PARC

Annual Report
2016-17
 PARC
Annual Report
2016-17
 CONTENTS

1 Chairman's Forewords i

2 Plant Sciences 1

3 Natural Resources 11

4 Animal Sciences 20

5 Social Sciences 28

6 Agricultural Engineering 35

7 Planning and Development 41

8 Coordination and Management 49

 FOREWORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN

This is my first foreword for an annual report since being appointed as the Chairman
of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council. It is indeed a great honor and
privilege to be part of such a wonderful organization. Since joining on 5th October
2016, I have interacted with scientists and staff in PARC and all other regional
centers as well as our development partners to get first hand information about the
exciting work that is going on.
The first and foremost task was to develop the executive team by appointing regular
Technical Members. Our team is now in place and making much required positive
changes.
The restructuring of NARC, our largest center in Islamabad, was done for a better
working. Several institutes were merged. A working discipline was put in place in all
the centers. The flagship of food security is in the stronghold of able scientists of
PARC who have been playing their remarkable role in all fields of agriculture and serving the entire nation as
well as around the globe.
The Plant Sciences Division (PSD) has always been in forefront for developing new varieties, introducing
innovative production technologies for the cropping systems as well as exhibiting itself as an important partner
in the national uniform yield trials. The PSD is also introducing the exotic fruits, germplasms of various crops as
well as of vegetables.
The Natural Resources Division (NRD) has generated knowledge and developed technologies for conservation
of land, water, range and forest resources. Further experiments are being done to improve products like
HumiNARC, Biozote and other bio-inoculants for accelerated phytoremediation of metals contaminated soils.
PARC honey has been a trusted brand for the last many years because of its purity and variety. The solarization
of water pumping and studies on glacier melting in Gilgit-Baltistan were vital interventions made by scientists
of the NRD.
The Animal Sciences Division (ASD) is fighting out various viral diseases of the livestock and small ruminants,
including foot-mouth (FMD) and PPR. Research has also been done for better animal nutrition as well as milk
production. The ASD has a very strong past for its contribution in inhibiting viral diseases of poultry through
accredited laboratories at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC). Fisheries have been also very active
for last few years for introducing new fish varieties.
The Social Sciences Division (SSD) has a crucial role of conducting research to fill gaps, develop linkages,
highlighting success stories, assisting in the way forward of the organization and the country. The SSD is also
playing a greater role in outreach activities and passing the technologies developed by PARC to farmers. This
Division is undergoing a major restructuring.
The Agricultural Engineering Division (AED) has added value to agriculture through mechanization,
renewable energy technologies, value addition, postharvest and food engineering. Newly developed machines
include Multipurpose Wood Chipper, Pak Seeder, Cane Crusher, dehusking of Ispaghol and bio-furnace.
The Coordination and Monitoring (C&M) Division developed various national and international MoUs.
Moreover, through exchange programs the scientists are receiving long-term and short-term trainings in
various countries.
This all is being achieved in collaboration with national and international agencies and organization like
CIMMYT, USAID, USDA, Pak-Italian Cooperation, Dow-Agro Sciences, ACIAR-ASLP, ILSI Research
Foundation, IDS-IFPRI, COMCEC, FAO, JICA, CABI Bioscience and many others.
PARC is making progress under the patronage of Ministry of National Food Security & Research. The strong
support of the Ministry enabled us to improve our working. Once again it is ensured that the food security is the
PARC's priority and it is in safe hands.

YUSUF ZAFAR

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 Plant Sciences
Plant Sciences in broader sense works in the field of crop production, plant protection and horticultural
research. All efforts are made for the value addition and meet the demands of local and international markets
with a keen focus to minimize the chemical use and minimal disturbance of the ecology during food production.
In order to achieve the above goals, priority research areas were identified including maintenance of genetic
diversity and germplasm improvement; variety development; standardization of production technology
package for sustainable crop production; integrated pest management; agricultural mechanization; and post-
harvest management.

CROP PRODUCTION

Wheat
The Wheat Research program NARC is using all conventional methods (introduction, Selection and
Hybridization) to breed new wheat varieties with characteristics of economic importance. Wheat advances
lines/germplasm is introduced from CIMMYT and ICARDA. The germplasm is tested for adoptability and
other traits of economic importance. The elite lines are then selected for further testing in yield trials.

Germplasm development through hybridization

Crosses: A crossing block comprising 219 genotypes was maintained and about 200 cross combinations were
attempted. Among these 123 fresh crosses were harvested for disease resistance, for quality improvement, yield
and other traits of economic importance.

Generation advancement: 162 F1 generations were maintained and assessed for different traits and 151
populations were harvested for generation advancement. About 766 segregation populations at different filial
generations (F2-F6) were maintained at NARC and 561 population were harvested for generation advancement

F7 Head Rows: 560 F7 head rows from 56 populations were planted at NARC and 400 F7 head rows are
available for selecting genetically fixed lines. Among these lines 52 were selected for evaluation in yield trials.
Selection was based on disease resistance (all three rusts, powdery mildew, loose smut, and kernal bunt), grain
color and plant type.

Exotic Germplasm evaluation

Four observation nurseries and 4 yield trials comprising of 891 test entries, were assessed for yield potential and
other traits of economic importance and 85 lines selected for further analysis.

Yield trials: Three spring wheat yield trials viz 37th elite spring wheat yield trial (37th ESWYT), 24th semi-
arid wheat yield trial (24th SAWYT), 4th wheat yield consortium yield trial (4th WYCYT) and an
international durum yield trials (IDYT) comprising of 154 test entries were evaluated. Thirty five elite lines
were selected for further testing in advance yield trials. Except IDYT the effect of genotype on yield was
significant in all the trials. In 37th elite spring wheat trail (37th ESWYT) 50 entries were reevaluated. The
range of yield was from 3677-4814kg /ha. The standard check produced 4670 kg/ha whereas top yield entry
produced 3% higher yield than check variety. Twelve elite lines were selected from this trial. Fifty entries were
evaluated in 24th SAWYT. The range of yield in 22nd SAWYT was from 3190-4287kg/ha with LSD of value of
699kg/ha and none of entry exceeded in yield than local check. Nine lines were selected for further evaluation in
advance yield trials. In 4th WYCYT thirty entries were evaluated and 12 entries were selected. The range of
yield was from 2948-4560kg/ha. The top yielded line showed a yield increase of 4% than local check. In the
international durum yield trial (IDYT) of ICARDA no significant difference was observed among the genotype.

Evaluation elite lines at Station and regional trials

Four station trials i.e., one initial evaluation wheat yield trial (IEYT) one preliminary wheat yield trial (PYT),
one advance wheat yield trials (AYT) and an advance durum yield trial (ADYT) were conducted at NARC
Islamabad during cropping season 2017-18. In addition a national regional (multi-location) yield trial (NRYT)
over 4 locations was also conducted. Data regarding diseases and other traits of economic importance were
noted and analyzed. About 247 bread wheat lines were tested in these trials and 65 elite entries were selected for
further evaluation. Except in ADYT the effect of genotypes on yield was significant in all trials. In PYT 75 elite
lines were tested. Among these lines fifteen lines were selected on performance basis. The range of yield in this
trial was 5071-7707 per hectare. The top yielded lines gave 15% higher yield than the standard check. The AYT
consisted of fifty entries. The genotypes gave a range of yield from 5215-8369.3kg/ha. The highest yielded line
produced 13% higher yield than standard check variety (7422 kg/ha). The advance durum wheat yield trial
(ADWYT) consisting of 10 entries and 2 elite lines were selected. One advance line will be contributed for
testing in NUDYT- 2017-18.

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In a multi-location National Regional Yield trail (NRYT) conducted over four locations, 25 elite lines were
tested for adaptability. Three the best adopted lines were selected for testing in National uniform Yield Trial. In
this trial genotype x environment interactive effect as well as main effect of genotypes on yield was significant.
The range of yield was noticed between 4703-3421kg/ha. The highest yielded line produced 10% higher yield
than check (42790kg/ha).

Significant Achievements
As result of above breeding activities above following significant achievements has been made:
? Top 9 high yielding breed lines from advance yield trials (AYTs) were tested in National Wheat Disease
Screening Nursery (NWDSN) for screening against various diseases of economic importance.
? Based on the performance, 5 advance bred wheat lines were evaluated in the micro varietal wheat yield
trials (provincial yield trial of Punjab) 2016-17 and two were selected for testing in NUWYT.
? 3 advance lines were contributed to DUS for testing at FSC & RD.
? Based on the performance at various stages of testing, three advance bread wheat lines were evaluated in
the National Uniform Wheat Trials (NUWYT) under both rainfed and irrigated conditions during 2016-
17. Two advance lines (NR 448 and NR 491) were contributed for first year testing while one bread wheat
advance line (NR 487) was contributed for second year testing in NUWYT.
? One durum advance line was for first time tested in NUDYT during 2016-17 cropping season
? A high yielding disease resistance a candidate variety NR 449: NR 449 was tested for its yield
performance at different locations in the National Uniform Wheat Yield Trials both under irrigated and
rainfed conditions for two year. During the first year of testing under irrigated condition produced 3793
Kg/ha grain yield and was statistically at par with high yield check variety. Under rainfed condition it
produced 4.3% higher yield (3888kg/ha) than composite check variety (3728kg/ha) and statistically at
par with the high yielding entry. During the second year of testing (2015-16) under irrigated condition, it
stood fourth in yield ranking on all Pakistan basis (4100Kg/ha) producing 5.6% higher yield than
composite check (3881kg/ha). Under rainfed condition, it stood first in yield ranking on all Pakistan basis
(4132Kg/ha) producing 11% higher yield than the composite local check. When both irrigated and
rainfed planting was combined it again got first position (4108kg/ha) producing 8% higher yield than
composite check (3812Kg/ha). NR 449 carries desirable resistance against yellow rust (YR) and leaf rust
(LR) with RRI 8.29 for YR and 8.98 for LR during 2015-16. During 2014-15 RRI was 8.69for YR and
8.74 for LR as reported by CDRI-NARC. NR 449 is presented for spot examination based on its
performance in national, regional and station trials and resistance against rusts. It will also complement
the already existing wheat varieties in irrigated/rainfed areas of the country and the farmers will benefit
from its higher yield and resistance against prevalent races of rusts. It will be presented in VEC and PSC
in the current cropping season to release as a commercial variety.

Wheat Harvest Plus Programme:

Per capita wheat consumption in Pakistan is 124 kg per year, which is among the highest per capita wheat
consumption in the world. Pakistan is facing a silent crisis of malnutrition over the years and needs immediate
attention to address it. Particularly in remote areas of Pakistan, human diets too often lack essential
micronutrients such as zinc. According to a 2011 nutrition survey, 39 percent of children in Pakistan and 48
percent of pregnant women suffer from zinc deficiency, leading to child stunting rates of more than 40 percent
and high infant mortality. Zinc deficiency is also known to cause diarrheal disease, lower respiratory tract
infections, hypogonadism, impaired immune function, skin disorders, and anorexia etc. In order to tackle zinc
deficiency in the country the Wheat Program of NARC started a project with financial support of Harvest Plus
Program to improve the zinc status of Pakistani women and children through the introduction of high zinc wheat
varieties for production and consumption by smallholder. Bio-fortified breeding strategy was used to
incorporate high zinc into the currently grown wheat varieties by selection of exotic germplasm and
hybridization.

Hybridization
In 2016-17 cropping season about 60 cross combinations were attempted and 39 successful cross combinations
were harvested for producing high zinc containing recombinants. 40 F1s were planted and harvested and 140
segregating populations a different filial generations (F3-F6) were planted and harvested at NARC. About 230
Head Rows (HRs) from 23 segregating populations were also planted and harvested at NARC. About 23
genetically fixed lines with high zinc were developed selected to test in IEYT.

Exotic germplasm evaluation: About 250 entries were evaluated in Harvest plus yield trial (7th HPYT) and
in Harvest plus Asian Nursery (8th HPAN). The lines developed by the Wheat Program of CIMMYT. 7th
HPYT was plated over five locations. The trial consisted of 50 entries and 16 elite lines were selected for further
test in station yield trials. The 8th HPAN consisted of 200 lines and 11eliet lines were selected.

Station trials: About fifty eight elite lines were tested in two station yield trials namely; Harvest plus primary

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wheat yield trial (HPPWYT) and Harvest Plus advance wheat yield trial (HPAWYT) and twenty three
prominent lines were selected on performance basis. A multilocation Yield trail consisted of 8 entries was also
conducted at three locations (NARC-Islamabad, WRI-Faisalabad and CCRI-Pirsabak) to study the
environment x genotype interaction. Data was analyzed and one line was selected. This will tested in NUWYT
next year.

Significant achievements
Two elite lines with high zinc were contributed to national wheat diseases screening nursery (NWDSN) CDRI
for testing against diseases. Two advance lines were contributed to DUS testing at FSC & RD. One advance line
was tested in Provincial wheat Yield Trial. Two promising lines (NR- 443, NR 480) were tested in NUWYT.
The candidate variety NR 443 performs well during both year of its testing in NUWYT. It is comparable with
high yielding commercial variety in NUWYT at its first and second year of testing. It showed high grain Zn
content as compared to the composite check. It also carries desirable resistance against yellow rust (YR), leaf
rust (LR) and stem rust. It will be presented in VEC and Punjab Seed Council (PSC) for approval to release as
commercial variety in irrigated ecology of Punjab.

SEED PRODUCTION

Invest in pre-release multiplication to ensure seed supply at release 1400 kg breeder seed of 28 rusts resistant
and high yielding pre-release advance lines has been harvested at NARC.

Seed production at NARC, Islamabad

200 head rows of each of four varieties (NARC 11, Pakistan 2013, Borlaug 2016, and Zincol 2016) were planted
and 100 rows of each were selected and harvested to establish progenies blocks for development of Nucleus
Seed/Prebasic seed.

Breeder seed (BNS): 50 progeny blocks of each of commercial varieties of NARC (Pakistan 2013, NARC
2011, Zincol 2016, Borlaug 2016 and NARC 2009) were planted and about 0.75 tonne BNS seed of above
mentioned varieties was harvested.

Pre-Basic seed: About 11.7 tonne pre-basic seed of four NARC released varietiescertified (Pakistan 2013,
NARC 2011, Zincol 2016 and Borlaug 2016) as produced. About 126 tonne of basis and 14 tonnes certified seed
of above mentioned varieties was also produced. Different categories of above mentioned seed was examined
by FSC&RD. The final report for approval of certification was provided by FSC&RD after testing of seed
samples in laboratories

CROP PROTECTION

Plant Diseases Surveillance

Among plant diseases rusts have the lion's share that attack the staple food in Pakistan i.e. wheat. Every years
PARC is making efforts to come with resistant varieties against rust.

Distribution of wheat rusts in Sindh during 2017

Yellow rust of wheat
This year the yellow rust of wheat was also observed in coastal, south, lower, upper and northern parts of Sindh
but as compared to last year the intensity and incidence of yellow rust were very low frequency. In early i.e. mid
February the highest infection of yellow rust was observed at Kakar, District. Dadu on Inqilab-91 80MSS with
40% incidence and Sakrand, District Benazirabad 80MSS on TJ-83 with 10-20% incidence. In mid-March the
highest infection of yellow rust was observed at Khyber Distt. Matiari and Moro, District Nausheroferoze.

Leaf rust of wheat

This year, the high intensity of leaf rust was recorded in Sakro, Sonda and Sajwal in District Thatta on Galaxy-
13. In Samaro, District Umerkot on Sehar-06, Allahdinosand TJ-83. In Tando Adam, District Sanghar 100S on
Galaxy-13

Stem Rust of wheat

Under the natural conditions no single pustule of stem rust were observed during first and second wheat rusts
surveillance activity in Sindh.

