), PHASE FAULT (2) and EARTH FAULT (2) menu columns. The last two
columns are only required if setting group 2 is used. Other settings are found in
the SYSTEM DATA and LOGIC columns.
The time characteristics for the first overcurrent stages are selectable and it is not
necessary to select the same curve for both phase and earth faults. The selection is
made in the menu columns for phase and earth fault settings, but the password
must first be entered before the characteristic can be changed.
The following abbreviations are used for the relay characteristic curves:
Table 13
The characteristics of the relay can be further changed by setting function links as
described in Chapter 3 Section 3 and Chapter 4. These links change the logic
within the relay so that the auxiliary functions can be used for alternative tasks.
They can also turn OFF or block some of the unwanted functions and so this is the
first place to look if the relay is not configured as required.
SYSTEM DATA 0003 SD Links
EARTH FAULT (1) 0501 EF Links
PHASE FAULT (1) 0601 PF Links
EARTH FAULT (2) 0701 EF Links
PHASE FAULT (2) 0801 PF Links
LOGIC FUNCTIONS 0901 LOG Links
INPUT MASKS An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and
control function that can be influenced by an external
input applied to one or more opto-isolated inputs.
RELAY MASK An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and
control function that can operate one or more outputs.
It is necessary to enter the password before the functions link, time curve, masks,
VT and CT ratios can be changed.
For each control function input required, at least one opto-input must be allocated
in the INPUT MASK menu.
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 10 of 44
For each protection and control function output required, at least one output relay
must be allocated in the RELAY MASK menu.
When the relay leaves the factory it is configured with a set of default relay masks,
input masks and protection settings. Any of these settings can be left at these
default values if required.
When the relay settings have been entered into the relay, they should be noted
down on the commissioning test record sheet. If the K-Bus communications are
being used then the master station can extract the settings from the relay, record
any relay settings on disc and download recorded settings to other relays.
Where the commissioning tests require a change from the in-service settings a note
should be made of these settings before any changes are made to ensure that the
settings are restored to their correct values after the tests are performed.
To test the relay measurement functions a known current should be injected into
each phase input and the neutral input. For directional relays the polarising
voltage(s) should be applied to the VT inputs as per the application diagram.
The phase to neutral voltage should be measured with a voltmeter, or for single
pole relays the open delta winding voltage from the line VTs.
With the CT and VT ratio settings of the PHASE FAULT and EARTH FAULT headings
set to the values of the line CTs and VTs the displayed, measured values and
settings will be in the equivalent primary quantities.
All measured values have a tolerance of ±5% except power which is the product
of two quantities and therefore has a tolerance of ±10%.
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
For dual powered relays it is recommended that the relay is energised from an
auxiliary voltage supply as this will reduce the burden imposed by the relay on the
current injection test set.
Ensure that the main system current transformers are short circuited before isolating
them from the relay in preparation for secondary injection tests. Also isolate the
relay trip contacts.
6.1 Test connections
Connect the auxiliary supply to the relay and record the voltage at terminals
13(+ve) and 14(–ve).
Ensure that the line CTs are short circuited and disconnected from the relay.
If relay has simple overcurrent elements then connect the current injection test set to
terminals 27 and 28 of the relay. If the earth fault elements are directionalised then
go to Section 8.
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 8
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 11 of 44
Current level
Table 14
6.3 Time characteristic for to>
The relay selected for the to> trip can be found under the RELAY MASKS heading
in [0B03 to>]. The terminals for each relay are shown in the application diagram.
Connect the relay contacts for the to> trip to both trip the test set and to stop a
timer. Inject single phase current into the earth fault current input (terminals 27 and
28) at 2 x setting current. If the test set used can inject sufficient current, repeat the
test again at 10 x setting current.
Check that the operating time for the relay is within the range shown in Table 15.
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 8
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 12 of 44
Table 15
Note: The operating times given above are for TMS = 1. Therefore to
obtain the operating time for any other TMS setting the relay’s actual
TMS setting must be multiplied by the time given in the table above.
For all curves there is an additional tolerance of between 0.02 and 0.04 seconds.
All the operating times given have no allowance for errors in the measuring
instruments.
6.4 Current setting for Io>> and Io>>>
Caution:
THE RELAY MAY BE DAMAGED BY APPLYING EXCESSIVE CURRENT FOR
LONG DURATIONS DURING TESTING, OR IN RECURRENT BURSTS
WITHOUT ALLOWING TIME FOR THE RELAY TO COOL DOWN.
This test is to check that the instantaneous current level of the Io>> and Io>>> is
correct. If the Io>> element is to be used by the customer then the EARTH FAULT
function link 1 must be set to “1”. This test can only be performed if the test set
available can inject sufficient current into the relay to cause the element to operate
at the customer’s current setting. The relay selected for the Io>> trip can be found
under the RELAY MASKS heading in [0B04 to>>].
To prevent sustained application of excessive current the trip output contacts for
to>> should be connected to trip the test set. The time delay to>> should be set to
less than 0.1 second for the test and restored to its original value when the test has
been completed.
When the setting is above the continuous current rating of the relay DO NOT
INCREASE THE CURRENT SLOWLY since this may damage the relay before it can
operate. Instead the current level should be set and then suddenly applied.
Two tests are specified in Table 16 for the particular current setting required for the
application. Initially the higher current level should be applied to check that the
instantaneous element operates and then the lower current level should be applied
to check that no trip occurs.
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Current level
Table 16
If the Io>>> threshold is to be used by the customer then the EARTH FAULT function
link 2 should be set to “1”. Test 6.4 can then be repeated for Io>>>, but only if the
test set available can inject sufficient current into the relay to cause the element to
operate at the customer’s current setting. The relay selected for the Io>>> trip can
be found under the RELAY MASKS heading in [0B05 to>>>].
The instantaneous trip output contacts must be connected to trip the test set.
To prevent sustained application of excessive current the time delay to>>> should
be set to less than 0.1 second for this test, the original setting being restored when
the test has been completed.
6.5 Special note when using as sensitive earth fault relays
The actual minimum operation current for the sensitive earth fault settings will be
affected by the magnetising current that is taken by the core balance CT. The effect
that the CT has on the relay setting can be assessed if the primary circuit is de-
energised, by reconnecting the CTs to the relay and repeating the setting test 6.2.
The effective setting may be more than doubled in some cases.
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
For dual powered relays it is recommended that the relay is energised from an
auxiliary voltage supply as this will reduce the burden imposed by the relay on the
current injection test set.
Ensure that the main system current transformers are short circuited before isolating
the relay from the current transformers in preparation for secondary injection tests.
Also isolate the relay trip contacts.
7.1 Test connections
Connect the auxiliary supply to the relay and record the voltage at terminals
13 (+ve) and 14 (–ve).
Ensure that the line CTs are short circuited and disconnected from the relay.
If any of the phase elements are directionalised refer to Section 9 for the test
instructions.
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 14 of 44
Current level
Pick-up 0.95 x Is – 1.05 x Is
Drop-off 0.9 x pick-up – 1.0 x pick-up
Table 17
The test must be repeated on all the phase elements of the relay. Table 8.18 lists
the terminals that current should be injected into for each of the phases.
