PAPER

THE FIVE SENSES

Asked to fulfill one of the tasks

Course: English Professions
Supervisor: Hj. Ellya Marliana, M.M

Arranged by :
Group 5
Lutfia Ainun Fazrin 175060010
Audia Dzatkiah 175060015
Alfiyyah Tsuroya 175060022
Hafifah Nursyamsiah 175060041
Suci Anggraeni B. P 175060042

PRIMARY TEACHER EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
PASUNDAN UNIVERSITY
BANDUNG
2018
 FOREWORD

In the name of Allah SWT, the Most Merciful, the Most Merciful, we offer
thanks for His presence, who has bestowed His grace, guidance, and blessings on
us, so that we can complete papers on the five senses.
We have prepared this paper to the maximum and get help from various
parties so that it can facilitate the making of this paper. For this reason, we express
our gratitude to all those who have contributed to the making of this paper.
Apart from all that, we are fully aware that there are still deficiencies both
in terms of sentence formation and grammar. Therefore, with open arms we
accept all suggestions and criticisms from readers so that we can improve this
paper. Finally, we hope that this paper on the five senses can provide benefits and
inspiration to the reader.

Bandung, October 2018

Compiler

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ......................................................................................................... i

FOREWORD ......................................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCION ............................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Formulation of the problem ........................................................................... 1
1.3 Purpose .......................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER II DISCUSSCION ............................................................................. 2
2.1 Understanding of Five Senses ....................................................................... 2
2.2 The Sensory Systems Of Sight (Eyes) In Humans ........................................ 2
2.3 The Sense Of Touch (Skin) System In Humans ............................................ 3
2.4 The System Of The Sense Of Hearing (Ears) In Humans ............................. 4
2.5 The Sense Of Smell (Nose) System In Humans ............................................ 5
2.6 The Taste System (Tongue) In Humans ....................................................... 6
CHAPTER III CLOSING .................................................................................... 8
3.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Suggestions .................................................................................................... 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

iii
4
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCION

1.1 Background
In all respects, sensory nerve fibers are equipped with a special end
collecting specific stimuli where each organ is connected. The sensory system
requires the help of the nervous system that connects the sensory body and the
system with the central nervous system. The sensory organs are certain cells
that can receive stimuli from the environment and from within the body itself
to be transmitted as nerve impulses through nerve fibers to the central nervous
system. Each sense organ receives a particular stimulus, the appropriate
impression as a sense organ system is only able to receive a stimulus,
classified into two, namely, common sense organs such as the largest sense
receptors throughout the body and special sensory organs such as taste buds
which are limited to the tongue.

1.2 Formulation of the problem

1. What is the meaning of the five senses?
2. How do the sensory systems of sight (eyes) in humans?
3. How is the system of the sense of hearing (ears) in humans?
4. How is the sense of touch (skin) system in humans?
5. How is the taste system (tongue) in humans?
6. How is the sense of smell (nose) system in humans?

1.3 Purpose
1. To know the sense of the five senses
2. To find out the visual system (eyes) in humans
3. To know the auditory system (ear) in humans
4. To find out the touching system (skin) in humans
5. To know the olfactory system (nose) in humans
6. To know the taste system (tongue) in humans

1
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSCION

2.1 Understanding of Five Senses

The five senses are the final organs devoted to receiving certain types of
stimuli. The nerve fibers that handle it are intermediate devices that carry the
sense of taste from the sense organs to the brain where these feelings are
interpreted. Some impressions arise from outside such as touch, taste, sight, smell,
and sound. There is an impression that arises from within, among others, hunger,
thirst, and pain.

2.2 The Sensory Systems Of Sight (Eyes) In Humans

The eye has special receptors to recognize changes in light and color. In
fact what is called the eye is not just the eyeball, but includes the muscles that
drive the eyeball, the eye box (the cavity where the eye is located), the eyelids,
and the eyelashes.
Eye Disease :
 Presbiopi is an eye disease because of the aging process, also called old
eyes. In children, the point near the eye can be very short, about 9 cm for
an 11-year-old child.
 Hipermetropy or distant eyes can occur in children. Hypermetropy is
caused by the eyeball being too short so that the shadow falls behind the
retina. This hypermetropy sufferer cannot see objects that are close or
commonly called nearsightedness.
 Miopi or near eyes are eye defects caused by the eyeball being too long so
that the shadows of objects that are far away will fall in front of the retina.
 Astigmatism is an abnormality caused by the eyeball or the surface of the
eyepiece having an unequal curvature, so that the focus is not the same, as
a result the shadow falls not in the same place. To help people with
disabilities like this are made cylindrical lenses, which have some focus.
 Cataract is an eye defect, which is blurry and decreases the elasticity of the
eye lens. This occurs because of the calcification of the lens. In the person

2
 affected by cataracts the view becomes blurred and the accommodation
capacity is reduced.
 Imeralopy or night blindness is a disorder that causes the sufferer to
become nearsighted at dusk.
 Xeroftalxni is an abnormality in the eye, where the cornea becomes dry
and scaly.