Disease Resistance
During 2015-2016 PARC released varieties that were proven resistant to UG 99 even after international
assessment. During 2016-17,a total of 154 advanced lines weretested against wheat rusts and found 22 are
resistant to all rust, 12 to leaf and yellow, 5 to stem and yellow while 4 to leaf and stem. Among these only 1 line

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was found resistant to spot blotch and 50 lines were found resistant to Powdery mildew. 142 lines were tested
against Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus and 8 were found resistant.

Prevalence and Distribution of Wheat Rusts in Sindh Province During 2017

No. of Disease Incidence

Wheat Rusts Prevalence %
Samples Severity Range %
First
Surveillance Leaf Rust 39 37.14 TS-60S Trace -40
Activity Yellow Rust 20 19.04 TMSS -80MSS Trace -40
Stem Rust 0 0 0 0

Leaf Rust 93 88.57 TS-100S Trace -80

Second
Surveillance Yellow Rust 26 24.76 5S-80MSS Trace -40
Activity
Stem Rust 0 0 0 0

Among other crops such as sunflower, 207 Hybrids lines of sunflower were screened against charcoal rot
(Macrophominaphaseolina), 33 were found Moderately Resistant. Two local hybrids (SMH-0917 and SMH-
0927) are in pipe line for approval of release. In Canola, 71 entries of Canola were tested against Sclerotinia rot
(Sclerotiniasclerotorium), out of which 16 were found Moderately Resistant, the entry HOP09 is in pipe line to
be released as variety. Ground nut 109 entries were tested for resistance against Fusarium and Tikka disease,
among which 23 were found mostly resistant against both. The onion 39 entries were tested purple blotch
(Alternariaporri) and 3 were found Moderately Resistant. 145 entries of chillies were tested against
Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) disease and two were found resistant.Forty two accessions of
potato were tested against late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans) and 4 were found highly resistant.
Chickpea 45 lines were tested for blight disease (Ascochytarabiei) in glasshouse, out of which 6 were found
highly resistant and twelve were found resistant while 90 accessions were tested in field conditions and out of
those, 6 were found highly resistant and 18 were found resistant.. 68 accessions of mungbean were tested for
leaf spot (Cercosporacanescens) and 30 were found resistant. Similarly, 72 lines of mash bean were tested for
cercospora leaf spot (Cercosporacanescens) and 36 were found resistant.

Leaf Rust Stem Rust Stripe Rust

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

Biological Control
Chrysoperla is a genus of green lacewings in the neuropteran family Chrysopidae. Therein they belong to
the Chrysopini, the largest tribe of subfamilyChrysopinae.Members of this genus and the genus Chrysopa
are very common in North America and Europe. They share similar characteristics and some species have
been moved from one genus to the other and back. Their larvae are predatory and feed on aphids and
members of this genus have been used in biological pest control. The life table attributes of
Chrysoperlacarnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are being studied at Biological Control Lab of NARC.
Life table attributes of Chrysoperlacarnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) reared on Corcyra cephalonica
(Lepidoptera: Pyrilidae) eggs were studied under laboratory conditions. The apparent mortality was
maximum (8%) at egg stage and minimum (2%) at 2nd instarstage. The survival fraction (Sx) for egg, first,
second, third, pre pupa and pupal stages was .92, .93, .92, .97, .95 and .92 respectively. The total generation
mortality “K” value was 0.17. The mean generation time and population doubling time was 19.96 and 3.63
days respectively.
In a similar study, Chrysoperlacarnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) reared on (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae)

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eggs mortality (100 qx) was maximum (21%) at egg stage and minimum (7%) at pupal stage. The total
generation mortality “K” value from egg to adult emergence was 0.376. The mean generation time and
population doubling time was 18.68 and 3.99 days respectively.
Then biological studies on papaya mealy bug are being undertaken. The natural enemy fauna of papaya mealy
bug has been explored. So for, eight natural enemies of P. marginatus have been reported from NARC premises.

Integrated management of Fruit fly management

Fruit flies management strategies incorporating Male Annihilation Technique (MAT), Bait Application
Techniques (BAT) and filed sanitation were demonstrated by conducting field days in selected cluster orchard
farms of citrus and peach growing areas. Six field days were conducted and 156 farmers participated.

Host Plant Resistance

12 Maize lines provided by AIP, CIMMYT were evaluated for stem borer resistance through artificial
infestation. Four varieties showed tolerance against stem borer with 60-63% survival rate and three varieties
were comparatively resistant with 50 -57 % survival rate.

Maize stem borer infested plant Maize stem borer damage

ECOTOXICOLOGY RESEARCH

Standardization of analytical methods for Pesticides

The sophisticated ecotoxicology laboratory is continuing pesticide analysis at NARC. During current year, the
scientists have developed and optimized extraction procedure and analytical method on GC-MSD for
determination of selected pesticides (Carbofurans, Carbosulfan, Chlorpyrifos, Ethion, Imidacloprid,
Indoxacarb, Monocrotophose, and Profenofos) residues in Soybean meal. The group analyzed a real sample of
Soybean meal on this method. No pesticides were found above their respective FAO/WHO codex MRLs.
The scientists are now equally capable of analyzing pesticides residue in honey and milk. They have analyzed
Mango, Peach, Grapes and Apple samples collected from Islamabad fruit market for determination of Pesticide
residues. Peach samples were highly contaminated.

Visit of Malaysian delegate to Staff conducting research work at

Ecotoxicology lab Ecotoxicology lab

In ICARDA-USDA Project 2011-17 “Management of CLCV disease through Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) techniques by adopting Farmers Field School (FFS) approach” the target was to train the farmers using
farmer field school approaches for the management of cotton leaf curl virus by involving the resource persons
from virology background.
During 2016-17, Overall 84 FFS and 79 Participatory Learning Groups (PLGs) were established in seven
cotton growing project districts of Punjab and Sindh (Bahawalpur, DG Khan, Khanewal, Multan, Vehari,
Sanghar&Umerkot) provinces. Overall 3171 (average 28/FFS and 11/PLG) small cotton farmers/growers
underwent training through FFS and PLGs during the cotton season. Three hundred twenty-eight (328) farmers
trained in district Bahawalpur, 431 farmers trained in DG Khan, 480 farmers trained in district Khanewal, 480
farmers trained in district Multan, 447 farmers trained in district Vehari, 360 farmers trained in district Sanghar

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and 345 farmers trained in district Umerkot. Moreover, a documentary on FFS process was prepared covering
children ecological clubs, project progress and farmers views in local languages which were translated in
English. A manual on “Cotton Best Management Practices” was compiled earlier in Urdu and Sindhi was
reprinted for local cotton growers and farmers.

Glimpses of Farmer Field Schools for cotton leaf curl virus management

NATIONAL INSECT MUSEUM

National insect museum at NARC is entrusted upon the assignments to collect and maintain the insect fauna of
Pakisan. This year About 200 insect specimens were recorded on different vegetables. Among these 100
specimens were identified yielding five pest and three predatory species. Two species of Odonata naiads
(agricultural and medical importance) were reared and fed on dengue vector mosquito larvae to check predatory
efficacy. Bees specimens received from different universities were taxonomically worked out and eleven
species have been identified. Ant Fauna of Pakistan (Hymenoptera formicidae) has been collected by the
museum.
Phytophagous weevils, a seed pest, were recorded from selected foothills of Himalaya Ten species based on 150
sorted specimens were identified. More than 15,000 specimens were curated and maintained by removing
fungus from specimens and rust from pins.

VERTEBRATE PEST MANAGEMENT

New and effective zinc phosphide bait formulation for rodent control
Rodents especially rats have been seriously damaging various establishments for centuries. PARC rodent
control lab has historical role for developing various formulations and baits for rodent control. This year the lab
has developed new and effective zinc phosphide bait formulation in pellet form by increasing its palatability
after conducting series of lab and field experiments. The bait consists of millet cracked, maize cracked, and
wheat flour as bait base and peanut butter as an added to mask the peculiar smell of zinc phosphide compound.

Zinc phosphide pellet bait

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 Dead bodies of wild boar
Wild boar Management at NARC campus
Overall three wild boar operations were carried out at NARC campus. A comprehensive survey of NARC
boundary wall was conducted to mark the entry points of wild boar. Control strategies involved use of acute
poison in poultry heads in the first phase followed by slow poison (Acumen) after a gap of 3-4 days to tackle the
remaining population.

Rodent Management at Prime Minister House Islamabad

On the request of “PM HOUSE” rodent management was started by Vertebrate Pest Management Programme
(VPMP), Institute of Plant & Environmental Protection. Before starting control operation a comprehensive
survey was made to see new entry point/structural faults in the building and any control operation carried out
earlier. The survey findings indicated high level of rodent infestation Rattus rattus (black or roof rat) in the
inspected areas. VPMP adopted short and long term strategies to tackle this problem successfully in the building
on scientific basis achieving 90-95% control.

BIOREMEDIATION

Promotion of NIB, NARC Bio-remediation model

The bioremediation is a popular theme in research these days by which the waste water is cleaned enough
through water loving plants and bacteria to use it for irrigation purposes. This model was first established at
NARC. For the promotion of this successful model seminars have been delivered at University of Wah,
WahCantt, Taxila and at PCRWR. In this regard the radio and television programs were also broadcasted.

HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH

Potato Program, NARC

Evaluation of potato germplasm
About 300 kg basic of 32 potato clones was produced, received from International Potato Centre, Lima, Peru for
varietal evaluation and selection. 400 kg mini tubers of 105 clones were produced from local crosses.

Harvesting of potato seed Potatogermplasm growing in tunnel

Evaluationof exotic potato varieties

During current year the varieties evaluated include Violet Queen, VR-808, Touareg, Constance, Arsenal,
Esmee, Aloutte, Arizona, KM-05-81-43-R, Red Valentine, Achilles, Focus, Miss Andes, Miss Mignonne,
Elbeida, Elodie, Nazca, Hybrid 202-05-01, Aurea, Florice, Eldorado, Hermosa, Asterix, Loane, Daisy, Fado,
FL 1533, Pirol, Paramount, Cerata, Fortus etc. .All varieties were found better in yield. About 34 potato
varieties after testing adaptability are in pipeline for VEC meeting to be released for distribution in the country.

New Clone Development

Potato Program HRI, NARC developed three clones. The potato seed of above mentioned clones have been

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increased for further evaluation in NUYT and other experiments.
NARC Potato IV (393574-72) 1440 kg seed produced
NARC Potato III 1120 kg seed produced
2005-1 240 kg seed produced

Promising clones of potato

VEGETABLE CROPS RESEARCH PROGRAMME

Indigenous chilli hybrid evaluation

The indigenously developed chilli hybrids gave higher green yield in 2016 as: Hyb.1-15 (141.0 t/ha), Hyb.4-15
(100.5 t/ha), Hyb.2-15 (100.0 t/ha), Hyb.3-15 (76.0 t/ha) in comparison to three international hybrids i.e.;
Bonanza F1 (119.0 t/ha), Atlas IMP F1 (102 t/ha) and Atlas # 3 F1 (91.2 t/ha).

Indigenous hybrid International hybrid

Inbred line development in brinjal, bottle gourd & bitter gourd

? A total of 106 plants in S5 and seed of 25 plants in S3 were selected in brinjal to progress for S6 and S4
cycles respectively.
? Selfing cycle in 01 line (S0), 02 lines in (S1), 04 lines in (S2), 06 lines in (S3) and 09 lines in (S4) of bottle
gourd is in progress.
? Inbred lines in bitter gourd were progressed in S0, S1 & S4 cycles. 08 stable bitter gourd inbreds and 09
OPVs were maintained manually through sib-matings.

Selfing in brinjal Selfing in bittergourd

Off-season onion production through sets at farmer's field

Autumn onion production technology through sets was developed and tested at farmer's field. January 05 &
December 20 was found best time for set production. A walking type seed sowing machine was developed
under the project by ABEI NARC scientists to make this activity more economical and easy.

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 Onion sets production Seeding machine

Garlic and onion candidate lines

For the registration of Garlic (NARC Garlic-1) and Onion (NARC Onion-2) candidate lines, applications were
submitted to FSC&RD for DUS after completing their necessary experimentation, adaptability studies and
National Uniform yield Trials.
Main characteristics of these lines are:
NARC Garlic-1: High Yielding (24-26 t/ha) and better shelf life
NARC Onion-2: High Yielding (40-50 t/ha)

NARC garlic and onion

KITCHEN GARDENING

Established 79 “Kitchen Gardener's groups. About 0.5 million seedlings and 14,000 seed kits were distributed
to promote kitchen gardening. In order to create awareness about Kitchen Gardening, 25 training courses
coupled with 427 demonstration plots were developed.

Demonstration plot Training of kitchen gardening

FLORICULTURE PROGRAM

Ornamental plants propagation

Maximum root initiation was noted at 800 ppm IBA in hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), 85% and wisteria
(Wisteria sinensis),75% with maximum survival (78%) and (70%) respectively. Also, maximum plant height
was recorded in hydrangea (8.0cm) and wisteria (7.0cm) at 800 ppm of IBA. While 600 ppm contributed to
maximum survival rate (75%) in Fuchsia (Fuchsia magellanica). The same concentration of 600 ppm also
contributed to maximum number of number of leaves (12.25), number of branches (2.25) and fresh flower
weight (4.50 gm) in hydrangea.

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 Effect of IBA on Hydrangea Cuttings Effect of IBA on Wisteria Cuttings Effect of IBA on Fuchsia cuttings

Pre-planting exogenous application of ga3in Dutch iris

The results obtained from five different concentrations showed that early plants emergence and maximum spike
length was noted at 200ppm in Dutch Iris Pre planting exogenous application of GA3 to break dormancy of
Dutch iris bulbs.

Breaking dormancy of Dutch iris bulbs by Ga3

PLANT INTRODUCTION

The institute of Plant Introduction was set at SARC Karachi to improve the plant health for fruit harvest through
nutrition management, water holding capacity and initiate propagation activities through nursery development.

Maintenance of Grmplasm
Coconuts: Presently, four known varieties of coconut namely; Srilankan tall (green), Ranthambeli,
Gonthambeli, Srilankan dwarf (green) along some unknown hybridsare being maintained at IPI farm.
Chikku: Two types (oval and round) of chikku are being maintained. Out of ninety five trees only few trees bear
fruit, because these fruits are very old. Farm yard manure and irrigation along with insecticide Curacran for pest
control have been applied.
Tamarind: Forty nine trees of two types of sweet and sour tamarind are being maintained. The seed is also used
for nursery development.
Dates: 23 trees of dates of different varieties are being maintained.
Ber: A total of 132 grafted trees of gola and sufiber are maintained.

Nursery Development
Nursery of plants introduced to the country include Coconut (38 fruiting trees), Papaya (1245 plants), Phalsa
(200 plants), Breadfruit (5555 plants), Roselle herbal tea, Karonda, Badam (100 plants), Moringa, Custard
apple, Soursop, Jungle Jalebi, Tamarind and Tamarind 1500 plantlets in its shed under development.

10
 Natural Resources
NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION

Natural Resources Division (NRD) has been involved in conducting research on issues related to land, water,
rangelands, agro-forestry and honeybee management for improved and sustainable agricultural production.
During 2016-17 major emphasis was given to enhance the resilience of vulnerable farming communities
through climate smart natural resource management practices, land and water resources management, arid
horticulture, range management and mountainous agriculture.