Phase Terminals
A 21 – 22
B 23 – 24
C 25 – 26
Table 18
In addition, with some site wiring, it may be necessary to inject A-N, B-N, C-N.
7.3 Time characteristic for t>
The relay selected for the t> trip can be found under the RELAY MASKS heading in
[0B08 tA>], [0B09 tB>] and [0B0A tC>]. The terminals for each relay are shown
in the application diagram. Connect the relay contacts for the t> trip to both trip
the test set and to stop a timer. Inject single phase current of 2 x setting current into
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one of the phase fault current inputs listed in Table 18. If the test set used can inject
sufficient current, repeat the test at 10 x setting current. Check that the operating
time for the relay is within the range shown in the Table 19 below.
Ref. Name 2 x Is 10 x Is
Nominal Range Nominal Range
0 DT [Set time t0>] ±5% + [0.02 to 0.04 seconds]
1 SI30xDT 10.03 9.53 - 10.53 2.971 2.822 - 3.119
2 VI30xDT 13.50 12.83 - 14.18 1.500 1.425 - 1.575
3 EI10xDT 26.67 25.33 - 28.00 0.808 0.768 - 0.848
4 LTI30xDT 120.0 114.0 - 126.0 13.33 12.67 - 14.00
5 MI 7.606 7.226 - 7.987 2.414 2.293 - 2.534
6 VI 14.06 13.35 - 14.76 1.378 1.309 - 1.447
7 EI 19.04 18.09 - 20.00 0.813 0.772 - 0.853
8 STI30xDT 1.778 1.690 - 1.867 0.518 0.492 - 0.544
Table 19
Note: The operating times given above are for TMS = 1. Therefore to
obtain the operating time for any other TMS setting the relay’s actual
TMS setting must be multiplied by the time given in the table above.
For all curves there is an additional tolerance of between 0.02 and
0.04 seconds.
The operating times given make no allowance for errors in the
measuring instruments.
7.4 Current setting for I>> and I>>>
Caution
THE RELAY MAY BE DAMAGED BY APPLYING EXCESSIVE CURRENT FOR
LONG DURATIONS DURING TESTING, OR IN RECURRENT BURSTS
WITHOUT ALLOWING TIME FOR THE RELAY TO COOL DOWN.
This test is to check that the instantaneous current level of the I>> and I>>> is
correct. If the I>> element is to be used by the customer then the PHASE FAULT
function link 1 must be set to “1”. This test can only be performed if the test set
available can inject sufficient current into the relay to cause the element to operate
at the customer’s current setting. The relay selected for the I>> trip can be found
under the RELAY MASKS heading in [0B0B t>>]. Table 18 shows which terminals
are used for each relay element.
To prevent sustained application of excessive current the trip output contacts for
to>> should be connected to trip the test set. The time delay t>> should be set to
less than 0.1 second for the test and restored to its original value when the test has
been completed.
When the setting is above the continuous current rating of the relay DO NOT
INCREASE THE CURRENT SLOWLY since this may damage the relay before it can
operate. Instead the current level should be set and then suddenly applied.
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Two tests specified in Table 20 are for the particular current setting required for the
application. Initially the higher current level should be applied to check that the
instantaneous element operates and then the lower current level should be applied
to check that no trip occurs.
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
For dual powered relays it is recommended that the relay is energised from an
auxiliary voltage supply as this will reduce the burden imposed by the relay on the
current injection test set.
Ensure that the main system current transformers are short circuited before isolating
them from the relay in preparation for secondary injection tests. Also isolate the
relay trip contacts.
If it is required that the earth fault overcurrent element is directionalised, it is
necessary to set some function links. Table 21 shows which EARTH FAULT function
links must be set to “1” to enable directional control of each of the earth fault
elements.
Directional relays
V
A A 17
B
Vp 18
C 19
N N 20
440V/110V
Phase
angle
meter
A 27
Current
injection Io
test set
28
Directional relays
V
A A 19
B
Vp
C
N N 20
440V/110V
Phase
angle
meter
A 27
Current
injection Io
test set
28
Current level
Table 23
8.5 Time characteristic for to>
The relay selected for the to> trip can be found under the RELAY MASKS heading
in [0B03 to>]. The terminals for each relay are shown in the application diagram.
Connect the relay contacts for the to> trip to both trip the test set and to stop a
timer.
With the applied polarising voltage set above twice the threshold level and the
phase shifter adjusted to the characteristic angle of the relay, inject a single phase
current into the earth fault current input (terminals 27 and 28) at 2 x setting current.
If the test set used can inject sufficient current, repeat the test at 10 x setting
current. Check the operating time against Table 24.
Ref. Name 2 x Is 10 x Is
Nominal Range Nominal Range
1 SI30xDT 10.03 9.53 - 10.53 2.971 2.822 - 3.119
2 VI30xDT 13.50 12.83 - 14.18 1.500 1.425 - 1.575
3 EI10xDT 26.67 25.33 - 28.00 0.808 0.768 - 0.848
4 LTI30xDT 120.0 114.0 - 126.0 13.33 12.67 - 14.00
5 MI 7.606 7.226 - 7.987 2.414 2.293 - 2.534
6 I 21.63 20.55 - 22.72 2.401 2.281 - 2.521
Table 24
Note: The operating times given above are for TMS = 1. Therefore to
obtain the operating time for any other TMS setting the relay’s actual
TMS setting must be multiplied by the time given in the table above.
For all curves there is an additional tolerance of between 0.02 and
0.04 seconds.
The operating times given make no allowance for errors in the
measuring instruments.
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Current level
Table 25
If the Io>>> threshold is to be used by the customer then the EARTH FAULT function
link 2 should be set to “1”. Test 8.6 can then be repeated for Io>>>, but only if the
test set available can inject sufficient current into the relay to cause the element to
operate at the customer’s current setting. The relay selected for the Io>>> trip can
be found under the RELAY MASKS heading in [0B05 to>>>].
The instantaneous trip output contacts must be connected to trip the test set.
8.7 Special note when using as sensitive earth fault relays
The actual minimum operation current for the sensitive earth fault settings will be
affected by the magnetising current that is taken by the core balance CT. The effect
that the CT has on the relay setting can be assessed if the primary circuit is de-
energised, by reconnecting the CTs to the relay and repeating setting test 6.2. The
effective setting may be more than doubled in some cases.
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The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
For dual powered relays it is recommended that the relay is energised from an
auxiliary voltage supply as this will reduce the burden imposed by the relay on the
current injection test set.
Ensure that the main system current transformers are short circuited before isolating
them from the relay in preparation for secondary injection tests. Also isolate the
relay trip contacts.
To test the directional phase fault element, it is necessary to set some function links
to directionalise the phase fault overcurrent elements. Table 26 shows which phase
fault function links must be set to “1” to enable directional control of each of the
phase fault elements.
A B C
A A 18 19 17
B B
C C
N 19 17 18
N VPOL
Phase
angle
meter
R
21 23 25
22 24 26
IOP
The forward start contact selected by the [0B06 I> Fwd] relay mask under the
RELAY MASKS heading and the reverse start contact selected by the [0B07 I> Rev]
relay mask should be monitored to indicate when the relay is in the operate
region.
