BUILDING DESIGN 2

Water Supply in Building

 Household Water Supply
• Water is a prime necessity in all types of
households. It is conveyed from the main to
the household or buildings by means of pipes
classified as:
– House service
– Riser
– Branches
 House Service
• Refers to the pipe connection from the public
water main or any source of water supply to
the building served.
 Riser
• Refers to the vertical supply pipe which extend
upward from one floor to the next.
 Branch
• Horizontal pipes that serve the faucets or
fixtures.
 Water Main
• Refers to the public water connection which
are laid underground along the streets where
the house service is connected.
 Water Main
• Refers to the public water connection which
are laid underground along the streets where
the house service is connected.
 Types of Cold Water Distribution
• Cold Water Distribution in Building is classified
into three types:
– Normal water pressure from public main
– Overhead feed system
– Air pressure distribution system
Normal water
pressure
from public
main
Overhead
feed
system
Air Pressure
Water
Distribution
 Maximum and Probable Demand
• Refers to the maximum water discharge of
fixtures in terms of fixture units.
• It is equal to the Total Fixture Units in the
plumbing system where one unit is valued at 8
gallons of water discharge per minute interval.
 Example
• A residential house has 3 water closets, 3
lavatories, one kitchen sink and 3 shower
baths. Determine the maximum demand of
water.

• ANSWER: 160 gallons

 Probable Demand or Peak Load
• This is one factor to be considered in determining
the size of the water service pipe.
• The question is how many fixtures will be used
simultaneously at one point in time is difficult to
ascertain but according to statistical survey:
“ The fewer the number of fixtures installed, the
higher the percentage of probability of their
simultaneous use, and the greater the number of
fixtures, the lower percentage of probable
simultaneous use.”
 Probable Demand or Peak Load
Number of Fixture Percentage of
Units Simultaneous Use
1 to 5 50% to 100%
6 to 50 25% to 50%
51 or more 10 to 25%
Water Service Fittings and Devices
• Plumbing installations are subject to
breakdown, because of their so many working
parts. It is therefore necessary, that all types
of water system be provided with sufficient
number of valves.
Water Service Fittings and Devices
• The different types of valve used in water
supply system are
– Gate valve
– Globe valve
– Angle valve
– Check valve
– Foot valve
– Safety valve
Water Service Fittings and Devices
• Gate Valve
– Used to completely close or completely open the
line but not necessarily to control the flow of
water.
– Connected to the main supply and pump
line wherein operation is infrequent.
Water Service Fittings and Devices
• Globe Valve
– Actuated by a stem screw and hand wheel, suited
on installation that calls for throttling.
– Affords greater resistance flow than the
gate valve because of the change in
flow directions
Water Service Fittings and Devices
• Angle Valve
– Operates in the same manner as the globe valve.

• Foot Valve
– Located at the lower end of the pump used to
prevent loss of priming the pump.
– Sometimes referred to as retention valve.
Water Service Fittings and Devices
• Check Valve
– Main function is to prevent the reversal flow of
gas or liquid in the line.

• Safety Valve
– Used on cold water systems, heating systems,
compressed air lines and other pipelines with
excessive pressure.