Field Demonstration on Biozote for Wheat in Rainfed and Irrigated Area

Four sites were selected in Chakwal District for Biozote Technology demonstration and dissemination under
“Improving Soil Fertility and Soil Health” project funded by ICARDA-USDA under rainfed conditions for
wheat. The crop was harvested at maturity and grain yield data were collected and presented in Table 1. The
wheat grain yield was significantly (P<0.05) increased (6-14%) with Biozote inoculation over farmer practice
(FP) at all demo sites of Chakwal District. The data confirmed that Biozote inoculation improved crop yield
compared to farmer's practice significantly.
Four demonstration sites were selected (2 in Hafizabad and 2 in Sheikupura) for Biozote Technology
demonstration under irrigated conditions for wheat. Wheat was sown at all demo sites with two treatments i. e.,
1) Farmer Practice (FP), 2) Farmer Practice + Biozote. The wheat yield was significantly (P<0.05) increased 7-
18% with Biozote inoculation over farmers' practice (FP) at all demo sites Hafizabad and Sheikhupura
Districts. The data confirmed that Biozote inoculation improved crop yield compared with farmer practice.

Impact of Nutrient Coated with Humic Substances (HSs) on Growth and Yield of Groundnut and
Tomato under Field Conditions
Two field demonstrations were conducted to evaluate the role of HSs-based fertilizer product on peanut and
tomato under field conditions on farmers' fields in Gujar Khan (2 sites). The treatment comprised of NPK
recommended practice and NPK coated with HSs. Groundnut dry pod yield increased by 12% over control. In
case of tomato applied HSs based products increased tomato yield by 16% over control and also improved
produce quality as well nutrient concentration.

Sole NPK HSS Chelated NPKHSs based

Effect of Humic Acid application on growth of the groundnut
Effect of HSs alone and in combination with micronutrients on wheat and potato
Field experiments were conducted to assess the effect of humic substances alone and in combination with
micronutrients on wheat yield. Highest grain yield of 4.29 t ha-1 was achieved with Coal Derived Humic Acid
(CDHA) in combination with micronutrients having increase of 19 % over control followed by grain yield of
4.24 t ha-1 gained with the Plant Derived Humic Acid (PDHA) having 18 % increase over control.
The highest potato tuber yield of 16.30 t ha-1 was received with application of CDHA in combination with
micronutrients having increase of 21.70% over control followed by tuber yield gained with the PDHA having
15.95 t ha-1 having increase of 19%.

Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency using humic acid as an organic amendment in light textured soil
Field experiment on wheat was conducted at village HyderabadThal in district Bhakkar for obtaining optimum
yield by enhancing Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) by applying humic acid (HA) as an organic amendment in
light textured soil.
Grain yield was significantly influenced by applied N and HA. Overall the mean highest yields were recorded at
higher levels of applied N, i.e., 120 and 150 kg N ha-1; the yield obtained with these treatments were non-
significant. Across the N treatments the higher applied HA treatments (75, 100, and 125 L ha-1) produced
significantly higher grain yield than lower doses of HA, but the yield within these three treatments HA
statistically similar. Significant interaction between HA and N application indicated a differential response of
wheat crop to applied variable levels.

11
Nitrogen use efficiency was also significantly influenced by the application of various applied N and HA doses.
The mean highest NUE was observed with the application of 120 kg N ha-1 and with 50 L HA ha-1 that was
significantly higher than all the HA treatments under . The NUE was statistically at par within the same level of
N treatment where HA was applied @ 75, 100 and 125 L ha-1. The highest NUE was observed in interaction of
75 and 100 L HSs ha-1 and 120 kg N ha-1 that was followed by 50 L HSs ha-1.

Effect of vermicompost on growth, yield and nutrients composition of tomato

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of vermicompost on tomato growth and yield
parameters. Growth and yield parameters (number of fruits per plant, fresh weight, dry weight, total fruit
weight) were recorded during growth period. Results showed the maximum fruit yield 66.35 t ha-1 was
obtained where vermicompost applied @ 2.0 t ha-1followed by 64.45 t ha-1where vermicompost was applied
@ 1.5 t ha-1.

Effect of vermicompost on potato productivity under field conditions

A field experiment was conducted with the objective “to investigate the effect of vermicompost on productivity
of potato” in collaboration with Potato Program, NARC. Four vermicompost levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 t ha-1
respectively) were tri-replicated by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). All standard cultural
practices were followed up to maturity of the crop. The maximum potatoes yield (14.5 tha-1) was obtained with
application of vermicompost 2 tha-1 followed by 13.3 tha-1 with application of vermicompost 1.5 tha-1. It was
35 % more than yield of control.

Soil Salinity and Saline Agriculture

Growth of mash bean as affected by phosphorus application in a saline soil
To record the impact of phosphorus application on growth and Na+/K+ ratio in mash bean, a pot study was
conducted using Randomized Complete Design (CRD). In a saline soil (soil (pH = 7.8., ECe = 4.4 dS m-1 ),
phosphorus application @ 60 mg kg-1 as DAP decreases sodium ion and increases crop growth in mash beans
(Cv. NARC-3 and Cv NARC-2). Biomass of Cv NARC-2 was 6 % higher than that of Cv. NARC-3. Sulphur
concentration in Cv NARC-2 was 14 % higher than that of Cv. NARC-3. Sodium potassium ratio decreased 17
% than the control in Cv NARC-2 whereas in Cv. NARC-3 this ratio declined 10 % than the control with the
increase in concentration of sulphur in plant material under phosphorus application @ 60 mg kg-1. Although
mash bean is a salt sensitive crop but its salt tolerant traits can be revealed, through nutrient management under
minimal soil salinity.
6
5
Na+/K+ ratio

4
control
control

3
2
60
60
1
0
0.44 0.48 S(%) 0.39 0.43
– CV. NARC Mash -2 – CV. NARC Mash -3
Effect of phosphorus (60mg kg -1 as DAP) in saline soil on sulphur and Na+/K+ ratio in mash beans

Induced salt tolerance in rice and wheat by inoculating with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
(PGPR) having ACC-deaminase activity strains under saline soil
To induce salt tolerance in rice crop using PGPR having ACC-deaminase activity and its impact on crop growth
and yields under saline soil, a study was conducted using CRD. Inoculated seeds of rice (Cv. BAS-385) with
different strains of rhizobacteria [SBCC (M9), RPR (32), RPR (33), WPS (8) PBS, SBCC (M8) and RPR (41)]
were tested in artificially developed salinity (6 dS m-1). Among different rhizobium strains maximum paddy
yield (10.67 and 10.14 g plant-1) was obtained with WPS (8) PBS and SBCC (M-8) rhizobium strains
respectively under saline conditions. This paddy yield was (25 and 19 % respectively) better than that of control
where no rhizobium strain was applied.
For wheat, saline soil (8 dS m-1) and Rhizobium strains were tested on Cv. NARC-2011. On the basis of grain
yield, the consortia of all strains performed better than sole strain inoculations and were significantly better than
the control. Among three strains, WPS-09 out yielded.

Soil Chemistry
Manual preparation of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) and testing on wheat crop under rain-fed
conditions
To determine the effect of particle size on the availability of P from rock phosphate; three mesh sizes viz.
120,160 and 200 were tested. The reacted roc was analyzed for P content after 25 days curing. To test the
efficiency of prepared SSP on wheat crop, 50 bags of SSP were manually prepared from Hazara rock phosphate

12
having 26-28% P2O5 with mesh size of 120-200 and commercial grade sulfuric acid. To evaluate the effect of
prepared SSP, with comparison to DAP and Biozote, an experiment was conducted on 2-hectare area at NARC
Islamabad, during Rabi season.The availability of P2O5 ranged from 13.45 to 14.27% among the treatments of
various particle sizes. The highest availability was recorded where particle size was 200 mesh, followed by 160
mesh, giving 14.27% and 14.21 P2O5 content, respectively. It was concluded from the study that 160 mesh
particle size of rock phosphate is optimal for attaining higher and economical available P in SSP.

Reactivity assessment of various Hazara rock phosphates

Three types of rock phosphate (Guldania, Kakul and Paswal) were collected from local area of Abbottabad,
ground at particle size 160 mesh having 30% (±0.03) P2O5. The results showed that the highest amount of P
(15.61%) was released from Guldania RP followed by Kakul (15.47%) irrespective of the acid applied. The
Paswal Rock Phosphate (RP) gave the least amount P release (13.88%) the trend of P availability with time
interval was almost same in all the RP of Guldania, Kakul and Paswal showing almost maximum release at
day45.

Demonstration and dissemination of Fertilizer Band Placement (FBP) Technology

A drill for fertilizer band placement (FBPD) in wheat was developed and evaluated. The drill places DAP
fertilizer 5 cm away and 5 cm deep from seed of wheat, experiments have showed that sowing of wheat with
FBPD increased wheat as compared to broadcast method. Results showed that there was an increase of 20-23%
in grain yield with the use of FBP technology over farmer practice (fertilizer applied by broadcasting).

Fertilizer band placement drill

Soil Environmental Research

Heavy metals concentration in paddy soils and grain

A sampling survey of rice area was conducted to collect the paddy soils and associated paddy crop for
determination of Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) concentrations. The details and geo-
positioning of the sampling locations are given in the figure. A total of 83 sites were sampled for soil and paddy
grain of district Sheikhupura. The paddy soil, grain and straw samples were prepared for analysis. The fine
ground portion of soil, rice grain and straw were wet digested in acids mixture. Filtrates of soils and plants

Map of sampling location in district Sheikhupura

digestion were analyzed for total Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Ni concentrations using a graphite furnace atomic
absorption spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Analyst 800). The comparison of the total Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb
concentrations of collected soil samples with the safe limit of WHO/FAO (2001) showed that the
concentrations of all the heavy metals were within the recommended permissible limits (RPL) except Cd.

Assessment of arsenic concentration in rice grown in Hafizabad and Gujranwala

Rice is particularly efficient in taking up Arsenic (As), partly because it's grown in water-flooded conditions,
which reduces the binding of As by soil, thus making the substance more available to the grain. From Hafizabad

13
district, 73 samples of (each) soil, paddy plants and underground water (used for irrigation) and from
Gujranwala, 67 samples of (each) were collected randomly.
Arsenic concentration of underground water was ranged between 0.01 – 9.62 µg /L in district Hafizabad and
0.03 to 7.743 µg/L in Gujranwala district. Arsenic concentration in all the water samples was below the
permissible limit of 10 µg/L for drinking and 100 µg/L for irrigation.
A good correlation was observed between straw and brown rice and correlation coefficient value were ranged
from 0.55 to 0.65 in Hafizabad and 0.34 to 0.90 in Gujranwala district. Relatively wider ratio was observed in
super basmati and kainat which indicated that straw had higher arsenic content and was less was translocated to
grain in both the districts.

Arsenic concentration in brown rice of districts Hafizabad and Gujranwala

Soil Physics
Effect of green manuring (GM) on soil physical and hydraulic properties under different tillage practices
in wheat
A long term field experiment (3rdyear) is ongoing at NARC, Islamabad to observe the effect of two types of
tillage: 1) Conventional cultivator, and 2) Moldboard plow and two green manuring treatments, 1) without
green manuring, and 2) with green manuring,to assess temporal (short term and long term) changes in soil
physical and hydraulic properties.
Results indicated that green manuring improved soil organic carbon pools. Moldboard ploughing showed
adverse effect on labile carbon pools.

Effect of tillage (cultivation& moldboard) and green manuring on organic carbon fractions and active and
passive organic carbon pool

Climate Change, Alternate Energy and Water Resources Research

Cryosphere hydro-meteorological monitoring system for glacier mass balance in Shimshall Valley in
Hunza
Under Himalayan Adaptation, Water and Resilience (HI-AWARE) regional project installed 02 Automatic
Weather Stations (AWS) for glacier environment, 02 Pluvio units, 02 Water Level Radar for glacier melt

AWS at 4700 meter in Shimshal Pluvio-1 at 4200 meter in Shimshal

14
 Temperature logger Water level sensor

quantification, 11 temperature sensors, and 06 rain-gauges in Shimshal jointly with Pakistan Meteorological
Department (PMD). The installation sites were selected in consultation with national and international
stakeholders. One Automatic Weather Station (AWS) was installed at around 4700 m, one Pluvio at around
4200 m, and other station was installed at 4550 m above sea level (msl). The temperature loggers and tipping
buckets were installed at different elevations ranging from 2500 msl to 4500 msl to account the temperature and
precipitation patterns at different elevations. Similarly, two water level gauges were also installed at feasible
locations. This extensive hydro-meteorological monitoring of glaciers will scientifically address Karakoram
anomaly.

Vehicle mounted mobile equipment for outdoor

temperature measurement

Data logger display Automatic weather station (AWS), installed at Saroba, Chakri
Rawalpindi

Piloting of Heat Monitoring System in Faisalabad

To determine the heat threshold, a methodology was developed with Wageningen University, Netherlands and
pilot test run of indoor temperature (inside rooms) and outdoor temperature (Device mounted on vehicle for
street temperature) measurement in the neighborhood in urban transect of Faisalabad has been implemented
jointly with ALTERA, institute of Wageningen University. Sixty indoor sensors were installed in various poor
urban settings. One automatic weather station was installed at GC University, Faisalabad.

Databases development
? Historical climate reference datasets were developed. These dataset have been made public through
internet. An easy-to-use tool has been developed for non-experts to extract climate data from climate
reference set.
? Downscaled future climate dataset of 04 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and 04 Regional
Circulation Models (RCMs) for precipitation, temperature at 5km X 5km resolution first time in South
Asia and Pakistan.
? Developed future extreme scenario for heat and temperature.

15
 Uncorrected annual precipitation Corrected annual precipitation

Dataset properties

1981-2010, daily P, T avgas,

?
Tmax, Tmin, Etref
5x5 km for upstream IGB
?
10x10 km for total IGB
?

Corrected average temperature Dataset properties

Water Management Research at Arid Zone Research Institute, Umerkot

? Drip irrigation system was installed on 17 acres powered by solar energy.
? Alternative Energy Sources (Wind, Solar and Biogas) has been established and used for pumping of
irrigation water at AZRI farm.
? Bioremediation System model has been developed on city waste water and used to irrigate Date palm
orchard.
? Pitcher irrigation model to grow creeper vegetables

Rangelands and Agro-Forestry Research

Evaluation trial of vortex grass (rye grass) under rainfed condition in Pothowar
The trial was conducted in RRI field area at NARC. Seeds of the rye grass (Loliummultiflorumvar. Vortex) from
Australia were sown in three plots with 50 cm line spacing. Sowing was done in October 2016 and fresh and dry
matter yield were recorded in April, 2017. No attach of insects and other pests were observed. Fresh forage of
8.8 and corresponding dry matter yield of 2.9 tha-1 were recorded.

Evaluation trial of vortex variety Exotic rhodes grass accessions

Forage yield and quality of exotic rhodes grass accessions

Three varieties were imported from Australia and Zimbabwe namely Sabre, Tolgar (Australian) and Katambora
(Zimbabwean). Dry matter yield and crude protein content of these grass varieties was analyzed at three growth
stages i.e. pre-flowering, flowering and maturity. These grasses exhibited significant differences in fresh and
dry matter yield. This study most significantly showed that Katambora is the variety which can be adapted to
Pakistani climate and can give better forage yield in rain fed conditions, and it is the variety which is ideal for
live weight gain.

Introductionof Cactus plants

Under the CGIAR Research Program (CRP) Dryland Systems (DS), 40 cactus accessions added to the

16
germplasm collections at NARC during 2015 from Brazil and Italy. One cladode from each accession wad
handed over to PGRI for germplasm conservation. All the accessions survived under climatic conditions of
Islamabad. These accessions were multiplied and at present we have 60-100 cladodes of each of these
accessions. These will eventually be introduced to the farmer's field in the dry areas.