Taking positive angles as leading and negative angles as lagging, adjust the
phase shifting transformer so the phase angle meter reads (180°+RCA). Check that
the reverse start contacts selected by the [0B07 I> Rev] relay mask have closed
and the forward start contacts selected by the [0B06 I> Fwd] relay mask are open.
Rotate the phase shifting transformer so the phase lag is decreasing or the phase
lead is increasing on the phase angle meter and continue until the forward start
contacts close and the reverse contacts open. Note the angle on the phase angle
meter and check it is within the limits stated in Table 27. Rotate the phase shifting
transformer in the opposite direction to check the other operating boundary.
Relay in operate region :
Phase angle meter indication Tolerance
(RCA –90°) lag through to (RCA +90°) lead ±5°
Table 27
9.3 Current sensitivity for I>
This test checks the current sensitivity of the relay. The start contact selected by the
[0B06 I>] relay mask (or by [0B06 I> Fwd] for directional phase fault relays)
under the RELAY MASKS heading should be monitored to indicate when the input
current exceeds the setting current Is. This can be by either monitoring the relay
contacts or viewing the [0021 Rly Status] display in the SYSTEM DATA heading.
Where there is a star point on the relay, it is advantageous to inhibit the operation
of the earth fault elements (inhibit to>, to>>, to>>>) in order to avoid confusion
with trip signals and indications.
Inject single phase current into a convenient phase current input on the relay and
slowly increase the current, noting the pick-up value at which the START relay
operates. Reduce the current slowly and note the drop-off value at which the START
relay resets. Check the pick-up and drop-off current is within the range shown in
the Table 28.
Current level
Pick-up 0.95 x Is – 1.05 x Is
Drop-off 0.9 x pick-up – 1.0 x pick-up
Table 28
The test must be repeated on all the phase elements of the relay.
Table 29 lists the terminals into which current should be injected for each of the
phases.
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Phase Terminals
A 21 – 22
B 23 – 24
C 25 – 26
Table 29
In addition, with some site wiring, it may be necessary to inject A-N, B-N, C-N.
9.4 Time characteristic for t>
The relay selected for the t> trip can be found under the RELAY MASKS heading in
[0B08 tA>], [0B09 tB>] and [0B0A tC>]. The terminals for each relay are shown
in the application diagram. Connect the relay contacts for the t> trip to both trip
the test set and to stop a timer.
With the rated three phase polarising voltage applied to the relay, set to twice the
threshold level and the phase shifter adjusted to the characteristic angle of the
relay, inject a 2 x rated current into one phase of the relay (terminals numbers are
given in Table 29 for each phase) and measure the operation time. If the test set
used can inject sufficient current, repeat the test at 10 x setting current. Check the
operating time against Table 30.
Note: The operating times given above are for TMS = 1. Therefore to
obtain the operating time for any other TMS setting the relay’s actual
TMS setting must be multiplied by the time given in the table above.
For all curves there is an additional tolerance of between 0.02 and
0.04 seconds.
The operating times given make no allowance for errors in the
measuring instruments.
Ref. Name 2 x Is 10 x Is
Nominal Range Nominal Range
0 DT [Set time t0>] ±5% + [0.02 to 0.04 seconds]
1 SI30xDT 10.03 9.53 - 10.53 2.971 2.822 - 3.119
2 VI30xDT 13.50 12.83 - 14.18 1.500 1.425 - 1.575
3 EI10xDT 26.67 25.33 - 28.00 0.808 0.768 - 0.848
4 LTI30xDT 120.0 114.0 - 126.0 13.33 12.67 - 14.00
5 MI 7.606 7.226 - 7.987 2.414 2.293 - 2.534
6 VI 14.06 13.35 - 14.76 1.378 1.309 - 1.447
7 EI 19.04 18.09 - 20.00 0.813 0.772 - 0.853
8 STI30xDT 1.778 1.690 - 1.867 0.518 0.492 - 0.544
Table 30
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For the selective logic checks only the features that are to be used in the
application should be tested. Relay settings must not be changed to enable
other logic functions that are not being used to be tested. For detailed descriptions
of the selective logic please refer to Chapter 3, Section 4 of this manual.
10.1 Opto-input checks
This test is to check that all the opto-inputs are functioning correctly. The state of the
opto-isolated input can be viewed from the [0020 Log Status] display under the
SYSTEM DATA heading. Relays of the type 110, 120 and 210 only have 3 opto-
inputs (L0, L1 and L2). All other relay types have the full 8 opto-inputs (L0, L1, L2,
L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7).
To enable energisation of the opto-inputs, terminal 8 should be linked to terminals
52 and 55. The opto-inputs can then be individually energised by connecting
terminal 7 to the appropriate opto-input listed in Table 32.
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The measured time delay should be within the set time tAUX1 ±0.5% + (0.02 to
0.05) seconds.
If the LOGIC function link [0901 Log Links] link B is set to “1” then tAUX1 can be
started by the under-frequency element. This function can be tested either using a
variable frequency supply or by selecting an under-frequency setting greater than
the system frequency.
10.4.2 Timer AUX2
To test the tAUX2 time delay an external switch must be connected to start an
external timer interval meter and energise the opto input that activates tAUX2. The
time interval meter must be stopped by the contacts of the relay allocated in relay
mask [0B11 Aux2] when it operates.
The measured time delay should be within the set time tAUX1 ±0.5% + (0.02 to
0.05) seconds.
For other uses of tAUX2 see Chapter 4, Section 10. To summarise, tAUX2 can be
selected as part of the loss of load scheme, to provide a time delay on the stage 4
earth fault element, as part of the disturbance recorder reset facility or as part of
the cold load pick-up scheme (Chapter 4, Section 5.12 and Chapter 8,
Section10.7).
10.4.3 Timer AUX3
To test the tAUX3 time delay an external switch must be connected to start an
external timer interval meter and energise the opto input that activates tAUX3. The
time interval meter must be stopped by the contacts of the relay allocated in relay
mask [0B12 Aux3] when it operates.
The measured time delay should be within the set time tAUX1 ±0.5% + (0.02 to
0.05) seconds.
Timer tAUX3 can be selected as part of the cold load pick-up scheme (Chapter 4,
Section 5.12 and Chapter 8, Section10.7).
10.5 Breaker fail
Operation of relay 3, initiated via any relay mask, will start the breaker fail timer
tBF. The breaker fail timer can also be initiated in response to a logic input being
energised if that logic input is allocated in the mask [0A09 Ext Trip].
The relay should be connected to an overcurrent test set as described in
Section 7.1 for overcurrent relays, or Section 8.1 for directional overcurrent relays.
A time interval meter should be connected so that it starts when current is injected
into the relay and arranged to stop by one of two functions:
- If the function link [0901 LOG Links] link 2 is set to “0” the time interval
meter should be arranged to stop when a relay allocated by the mask [0B0F
CB Fail] is operated by the breaker fail timer.
- If function link [0901 LOG Links] link 2 is set to “1” then the time interval
meter should be arranged to stop when a relay allocated via relay masks
[0B01 Io> Fwd], [0B02 Io> Rev], [0B02 Io> Rev] or [0B07 I> Rev] resets.