2.3 The Sense Of Touch (Skin) System In Humans

Skin is a sense of touch that has special receptors for touch, heat, cold,
pain, and pressure. The receptor for pain ends protruding into the epidermis.
Pressure receptors, the tip of which is in the dermis away from the epidermis.
Receptors for stimulating touch and heat, the end of the receptor is located near
the epidermis. The skin functions as an internal protective device, for example
muscles and bones.
Abnormalities in the skin :
a) Acne, easily attacks the skin of the face, neck, back and chest. This disease
arises due to hormonal imbalances and dirty skin. Children who are entering
adolescence and people who have oily skin types are very susceptible to acne.
b) Panu, is caused by fungi that stick to the skin. Panu appears as white patches
or spots on the skin and accompanied by itching. Panu arises because the
patient does not maintain the cleanliness of the skin.
c) Kadas, appear on the skin as white scaly spots. On each sphere there are clear
edges with unaffected skin. Kadas also causes itching. This disease is caused
by fungi.
d) Scabies, is also called "seven-year itch". The disease is caused by very small
insect parasites (Sarvoptes scabies) and can spread to others.
e) Eczema, is an acute or chronic skin disease. The disease causes the skin to
become dry, reddish, itchy, and scaly.
f) Prickly heat, occurs because sweat glands are blocked by dead skin cells that
cannot be completely wasted. Trapped sweat causes reddish spots with
itching. Climbs, dust, and cosmetics can also cause prickly heat.

3
2.4 The System Of The Sense Of Hearing (Ears) In Humans
a. Parts Of Ear
The ear is a liste ning device and a balance tool. The ear consists of three
parts, namely the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear cavity.
1. Outer ear
The outer ear consists of:
 Earlobe serves to accommodate or collect sound waves.
 The ear canal serves to channel sound waves into the eardrum membrane.
Along the walls of the auditory there is fine hair which serves to
counteract dust and water so as not to enter the ear.
2. The middle ear consists of:
 The eardrum (tympanic membrane) serves to capture vibrations.
 3 auditory bones (hammer, runway and stirrup) function to strengthen the
vibration and drain it from the eardrum to the inner ear cavity.
 The eustachian canal serves to maintain the balance of air pressure
between the outside air and the air in the middle ear.
3. The inner ear
 The three channels are semicircular (semicircular canal), function as a tool
to determine body position, and maintain balance.
 A sliding window, functions to receive, and convey vibrations.
 Cochlea (cochlea), functions to receive, enlarge, and transmit sound
vibrations to the auditory nerve.
b. Hearing Process
The sound vibrations that we hear will be captured by the earlobe. The
sound vibrations then enter the ear hole. If the sound vibration reaches the
eardrum, the eardrum will vibrate. The vibrations of the eardrum vibrate the
auditory bones. Furthermore, the sliding window and the snail house shook.
Likewise with lymph fluid in the cochlea. Lymph fluid stimulates nerve endings.
The nerve endings convey the sound stimulation to the brain. Thus, we hear a
sound. Vibrations of sound that are too loud can tear the eardrum so that hearing
can be interrupted.

4
c. Abnormalities and ways to maintain ear health
Abnormalities and diseases that affect the ear, namely:
a. Deaf or unable to hear can be experienced from birth and can also be after
adulthood. In general, deafness cannot be cured. However, patients with
deafness that is not severe can be helped by using hearing aids.
b. The discharge of foul-smelling fluid from the ear due to inflammation of
the inner ear.
c. Boils or sores can occur in the ear due to infection.
d. Damage to the eardrum, such as a ruptured eardrum. Caused by two
things, namely the capacity of the sound that is heard is too strong, and is
exposed to a sharp object.
e. Otosclerosis, is a disorder in the stirrup maker characterized by symptoms
of tinnitus (ringing in the ear) during childhood.
f. Presbycus, is damage to the ear nerve cells that occur at the age of the
elderly.
g. Damage to the dengue receptor in the inner ear due to listening to a very
loud sound.
In order to avoid various ear disorders or diseases, things that must be
considered include:
a. Ear hygiene must be maintained so that the ear canal is not blocked.
b. It's best to avoid too loud sounds.
c. If your ears often ring, go to the doctor immediately.