Agronomy of spineless cactus

Agro-Forestry Nursery
Seed of various trees and grass species collected for use e in the Agro-forestry nursery and for NGOs and
progressive farmers. More than 10,000 plants of multipurpose tree species (Ipilipil, Kachnar, Bakian, Toot,
Poplar, Suck chain, Amaltas, Siris, Sohanjna, Pilkan, Daman) were raised in nursery for planting in
experimental areas at NARC, NGOs and progressive farmers.
At AZRI Umarkot, 30,000 nursery plants of multipurpose Tree Species were raised for the area. More than
25,000 plants were planted in 6 villages with community participation (Kerlo Rahimoo, Maroohar Ratnore,
Nasarullah Sand, Noroje Dhani, Mithriyo Charan). Twenty four training sessions arranged and 150 farmers
trained on range management and agro-forestry. Seven new grass species introduced and tested on brackish
water (>2200 ppm) at Umerkot.

Agro-Forestry block at AZRI Farm Native grass species of Cholistan Desert

HONEYBEE RESEARCH

Integrated Pest Management in Honeybee Apismellifera colonies

Honey bee health is of vital concern to the apicultural industry. Two major ecto-parasitic mite species
(Tropilaeaps clareae, Varroa destructor) are the major concern to apiculture. The brood ecto-parasitic mite,
Tropilaelaps clareae is causing greater damage to Apis mellifera colonies and major economic losses to
beekeeping industry in Pakistan. Formic acid and the highest concentrations (100%) of essential oils of lemon
grass showed effective control of Tropilaelaps mites. The infestation reduction percentage with formic acid,
lemongrass, thyme, lemon, basil and oregano oils was recorded more than 96% on worker brood.

Management of ecto-parasitic mites

17
Honey Quality Analysis
Two hundred and seventy five honey samples analyzed for physicochemical, sensory and microscopic analysis
to ensure the quality of honey. These samples include 25 general samples from beekeepers or honey companies,
200 PATCO samples, 50 honeybee Research Institute own honey's samples.

Different Pollen Supplementary Diets for Honeybee

Four flours (soybean, gram, wheat and maize) mixed with honey and water evaluated as supplemental diets on
beehive. Areas of sealed worker brood, mean number of combs covered with bees, diets consumption rates and
honey yield of the tested colonies were recorded. The results showed that soybean diet was consumed in
maximum quantity (85.3 gm) and produced higher Ber honey yield as compared to other tested diets and
control. This diet will help to save colonies during dearth period.

Mountainous Horticulture
Cherry
Ten (10) cultivars were collected and orchard of cherry at Mountain Agricultural Research Centre (MARC).
Orchard was managed and data was collected on crown gall resistant and compatibility to different rootstocks
of cherries at Mountain Agricultural Research Center (MARC).Orchard of cherry maxima-60 rootstock (crown
gall resistant) imported from Italy was properly managed. Plants have not yet started flowering and fruiting.

Cherry at MARC Chilghoza nursery GB

Chilghoza Pine
Installed two plastic tunnels of 100 x 20 and 50 x 20 feet size at MARC, Juglote and at MARS, Gurikot, Astore
for research activities to develop vegetative propagation techniques for Chilghoza pine.
Collected Chilghoza cuttings from 2 sources of bud wood (old & young trees) from an altitude of 2381 m above
sea level from natural forests in District Diamer, GilgitBaltistan. Prepared cuttings from both the bud wood
sources and planted at MARC using different soil Medias and 5 various concentrations of a common plant
growth hormone.

Peach
Nineteen (19) previous cultivars of Peach planted at MARC were maintained properly and fruit data was taken
for different parameters and selected 3 cultivars (Florida King, Fame Crust and Peach A-5) for further
propagation and multiplication.
Collected 7 cultivars of peach and 4 cultivars of nectarine and planted with19 cultivars of peach at MARC for
further selection and comparison with 3 selected cultivars.

Peaches at MARC

Livestock Research in Mountainous Areas

More than 120,000 fingerlings were produced and 85000 were provided to the farmers for raring at nominal
price.
A survey was carried out to document the phenotypic characteristics of goat breed in GilgitBaltistan under the
ALP project. The flocks were not homogenous for different characteristics and it was not possible to identify

18
 Fish in Mountainous areas Livestock in Mountainous areas

different breed based on phenotypes.

More than 300 nondescript cows were crossed with exotic bulls (Friesian and Jersey) for breed improvement of
local cattle. Earlier milk production was 3-4 kg/cow and now it has been enhanced 10-12 kg/cow.
More than 90 animals were treated for different diseases like placental retention, feed toxicity, tympany, worm
infestation, viral and bacterial diseases etc.

Evolution of Climate Resilient Crop Genotypes/Varieties

AZRI, Umerkot
? More than 42 lines of Guar (Cluster bean) tested at AZRI farm. The three best varieties were multiplied
for seed production. The seed of the selected variety AZRI-2013 provided among farming community.
The yield potential in desert ranges 12-17 mds/acre.
? The 11 varieties of sesame were tested at AZRI farm to test the yield potential in the desert area.
? NUYT trials from PARC on Ground nut, Sesame, Mung bean, Mash bean and Cluster bean have been
conducted at AZRI farm since 2015.
? Eight varieties of Mustard were tested for yield potential at AZRI farm for desert area.
? Hybrid sun flower Parsun-3 was also produced at AZRI farm on one acre from A and R lines collected
from NARC. 75 kg seed was produced and distributed among the local farmers.
? Integrated Crop management models of Dandicut chilies have been developed for the better crop yield.
The seed of 16 Dandicut chilies types for 600 acres has been developed and distributed among farmers of
district Umarkot.
? One hundred and thirteen indigenous and exotic lines of Chilies collected from PGRI, NARC and
AVRDC. These varieties were planted at Kunri out of 113 only 15 survived and acclimatized at district
Umarkot.

BARDC, Quetta
? Twelve (12) wheat yield trials and seven nurseries comprising one thousand sixty seven (1067)
genotypes were evaluated against, cold, drought and diseases. Out of which one hundred and thirty two
(132) genotypes were selected on the basis of better yield and disease resistance for further testing.
? One thousand one hundred and sixty eight (1168) wheat lines comprising different advance and released
varieties/lines were tested under National Disease Screening Nursery, NWUYT and trap at Quetta and
Sibi.
? Advance wheat yield trials were planted at Sibi (1) and Labella (1), excellent results were obtained from
the trials and better performing genotypes were advanced to yield trials/seed multiplication for further
testing under NUWYT in future.
? Two barley nurseries and five yield trials comprising two hundred thirty (230) genotypes evaluated at
Quetta to select drought tolerant, high yielding and disease resistant barley genotypes. Trials also
included naked barley advance lines which will be further multiplied to develop new naked barley
varieties for cultivation in different regions of the country. Fifty five genotypes were advanced to next
stage for further testing under biotic and abiotic stresses of the province.
? Tested one (1) lentil yield trials at Quetta. Due to cold and drought spell at Quetta only nine genotypes
were selected while majority of the lines were fully or partially damaged by cold and drought.

19
 Animal Sciences
ANIMAL HEALTH

The Animal Health program focusesatdetermination of pathogenesis and development of effective diagnostics,
control and management strategies against major trans-boundary animal diseases. During the period under
report, most of the research activities aimed at studying the pathogenesis and pathogen characterization,
diagnosis and control of trans-boundary viral pathogens (foot-and-mouth disease, paste des petitesruminants)
and surveillance of selected zoonotic diseases(Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, brucellosis and Shiga toxin-
producing E. coli). This program has also been a hub for activities related to the Department of Animal
Genomics and Biotechnology under the degree awarding institution of PIASA at NARC.
This year two Farmer days were organized in Salmiya district Hatian, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and
Garhi Habib Ullah, district Mansehra, Khyber PakhtunKhwa (KPK), while 01 National seminar on PPR
eradication was conducted.
Twelve suspected PPR outbreaks were investigated all over the country. The outbreaks were confirmed by
haemagglutination test (HA), Ic-ELISA, cELISA and RT- PCR. PPR outbreak control measures were
implemented and demonstrated to field veterinary staff of the area.
A total of 70,000 lambs, kids and newly introduced animals were vaccinated against PPR in each of the target
tehsils and 80,000 sheep and goats were vaccinated in surrounding tehsils of the project target areas for
immuno-sterilization.
Sixteen isolates of PPRV were partially sequenced targeting nucleo-capsid gene (N gene).

PPR Awareness Workshop National Seminar on PPR at NARC

Indigenous diagnostic assays for PPR virus infection

Reverse transcriptase loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the diagnosis of PPRV was
successfully standardized and validated by testing 120 field samples collected during outbreaks of PPR. The
sensitivity and specificity of standardized RT-LAMP were established by comparing with RT-PCR and qRT-
PCR.
A complete N gene RT-PCR was developed for the detection of PPR. Results of sequencing revealed that the
hyper variable region of N gene was highly conserved in local PPRV isolates.
A cost effective sero-diagnostic assay (active haemagglutination inhibition) was developed for PPR. A total of
320/599 samples were found positive for PPR by active haemagglutinationinhibition.

Epidemiology, pathogen characterization and pathogenesis of Foot-and-mouth disease virus

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the country is an obstacle to export and a potential productive barrier having
major economic impact. The key to control disease needs in-depth investigations on epidemiology and
pathogenesis.
The study of relationship of circulating and persistence FMD viruses revealed their close resemblance. The
circulating FMD viruses are anti-genially different from the vaccinal viruses. Molecular diagnostic assay (RT-
LAMP) was developed for FMD diagnosis which is able to characterize its sero-types.

RT Lamp for detection of FMDV RT Lamp for detection of FMDVST

20
 ESTABLISHMENT OF PARC VETERINARY CLINIC

A veterinary clinic has been established at NARC and staff recruited for functioning of the clinic. In this clinic,
more than 2100 animals of different species were treated and 15000 animals were vaccinated for various
livestock diseases.

PARC Mobile veterinary Clinic

REGIONAL TRAINING IN ONE HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY FOR SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

The increasing interaction between humans and animals leads to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious
diseases especially zoonotic diseases which are transmissible from animals and wild life to humans and vice
versa. The countries that have a national plan for the control of specific zoonotic diseases based on the available
resources and strategies are able to eradicate many such diseases. In spite of the progress achieved, the diseases
like tuberculosis, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Leishmaniasis, brucellosis, Shiga toxin-
producing E. coli and rabies still constitute a threat to human health and welfare particularly in Asian region
including Pakistan.
Brucellosis was studied at human animal interface in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. In this regard, a total of 1732
blood samples were collected from small ruminants of selected areas of district Rawalpindi and ICT. An overall
brucellosis prevalence of 5.7% was observed in goat and sheep population of both localities.
At human animal interface, a sero-prevalence of brucellosis was 31.4% in risk group (farmers, veterinarians)
and 3.5% in general public.

DIAGNOSTICS FOR CRIMEAN CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER (CCHF)

Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a major viral zoonosis prevalent in Pakistan. The virus is
reservoired in tick vectors which spend a significant part of their hematophagous life cycle on domesticated
animals, during which CCHF virus can be transmitted. CCHFV can also be transmitted to humans during the
slaughter of viremic animals and directly from the bite of infected ticks. Both are important transmission routes
of virus to humans and a case fatality rate (CFR) of up to 40% is common. NARC Animal Sciences lab have
standardized protocols to detect IgG. The overall prevalence of CCHF in small ruminants is about 9%.

ANIMAL NUTRITION PROGRAMME

This program focuses research mainly on nutritive evaluation of feedstuffs, feeding systems, economical feed
development, development of nutritional technologies for efficient livestock production, feedlot fattening for
meat production and fodder production and its conservation for livestock, and feed safety issues.
In ruminant's diet plant protein sources are being used 15-20% in fattening and dairy rations, including oilseed
cakes/meals, by-products of food production, and forage legumes but these are more expensive than other
ingredients of compound feed.
In a comparative study Calves fed Maize Gluten Feed containing diet got significantly higher (23 and 18%)

Calves under experiment

21
weight gain compared to calves fed by Rapeseed Cake(RSC) and Cotton Seed Cake (CSC) diets, respectively.
Similarly, better (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in MGF (5.51) supplemented calves
followed by RSC (6.46) and CSC (6.53) diets. This may be due to higher energy and rumen un-degradable
protein content of MGF as compared to CSC and RSC. The feed cost per kg gain with MGF was markedly lower
(27 and 19%) than feed containing RSC and CSC. It is concluded from the results that calves fed maize silage as
basal diet supplemented with concentrate containing MGF had positive effects on weight gain, FCR and feed
cost when compared with calves fed CSC and RSC based concentrates.

EFFECTS OF VARYING LEVELS OF SOYBEAN MEAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON

GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND WOOL
PRODUCTION IN ANGORA RABBITS

Angora breed is well known for finest and the longest white silky wool production amongst other wool
producing animal breeds. An experiment was conducted at LRS, NARC to compare growth performance,
nutrient digestibility and wool production and quality of growing Angora rabbits as influenced by different
levels of soybean meal supplementation. It was found that the Wool production was almost double in
concentrate supplemented groups than non-supplemented group. Among supplemented groups, rabbits fed
with concentrate having 15% soybean resulted in significantly more wool production with good quality than 5
and 10% soybean supplemented groups.

Angora rabbit, its wool and wool products

GENERATION OF REFERENCE VALUES ON AVAILABLE AMINO ACID CONTENT OF

THE LOCALLY AVAILABLE FEEDSTUFFS FOR POULTRY

This study aimed at analyzing the available amino acid content of the different varieties and qualities of grains,
grain byproducts, oilseed meals, and animal meals used in poultry feed formulation. For this purpose, the team
of the NARC is working in close collaboration of the feed millers of Pakistan.
Under this project, a laboratory for amino acid analyses has been set up. Necessary equipment has been
purchased and selection of ingredients in collaboration of the industry has been completed. Analytical activities
are expected to be completed by Dec 2017.

ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS PROGRAM

The main focus of the program is to improve reproductive efficiency and genetic potential of food animals. In
this regard, the controlled breeding programs facilitate artificial insemination (AI), which is the major
reproductive tool for genetic up gradation of local breeds. Buffalo and cow are both important dual purpose
(milk and meat) animals of Pakistan.

Improving reproductive efficiency of cows and buffaloes through oestrus control

Experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) containing
1.38 g progesterone (P4) and double prostaglandins (PGF2á) on estrus response and pregnancy per AI in non-
descript cows of Punjab. It is concluded that CIDR-based estrus synchronization protocols improves the

Ultrasonography to confirm corpus luteum

22
reproductive efficiency of non-descript cows during peak breeding season. The results are presented in Table
1.CIDR-based estrus synchronization protocols improves conception rate (64%)in non-descript cows during
peak breeding season.

Productivity enhancement through genetic improvement of small ruminants

Small ruminant industry is characterized by small flocks with random breeding. Some breeds of sheep (Lohi
and Kajli) and goats (Beetal and Kamori) are maintained at Government Farms. Within breed, selection is a
preferred strategy for improving traits of economic importance. Series of collected data were analyzed to
estimate the genetic parameters in these breeds of small ruminants.
In an experiment Fertility was evaluated in Beetal and Jattal goats inseminated with frozen thawed semen of
Saanen breed. Nukri (Beetal) goats maintained at NARC were artificially inseminated with frozen-thawed
semen doses of same breed on detected estrus. Jattal goats were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen of
Saanen breed to establish the nucleus flock at NARC.
Average litter size obtained in Nukri goats was 2.5. In Jattal goats, the average litter size was 1.2 with 37.5%
embryonic mortality.

Cross-bred progeny born through AI at NARC

Genetic improvement of selected indigenous Naked Neck chicken by crossing with exotic poultry breeds
of Rhode Island Red and Black Australorp
During year 2016-17, eight hundred and eighty six (886) chicks in 19 batches were hatched and reared. Besides
42 poultry birds from PRI Mansehra, 15 RIR male from PRI Rawalpindi and 350 Naked Neck hens were
purchased from different rural areas of Faisalabad and Toba TekSingh. Currently foundation stock of 635 birds
comprising of NN (250) RIR(30) BAL(35) and their crosses (Cross I and II =320) is maintained and data are
being collected and analyzed.
The data on growth rate, feed conversion ratio and phenotypic characterization parameters were collected.
Small size eggs (n = 8755) and birds (n = 1758) were disposed off.
Crosses (Cross I and II) are maintained and phenotypic data is being collected.