The measured time delay should be within the set value of tBF ±0.5% + (0.02 to
0.05) seconds.
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shown in the application diagram. Connect the relay contacts for the th Trip to both
trip the test set and to stop a timer. Inject single phase current of 2x setting current
into one of the phase fault current inputs listed in Table 18. If the test set used can
inject sufficient current, repeat the test at 10 x setting current. Check that the
operating time for the relay is within the range shown in the Table 35 below. The
time quoted are for zero pre-fault current ie. with the thermal state fully reset.
There are some tests that may be carried out with the circuit on-load provided there
are no operational restrictions in force that prohibit this.
11.1 On-load measurement checks
Measure the secondary CT currents and if applicable, the secondary VT voltages.
Compare the values of the secondary quantities with the relay’s measured values,
which can be found in MEASUREMENTS (1). If the CT and VT ratios are set to 1:1
then the values will be within ±5% of the secondary quantities, if the CT and VT
ratios are not set to 1:1, then the measurement values will be equal to the
secondary values multiplied by the set transformer ratios.
A check should be made of the signing of the direction of power flow displayed by
the relay against the actual power flow. The signing of the direction of power flow
is set in menu cell [031E Power mode] to one of the following four alternatives:
Mode 0 - Net export signing : + = net export of power and negative VARs.
Mode 1 - Import to busbar : + = net power flow to busbar in (a + jB) form.
Mode 2 - Export from busbar : + = net power flow to feeder in (a + jB) form.
Mode 3 - Net import signing : + = net import of power and negative VARs.
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21
22
Temporary 23
a b c open circuit 24
connections 25
26
27
28
17
18
19
20
dn
Temporary
da open circuit
connections
27
Io
28
19
Vo
20
There is no shorting contact across the case terminals connected to the “break”
contact of the watchdog relay. Therefore, the indication for a failed/healthy relay
will be cancelled when the relay is removed from its case.
If the relay is still functioning, the actual problem causing the alarm can be found
from the alarm records in the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu (see Chapter 3,
Section 7.1).
12.3.2 Unconfigured or uncalibrated alarm
For a CONFIGURATION alarm the protection is stopped and no longer performing
its intended function. For an UNCALIBRATED alarm the protection will still be
operational but there will be an error in its calibration that will require attention.
It may be left running provided the error does not cause any grading problems.
To return the relay to a serviceable state the initial factory configuration will have
to be reloaded and the relay re-calibrated. It is recommended that the work be
carried out at the factory, or entrusted to a recognised service centre.
12.3.3 Setting error alarm
A SETTING alarm indicates that the area of non-volatile memory where the
selected protection settings are stored, has been corrupted. The current settings
should be checked against those applied at the commissioning stage or any later
changes that have been made.
If a personal computer (PC) is used during commissioning then it is recommended
that the final settings applied to the relay are copied to a floppy disc with the serial
number of the relay used as the file name. The setting can then be readily loaded
back into the relay if necessary, or to a replacement relay.
12.3.4 “No service” alarm
This alarm flag can only be observed when the relay is in the calibration or
configuration mode when the protection program will be stopped.
12.3.5 Fault flags will not reset
These flags can only be reset when the flags Fn are being displayed or by resetting
the fault records, see Section 3.3.10.
12.4 Records
12.4.1 Problems with event records
Fault records will only be generated if RLY3 is operated as this relay is the trigger
to store the records.
Fault records can be generated in response to another protection operating if RLY3
is operated by one of its trip contacts via an auxiliary input. This will result in the
fault values, as measured by the K-Relay, being stored at the instant RLY3 resets.
The flag display will include a flag to identify the auxiliary input that initiated the
record.
Fault currents recorded are lower than actual values, as the fault is interrupted
before measurement is completed.
Few fault records can be stored when changes in state of logic inputs and relay
outputs are stored in the event records. These inputs and outputs can generate
many events for each fault occurrence and limit the total number of faults that can
be stored. Setting System Data Link 7 to “0” will turn off this feature and allow the
maximum number of fault records to be stored.
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The event records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a period
exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply.
Events can only be read via the serial communication port and not on the lcd.
Any spare opto-inputs may be used to log changes of state of external contacts in
the event record buffer of the K-Relay. The opto-input does not have to be assigned
to a particular function in order to achieve this.
The oldest event is overwritten by the next event to be stored when the buffer
becomes full.
When a master station has successfully read a record it usually clears it
automatically and when all records have been read the event bit in the status byte
is set to “0” to indicate that there are no longer any records to be retrieved.
12.4.2 Problems with disturbance records
Only one record can be held in the buffer and the recorder must be reset before
another record can be stored. Automatic reset can be achieved by setting function
link [0003 SD Links] link 6 to “1”. It will then reset the recorder 3 seconds after a
current, greater than the undercurrent setting, has been restored to the protected
circuit.
The disturbance records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a
period exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply.
Disturbance records can only be read via the serial communication port. It is not
possible to display them on the lcd.
No trigger selected to initiate the storing of a disturbance record.
The disturbance recorder is automatically reset on restoration of current above the
undercurrent setting for greater than 3 seconds. Change function link [0003 SD
Links] link 6 to “0” to select manual reset.
Post trigger set to maximum value and so missing the fault.
When a master station has successfully read a record it will clear it automatically
and the disturbance record bit in the status byte will then be set to “0” to indicate
that there is no longer a record to be retrieved.
12.5 Circuit breaker maintenance records
When a replacement relay is fitted it may be desirable to increment the CB
maintenance counters to the values of that on the old relay. The current squared
counters can be incremented by applying a number of secondary injection current
pulses to the current inputs of the relay, but note that the counter will increment
rapidly for large current values. The counter for the number of circuit breaker
operations can be incremented manually by operating the relay the required
number of times.
The circuit breaker trip time for the last fault cannot be cleared to zero. This is to
enable the master station to interrogate the relay for this value as a supervisory
function.
The circuit breaker maintenance counters are not incremented when another
protection trips the circuit breaker. Add a trip input from the protection to an
auxiliary input of the relay and arrange for relay RLY3 or RLY7 to operate
instantaneously in response to the input.
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12.6 Communications
Address cannot be automatically allocated if the remote change of setting has
been inhibited by function link [0003 SD Links] link 0. This must be first set to “1”,
alternatively the address must be entered manually via the user interface on the
relay.
Address cannot be allocated automatically unless the address is first manually set
to 0. This can also be achieved by a global command including the serial number
of the relay.
Relay address set to 255, the global address for which no replies are permitted.
12.6.1 Measured values do not change
Values in the MEASUREMENTS (1) and MEASUREMENTS (2) columns are snap-
shots of the values at the time they were requested. To obtain a value that varies
with the measured quantity it should be added to the poll list as described in
R8514, the User Manual for the Protection Access Software & Tool kit.
12.6.2 Relay no longer responding
Check if other relays that are further along the bus are responding and if so,
power down the relay for 10 seconds and then re-energise to reset the
communication processor. This should not be necessary as the reset operation
occurs automatically when the relay detects a loss of communication.
