SAMSUNG EPC System

O
Overview
i
Contents
LTE Network Configuration
LTE/EPC structural features and functions
MME, S-GW, P-GW Functions
SAMSUNG EPC specifications
ifi i and
d structurall shapes
h
Redundancy

2
LTE Network Architecture
 eNB: E-UTRAN Node B
 ePDG: evolved Packet Data Gateway
 GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
 GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol
PDN  SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node
 MME: Mobility Management Entity
Gi Rx  PDN: Packet Data Network
SGi

GGSN Gx PCRF

Gn/Gp Iu Gx Gxb
PDN
Pre-R8 Gn/Gp Gateway S2b
SGSN S5
ePDG
Gs Serving S2a Gxa
MSC Gateway
Sv S6b
Server S4 S11 AAA
SGs S6a HSS S d
SWd
MME STb SWa SWn
R8 SGSN S3 SWx Trusted
S1-U
S12 Non-3GPP
S1-MME AAA
Iu-C IP Access
WCDMA
Untrusted
/HSPA
eNodeB eNodeB Non-3GPP
X2 IP Access
WCDMA LTE-Uu LTE Non-3GPP
UE

3
LTE/EPC Structural Features
and Functions

4
EPC Session/bearer establishment
Always-on
UE Authentication, IP address allocation(session establishment), default bearer
establishment
Dedicated bearer can be set or release by UE or PCRF
There is no exist UE context in E-UTRAN for UE in the ECM-IDLE state
but session and bearer context in MME,, S-GW,, P-GW is maintained.
UE state is switched to active when paging by service request or network

< Active State> MME

2 or more IP
UE session can be

eNB S GW
S-GW P GW
P-GW set by UE
request.
1 IP Session (1default bearer + 0 or more dedicated bearer)

< Idle State> MME

Session
UE between S-Gw
eNB S-GW P-GW and P-GW is
maintained.
1 IP Session

5
Connection Configuration between Access and Core

Original Access – Core connection

Hierarchical structure (1 : N connection)
Access in LTE – Core connection
Core system is connected by pool structure, N:M

M
Management and
d responsibility
ibili off eNB
NB is
i allocated
ll d to core system di
distributed
ib d according
di
to UE.

< Previous Access-Core system> < Access-Core configuration in LTE >

MME pool 1 MME pool 2
Core system

MME

BSC/RNC BSC/RNC
Pool Area 1 Pool Area 2
●●● ●●●

BTS/NodeB eNodeB

6
Mobility Management for LTE
UE1 TA list
TA2
RA1
TA1 MME
RNC1

eNB2
NB2
eNB1
* TA (Tracking Area)
NB1 SGSN TA3 • Minimum unit : cell
• possible to make more than one cell in one
RA2 eNB
• the number of cell per one eNB : minimum
RNC2 one, maximum 256개
eNB4 • one TA is consisted of n cells.
eNB3 • TA is
i allocated
ll t dbby operator.
t
NB4 * TA list
NB3 • TA list is allocated by MME considering
UE2 TA list current location of UE.
• one TA list is consisted of n TAs.

dl mobility
3G Idle bili dl mobility
EPS Idle bili
All UE performed location Location update occurred when
update on Fixed RA. allocated each UE is outside TA list.
Paging performed in RA which TA area is maintained fixed area.
UE updated location. TA list allocation to give UE is possible
When UE initiated Attach and TAU,, MME
can be allocated TA list.
paging by TA list area allocated to UE
7
ISR function
ISR (Idle mode Signaling Reduction)
to limit signaling during inter-RAT cell-reselection in idle mode
C ll
Cell-reselection,
l i TAU/RAU count is
i reduced.
d d
E-UTRAN UE (GERAN/UTRAN supported) is mandatory function.
R8 SGSN supported
pp ISR
Pre-R8 SGSN does not supported ISR.

If UE cannot perform periodic update, Run periodic update timer.

deactivate ISR UE registered If timer expires, detach implicitly

TAU
GUTI, TA HSS
E-UTRAN MME
Session
Information S-GW PDN-GW PDN
UTRAN/GERAN SGSN
P-TMSI, RA
RAU
Run periodic update timer.
UE registered
If UE cannot perform periodic update, If timer expires, detach implicitly
deactivate ISR

8
CSFB (Circuit Switch Fall Back)
MSC transmit Paging request to MME. Then It sends to UE through eNB.
Paging response is transmitted to CS domain. It provides voice service in CS domain.
MSC needs 3GPP Rel.8 support for interworking with MME.
SGs interface (SGsAP/SCTP/IP)

CS call paging response

MSC GMSC
is sent through RNC in 3G IuCS Voice service
NodeB/RNC SG
SGs

Dual-mode MME HSS

Single radio terminal S6a
(Radio mode Transition)
S11
S1‐MME

S5
S1‐U

eNB
S‐GW P‐GW/GGSN

9
SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity)
Possible to handover between LTE and 3G Network during VoIP Call.