2.5 The Sense Of Smell (Nose) System In Humans

a. Understanding Of Nose
The Nose is one of the human senses that functions as a sense of smell as
well as a part of the respiratory system that functions as a place for air to enter. In
the nose there are fine hairs and receptors that are sensitive to stimuli in the form
af gas or steam. When breathing, we breathe in gas around us so that we can feel
the aroma.
b. Nose Function
1. As a respiratory organ ( air filter)

5
 The nose is the first respiratory organ to be passed by the body, which will
act to filter the air that enters the next respiratory organ. In the nasal wall there
are also many blood vessels and mucus which will function as a regulayor of
humidity and the temperature of the air entering, besides that the nasal wall can
balance the air pressure that enters by diverting the air when recognizing it.
2. As a sense of smell
The nose has olfactory nerves which are part of the cranial nerve ( directly
related to the brain) and serves to respobd to the stimulation of gaseous or vapor
substances. The stimulation that comes will be received by this nerve, then
transmitted in the form of impulses to the brain so that we can smell something.
3. Flavor for food
The nose has an influence on the taste sensation that we have, a good
combination of nose and tongue can provide an optimal taste for the good we eat.
This effect exists because the nose plays a role in the reception of the reflection of
taste bye the tongue. Therefore when we get sick ( flu ) and experience nasal
obstruction, the taste of food will be different.
4. Play a role in sound regulation
The nasal cavity can affect the sound resonance and the speech prosess
that we do, perhaps because of the air pressure regulator entering the nose. When
we close the nos, the sound quality will be reduced when talking in normal
conditions.
5. Airway cleaning.
In the nose there are mucus and enzymes that will clean the airways from
bacteria and incoming dirt. Other than that when the sneeze reflex occurs, the
dirt from the respiratory system will come out through the nose and mouth.

2.6 The Taste System (Tongue) In Humans

a. Definition Of Tongue
Tongue is n organ that belongs to the senses and also as an organ that
supports the digestive system. The tongue functions as a sense of taste, which is to
give taste to every object that enters our mouth. Besides that, the tongue also
functions as a support for the process of chewing and swallowing. Tongue is also

6
often called lingual (Latin) or glossal (Greek). Tongue is a striated muscle tissue
(skeletal muscle) that is coated with mucous membranes.
b. Tongue Function
Tongue has three main functions, namely
 As a sense of taste
 As a digestive organ to digest and swallow food
 As an organ that plays a role in the speaking process
c. Reatment Structure
Most of the tongue is composed of skeletal muscles, there are two types of
muscles in the tongue, the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and the extrinsic
muscles of the tongue. The tongue can move in all directions because of the
presence of these muscles. The nerve responsible for the tongue is the
Hypoglossus nerve. Intrinsic muscle tongue plays a role in changing the size of
the tongue, which is to lengthen, shorten or dilate the tongue. Whereas the
extrinsic tongue muscles play a role in regulating the movement of the tongue in
the mul cavity
On the surface of the tongue there is a special part that can receive
chemical stimulation, this part is called the tip of the taste. Each taste tip has a
different sensitivity to the stimuli we can feel.
 Bitter taste is caused by alkaloid stimuli. Examples include coffee,
caffeine, etc
 Sweetness is caused by OH groups in organic molecules. Examples
include certain sugars, ketones and amino acids.
 Salty taste is caused by the stimulation of Na +, K + and Ca + cations.
 The taste of acid is caused by the stimulation of hydrogen ions.

7
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusions
The eye has special receptors to recognize changes in light and color. In
fact what is called the eye is not just the eyeball, but includes the muscles that
drive the eyeball, eye box, petals, and eyelashes. The ear has special receptors to
recognize sound vibrations and to balance the body. The skin is a sense of touch
that has special receptors for touch, heat, cold, pain, and pressure. The tongue has
special receptors related to chemical stimuli. The surface of the tongue is coated
with a layer of epithelium that contains lots of mucus glands, and a taste receptor
in the form of taste buds. The digestive senses are chemoreceptors found on the
surface of the nose, namely in the upper mucus layer.

3.2 Suggestions
In the sensory system are found various kinds of disorders and
abnormalities, either because of congenital or due to external factors, such as
viruses or food consumption errors. For that reason, take care of your health so
that you can always be able to move well.

8
 BILBIOGRAPHY

Frandson, 1992. Anatomi dan Fisiologi Ternak. Universitas Gajah Mada

Press. Yogyakarta.
Sloane , E., 1994, Anatomi dan Fisiologi. Buku Kedokteran EGC.Jakarta.