If relays further along the bus are not communicating, check to find out which are
responding towards the master station. If some are responding then the position of
the break in the bus can be determined by deduction. If none is responding then
check for data on the bus or reset the communication port driving the bus with
requests.
Check there are not two relays with the same address on the bus.
12.6.3 No response to remote control commands
Check that the relay is not inhibited from responding to remote commands by
observing the system data function link settings. If so reset as necessary; a
password will be required.
System data function links cannot be set over the communication link if the remote
change of settings has been inhibited by setting system data function link [0003
SD Links] 0 to “0”. Reset [0003 SD Links] link 0 to “1” manually via the user
interface on the relay first.
Relay is not identified in the Circuit Breaker Control Menu of the Courier Access
Software if two auxiliary circuit breaker contacts have not been connected to opto-
inputs of the relay, to indicate its position via the Plant Status Word. Check input
mask settings and the connections to the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker.
12.7 Output relays remain picked-up
Relays remain picked-up when de-selected by link or mask
If an output relay is operated at the time it is de-selected, either by a software link
change or by de-selecting it in an output mask, it may remain operated until the
relay is powered down and up again. It is therefore advisable to momentarily
remove the energising supply after such changes.
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be needed to effect a wiring change. See Chapter 3, Section 3.8 for how to set
relay masks.
13.1.4 CB maintenance
Maintenance records for the circuit breaker can be obtained at this time by
reading the appropriate data in the MEASUREMENT(2) and the FAULT RECORDS
columns.
13.2 Local testing
When testing locally, similar tests may be carried out to check for correct
functioning of the relay.
13.2.1 Alarms
The alarm status led should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions
exist. The alarm records can then be read to identify the nature of any alarm that
may exist.
13.2.2 Measurement accuracy
The values measured by the relay can be checked against own values injected into
the relay via the test block, if fitted, or injected directly into the relay terminals.
Suitable test methods will be found in Section 1 of this chapterwhich deals with
commissioning. These tests will prove the calibration accuracy is being maintained.
13.2.3 Trip test
If the relay is configured to provide a “trip test” via its user interface then this
should be performed to test the output trip relays. If the relay is configured for
remote control of the circuit breaker the “trip test” will initiate the remote CB trip
relay and not the main trip relay used by the protections. In which case the main
trip relay should be tested by injecting a current above the protection setting so
that operation occurs.
If an output relay is found to have failed, an alternative relay can be reallocated
until such time as a replacement can be fitted. See Chapter 3, Section 3.8 for how
to set relay masks.
13.2.4 CB maintenance
Maintenance records for the circuit breaker can be obtained at this time by
reading the appropriate data in the MEASUREMENT(2) and the FAULT RECORDS
columns.
13.2.5 Additional tests
Additional tests can be selected from the Commissioning Instructions as required.
13.3 Method of repair
Please read the Safety Section and the handling instructions in Section 1 before
proceeding with this work. This will ensure that no further damage is caused by
incorrect handling of the electronic components.
13.3.1 Replacing a pcb
a) Replacement of user interface
Withdraw the module from its case.
Remove the four screws that are placed one at each corner of the front plate.
Remove the front plate.
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Lever the top edge of the user interface board forwards to unclip it from its
mounting.
Then pull the pcb upwards to unplug it from the connector at its lower edge.
Replace with a new interface board and assemble in the reverse order.
b) Replacement of main processor board
This is the pcb at the extreme left of the module, when viewed from the front.
To replace this board:
First remove the screws holding the side screen in place. There are two
screws through the top plate of the module and two more through the base
plate.
Remove screen to expose the pcb.
Remove the two retaining screws, one at the top edge and the other directly
below it on the lower edge of the pcb.
Separate the pcb from the sockets at the front edge of the board. Note that
they are a tight fit and will require levering apart, taking care to ease the
connectors apart gradually so as not to crack the front pcb card. The
connectors are designed for ease of assembly in manufacture and not for
continual disassembly of the unit.
Reassemble in the reverse of this sequence, making sure that the screen plate
is replaced with all four screws securing it.
c) Replacement of auxiliary expansion board
This is the second board in from the left hand side of the module.
Remove the processor board as described above in b).
Remove the two securing screws that hold the auxiliary expansion board in
place.
Unplug the pcb from the front bus as described for the processor board and
withdraw.
Replace in the reverse of this sequence, making sure that the screen plate is
replaced with all four screws securing it.
13.3.2 Replacing output relays and opto-isolators
PCBs are removed as described in Section 13.3.1 b and c. They are replaced in
the reverse order. Calibration is not usually required when a pcb is replaced unless
either of the two boards that plug directly on to the left hand terminal block are
replaced, as these directly affect the calibration.
Note that this pcb is a through hole plated board and care must be taken not to
damage it when removing a relay for replacement, otherwise solder may not flow
through the hole and make a good connection to the tracks on the component side
of the pcb.
13.3.3 Replacing the power supply board
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of
the module.
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate
of the module.
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1. TIME/CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 1
Figure 1. Operating times KCGG I>>, I>>>, Io>> and Io>>> 1
Figure 2. Operating times KCEG I>>, I>>>, Io>> and Io>>> 1
2. RELAY CHARACTERISTIC CURVES 2
Figure 3. Standard inverse SI 30xDT 2
Figure 4. Very inverse VI 30xDT 3
Figure 5. Extremely inverse EI 10xDT 4
Figure 6. Long time inverse LTI 30xDT 5
Figure 7. Short time inverse STI 30xDT 6
Figure 8. Moderately inverse MI 7
Figure 9. Inverse I 8
Figure 10. Very inverse VI 9
Figure 11. Extremely inverse EI 10
Figure 12. Rectifier protection RECT 11
3. THERMAL TIME/CURRENT CHARACTERISTIC WITH PREFAULT LOAD12
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 1
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
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KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 1
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
K-SERIES 2 Appendix 1
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 1 of 12
150
135
120 Maximum
Minimum
105
Operating time (ms)
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
1 10 100
Multiple of setting (xIs)
150
135
120 Maximum
Minimum
105
Operating time (ms)
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
1 10 100
Multiple of setting (xIs)
1000
100
10
Operating time (seconds)
TMS
1.5
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.01
1 10 100
Multiples of setting
1000
100
10
Operating time (seconds)
1 TMS
1.5
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.01
1 10 100
Multiples of setting
1000
100
10
Operating time (seconds)
TMS
1.5
1
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.01
1 10 100
Multiples of setting
1000
100
Operating time (seconds)
10
TMS
1.5
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiples of setting
1000
100
10
Operating time (seconds)
TMS
1.5
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.01
1 10 100
Multiples of setting
1000
100
10
TMS
1.5
Operating time (seconds)
1.0
1 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.01
1 10 100
Multiples of setting
1000
100
10
Operating time (seconds)
TMS
1.5
1.0
0.8
1 0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.01
1 10 100
Multiples of setting
Figure 9. Inverse - I
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
K-SERIES 2 Appendix 1
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 9 of 12
1000
100
10
TMS
Operating time (seconds)
1.5
1 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1 0.1
0.05
0.01
1 10 100
Multiples of setting
1000
100
10
Operating time (seconds)
TMS
1.5
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.1 0.4
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.01
1 10 100
Multiples of setting
10000
Protection curve
Time (seconds)
100 Instantaneous
overcurrent
10
Typical
1 load area
0.1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Multiple of rated current
10.000
1.000
Time (x t)
0.100
No pre-fault load
Pre-fault load at
50% thermal state
Pre-fault load at
0.010 70% thermal state
Pre-fault load at
90% thermal state
0.001
1 2 3 4 5 6
Current (xlth>)
Logic Diagrams
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 1
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
PF0
0 0B17 th Alarm
1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Alarm Thermal
0B18 th Trip phase element
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0A11 Reset Ith Trip
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Thermal
reset
LOG0 CB (ops) >
0 0B19 CB Alarm Circuit
CB duty > ≥1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 breaker
1 alarms
Figure 1.