Cross-bred F 1 Progeny

ANIMAL PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

Dairy Technology Section

Up gradation and automation of yogurt production facility at Dairy Technology Section
After the successful propagation of yogurt starter culture and semi-commercial trials of yogurt production, a
follow-up project wasplannedto increase the yogurt production capacity and to bring automation in the yogurt
production process at the Dairy Technology Section; thus not only providing an improved product to common
people through PATCO, but also establishing a pilot scale yogurt production facility suitable for training of
interested individuals, entrepreneurs, and farmers.
The main activity under this project was the procurement and installation of equipment required to upgrade and
automate the yogurt production process. Success was achieved in purchasing a batch pasteurizer of 350 L
capacity which will help to increase the yogurt production capacity of Dairy Technology Section.

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Preparation of dairy products for sale at PATCO sale point
Yogurt was prepared in small batches of 25 L/day using conventional utensils. During the current financial year
5787cups of 800 g and 425 cups of 400 g plain yogurt were prepared. In addition 87 cups of 200 g yogurt were
also prepared. The total sale proceeds were approximately equal to Rs 0.72 million.

AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES RESEARCH PROGRAM

Monosex (All male Tilapia) seed production and culture in Pakistan

Fish seed and feed was imported from Thailand andsuccessfully acclimatized at fisheries program, NARC,
Islamabad.Brood stock of tilapia was developed from procured seed. Male and female tilapia was identified and
separated by hand sexing. Brood fish were stocked in earthen ponds and were fed high protein diets.
To study the growth performance of tilapia,growth comparison of genetically improved farm tilapia (GIFT) and
sex reversed tilapia was done. For this purpose the study of three months was conducted to check the growth
performance of sex reversed tilapia and GIFT on imported floating feed. It was concluded from the study that
sex reversed tilapia showed comparatively better growth performance as compared to GIFT.
All male Tilapia were assessed to check the effect of different dietary protein levels on fingerlings. The results
showed that growth performance of tilapia was much faster in earthen ponds as compared to glass aquaria
however; best growth performance was achieved at 30% CP in both glass aquaria and earthen ponds.

Control temperature cemented ponds for tilapia breeding

Overhead tank Impeller aerator

Aqua feed production in Pakistan for commercially important Culturable fishes

In Pakistan per acre fish production is very low due to non-availability of aquafeed. Artificial feeding increases
the carrying capacity of culture systems and can enhance fish production many folds. There is no doubt that
artificial feeding can be a key to fish culture success and maximum production in minimum time. No aquafeed
factory has yet been established in Pakistan. There is a dire need to establish anaquafeed factory at pilot scale.
Buildings for aqua feed mill including main factory building, material store, and finished product store were
constructed and Necessary staff has been recruited for operating the feed mill.

Building for aqua feed mill (External View)Building for aqua feed mill (External View)

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Seed production of American Channel catfish
The fingerlings (1000 fish) of American Channel catfish were stocked and fed for brood stock development of
American Channel catfish. Sorting of shooters fish was done for development of brood stock fish.
Breeding of fully matured and developed pairs of American Channel catfish was achieved. For improving the
reproductive performance of brooders, effect of different feed additives on reproductive performance of
American channel catfish was studied. Initially, effects of vitamin C and E on reproductive performance
wereinvestigated.
It was concluded from the study that supplementation of these vitamins significantly increase the gonadal
maturation and gamete production of American channel catfishmale andfemale brooders. Vitamin C and E were
found to increase GSI, milt volume, sperm motility and sperm concentration in male brooders. In case of
females, the vitamins significantly increased GSI, ovarian weight fecundity and relative fecundity.

Fry of catfish

Culture and breeding of ornamental fishes (goldfishes, koi carp andguppies)

Brood stock was developed from both local and exotic ornamental fishes by feeding on artificial diets. During
this period their gonadal development was also studied. After preparation of brooders, success in breeding was
achieved in both indoor and outdoor facilities, using natural methods.
To prevent the brood stock from different type of infections, prevalence of microbial flora in goldfish reared in
earthen ponds was studied. In this study various bacteria were isolated from goldfish reared in earthen ponds
and normal and pathogenic bacteria were identified using staining techniques. Pseudomonas and Aeromonas
species were found more prevalent. Further identifications and pathogenicity test for these experiments are in
progress.

Ornamental fish (Brooders and fry)

LIVESTOCK RESEARCH STATION

Regular Farm management and research support activities:

Livestock Research Station (LRS) is maintaining a herd of 170 large buffaloes and cattle at NARC Islamabad.
The station not only serves as a demonstration site but also provides support to the research activities of the
Animal Sciences Institute. This year LRS installed a milk chiller of 1000 litre capacity and also milking
machine for cows and buffaloes. Following table explains the sale of animals, milk and fodder. Besides the
routine farm management activities including vaccination and deworming of animals, fodder production, and
animal treatment, following projects were supported by LRS:
? FMD Vaccine Matching Studies USDA Project of the Animal Health Program.
? Persistence of FMDV in Buffaloes USDA Project of the Animal Health Program.
? Effect of different level of soybeans in concentrate on growth performance and wool production of
Angora rabbits.
? Effect of Rumen Yeast supplementation on nutrient digestibility, milk yield and composition in dairy
buffaloes of the Animal Nutrition Program.

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Development of Open Nucleus Breeding Scheme for Nili Buffalo and Sahiwal Cows at LRS
A project was initiated to develop an open nucleus herd at LRS. In this regard, a group of 20 Nili/ Nili-Ravi
buffaloes and 10 Sahiwal cows were purchased and the animals were housed at LRS for production
performance recording and monitoring for future selection and propagation. All buffaloes have calved for
second time at LRS. Out of 9 Sahiwal cows, 8have calved for second time. The average daily milk yield ranges
from 6 litre to 9 litres per day based on lactation stage. Blood samples for 3 target genes related to milk yield and
quality were collected, processed and results are given below:
The animals of Nili Ravi buffaloes were found to be monomorphic for k-CN BB genotype, while
polymorphism was found in Sahiwal cattle in the form of AA and AB genotypes, the frequency of allele A was
higher than B allele. No BB genotype was detected in Sahiwal cattle possibly because of very low frequency of
this genotype in cattle breed of Bosindicus type. Owing to their relationship to a higher protein and cheese yield,
it is desirable to have increased k-CN allele B and genotype BB frequencies in dairy herd. This can be achieved
by selecting animals with the k-CN AB genotype and crossing them with one another so as to get more BB
genotype progeny.
Buffaloes were found homozygous for â-Lactoglobulin (â-LG) genotypes BB. While in cattle genotypes AB
and BB were found. Frequency of allele B was higher in cattle breeds than allele A.
Nili Ravi buffaloes and Sahiwal cattle were found to be homozygous for allele A of Leptingene. B allele of k-
CN and â-LG milk proteins while A allele of Leptin were recognized as superior for milk production traits in the
literature and were also found to be high in the studied population of Nili Ravi buffaloes and Sahiwal cattle.

NATIONAL REFERENCE LABORATORY FOR POULTRY DISEASES (NRLPD)

The National Reference Lab for Poultry Diseases is recognized as an apex Lab for Avian Disease Diagnosis at
national as well as International level. The laboratory is also designated as Regional Leading Diagnostic
Laboratory (RLDL) for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) for SAARC countries by FAO of United
Nations. The laboratory has been internationally accredited for ISO/IEC 17025:2005 by Pakistan National
Accreditation Council (PNAC), Islamabad.

Extension of diagnostics to the referral Samples received from the field:

?The lab has provided nation-wide referral diagnosis for avian diseases. In this regard, 4708 samples
(serum=2428, swabs= 406, tissues=1830, and environmental samples = 44) were processed and 153
isolations/detections (AIV H9N2, NDV, IBV, ALV and ILTV, CAV, APV, MG, MDV ORT, Atroviruses,
MDV)were established. In this way 178 farmers were served.
?NRLPD scientists won international fellowships awards in recognition of excellent research in the area
of avian diseases and presented the research work in China, and USA.
?Differential diagnosis was provided for Reo, CAV, ALV, AAV, ILTV, ORT, APV, MG, MS, ILTV,
Pasteurella, and Marek's Disease.
?Standardized differential diagnosis for Chicken anemia virus and Mycoplasma.
?3 PhD and 4 M.Phil students provided research facilities at NRLPD.
?60 internees and students were trained from UAWMS Uthal, BZU Multan, UAF, COMSATS, NIP,
SAUT, IUB
?A delegation from Dubai visited NRLPD. The visits resulted in the lifting of ban from Pakistan's poultry
for its export to Dubai.

Poultry diseases diagnosis

Development and validation of diagnostic techniques for monitoring of novel emerging Highly
Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8:
Salient achievements:
? Diagnostics (molecular and serological) were standardized for the AIV H5N8
? For surveillance, approximately 171 poultry farms/LBM were screened for presence of AIV-H5N8.
? 28 poultry farms, 6 house hold backyard and 14 LBM shops with high mortality and suspected for AIV
H5N8 were specially screened through isolation HI, ELISA and molecular tests (RT-PCR and real-time

26
 RT-PCR).
?1162 samples (711 tissues and 451 swabs) were received and subjected to isolation or identification of
AIV H5N8 through Virus Isolation and RT/real-time RT-PCR
?1316 serum samples received and serologically analysed out which some samples were positive for
seroconversion against AIVH5.
?Seroconversion against AIV H5 was recorded in some areas.
?No isolation or identification of AIV H5 was recorded.
?The lab strived to achieve Bird Flu-free status of Pakistan since July 2008 which still remains valid at
international level.

Biological and Molecular Characterization of Avian Pathogens

Salient Achievements:
? Six AIV-H9N2 isolates were sequenced for HA genes.
? Eight H9N2 isolates were biologically characterized for pathogenic potential through IVPI with a range
of 0.0-0.12 (low pathogenic).
? Eight IBV isolates were sequenced for Spike (S) gene (1=M-41 strain like and 1= 793B like).
? Characterized 92 E.coli isolates by biological and biochemical tests and their anti-biogram
determination completed.
? Significant antimicrobial resistance found in some of E.coli isolates.
? Field isolates of avian adenovirus 4 & 8 were propagated in whole embryo fibroblast primary cell culture.
Moreover beta neutralization method has been also been employed for virus purification.
? Conducted Tissue dissemination study for IBV.
? Challenge study against AAV-8 was performed. Conducted experiment regarding the production of
Hyper immune sera against H9N2 in SPF chicks.
? Conducted experiment regarding Immunosuppression agent affects in Adeno positive birds.

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 Social Sciences
The Social Sciences Division is one of the four technical Divisions of PARC. The SSD has its satellite research
institutes at provincial and federal levels and one each at AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan. The main objective of these
research institutes was to carry out research on socio economic aspect at grass root level of farmers. The other
objective is to deal with necessary information for policy formulation and reforms. During the financial year
2016-17, the SSRIs worked on over 20 research studies falling in various research themes of the Division. Some
of these are finalized while the others are at various stages of their execution. In the following paragraphs, some
of the completed studies with their respective themes are briefly described.

I. Satellite Social Sciences Research Institutes

Mungbean as Catch Crop for Dryland Systems in Pakistan and Uzbekistan: A Situational Analysis
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) is a hardy early-maturing legume that can be used as a catch crop in the
wheat and rice systems of South and Central Asia. To facilitate increased production, this study surveyed 681
Mungbean growers and non-growers in areas of Pakistan and Uzbekistan where there is potential for expansion.
Low seed quality and a low farmer awareness of the effect of Mungbean on soil fertility were identified as
common constraints. In Pakistan, pests and diseases are major constraints while low market demand is
particularly a problem for farmers in Uzbekistan. Farm households were found to have little knowledge of the
health benefits from Mungbean consumption. It is therefore a priority to give farmers access to quality seed of
improved varieties and to combine this with value chain development in Uzbekistan while promoting the
benefits of Mungbean to soil quality, incomes and human nutrition.

Interview with mungbean farmer

Economic Analysis of Selected Tunnel Vegetables in Punjab-Pakistan

This study focused on the estimation of economics of three tunnel vegetables i.e. Green chili, Capsicum and
Cucumber in Okara, Sahiwal, Sheikhupura and Gujranwala districts of Punjab i.e. The findings of the study
provide information to farmers, policy makers, public and private sectors and those involved in agriculture
development, regarding profits obtained from offseason vegetables, for future planning.
These vegetables were found grown in Walk-in tunnels(52percent) followed by Low height tunnels (18.5
percent), both high & low tunnels (14.8 percent), and mixed tunnels (walk-in, low and high types) as 11 percent.
About 52 percent farmers were using steel for construction of tunnel, 30 percent were using bamboo and 18
percent used both steel and bamboo.
The total cost of cultivating Capsicum in the Punjab was Rs.282, 000 per acre with average yield as 427 bags of
25 kg per acre, earning gross income amounting Rs.358, 000 per acre. The net- income with and without land
rent were Rs.88, 000/acre and Rs.112, 000/acre, respectively. The benefit-cost ratio with and without land rent
was 1:1.27 and 1:1.39 respectively. In case of green chilies, the total cultivation was Rs. 292, 000 per acre with
average yield of 467 bags of 30 kg per acre and gross income as Rs.366, 000 per acre. The net-incomes with and
without land rent were Rs.85, 800/acre and Rs.110, 000/acre respectively. The benefit-cost ratios with and
without land rent for green chilies were 1:1.25 and 1:1.36, respectively. Turning to cucumber, its cost of
production was estimated as Rs.358, 000 per acre at average yield of 750 bags of 50 kg per acre, giving gross
income as Rs.391, 000 per acre. The net-incomes with and without land rent were Rs.49, 000/acre and Rs.74,
000/acre, respectively. The benefit-cost ratios with and without land rent for were 1:1.09 and 1:1.17,
respectively.
The foremost problems in tunnel vegetable production were high cost of tunnel technology attributed to high
input costs. The major steps needed to improve vegetable production in tunnels include increase the
understanding of farmers about appropriate use of inputs and new vegetable production technologies. More
appropriate management practices can improve inputs' use efficiency leading to lowering cost of production.

Market Linkages for Value added Products of Dates and Banana: Post-Harvest Management and Value
Addition of Fruits in Production Catchments of SAARC Countries (Pakistan Component)
Processing and value addition of fruits is long desired concept implemented in SAARC countries through a

28
project titled “Post-harvest Management and value addition of fruits in production catchments in SAARC
Countries” by PARC is part of the implementation with selection of dates and banana as fruit catchments. Social
Sciences Research Institute (SSRI) NARC was mandated to conduct market linkages analysis of value added
products. SSRI, NARC staff conducted a study and tried to develop a value chain model to support the
economic activities that reduces post-harvest losses and leading to better opportunities and returns to the
producers in various Village Organizations (VOs) in particular and growers in general. The existing and
potential supply chain actors were identified and invited in the market linkages workshop organized in the
facility established under the project. The traditional marketing systems were consisted of few commission
agents control marketing with long chain of market intermediaries. Lack of cold chain facilities bounds the
farmers to sell banana immediately after harvest often results in low return to the growers. The survey results
revealed that there are large seasonal fluctuations in supply and prices of banana in the project area making
farmers' incomes low and instable. By adopting value added technology introduced by the project, the banana
grower shall have other marketing options like supplying to the processor or own processing leads to better
returns and reduced price fluctuations. The survey revealed that demand for snack foods is increasing.
Examining marketing system of the food snakes unveiled that some local manufacturers work without
distributors and supply to retailers and wholesalers directly. Initially it is economical to focus on local sale
channels by using VOs platforms. Collective marketing by VO through a representative yield better results and
return. Local dates processors and retailers at nearby project area become a market for banana value added
products. It seems difficult to engage modern retail chains at the initial stage due to scale constraints, lack of
marketing experience of the VOs. It is most appropriate that the link established in the marketing workshop
should be strengthen through good business relations consistent supply and maintained quality of the products.
School and college canteens are another option for marketing of value added products i.e. banana chips. There is
one option of selling the value added products at local festivals. To tap into the opportunities and to address the
challenges in a systematic manner it is essential to work jointly with various stakeholders including government
departments, the private sector and the operators of this particular value chain. The value chain development
model for value added products conceptualized in the market linkages study it is hope that transforming
traditional farming and marketing system into direct linking farmers to modern retail sector should have
significant impact and benefits on the production catchments. There is need to provide timely and proper
technical backup to the village organizations to maintain the quality and supply of the value added products. To
increase the products acceptance there is need to introduce many flavors in banana chips like sweet and salty
etc. Promoting the consumption of banana value added products (advertising, packing sizes, designs, flavors,
nutrition information, manufacturing and expiry dates, etc.) as healthy food along with maintain its quality is
also needed. Intensify sales.