MSC needs a 3GPP Rel.8 support for interworking with MME.

Sv interface (GTP-C/UDP/IP)

MSC

Nc
eMSC
BICC/RTP
Voice service
IuCS CS voice in 3G
Sv
NodeB/RNC
Dual-mode
Single radio terminal MME S6a
HSS SGi
(Radio mode Transition)

S1‐MME S11
VoIP in LTE
S1‐U S5

eNB
S‐GW P‐GW/GGSN
10
Charging Function
Offline Charging
Application Support P-GW and S-GW
Function (AF) /
Volume/time g g
based charging
3GPP Specific Charging Interworking with OFCS (Gz interface: GTP’)
Subscription Policy And
Rx Charging
Profile Interworking with AAA(SGi interface: Radius)
Repository Rule Online
(SPR) Sp Function Charging CDR generation for each EPC bearer
(PCRF) System
(OCS)
(P-GW: PGW-CDR, S-GW: SGW-CDR)
Service Data
Gy Flow Based
Gx Credit Online Charging
Control
Policy And Offline Support P-GW
Charging Charging
Enforceme
nt System Real-time charging by Credit control
Function Gz (OFCS)
(PCEF) Interworking with OCS (Gy interface: Diameter)
P-GW SGi
Radius
Accounting
Ga
(Offline)

S-GW

 참고: S-GW charging

– charging for roaming users
– Interworking with OFCS and GTP
GTP’ protocol
(not interworking with AAA)
– support charging per bearer, not support FBC

11
DPI-based differentiated QoS & Charging
Advanced QoS Control Advanced Charging Feature

Packet flow based bandwidth control Off-line/on-line

Off line/on line charging
Application based bandwidth control Service aware charging per packet flow
PCC based QoS control PCC based charging

Offline / Online charging / PCC rules operation for various tariffs

Gz interface for Offline charging
Gy interface for Online charging
Gx interface for PCC rules operation
Gx PCRF
P-GW
E-UTRAN/UTRAN (GTP-C/U) (GGSN functionality)
PDN
Offline Online
Gy
S-GW/SGSN
Charging Gz Charging
System System

Behavior, Heuristic Analysis Default bearer

Skype

HTTP, Download
Pattern Matching FTP

Dedicated bearer
Real-time game

12
 SAMSUNG EPC
p
Specification & Structure

13
MME Function
S1-AP 및 NAS signalling
NAS signaling security
Inter CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks (S3)
Location registration and Paging for Idle mode UE
TA list management, Paging retransmission
NE selection
PDN GW, Serving GW selection

MME selection for handovers with MME change

SGSN selection for handovers to 2G or 3G access network

Roaming for interworking HSS (S6a interface)
UE Authentication
Interworking for Non-3GPP network
HRPD interworking (S101 interface) :

- Signaling for HRPD network and Optimized Handover

14
S-GW Function
Interfacing E-UTRAN for bearer
Local Mobilityy anchor point
p for inter-eNodeB Handover
Mobility anchor point for inter-3GPP (2G/3G/P-GW)
Packet routing & forwarding
Paging to ECM-Idle mode UE for incoming call
Accounting for inter-operator changing
UL/DL transport level packet marking

15
P-GW Function
Interfacing external PDN
Mobility anchor point between Non-3GPP and 3GPP
Packet routing & forwarding
UE IP address allocation
Per-user based packet filtering
PCEF (Policy and Charging Enforcement Function) function
UL/DL bearer binding and UL bearer binding verification

Service level charging, gate control, rate enforcement

PCRF interworking and Policy / Charging control

DL rate enforcement based on APN-AMBR, MBR
UL/DL transport level
l l packet
k marking
k

16
HSS / PCRF Function
HSS (Home Subscriber Server)
User id, numbering, addressing stored
User security information generation
- mutual authentication and encryption for between UE and network
User location information storage
User profile information storage

PCRF (Policy and charging rule function)

S di
Sending Q S and
QoS d charging
h i rule
l to P-GW(PCEF)
G C for
f SDF
S (Service
S i Data Flow)
l and
d
IP-CAN Session
P-GW
P GW (PCEF) is performed QoS and Charging functions according to PCC
rule

17
Flexible to allocate CPU Core

MPP #1 MPP #2
Control
C t l Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Controll
C
Plane Plane
Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core

Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core

Data Data
Plane Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Plane

Optimization according to control & data plane usage

MPP #1 MPP #2
Control Plane Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Control Plane
Core C
Core C
Core C
Core C
Core C
Core C
Core C
Core

Data Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core

Data
Plane Plane
Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core

Support 16core per MPP (Multi-core Packet Processor)