SD EF1 PF1
LOG EF2 PF2
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
K-SERIES 2 Appendix 2
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 2 of 12
0A07 L TRIP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B0D CB TRIP
>=1 tTRIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SD2 TRIP CIRCUIT BREAKER Circuit
1 breaker
0 0A08 L CLOSE TRIP CIRCUIT BREAKER 0B0E CB CLOSE control
>=1 tCLOSE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset
LOG9
>=1 1
0
LOG2
0A09 EXT. TRIP Io< 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 >=1 tBF
>=1
0 0B0E CB FAIL Breaker fail
RLY3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 protection
SD EF1 PF1
LOG EF2 PF2
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
K-SERIES 2 Appendix 2
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 4 of 12
FWD START
EARTH FAULT
0B02 Io> REV START
REV
0A02 BLK to>> & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B04 to>>
EF1 STAGE 2
0 EF4 & to> > 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EARTH FAULT
1 0
Io>>
1
FWD
0A03 BLK to>>>
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B05 to>>>
EF2 STAGE 3
0 EF5 & to> >> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EARTH FAULT
1 0
Io>>>
1
FWD 0B08 tA>
0A04 BLK t> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B09 tB>
STAGE 1
& t> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0B0A tC>
OVERCURRENT
I>
PF3 PF4 PF5 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0
0B06 I> FWD START
1 1 1 & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
P1
FWD START
OVERCURRENT
P1 0B07 I> REV START
0A05 BLK t>> REV & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B0B t>>
PF1 STAGE 2
0
1
PF4
& t>> P1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OVERCURRENT
I>> 0
FWD 1
PFC
0
1 &
I<
P1
0A06 BLK t>>>
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PF7 0B0C t>>> BROKEN CONDUCTOR
PF2
0
1
PF5
& t>>> 0
P1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STAGE 3
OVERCURRENT
I>>> 0 2/3
1
FWD 1
0A07 L TRIP
0B0D CB TRIP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SD2 P1 tTRIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 TRIP CIRCUIT BREAKER CIRCUIT
1 BREAKER
0B0E CB CLOSE
0A08 L CLOSE CLOSE CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL
P1 tCLOSE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset
LOG9
0
P1 1
SD5
I< 0
LOG8 LOG5
0 0
1 1
SD4
0A0D STG GRP 2 0 SETTING
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 P1 1 CHANGE TO GROUP
SD3 SETTING GROUP 2 CONTROL
0 Remote set Grp2
SET 1
1
RESET 0
Remote reset Grp1
0 0B17 th ALARM
Figure 4.
1 P1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PF0 ALARM THERMAL
0B18 th TRIP
PHASE ELEMENT
P1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TRIP
0A11 RESET Ith
THERMAL
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESET
LOG0 CIRCUIT
CB(ops) >
0 0B19 CB ALARM BREAKER
1 P1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ALARMS
CBduty>
SD EF1 PF1
A.H.
LOG EF2 PF2
FEDCBA9876543210 FEDCBA9876543210 FEDCBA9876543210
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
K-SERIES 2 Appendix 2
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays Page 5 of 12
PF0
0 0B17 th Alarm
1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Alarm 0B18 th Trip Thermal
phase element
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0A11 Reset Ith Trip
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Thermal
reset
LOG0 CB (ops) >
0 0B19 CB Alarm Circuit
CB duty > ≥1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 breaker
1
alarms
SD EF1 PF1
Figure 5.
Connection Diagrams
SERVICE MANUAL R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 3
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
6
supply
C 1 3
Vx
A WD 5 Relay failed
2
SERVICE MANUAL
3
C B 2 RL0 3
Phase rotation 2
3
2 RL1 3
2
3
RL2 4
2
2 4
RL3 4
2
KCGG 122 1
Case earth
4 connection
Case L0
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
30
5
1 29 4
3 4 31 32 L1
K–bus communications port
5 6 33 34 5 5
7 8 35 36 L2
9 10 37 38
5
39 40 Logic input common (1) 7
13 14 41 42
+48V field voltage
43 44 8
17 18 45 46
19 20 48
47
21 22 49 Notes
50
23 24 51 52 (1) (a) CT shorting links make
before (b) and (c) disconnect.
SECTION 1. CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR CUSTOMISING
25 26 53 54
55 56 (b) Short terminals break before (c).
27 28 (c) Long terminal
SCN
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type).
Module terminal blocks (2) CT connections are typical only.
viewed from rear
(with integral case earth link) (3) Earth connections are typical only.
Appendix 3
R8551A
Page 1 of 12
A
supply
C 14 3
Vx
21 WD 5 Relay failed
C B
Phase rotation 3
SERVICE MANUAL
22 3 RL0
23
34
Case earth 24 36 RL1
25 38
1 29 30
3 4 31 32 40 RL2
26
5 6 33 34 42
27
7 8 35 36
44 RL3
9 10 37 38
39 40
28 29
13 14 41 42 KCGG 142 31 RL4
43 44
17 18 46 33
45 46 L0
19 20 RL5
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
47 48 35
21 22 48
49 50 L1 37
23 24 51 52
50 39 RL6
25 26 53 54 L2
55 56 41
27 28 52
Logic input common (1) RL7
SCN 43
Page 2 of 12
Figure 2. Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay KCGG 142
DIRECTION OF FORWARD CURRENT FLOW
A
P2 P1
A
4
S2 S1 13
C B
K-SERIES 2
N 30
22 RL0 32
dn 23
34
24 RL1 36
da
25
38
RL2 40
26
27 42
RL3 44
28
1
28
KCEG 112
Case earth
connection
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
54
Case earth 46
L0
1 29 30
K–bus communications port
56
3 4 31 32 48
L1
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 50 7
9 10 37 38 L2
25 26 53 54 Notes:
55 56 (1) (a) CT shorting links make
27 28
before (b) and (c) disconnect.
SCN
(b) Short terminals break before (c).
Module terminal blocks (c) Long terminal
viewed from rear
(with integral case earth link) (d) Pin terminal (pcb type).