Position of Agriculture in Livelihood Strategies of Rural Youth in Punjab

In Pakistan youth comprises nearly one-third of the population. It is generally perceived that rural youth is
relatively more frustrated regarding their future in agriculture. These frustration further increases in marginal,
small sized farming and landless households as they also possess low financial capital and poor human capital.
It is quite likely that youth from such households shall have poor start even if they are migrated to urban areas in
search of better livelihood opportunities. The present study is aimed at getting feedback of rural youth about
how they are planning their futureby living in their villages, leaving the villages or some combination of
employment in both the rural and urban settings. The study in hand was conducted in mixed cropping, rice-
wheat, cotton-wheat and rain-fed and desert ecologies (both Thal and Cholistan) of Punjab and covers both
farming and landless households.
Overall, about 25 percent sample rural youth was from landless households and engaged livestock farming plus
working as farm labor. The remaining 75 percent was from farming household marginal, small and medium
sized having reasonable representation of all farming community. In total 600 rural youth was selected as
sample for the present study. The mean education level of the rural youth was more than 8 years of schooling.
The rural youth from mixed cropping and rain-fed zones were relatively more educated than other zones. Wheat
was the major rabi crop in the cropping pattern as it occupies more than 54 percent of the total farm area. Rabi
fodder (Barseem) follow by sugarcane and rabi vegetables were the other important crops of the season. Rice
was the major kharif crop followed by sugarcane and millet as other important crops of the season.Access to
primary and elementary education institutions was generally good as these were located at with 0.5 to 6
kilometer, however, secondary schools were present at 2 to 16 Km. College and vocational education was
available at tehsil and district levels and were are more distant places in desert and rain-fed zones.
Financial capital included all sources of income of the family. The average annual household income of sample
families was Rs.530, 000 with significant variation across zones. Farming followed by other sources like
business, shops, labour and etc. were its major components. Remittances from abroad, job (private &
government), remittances from other cities were the other important sources of financial capital of the rural
youth families. About one fourth of the rural youth reported dis-satisfaction with current livelihood activities.
Low returns and less pay were the main economic factors for dis-satisfaction over current livelihood activities.
On social factors side, government job is better regarded than other jobs. Low quality jobs are serious hurdles in
social status in the society as well as crate problems in mate selection for marriage leading to dis-satisfaction on

29
village's life. According to rural youth financial capital followed by physical capitals are important for opting
future livelihood strategies as 67.2 and 18.6 percent of the respondents respectively reported these capitals key
for the future livelihood.
Among jobless rural youth, first option for future livelihood activities in priority order was: government job as
first priority (43%) followed by own business (19.2%), going abroad (15.8%), private job (12.5%) and farming
(6%). These statistics shows the discouraging trend of rural youth towards agriculture as their future profession
for livelihood. Regarding second priority, the priority order was: own-business followed by going abroad,
private job, agriculture and livestock farming. Again, agriculture/livestock farming falls a lowest position in
their 2nd priority options.
Probing on the underlying factors revealed that majority (71.8 %) considers their own perceptions for selecting
future livelihood followed by discussion with relatives and success stories of the villagers, respectively. The
future plans of majority of the respondents (94.20%) were in line with their parents' desiresand remaining were
different from their families. In ranking analysis, government job stood at 1st position followed by own
business/shopkeeper in 2ndorder in the priority, going abroad as 3rd and private job in industrial sector as 4th.
Agriculture and livestock farming came at last in ranking. In conclusion, rural youth is least in farming as future
livelihood option.

Living Status of Coastal Communities in Sindh: Future Challenges and Opportunities

This study was based on primary data collected as baseline socioeconomic profile as well as the status of human
and natural resources of farm households in coastal areas of Sindh Province. Three major livelihood strategies
were found in study area. Majority (52%) of households were involved in fishing along with agriculture
followed by 28% doing fishing along with farming labour and 20% as fishing only. The average family size was
13.83 per household with male-female composition as 7.39 male and 6.43 female per household and non-
significant different across household of different livelihood groups. The illiteracy among adults and lack of
interest in educating the children was observed in the area. For instance, almost all females (99 percent) and
83% males were illiterate; while 62 percent boys and 81 percent of girls were not attending school. About health
services, 49 percent household reported about the presence of BHU/RHC, 20 percent told about private clinics
and only 11 percent about government hospitals. Majority of BHU/RHC were located at the distance of 1-10
kilometers. Majority of the respondents (82%) found living in huts orjhonpras and 17% had earth-made houses.
Because of location of sample villages at the tail end of irrigation system, the primary source of drinking water
were the water courses. The survey results shows that majority of the rural households do not have formal toilets
and they practice open space defecation. All the houses have either no sewerage system or open drains.
The average monthly income of the households having fishing-cum-agriculture as livelihood strategy was
Rs.28,768/- followed by those as fishing-cum-farm labor and lowest as fishing only, i.e. Rs.19955/- per month.
Income from fishing constitute major share in total household income, like 70% from fishing, 21% from
agriculture and 5% from labour and 4% from livestock. On expenditure side, major proportion of household
income is spent on food (52%) followed by motor cycle as transport (11%), health (8%), clothing etc. (7%),
education (4%), electricity (4%) and phone (2%).Fish with rice is regular part of the diet of the respondents of
the area as on average an adult found obtaining 2275 to 2490 calories from. On per capita calorie consumption
basis, poverty prevalence was 67 percent in households involved only in fishing, 59 percent in household
engaged in fishing-cum-farm labor and 48 percent in fishing-cum-agriculture.
During the survey, it was found that majority (about 98 percent) of respondents were of the view that LBOD
project caused negative impacts on their livelihood as they were earning better before LBOD project. They
were safe from floods/less fear of flood. Their livestock and houses were safe. They had more fish to catch and
more species, and the water was also sweet. The financial position of communities was generally better, and
there was more employment. In general, there was more greenery and trees, clean environment and less spread
of diseases.

Baseline profiling of farmers in Sindh

Economic Viability of Selected Technologies Promoted Under Soil Fertility and Soil Health Project in
Pakistan
There are several potential technologies developed at various research institutions/universities in Pakistan.
Adoption of these technologies promotes sustainable soil management along with improvement in farm

30
productivity. USDA sponsored a project on “Soil Fertility and Soil Health in Pakistan” executed by ICARDA's
Pakistan office through various institutions in Pakistan. Under this project Land Resources Research Institute,
NARC promoted the use of Biozote for increasing wheat, rice and groundnut yield. Biozote enhances soil
productivity though fixing atmospheric nitrogen, Solubilizing phosphorous, controlling root pathogen and
synthesizing plant growth promoting substances. Similarly, Soil Fertility Research Institute (SFRI), Lahore
campaigned on using micro-nutrients in citrus orchards and vegetables grown in tunnels. Agricultural &
Biological Engineering Institute (ABEI), NARC manufactures and promoted the use of Pak Seeder to manage
the rice residues after its mechanical harvest and to plant wheat by zero-tillage drill. Social Sciences Research
Institute (SSRI), NARC provided feedback on these technologies demonstrated under the project by
conducting economic viability and diffusion potential analyses. Micronutrient technology for citrus orchards
was demonstrated at six sites (4 in Sargodha; 2 in Toba Tek Singh) in the year 2015-16. Use of the technology
was demonstrated at 13 vegetable farms (5 chilies farmers in Sheikhupura and Gujranwala, 3 cucumber farmers
in Sheikhupura, Gujranwala and Sahiwal, 3 bell paper farmers in Okara and 2 bottle gourd growers in
Gujranwala) in year 2014-15 and 2015-16. Use of Biozote for wheat crop was demonstrated at 20 sites (10 in
Chakwal and 10 in rice-wheat zone). In citrus orchards, Zinc, Iron and Boron were applied as micro nutrients to
the soil at the rate of 100, 75 and 25 grams per tree before flowering i.e. in February-March. In vegetables, Zinc,
Copper, Iron and Boron were applied at the rate of12.5, 3.75, 2.5 and 2.5 kg per hectare, respectively.In citrus,
there was thirteen percent increase in fruit production per tree attributed to better fruit setting, more number of
fruits per tree(from 550 to 619) and hence more fruit yield per tree (80kg to 92 kg). Improved quality of produce
also led 10 percent increase in fruit price.The use of one kg micro-nutrients resulted into a partial benefit-cost of
5.71. Similarly, very encouraging results were obtained for micro-nutrients use in chilies, cucumber, bottle
gourd, bell paper production.
Use of Biozote was demonstrated under irrigated conditions in Chakwal district and rice-wheat zone of Punjab.
Average wheat yield on demonstrated farms with and without using Biozote was 4.61 and 5.11 tons/ha --- an
increase of 0.5 tons/ha. Cost of Biozote application per hectare was only Rs.1556 per hectare leading to an
increase of gross revenues by Rs.14375 (provided that the soil has sufficient amount of organic matter). There is
a need for wider dissemination and demonstration of economically viable technologies like micro-nutrients and
biozote for their rapid adoption. However, Biozote is a fragile product and requires cold chain to maintain its
viability during transport and marketing, which may make it little more costly for existing inputs dealers.
Further research work on the diffusion potential and economic viability of Biozote and micro-nutrients
marketing system is needed as ex-ante exercise

Feasibility Analysis of Drip Irrigation in Citrus Orchards of Muzaffargarh District

Irrigation water is gradually becoming scarce in the world, therefore, agricultural R&D institutions are giving
relatively more attention to the development of water saving and more water productive technologies. Under
the 5-year (2007-2012) project for water conservation and productivity enhancement, high efficient irrigation
systems were installed all over Pakistan. The drip irrigation system was installed at 163,761 acres and sprinkler
irrigation on 127,488 acres with a cost of Rs.18 billion. Evidence from various projects showed that by the
adoption of properly designed and managed drip irrigation systems; the water-use efficiency has increased up to
100%. Drip irrigation system is more efficient in desert, arid and semi-arid ecologies. In this background,
present study was conducted in Muzaffargarh District of Punjab where citrus growers are gradually shifting
from traditional basin irrigation to drip system in their orchards.
Average size of operational holding was 162 acres which reflects that such farmers belonged to landlord
category of farmers. Citrus orchards were introduced in Muzaffargarh district couple of years before and hence
the orchards were in early stages of growth. Drip irrigation technology was introduced 21 months ago. Average
drip irrigation system establishment cost was estimated as Rs.61570/acre including 57% subsidy from
government. Majority of the farmers (85%) viewed that drip irrigation is a better technology than the traditional
open flooded and furrow irrigation methods. The adopters of technology were earning 35% more revenue from
crops in a season as compared to non-adopters. The monetary gains may be attributed to inputs-savings i.e. 77%
from water applications by drip, 50% pesticides and 45% from less use of fertilizers when applied through drip
emitters (known as Fertigation Technique).
Nearly one-fourth of the (23%) ranked drip irrigation as a high-cost technology and further opined that this
technology is only suitable for large farms to raise commercial crops. Similarly, respondents viewed practicing
of intercropping in orchards as difficult under drip irrigation technology. Last but not least, respondents
demanded quality material of drip system as well as assurance of proper after-sale services as they lack
maintenance technicians in their areas.

II. Agriculture Poly-technique Institute (API), NARC

In the era of Science and Technology, advancement in the knowledge of agriculture is being impetus with the
imparted information. To keep abreast of farming communities and other stakeholders about these advances,
Agriculture Poly-technique Institute (API), NARC, Islamabad organizes trainings for human resource
development. The research findings/technologies generated at PARC/NARC and other research institutes of
the country are simplified for general awareness and education of the farmers, rural women, extension workers,

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NGOs, students, development organizations and general public through agricultural extension activities, i.e.,
trainings. Agricultural exhibitions, exposure/study visits and field days. API also provides research and
internship opportunities to the students of different universities of Pakistan. Students are placed in different
programs at NARC related to their subject and work on specific problems. They submit a technical report at the
end of their research and internship period. Solution oriented collaboration and coordination of API with
farmers and other organizations working in rural areas provide a feedback system for agriculture researchers
and extension workers.

Achievements
a) Need Based Trainings and Workshops Organized
To arrange trainings and workshops is one of the main activities of API. Every year, on the request of various
donning agencies, several need-based trainings and workshops are arranged on different areas of agriculture
and livestock. These training and workshops help update knowledge of different stakeholders about the latest
advances being made in the field of agriculture and livestock. 29 trainings and workshops were arranged on
different issues of agriculture and livestock management during the year 2016-17.

b) Skill DevelopmentProjects
In addition to arrangement of the above given trainings and workshops, the following training projects were
also runat APIto train and update knowledge of different clientele groups:
? Capacity Development of Agriculture Extension Services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (JICA-
PSDP Project)
? Skill Development of the Farmers of Balochistan (SDFB)

Capacity Development of Agriculture Extension Services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (JICA-

PSDP Project)
Under thisproject 34 Agricultural Officers, 150 Field Assistants were trained followed by follow up workshops
to review and learn for improving future planning.
c) Development of Training Material
? Developed and distributed 125,000 copies of pamphlet on “Wheat Cultivation” to support KP Province
Program
? Developed Project Newsletter Volume 1 & 2 and issued 1,200 copies of each
? 125,000 copies of Pamphlet on “Wheat Weed Control” (to be ready by January 2016) are under
development
? Field Note is under development, which is easy to carry as a reference book for FA, for identification of
around 80 major pest and diseases
? Reference book for AO/ FA in Urdu (Volume 1: Cereal Crops, Volume 2: Vegetables) and Volume 3:
Fruitsis under development
? Provided 77 sets of Pruning Kit to KP province, Model Farm Service Centers (MFSC) and Agriculture
Circle Offices

d) RADP Sub-project on “Skill Development of the Farmers of Balochistan”

This project aimed at providing experiential training to the farmers of Balochistan for improving agricultural
productivity on sustained bases. During the report period under this project, 669 farmers were trained in three
training batches.

Field Assistants Training at NARC Agriculture Officers Training at NARC

III. DIRECTORATE OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION

Directorate of Scientific Information continued acquiring, processing, storage and dissemination of
agricultural research and development information.