Core of MPP performs Signaling processing(Control Plane) and Packet processing(Data Plane).
It will be optimized system according to traffic pattern change (M2M, video streaming) in the
future. (It can be optimized the number of Core allocation.)
18
MME Specification
Item Description
Product MME (Mobility Management Entity)
Rack Dimension (H x W x D) 2 000 x 600 x 800 mm
2,000
Shelf Dimension (H x W x D) 483 x 468 x 577 mm
Subscriber 2M
EPS bearer 6M
call processing performance 6K CPS (attach )
- eNB : 32,000
- S-GW : 1,024
- HSS : 300
allowable number of Nodes
- EIR : 100
- WCDMA SGSN : 1,024
RAID
- WCDMA MSC server : 100
4 x 10G ports and 4 x GE ports
Number of external interfaces
( or Total GE : 8 ports)

LESA : 2:1
R d d
Redundancy LENA : 1:1
11
LEMA : 1:1
- 1Rack 1 shelf  1 system
Available System configuration - 1Rack 2 shelf  1 system
- 1 Rack 2 shelf  2 system

19
S-GW Specification
Item Description
Product S-GW (Serving Gateway)
Rack Dimension (H x W x D) 2 000 x 600 x 800 mm
2,000
Shelf Dimension (H x W x D) 483 x 468 x 577 mm
Throughput 33Gbps
call processing performance 5K CPS (bearer activation / deactivation )
EPS bearer 4.5M
- eNB : 32,000
- MME : 4,000
allowable number of Nodes
- WCDMA SGSN : 4,000
- P-GW : 4,000
12 x 10G ports & 12 x GE ports RAID
Number of external interfaces
(or Total GE : 24 ports)
LEDA : 2:1
Redundancy LENA : 1:1
LEMA : 1:1
- 1Rack 1 shelf  1 system
Available System configuration
- 1 Rack 2 shelf  2 system

20
P-GW Specification
Item Description
Product P-GW (PDN Gateway)
Rack Dimension (H x W x D) 2 000 x 600 x 800 mm
2,000
Shelf Dimension (H x W x D) 483 x 468 x 577 mm
Throughput 23Gbps (with PCC*)
call processing performance 5K CPS
EPS bearer 4.5M
- S-GW : 4,000
allowable number of Nodes
- APN : 2,000
12 x 10G ports & 12 x GE ports
Number of external interfaces
(or Total GE : 24 ports)
LEDA : 2:1 RAID
Redundancy LENA : 1:1
LEMA : 1:1
- 1Rack 1 shelf  1 system
Available System configuration
- 1 Rack 2 shelf  2 system

* PCC: SDF level QoS, FBC function support

21
Board Types and Functions

Category Function

LTE EPC Signaling interface board Assembly

LESA - Call processing in the MME
- Control of mobility and session

LTE EPC Management board Assembly

LEMA - 200-Gbps packet switch
- System Management

LTE EPC Network interface board Assembly

LENA - Packet interface
- Packet processing (10 GE, 1 XGE (10-Gbps I/F))

LTE EPC Data processing board Assembly

LEDA - Packet processing and control in the S-GW and P-GW
- Software-based packet control using the multi-core packet processor

Data Processing shelf Backplane Board assembly-version 4

DPBB-4 - Inter-board packet interface
- Alarm channel within a shelf backplane

22
MME System Architecture
EMS

LEMA
Main OAM Pkt Switch IPRS

LENA0 LENA1 LESA0 LESA3 LESA6

Subscriber Subscriber Subscriber

DIAMETER ALG DIAMETER ALG
DB DB DB

Call Call Call

DNS Proxy
y DNS Proxy
y Processing Processing Processing

S1-AP ALG S1-AP ALG S1-AP ALG

Pkt I/F Pkt I/F GTP-C ALG GTP-C ALG GTP-C ALG

GTP-C,
S1-AP Diameter DNS

• IPRS : IP Routing Subsystem

MME/S-GW/
MME/S GW/
eNB HSS/EIR DNS

23
S-GW System Architecture
EMS

LEMA
Main OAM Pkt Switch IPRS

LENA0 LENA2 LENA4 LEDA0 LEDA3

Load Load Protocol
Distribution Distribution Proxy (GTP’)
Call Call
Packet Packet Packet Processing Processing
F
Forwarding
di F
Forwarding
di Forwarding
Packet Packet
Processing Processing
Pkt I/F Pkt I/F Pkt I/F

GTP-C,
S1-U Ga
GTP-U
• IPRS : IP Routing Subsystem
MME,
MME
E-UTRAN OFCS
P-GW

24
P-GW System Architecture
EMS

LEMA
Main OAM Pkt Switch IPRS

LENA0 LENA2 LENA4 LEDA0 LEDA3

Load Load
Distribution Distribution
Protocol Protocol Protocol Call Call
Proxy (GTP’) Proxy (Diameter) Proxy (DHCP) Processing Processing
Packet Packet Packet
Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Packet Packet
Processing Processing
Pkt I/F Pkt I/F Pkt I/F

GTP-C, Gx, Gz, Gy,

GTP-U SGi
Radius, DHCP
PCRF/ OFCS/ • IPRS : IP Routing Subsystem
S-GW PDN OCS AAA/
S-GW
DHCP

25
26
redundant configuration
The EPC supports redundancy of the board, process, interface, power supply, and
fan to enhance reliability and availability for the consistent and reliable service
service.