Page 3 of 12
Figure 3. Typical application diagram: directional earth fault relay KCEG 112
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1
A 13
S2 S1 AC/DC
B supply 4
K-SERIES 2
A 14
Vx WD 6 Relay healthy
C
A B C 21 3
C B
WD 5 Relay failed
Phase rotation
SERVICE MANUAL
22
N 23 30
RL0 32
n
24 34
25
RL1 36
a b c
26 38
Case earth
27
RL2 40
1 29 30
42
3 4 31 32 28
17
KCEG 142 RL3
5 6 33 34 44
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 31
39 40
13 14 33
41 42
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
19
43 44 RL5 35
17 18 20
45 46 37
19 20 47 48 46
21 22 L0 RL6 39
49 50
23 24 51 52 48 41
L1
25 26 53 54 RL7 43
55 56 50
27 28 L2 1
SCN 52
Logic input common (1)
Module terminal blocks 45 Case earth
viewed from rear L3 connection
(with integral case earth link)
54
47
L4
Notes:
K–bus communications port
49 56
(1) (a) CT shorting links make
L5
before (b) and (c) disconnect.
51 7
(b) Short terminals break before (c). L6
(c) Long terminal
53 +48V field voltage
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 8
L7
Page 4 of 12
Figure 4. Typical application diagram: 3 phase directional earth fault relay KCEG 142
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1
A 13 4
S2 S1 AC/DC
B supply WD 6 Relay healthy
A 14
K-SERIES 2
Vx 3
C
A B C 21 WD Relay failed
5
C B
Phase rotation 30
22
SERVICE MANUAL
N 23 RL0 32
34
dn
24 RL1
25 36
Case d 38
26 RL2 40
1 29 30 27
3 4 31 32 42
5 6 33 34 RL3 44
28
7 8 35 36
29
9 10 37 38 19
39 40
RL4 31
13 14 41 42 20 33
43 44 RL5
17
35
18
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
45 46 KCEG 152
19 20 47 48 37
21 22 46
49 50 L0 RL6 39
23 24 51 52
48 41
25 26 53 54 L1
RL7 43
55 56 50
27 28
L2
SCN 1
52
Logic input common (1)
Module terminal blocks Case earth
viewed from rear 45
L3 connection
(with integral case earth link)
47 54
Notes: L4
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 49 K–bus communications port
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L5 56
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 51
L6 7
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 53 +48V field voltage
L7 8
(2) CT connections are typical only. 55
(3) Earth connections are typical only. Logic input common (2)
Appendix 3
R8551A
Page 5 of 12
Figure 5. Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and directional earth fault relay KCEG 152
Direction of forward current flow
1 Series
4
P2 P1 AC/DC supplyVx REG WD Relay failed
A A 1 6
S2 S1 3
K-SERIES 2
B
9 WD Relay healthy
Supply to trip coil 5
C B C 1
Phase rotation A B C 3
2 RL0 3
SERVICE MANUAL
N 3
2 RL1
2 3
n
3
2 RL2 4
a b c 2
4
Case
2 RL3 4
1 29 30 2
2
3 4 31 32
5 6 33 34 RL4 3
2
7 8 35 36 3
1
9 10 37 38
RL5 3
39 40 1
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
13 14 41 42 3
43 44 KCEG 242 RL6 3
1
17 18 45 46 2 4
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 RL7 4
50 L0
23 24 51 4
52
4 1
25 26 53 54 L1
55 56
27 28 5 Case earth
L2
SCN connection
5
Logic input common (1)
Module terminal blocks
viewed from rear 4
L3
(with integral case earth link)
4 5
Notes L4
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 4 K–bus communications port
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L5 5
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 5
L6
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 5 7
L7
(2) CT connections are typical only. +48V field voltage
5 8
(3) Earth connections are typical only. Logic input common (2)
Appendix 3
R8551A
Page 6 of 12
Figure 6. Typical application diagram: Dual powered directional 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay KCEG 242
P2 P1
L 4
K-SERIES 2
S2 S1 1
AC/DC WD 6 Relay healthy
supply
SECTION 2.
N 1 3
Vx
A WD 5 Relay failed
2
SERVICE MANUAL
3
C B 2 RL0 3 Start (Io>FWD)
2
Phase rotation 3
Case earth
4
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
Page 7 of 12
S2 S1
B AC/DC WD 6 Relay healthy
A
supply
C 14 3
Vx
21 WD 5 Relay failed
C B
SERVICE MANUAL
Phase rotation 3
22 3 RL0 Start Io>
23
34
Case earth 24 36 RL1 Start I>
25 38
1 29 30
3 4 31 32 40 RL2 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
26 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
5 6 33 34 42
27
7 8 35 36
44 RL3 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/Aux1)
9 10 37 38 (thTrip/t>/t>>/t>>>)
39 40
28 29
13 14 41 42 KCGG 142 31 RL4 thAlarm/CB alarm/CB fail
43 44
17 18 46 33
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
Page 8 of 12
Figure 8. Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay KCGG 142
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 4
A 13
AC/DC WD Relay healthy
K-SERIES 2
6
S2 S1 supply
B 14 3
A Vx
C WD 5 Relay failed
21
A B C
C B 30
SERVICE MANUAL
Case earth
54
1 29 30 46
Change setting group L0 K-bus communications port
3 4 31 32
56
5 6 33 34 48
7 8 35 36 Block to>> L1
9 10 37 38
50 7
39 40 Block to>>> L2
13 14 41 42 +48V field voltage
52 8
43 44 Logic input common (1)
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 50 Notes:
23 24 51 52 (1) (a) CT shorting links make
53 54 before (b) and (c) disconnect.
25 26
55 56 (b) Short terminals break before (c).
27 28
(c) Long terminal
SCN
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type).
Module terminal blocks (2) CT connections are typical only.
viewed from rear
(with integral case earth link) (3) Earth connections are typical only.
Appendix 3
R8551A
Page 9 of 12
Figure 9. Typical application diagram: directional earth fault relay KCEG 112
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1
A 13
S2 S1 AC/DC
B supply 4
K-SERIES 2
A 14
Vx WD 6 Relay healthy
C
A B C 21 3
C B
Phase rotation WD 5 Relay failed
22
SERVICE MANUAL
N 23 30
RL0 32 Start(Io>FWD/I>FWD (I0FWD
n
24 34
25
RL1 36 Start(Io>REV/I>REV)
a b c
Case earth 26 38
27 AR initiate
RL2 40 (to>/to>>/to>>>)
1 29 30 KCEG 142 42 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
3 4 31 32 28 Trip(to>/to>>/to>>>/Au
17 RL3 44 x1)
5 6 33 34
(thTRIP/t>/t>>/t>>>)
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 thALARM/CB ALARM/CB
31 FAIL
39 40
13 14 41 42
33
19 CB FAIL/Backtrip
43 44 RL5 35
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
17 18 45 46 20
37
19 20 47 48 46
21 22 Change setting group L0 RL6 39 Control CB Close
49 50
23 24 51 52 48 41
Block t>>/to>> L1
25 26 53 54 RL7 43 Control CB trip
55 56 50
27 28 Block t>>>/to>> L2 1
SCN 52
Logic input common (1)
Module terminal blocks 45 Case earth
viewed from rear EXT. trip L3 connection
(with integral case earth link) 54
47
Initiate Aux timer 2 L4
Notes: K–bus communications port
(1) (a) CT shorting links make
49 56
Initiate Aux timer 3 L5
before (b) and (c) disconnect.