PARC Website
PARC Website (www.parc.gov.pk) developed in 1998 and formally inaugurated in August 2000 is being
maintained and updated regularly. The major contents of website includes: Functions, Research Divisions,

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Research Establishments, Research Institutes, Research Coordination, Agricultural Maps, Publications,
Information Services, Announcements, PARC Databases, Senior Staff, Related Sites, On-line Journals, Guest
Book, Urdu Section, Agro-forum, Organizational Chart, News and Events, PIASA, ALP, RADP, PATCO etc.
Website is regularly updated based on the information provided by different Centres, Institutes, Directorates
and Programs of PARC. New information is uploaded in the form of web pages. Information in “News and
Events”, Announcements, Jobs, Tenders, Picture Gallery, and Popular Articles was uploaded on daily basis
while Databases are updated on quarterly basis. During 2017-2018 information from almost all
centres/institutes/programs was collected and updated on the website besides updating Telephone and E-mail
Directories. PARC new proformas, seniority lists and BOG minutes of the meetings, News Flash, Tenders,
Announcements, Image Flicker, Photo Gallery Jobs and Auctions were regularly updated. Three new Modules
“Interviews of Chairman, PARC”, 140th Birthday of Quaid-e-Azam and “Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Herbarium” were created. Redesigning of PARC Website using latest tools and techniques for making it
dynamic and user's friendly is under process.

PARC Website Home Page Agriculture Database of Pakistan

Pakistan Agriculture Database

For facilitating scientific community in review of Pakistan literature 2492 new records were added to
abstracting data base” Pakistan Agriculture Database” which thus holds a total 90,000(+) records with its access
on internet under PARC website.

Input to AGRIS database of FAO

Information of 1258 Pakistani published agricultural research articles/documents were shared with
international scientific community by sending input of FAO AGRIS database.

Data Input to AGRIS NARC Library

NARC Library
109 new books/documents and 276 journal issues were added to library stock. Library has started building
digital collections and during the year, 486 books/documents were added in digital library. 118 requests for
literature search received throughout Pakistan were entertained and 13,574 abstracts/ references supplied.

Union Database of Journals in Agriculture Libraries of Pakistan

Internet based union database of journals in agricultural libraries containing information of 3024
journal/magazine titles with available volumes and issues in 36 libraries was updated with 418 new
volumes besides its updation by participating libraries. 118 reprints were supplied to foreign
agencies/scientists and 78 to local scientists.

Photographic Services
DSI is also providing scientific and functional photographic services to the scientists and managers of
PARC/NARC and its establishments. Photographs are prepared for field/lab experiments and important
events. This also includes coverage of seminars, workshops, meetings, conferences, visits, etc. 6,837
photographs were prepared and 123 events were covered during the year 2016-2017.

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 Union Database of Journals scientific and functional photographic

Digital Archive of PARC Research and Scholarly Work

For digital preservation of PARC and PARC scientist's publications and making it accessible on internet
Directorate of Scientific Information created “Digital Archive of PARC Research and Scholarly Work” with the
financial support of Research for Agricultural Development Program (RADP). The repository is developed
using common standards and best practices to ensure its wide accessibility and retrieval/navigation in simple
form to facilitate the users. The repository includes current publications and previous publications International
metadata standards, data exchange protocol and agricultural vocabularies and thesauri especially AGROVOC
and AGRIS standards were used for cataloguing, classification and indexing, etc. Repository is not only helping
in improving the accessibility, availability and use of PARC research outputs by researchers, research managers
and farmers but also facilitate its preservation for future generation The Archive presently contain about 7850
full text publications which can be accessed online through PARC website (www.parc.gov.pk)

Digital Archive of PARC Research and

Scholarly Work

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 Agricultural Engineering
The division's main thrust remained to design, develop, adapt and promote energy-efficient precision
agricultural machinery with a particular focus on introduction of energy-efficient farm mechanization
technologies for cereal, fruits, vegetables and other crops. Division is also playing an important role of
coordination among the stakeholders related with promotion of agricultural mechanization in the country. The
division is also exploring and utilizing solar thermal energy for drying of dates and banana value addition in
production catchment areas of Sindh and Balochistan besides providing technical inputs for development of
National Standards for agricultural tractors & machinery and establishing facilities for testing of agricultural
machinery.

Ispaghol and Kalongi Processing Technology

Ispaghol (Psyllium) and Kalongi (Nigella sativa) processing technologies are being developed under an ALP
funded project titled as 'Development and Commercialization of Ispaghol (Psyllium) and Kalongi (Nigella
Sativa) Processing Technologies for Value Addition' at Agricultural and Biological Engineering Institute
(ABEI), NARC. Two new machines i.e. air classifier/cleaner for Ispaghol and Kalongi thresher were designed,
developed and successfully pretested at ABEI Prototype Workshop.
Ispaghol seed was processed on experimental basis. The Honorable Federal Minister for National Food
Security and Research (MNFS&R), Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan Bosan along with honorable Senator Zafar
Ullah Khan Dhandla visited ABEI, NARC and witnessed the performance of these newly developed machines,
especially Ispaghol processing technology.

Sugarcane Crusher
For implementing the decision of 37th BOG meeting of PARC, a new six-roller farm level sugarcane crusher
was designed and developed by ABEI under RADP project. The newly developed six-roller sugarcane crusher
was tested and evaluated at farmer's field in Swabi areas during February 2017 with an encouraging
performance. The sugarcane crusher was operated by a 30-HP diesel engine. It is a trolley mounted mobile unit
for ease of operation in the field.
The technology was demonstrated to scientists, farmers, sugarcane growers, manufactures at ABEI, NARC.
The Honorable Federal Minister for Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Sardar Sikandar Hayat
Khan Bosan was the Chief Guest at this event. More than 100 participants including scientists, farmers,
manufacturers and other stakeholders participated in this special event of demonstration of new version of
sugarcane crusher.

Ispaghol air classifier/cleaner Kalongi stationary thresher

Demo of air seed classifier

Pak Seeder
This is a technology for direct drilling of wheat in combine-harvested paddy field. The machine has been
fabricated and is being commercialized under ICARDA-USDA funded project: “Improving soil fertility and
soil health through demonstration and dissemination of best management practices for farmers”.

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 Pak seeder in field operation.
The issue behind developing this technology was that of the small turnaround time between paddy harvesting
and wheat sowing and high cost of wheat drilling. The Figure showed the Pak Seeder in field operation at
farmers' field. Some key advantages of using this technology include:
Timely sowing of wheat; line sowing increases yield; higher seed germination (19%) in heavy mulched fields as
compared with the broadcast method as the temperature remains moderate at night under heavy residue. The
population of weed was less than 5% per square meter as compared with 23% in farmers' practiced method. The
average yield was 480 kg/acre higher than the farmers' practice.Net saving is Rs.2000/acre besides saving in
irrigation water and reduction in environmental pollution.

Demonstration of improved version of sugarcane crusher at ABEI, NARC

Wood Chipper Shredder

The fabrication of locally designed and developed tractor PTO operated wood chipper shredder was completed
in collaboration with an agricultural machinery manufacturer (Figure 6). The unit was tested for processing of
trimmed branches of different trees and trimmed Falsa sticks at NARC, Islamabad in coordination with the
Directorate of Farm Operation and Services (FO&S). Detailed field testing and evaluation process of the
machine is shown in was shown in following figures. The average machine shredding capacity, machine
efficiency, fuel consumption and labour requirement were recorded to be 502 kg/h, 88%, 2.55 L/h & 3.44 man-
hours, respectively. The total estimated operational cost of machine was found to be Rupees 564 per hour of
machine operation.

Operation of wood chipper

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 Field testing and performance evaluation of prototype wood chipper shredder unit at NARC

BIO-WASTE FURNACE
PARC has designed and developed a low-cost, energy-efficient and economical bio-waste furnace for thermal
application in Agriculture (Figure 8). Wood, wood chips, coal, corn cobs, cotton stalks, forest wastes, solid
waste and animal waste may be used as feeding material. This furnace is suitable for drying of grain, fruit,
vegetables and green house heating. It maintains temperature between 0-1000 oC its fuel loading capacity is 50
kg/batch for about 5-6 hours. Its power requirement is 1 HP (fan + blower). The efficiency of this furnace is 55%
and its cost of operation is Rs. 100/h.

Bio-waste furnace unit during field testing

SDF PROJECT TITLED 'POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT AND VALUE ADDITION OF FRUITS

IN PRODUCTION CATCHMENTS IN SAARC COUNTRIES: PAKISTAN COMPONENT’

A SAARC Development Funded project entitled as 'Post-Harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits in
Production Catchments in SAARC Countries: Pakistan Component' is being implemented by the Directorate of
Post-harvest and Food Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Division, Pakistan Agricultural Research
Council, Islamabad at Khairpur and Sukkur districts which are famous for date and banana production in
Pakistan.

Field Day Seminars on Solar Dates Dryers

Field Day Seminars/demonstrations were organized at five locations of Solar Dates Dryers (Pano Aqil, Per Jo
Goth, Presale, Hayyat Solangi and Ali Bakhsh Hajano) in District Khairpur/Sukkur from 23rd July to
1stAugust, 2016. The objective of these field day seminars/demonstrations was to demonstrate these
technologies to the members of Village Organizations (VOs), local farmers, date growers, date processors,
agricultural machinery manufacturers and lined departments and for diffusion and adoption.
The major event was held at village Al-haj Muhammad Chuttal Bhand, Pir Jo Goth, Taluka Kingri, Khairpur on
28th July, 2016. The honorable Federal Minister for National Food Security and Research, Sardar Sikandar
Hayyat Khan Bosan was the chief guest of the event. More than three hundred growers, date processors,
members of village organizations, officials of agriculture extension, journalists and social workers attended the
field day.

Honorable Federal Minister NFS&R witnessing performance of solar-cum-gas fired dates dryer and
solar tunnel dates dryer at Pir Jo Goth, Khairpur, Sindh

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 Glimpses of demonstration of solar dates dryers in districts Sukkur/Kahirpur

Performance Evaluation of Solar Dates Dryers

During the dates harvesting season of July-August, 2016, all the dryers (five solar-cum-gas fired dates dryer and
five solar tunnel dates dryer) were operated on their full capacity and farmers/date growers were satisfied with
their performance. Field results of solar-cum gas fired date dryer revealed that the dates having wet weight of
600 kg were dried in four (04) days, and the seasonal capacity of dryer was 6 tons. Solar tunnel date dryer, dried
the dates having wet weight of 1000 kg in three (03) days, and the seasonal capacity of dryer was 12 ton. The
quality of dates, dried in solar dryers was better than open sun-dried dates and consequently fetched high price.
Dates dried in solar-cum-gas fired dates dryer and solar tunnel dryer were sold at Rupees 200,000/- and
150,000/- per ton, respectively. The cost of processing dates is Rs 22 per kg in case of solar-cum-gas fired dates
dryer and Rs 7 per kg in case of solar tunnel dates dryer.

Solar dried dates

Identification of Village Organizations (VOs) and Agreement Signing:

Keeping in view the results of solar dates dryers and need of dates drying technologies in the area, it was decided
to install three (03) Solar-Cum-Gas Fired Dates Dryers and twelve (12) Solar Tunnel Dates Dryers for
upcoming season. PARC scientists visited the sites of more than twenty (20) VOs in the District Khairpur and

123rd Inception workshop and agreement signing ceremony

38
Sukkur. Out of twenty VOs, fifteen were selected on the basis of their previous work and their interest in
participating in this innovative work.
Three VOs were selected for the installation of solar-cum-gas fired date dryers and twelve (12) VOs for solar
tunnel dates dryers. Before the installation of solar dryers, an agreement was signed between PARC and each
village organization. According to this agreement, these solar dryers will be installed at the premises of village
organizations, but PARC engineers will assist them in operation and maintenance till the project life, and every
member of VO can use these systems. The approval of agreement contents was taken from SDF and PARC
management.
The 3rd Inception Workshop and Agreement Signing Ceremony was held at AZRI Technology Field Station,
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's on 31st January, 2017 and PARC signed fifteen agreements with
the VOs. Figure 12 present snaps captured on this occasion.

Procurement and Installation of Solar Dates Dryers

Solar-cum-Gas Fired Dates Dryer and Solar Tunnel Dates Dryer significantly reduced the drying time and
improved the quality of dried dates. This year three solar-cum-gas fired date dryers and twelve solar tunnel
dates dryer are being installed. The procurement of solar cum-gas fired dates dryer has been completed and
solar tunnel dates dryer will be completed before the dates harvesting season 2017.

Solar-cum-gas fired dates dryer Solar tunnel dates dryer

Operation of Banana Value Added Facilities:

Under SDF Post-harvest Project, three Banana Value Addition Facilities (M. Acher Solangi, Pir Jo Goth and
Tehrhi) were established. Civil work of buildings and equipment procurement have been completed, and
handed over to the village organizations in November, 2016. These facilities were operational since December,
2016, and production of banana chips and figs has been started (Figure 15). After the installation of three phase
connection and standalone transformers, the production of banana flour will start.

Banana value addition facility at M. AcherSolangi, Khairpur

Training of Master Trainers on Banana Value Added Products:

Trainings of Masters Trainers (ToT) on banana value added products (chips and fig) were organized at three
locations (Kumb, Pir Jo Goth and Tehrhi) from 15 – 17 January, 2017. On each site, 10 persons were trained as
master trainers. Mr. AmerMumtaz, SSO, Food Science and Product Development Institute, National
Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, was deputed as resource person. Trainings of end-users group on

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banana value added products (chip and fig) were organized at three banana value addition facilities (Kumb, Pir
Jo Goth and Tehrhi) from 20 – 22 February, 2017.

Training on Food Safety Standards and HACCP

Training of end-users group of banana value added facilities on Food Safety Standards and HACCP were
organized at three sites (Kumb, Pir Jo Goth and Tehrhi) from 26 – 30 March, 2017. On each site, 30 personnel
were trained.
Possible market linkages for banana value added products with stakeholders in Sindh were discussed. Existing
and potential supply chain actors were identified and invited in market linkages workshop organized in one of
the facilities established under the project. The participants included agricultural engineers, food scientists
involved in the project activities, VO members, products processors, gift centers/store owners, food products
distributers, bakery owners and banana/dates growers.

Glimpses from Food Safety Trainings in Sindh

Impact Assessment of Solar Dates Dryers in Production Catchments

The impact assessment survey was carried out by Social Sciences Research Institute (SSRI) team during May,
2017. Sixty-five dates' growers were interviewed for data collection on solar dates' dryers and solar cum gas
date dryer products. Before formal survey, a pretesting of impact assessment questionnaire was undertaken to
incorporate necessary changes. 10 VOs' sites were randomly selected for data collection from districts Khairpur
& Sukkur, and data was collected regarding dates drying activities. Data editing and data entry work was
completed.

Glimpses of impact assessment from field in Sindh

Laboratory Equipment Maintenance & Repair Unit (LEMRU)

The Lab Equipment Maintenance & Repair Unit (LEMRU) is an essential technical support services at
National Agricultural Research Centre with the following objectives to provide repair & maintenance services
to research entities at NARC and ensure Hi-Tech instrumentation in working order; assistance in procurement
of proper research equipment during tender evaluation/ tender opening process; technical consultation with
Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA)for issuing Radio Frequency Spectrum License NARC for
installing a wireless walkie talkie system to strengthen security services; render hardware and software service
of computers and allied instruments like printers, monitors, scanners etc. and Provide support in the field of
glass blowing by rendering repair, designing and fabrication of glass instruments/ accessories used in scientific
research.

1 Electronics Repair Workshop Takes care of all types of research instruments

2 Glass Blowing Workshop Provides support for repair, designing and fabrication of
glass accessories used in research
3 Computer R epairs Computers and attachments

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 Planning and Development
The functions and activities of the Planning and Development Division stretch across three directorates i.e;
Competitive Grants and MOU Projects; Public Sector Development Program and Planning, Monitoring and
Evaluation. All the three directorates have distinct functions and responsibilities for which they strive to make
tangible outputs. The progress on each of these is explained in the proceeding sections.
Directorate of Competitive Grants and MoUProjects (CG&MoU)
The Directorate of Competitive Grants and MOU Projects (CG & MOU) is responsible for operation of
Agricultural Linkages Program (ALP) and appraisal/ processing of projects funding under memorandum of
understanding:

Activities
? Priority setting, invitation and processing of competitive grants and MoU projects for approval
? Processing of technical and financial reports of competitive grants projects.
? Arrange monitoring, review and evaluation of competitive grants projects and compile the technical and
financial reports;
? Undertaking project completion formalities (collection of financial, technical and final reports, arrange
audits, final budget settlement and transfer of equipments).