Target Fault description Redundancy method

redundancy
Board Board power supply failure
Other devices failure N:1 redundancy

Active/standby

Interface Physical link failure Link aggregation (Link redundancy)

Physical port failure

Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP)

Internal path Physical link failure -
Power supply Power short circuit power supply redundancy
Fan Fan operation failure Redundant fan configuration

27
Redundant structure of LESA, LEDA
Redundancy : LESA, LEDA (2:1)
1) The fault detection block of the LEMA board periodically monitors the
status of all boards in a shelf using the hardware device information.
2) When an active board fails, a standby board detects the fault and switches
to the active board.
board
3) After fault is recovered, Active board is performed into Standby mode.
(Backup board changed)

Normal Operation Switch Over Non-Revertive mode

Active Active Standby Failure A S A Standby A A

After Recovery

X
LESA0 LESA1 LESA2 LESA0 LESA1 LESA2 LESA0 LESA1 LESA2
or or or or or or or or or
LEDA0 LEDA1 LEDA2 LEDA0 LEDA1 LEDA2 LEDA0 LEDA1 LEDA2
Backup Backup
Take over

28
Redundant structure of LEMA
Redundancy : LEMA (1:1)
1) The two duplicated boards exchange the data required for the redundancy
through the redundant path between the boards.
2) When an active board fails, a standby board detects the fault and switches
to the active board.
board
3) After fault is recovered, Active board is performed into Standby mode.
(Backup board changed)

Normal Operation Switchover Recovery

Active Backup Standby Standby -> Active Standby Backup Active

X
LEMA0 LEMA1 LEMA0 Fail LEMA1 LEMA0 LEMA1
OAM OAM OAM OAM OAM OAM

LESA0 or LESA1 or LESA0 or LESA1 or LESA0 or LESA1 or

LEDA1 LENA0 LENA1 LENA0 LENA1 LENA0 LENA1
LEDA0 LEDA0 LEDA1 LEDA0 LEDA1

29
Redundant structure of LENA
Redundancy : LENA (Board : Dual Active, Interface :)
1) The fault detection block of the LEMA board periodically monitors the
status of all boards in a shelf using the hardware device information.
2) When an active board fails, a standby board detects the fault and switches
to the active board.
board
3) After fault is recovered, Active board is performed into Standby mode.
(Backup board changed)

Normal Operation Switchover Normal Operation

LEMA0 LEMA1 LEMA0 LEMA1 LEMA0 LEMA1

Active Standby Active Standby Active

X
Fail
LESA0 or LESA1 or Back p
Backup LESA0 or LESA1 or LESA0 or LESA1 or
Backup
LEDA0 LEDA1
CP LEDA0 LEDA1 CP CP LEDA0 LEDA1
CP CP CP

LENA0 LENA1 LENA0 LENA1 LENA0 LENA1

30
Interface Redundancy
Active
LESA 1
Active
LESA 2 LENA 0 L2-S/W #1

Active/Standby
LEMA Active

Router #1
Standby
LESA 3 LENA 1 L2-S/W #2
Backup Standby

Active
LESA 1 Active/Standby
Active
LESA 2 LENA 0 L2-S/W #1
LEMA Active

Router #1
Standby
LESA 3 LENA 1 L2-S/W #2
Backup Active

Active
LESA 1 Link Aggregation
Active
LESA 2 LENA 0

Link Aggregation
gg g
LEMA Active
L2-S/W Router #1
Standby
LESA 3 LENA 1
Backup Active

Active
LESA 1 Link Aggregation
Active
LESA 2 LENA 0
LEMA Active
L2-S/W Router #1
Standby
LESA 3 LENA 1
Backup Active

Active
LESA 1

ECMP
ECMP
Active
LESA 2 LENA0
LENA 0
LEMA Active Router #1

(Equal Cost Multi-Path) Standby

LESA 3 LENA 1
Backup Active Router #2

Active
LESA 1
ECMP Routing table
Active update
LESA 2 LENA 0
LEMA Active Router #1

Standby
LESA 3 LENA 1
Backup Active Router #2
31