(b) Short terminals break before (c).
51 7
CB closed indication L6
(c) Long terminal +48V field voltage
53 8
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). CB open indication L7
(2) CT connections are typical only. 55
Logic input common (2)
(3) Earth connections are typical only.
Appendix 3
R8551A
Page 10 of 12
Figure 10. Typical application diagram: 3 phase directional earth fault relay KCEG 142
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1
A 13 4
S2 S1 AC/DC
K-SERIES 2
Phase rotation 30
22
N 23 RL0 32 Start (Io>FWD)
34
dn
24 RL1 Start (Io>REV)
25 36
Case d 38
26 RL2 AR
40 initiate(to>/to>>/to>>>)
1 29 30 27
42 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
3 4 31 32
Trip(to>/to>>/to>>>/Au
5 6 33 34 RL3 44 x1)
28
7 8 35 36 (thTrip/t>/t>>/t>>>)
29
9 10 37 38 19
RL4 31 thAlarm/CBALARM/CB
39 40 FAIL
13 14 41 42 20 33
43 44 CB FAIL/BACKTRIP
RL5 35
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
17 18 45 46 KCEG 152
19 20 47 37
48
21 22 46
49 50 Change setting L0 RL6 39 CONTROL CB CLOSE
23 24 51 52 41
48
25 26 53 54 Block t>>/to>> L1
RL7 43 CONTROL CB TRIP
55 56 50
27 28 Block t>>>/to>> L2
SCN 1
52
Logic input common (1)
Module terminal blocks Case earth
viewed from rear 45
EXT. trip L3 connection
(with integral case earth link)
47 54
Notes
Initiate Aux timer 2 L4
Page 11 of 12
Figure 11. Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and directional earth fault relay KCEG 152
Direction of forward current flow
13 Series
4
P2 P1 AC/DC supplyVx REG WD Relay failed
A 14 6
A S2 S1 3
K-SERIES 2
B
9 WD Relay healthy
Supply to trip coil 5
C 10
C B A B C 30
21 RL0 32 Start(Io>FWD/I>FWD (I0FWD
SERVICE MANUAL
Phase rotation
N 34
22 RL1 Start(Io>REV/I>REV)
23 36
n
38
AR initiate
24 RL2 40 (to>/to>>/to>>>)
a b c 25 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
Case 42
Trip(to>/to>>/to>>>/Au
1 29 26 RL3 44 x1)
30
27 (thTRIP/t>/t>>/t>>>)
3 4 31 32 29
5 6 33 34 thALARM/CB ALARM/CB
RL4 31
7 8 35 36 28 FAIL
9 10 37 38 33
17
39 40 RL5 35 CB FAIL/Backtrip
13
18
14 41 42
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Relays
37
43 44 KCEG 242
17 18 19 RL6 39 Control CB Close
45 46
19 20 47 48 20 41
21 22 49 50 RL7 Control CB trip
Change setting group L0 43
23 24 51 52 46
25 26 53 54 48 1
Block t>>/to>> L1
55 56
27 28
50 Case earth
SCN Block t>>>/to>> L2 connection
52
Module terminal blocks Logic input common (1)
viewed from rear 45
(with integral case earth link) EXT. trip L3
47 54
Notes Initiate Aux timer 2 L4
(1) (a) CT shorting links make K–bus communications port
49
before (b) and (c) disconnect. Initiate Aux timer 3 L5 56
(b) Short terminals break before (c).
51
(c) Long terminal CB closed indication L6
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 53 7
CB open indication L7
(2) CT connections are typical only. +48V field voltage
55 8
(3) Earth connections are typical only.
Logic input common (2)
Appendix 3
R8551A
Page 12 of 12
Figure 12. Typical application diagram: Dual powered directional 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay KCEG 242
Appendix 4
Date ____________________
Phase fault 1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0601 PF Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
0602 CT Ratio
0603 VT Ratio
0604 Curve
0605 I>
0606 t/TMS
0607 t/DT
0608 tRESET
0609 I>>
060A t>>
060B I>>>
060C t>>>
060D Char. Angle
060E I<
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 page 3 of 16
060F V<
0610 tV<
0611 F<
0612 th> Alarm
0613 Ith> Trip
0614 TC
Earth Fault 2
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0701 EF Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
0702 CT Ratio
0703 VT Ratio
0704 Curve
0705 Io>
0706 to/TMS
0707 to/DT
0708 toRESET
0709 Io>>
070A to>>
070B Io>>>
070C to>>>
070D Char. Angle
070E Io<
070F Vop>
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 page 4 of 16
Phase fault 2
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0801 PF Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
0802 CT Ratio
0803 VT Ratio
0804 Curve
0805 I>
0806 t/TMS
0807 t/DT
0808 tRESET
0809 I>>
080A t>>
080B I>>>
080C t>>>
080D Char. Angle
080E I<
080F V<
0610 tV<
0611 F<
0612 th> Alarm
0613 Ith> Trip
0614 TC
Logic functions F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0901 LOG Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0902 tBF
0903 tAUX1
0904 tAUX2
0905 tAUX3
0906 tTRIP
0907 tCLOSE
0908 CB ops>
0909 CB duty>
0905 Display
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 page 5 of 16
Input masks
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0901 LOG Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A01 Blk to> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A02 Blk to>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A03 Blk to>>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A04 Blk t> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A05 Blk t>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A06 Blk t>>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A07 L Trip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A08 L Close 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A09 Ext Trip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A0A Aux1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A0B Aux2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A0C P Aux3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A0D Set Grp 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A0E CB Closed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A0F CB Opened 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A10 Bus2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A11 Reset Ith 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 page 6 of 16
Relay masks
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0B01 Io> Fwd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0B02 Io> Rev
0B03 to>
0B04 to>>
0B05 to>>>
0B06 I> Fwd
0B07 I> Rev
0B08 tA>
0B09 tB>
0B0A tC>
0B0B t>>
0B0C t>>>
0B0D CB Trip
0B0E CB Close
0B0F CB Fail
0B10 Aux1
0B11 Aux2
0B12 Aux3
0B13 tV<
0B14 Level 1
0B15 Level 2
0B16 Level 3
0B17 thAlarm
0B18 thTrip
0B19 CB Alarm
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 page 7 of 16
Recorder F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0C01 Control
0C02 Capture
0C03 Post Trigger
0C04 Logic Trigger
0C05 Relay Trigger
Measurements 2
Terminals 21 and 22; 23 and 24; 25 and 26; 27 and 28 checked for
continuity with module removed from case
Terminals 4 and 6
Terminals 4 and 6
Terminals 4 and 6
Terminals 4 and 6
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 page 9 of 16
5 Metering checks
CT ratio _____________________
VT ratio _____________________
E/F relay
Setting group characteristic Phase A Phase B Phase C
angle
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 page 13 of 16
________________ s ______________ s
Trip test
Close test
_________________________________ __________________________________
Commissioning Engineer Customer Witness
____________________________________ _____________________________________
Date Date
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 page 15 of 16
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD R8551A
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 page 16 of 16