Agricultural Linkages Program (ALP)

The objectives of ALP is to promote and support agricultural research and development activities in accordance
with the Pakistan's long term development goals and to promote long term scientific cooperation between
Pakistan and the United States in agriculture sector.

Formulation and Appraisal of Projects

More than 1014 concept papers/ preliminary proposals received under 8th batch of ALP were evaluated through
appraisal committees and short listed 358 for development of details project proposals.

Processing and Approval of Projects

During the year July 2016 to June 2017, four meetings, two each of Board of Directors (BOD) of ALP and two
of Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) were convened. In the TAC meetings, 29 project proposals were
considered for final ranking and recommendation to the BOD. In BOD 24 projects were approved.

Project Implementation Agreements

The project implementation agreement in respect of 24 projects which were approved by the Board of Directors
were finalized and signed between PARC and host institutes after the budget allocation of projects and
negotiation with PIs as per BOD decisions and ALP criteria.

Implementation and Monitoring

During the report period from July 2016 to June 2017, fifty projects remained in operation throughout the
country in various research agricultural research centre/ institutes and universities. The issues relating to the
projects such as revision & re-appropriation of budget allocation, extension in duration, releases of funds,
honorarium of PIs, change of PIs and transfer of equipments etc were timely addressed for smooth
implementation of projects. The progress of the projects was regularly monitored through technical (mid years
& annual) and financial reports.

Tangible Objectives
?Processing of detail project proposals under 7th batch of ALP for approval of Technical Advisory
Committee and Board of Directors of ALP.
?Signing of project implementation agreement and initiation of 7th batch projects
?Priority setting of 8th batch.
?Invitation of proposals – announcement
?Short listing of proposal through appraisal committees
?Formulation of detail projects and appraisal
?Processing of projects for approval
?Monitoring and review/ evaluation of ongoing projects
?Completion formalities of ALP completed projects
?Arrange TAC and BOD meetings (agenda and working papers, minutes and follow-up actions)
?Preparation of reports and relevant information
?Inception workshop for PIs of newly approved ALP projects to inform PIs about administrative and
financial matter i.e. opening of project bank account, release and utilization of funds, record
maintenance, financial and technical progress reports format and schedule for submission etc.

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Realistic Targets
? The ongoing ALP projects will be completed hopefully to contribute in agricultural productivity and
provide base for further research on various issues.
? Meetings of TAC and BOD will be arranged each year for approval of projects and other policy issues
? Follow-up actions for finalization of completion formalities of completed projects.
? Efforts will continue to include the institutes of NARS in the program and further improve linkages in
relevant activities.

Directorate of Public Sector Development Program (PSDP)

The PSDP projects are the building blocks for any organization. These are based on national and sectoral
priorities in terms of their objectives, work plan, expected outputs, activities and impact on respective sector
and economy requirements. Directorate of PSDP of Planning & Development Division (P & D Div.) is
responsible for the processing of new projects submitted by PARC's scientists. Presenting and defending the
submitted projects for getting approval of respective forums i.e. DDWP, CDWP and ECNEC. Preparation,
presenting and defending budget demand for the forthcoming PSDP regarding on-going and new projects. After
final allocation to PARC projects in respective PSDP, Cash/Work Plan for each development project was
prepared as per approved budget to expedite the timely releases. Revision and extension in duration of on-going
projects was also processed and get approved for competent authority. Following assignments were conducted
by the Directorate of PSDP, P&D Division, PARC for the year 2016-17:

Preparation, Scrutiny, and Processing of New and modified Development Projects:

?Following new projects were prepared/scrutinized/processed with the M/o NFS&R and M/o Planning,
Development & Reforms for approval of competent authority/forum:
?Promoting Research for Productivity Enhancement in Pulses
?Research on Agri. Functional Genomics and Biotechnology
?National Surveillance Program for Avian Influenza and New Castle Disease in Pakistan
?Development of Improved Diagnostic Capacity for the Detection of Animal Pathogens at NARC,
Pakistan
?Establishment of a Mini-Slaughterhouse for Training and Demonstration at NARC
?National Program for conservation of Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) in Pakistan
?Development of Recombinant (Genetically Engineered) Avian Vaccines
?Investigation of Zoonotic Avian Pathogens for Improving Food Safety and Security
?Greenhouse Gases emission Role of Cropping Sector
?Skill Development of Livestock Farmers of Balochistan
?Establishment of Wool Testing Laboratories at Quetta & Karachi
?Strengthening of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Institute at NARC
?Strengthening of Mountain Agricultural Research Centre (MARC) Gilgit
?Up-Gradation of AZRI, Bahawalpur to the Level of AZRC
?Strengthening of Agricultural Research Institute, Jaffarabad
?Skill Development of Youth as Service Provider in Agriculture (SDYSPA)
?Establishment of Agriculture Research Institute, Barkhan at Rakhni, Balochistan
?Establishment of Citrus Development Board (CDB)

Project Proposals for JICA Assistance

The following project proposals with JICA prepared for onward submission to Economic Affairs Division
(EAD):
? Bio-Resources Conservation Center (BRCC)-Concept Note on “Conservation of Genetic Resources for
Food and Agriculture”
? Rehabilitation of pastures & small ruminants for communal uplift & livelihood improvement in post
security operations scenario of two affected agencies in FATA

APPROVAL OF SUBMITTED PROJECTS BY CDWP/DDWP/ECNEC

After submission of new/revised development projects to the M/o NFS&R, the projects are considered by
DDWP/CDWP/ECNEC as per total cost of respective project. During the reported period, PARC's projects
considered in different meetings of DDWP. Following six projects of PARC were considered in DDWP
meeting:
? Establishment of Livestock Research Institute, Turbat, Balochistan
? Aquafeed Production in Pakistan for Commercially Important Cultureable Fishes
? National Surveillance Program for Avian Influenza & Newcastle Disease in Pakistan (NaSPIN)
? Investigation of Zoonotic Avian Pathogens for Improving Food Safety and Security
? Kitchen Gardening - A way to Safe & Nutritious Vegetables
? Development of Clean and True to Type Fruit Plant Nurseries at National Level
The new project “Avian Influenza” was approved and other projects were deferred for submission to next
DDWP.

42
CDWP Meetings
The new project titled “Strengthening/Up-gradation of Agriculture and Livestock Research System of Arid
Zone Research Institute, Umerkot- Sindh” was considered in Pre-CDWP meeting chaired by the Secretary M/o,
Planning Development & Reform. It was decided that Govt. of Sindh may be taken on board with their request
to strengthen the institute. The present research institute may be strengthened to cater the needs of the area.
Allied research stations were not supported. The PI was advised to modify the PC-I as per decision of CDWP
meeting.
Following on-going/revised projects were considered in Pre-CDWP meeting:
? National Pesticide Residues Monitoring System in Pakistan
? Up-Gradation of Arid Zone Research Institute (AZRI) D.I. Khan to the Level of Arid Zone Research
Centre (AZRC) and Establishment of New Adaptive Research Cum Demonstration Institutes at WANA
(SWA), Miranshah (NWA), FATA, Tank and Matora, LakkiMarwat – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
? Agriculture Information Portal
? National Pesticide Residues Monitoring System in Pakistan
? Promotion of Olive Cultivation on Commercial Scale in Pakistan
As decided by Pre-CDWP meeting, the reply of observations was submitted for necessary improvement and
proper justification of revision. All the meetings of DDWP/CDWP were attended along with D.G. (P&D
Division) and Chairman PARC with all requisite information for presenting/defending the projects of PARC at
agenda of DDWP/CDWP meetings.

Issuance of Administrative Approvals and Extension

After approval of competent forum i.e. DDWP/CDWP, the Administrative Approvals and extension were
issued by M/o NFS&R. The same were circulated to stakeholders for execution of approved projects. The
Administrative Approvals of four projects were got issued during the report period.

PREPARATION OF PUBLIC SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (PSDP)

It is an annual exercise being conducted regularly as per direction of M/o National Food Security & Research
and M/o Planning, Development, and Reforms, GOP with the given schedule and format. All the Technical
Divisions and outside establishments of PARC were requested for new projects (if any) for inclusion in PSDP in
addition to on-going projects.
The budget demand for PSDP 2016-17 and projected budget for 2017-18 and 2018-19 was prepared in
consultation with the respective PDs/PIs of on-going projects, demand for new approved and new unapproved
projects was also made as per project documents. The same was submitted to the M/o NFS&R after approval of
Chairman PARC.
The meeting of Standing Committee of National Assembly on National Food Security & Research was held on
11th January, 2016 at PARC Headquarters to discuss/scrutinize budget proposals of the M/o NFS&R for PSDP
2016-17. The total 42 projects of PARC including 17 on-going and 25 new projects with a demand of
Rs.3803.909 million for PSDP 2016-17 were discussed in the meeting. All the submitted projects were
recommended by the Standing Committee with certain modifications in the projects.
Before presenting the budget to the parliament of Pakistan, allocation of PSDP 2016-17 was presented and
defended at all required forums i.e. Priority Committee meetings, Annual Plan Coordination Committee
(APCC) meetings, National Economic Council (NEC).
After completing all procedural channels, Parliament of Pakistan finally approved an allocation of Rs.1241.709
million in PSDP 2016-17 for sixteen (16) projects of PARC including fifteen (15) on-going and one (1) new
project.
After having final allocation in PSDP, Cash/Work Plan as per allocated budget to each project was prepared in
consultation with respective PDs/PIs and submitted to the Ministry of NFS&R, M/o Planning, Development &
Reforms and the Ministry of Finance accordingly.

REVISION OF ON-GOING PROJECTS IN PSDP 2016-17

Due to escalation in cost of civil works and lab./field equipments, respective PIs and PARC management
desired to revise following projects:
? Establishment of Livestock Research Institute, Turbat, Balochistan
? Strengthening of Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Bhawani, Hub, Lasbella
? Establishment of Horticulture Research Institute Khuzdar
? National Pesticide Residues Monitoring System in Pakistan
? Promotion of Olive Cultivation on Commercial Scale in Pakistan
? Aquafeed Production in Pakistan for Commercially Important Cultureable Fishes
? Kitchen Gardening - A way to Safe & Nutritious Vegetables
? Development of Clean and True to Type Fruit Plant Nurseries at National Level
? Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Summer Agricultural Research Station of PARC, Kagahan
All the nine projects were revised in consultation with respective PIs and concerned Technical Divisions of
PARC. The revised PC-Is of these projects were submitted to the M/o NFS&R for seeking approval of

43
competent forum i.e. DDWP/CDWP. The three (3) projects of Balochistan were approved by DDWP and all
other projects were deferred with some observations.

Tangible Objectives and Targets

?Preparation of research and development projects in collaboration with technical divisions/scientists of
PARC.
?Scrutiny and appraisal of research projects submitted by PARC scientists.
?Follow-up for preparation and finalization of 19 new research & development projects.
?This national level five years Business Plan 2013-18 was prepared in year 2013 with identification of
various issues highlighted by the Independent Third Party Evaluation of PARC, targets set and actors also
indicated with time frame in the fields of research management and coordination, policy reforms,
financial management and human resource development. The Plan is also in line with the 5 years
Development Plan of GOP.
?PARC Five Years Business Plan 2013-18 is under implementation and the Third Work Plan (2016-17) has
been prepared and printed under the guidelines and priorities set, and reforms agenda adopted by the
Plan.
?Many of the reforms agenda items have been taken up for implementation by different organs of PARC. It
is being used as source of guidance for developing annual work plan, projects, and collaborative
activities with NARS partners.
?The Business Plan document was reviewed periodically in order to see its implementation pace and
amount of work completed. It was noticed that the acceptance level has improved over the period of
second year and the scientists have become familiar and have started to understand its philosophy,
reforms agenda, priorities set and actions and activities required to be executed.
? It has also been cascaded into the PARC's Framework of Result Based Monitoring and Evaluation for
both making annual work plans and then monitoring and evaluation on the basis of targets set and
indicators developed for various research programs and units, etc.
?Processing of finalized projects with the M/o NFS&R Planning Commission for approval of appropriate
forum i.e. DDWP/ CDWP/ECNEC as per total cost of the projects.
?Preparation, processing, presenting, and defending for allocation of funds to on-going and new projects
in forthcoming PSDP.
?Follow-up for arranging PSDP funds to on-going and new approved projects of PARC.

Directorate of Planning, Monitoring & Evaluation (PM&E)

Introduction
Regular monitoring, review, evaluation and impact assessment are essential management practices which play
an imperative role in the successful implementation of projects and programs. Directorate of PM&E in
Planning & Development Division (P&D Div.), PARC is responsible to organize and conduct the Monitoring
and Evaluation/Review, on-site evaluation and impact assessments of on-going as well as completed projects of
PARC funded under different sources. PM&E is also responsible to develop, prepare and update National
Agricultural Research Plan and link with five years Development Plan of GOP. It also prepares and maintains
various data series required for priority setting, plan preparation and resource allocation.

Salient Achievements
PARC Five Years Business Plan 2013-18:

i. Planning Activities
?Developed Indicators for Monitoring & Evaluation of“ Enhancing Production Base of Agriculture
Sector”for onward submission to M/o NFS&R
?A consolidated report regarding government Mid-Term Performance review of P&DD, PARC is
prepared.
?Prepared comments and gave feedback on National Assembly and Senate questions for onward
submission to the concerned quarters.
?Planned and conducted in house review of 12 ALP (PSD, NRD, ASD and AED)on - going projects. The
minutes of the review meetings were prepared and circulated to the Principals investigators for
compliance.
?Developed Annual Progress Report and presentation for 40th BOG regarding P&DD.
?Prepared and submitted Working paper for meeting of Federal Committee on Agriculture (FCA) for
Kharif season (2016-17) regarding Research & Development Plans.
?Developed TORs Modus Operandi for the external review of RADP project by third party. The same has
been approved by the Chairman, PARC and forward to concerned quarter for further necessary action.
?Case for pending liabilities/salaries of NARS-B project employees prepared and processed for the
approval of Chairman, PARC. Decision conveyed to ex-PD, NARS-B.
?Compiled and prepared material for inclusion in the PARC year book for 2015-16 in respect of P&D Div.,

44
 PARC.
?Compiled and prepared a brief and consolidated Annual activities report in respect of Planning &
Development Division, PARC for the year 2015-16.

In House Review of ALP on-Going Projects

Regular review of projects is a good management practice; it not only provides oversight of the implementation
of the projects activities but also alerts managers about actual & potential projects problems and short comings,
before it is too late. Since the implementation of ALP, the in-house review of on-going projects had been
undertaken regularly by the P&DD to keep the projects on track. Usually the review is conducted of those
projects which has completed at least one year of their implementation.
As per practice, an in-house review of 22 ALP on-going projects under Plant Sciences, Animal Sciences,
Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering was carried out during the year2016-17.as detailed below:
S# Discipline No of Projects
1. Plant Sciences 7
2. Animal Sciences 12
3. Natural Recourses 3
Total 22

Onsite Evaluation of ALP On-Going Projects

On-site evaluation of ALP projects is a regular activity of Planning & Development Division to have an
oversight of the implementation of the projects. Onsite evaluation is usually undertaken in the mid of project's
life and after the in- house review of the projects. In house review of the 23 ALP on-going projects under PSD,
ASD, NRD and AED was completed during the month of January, 2017 and the observations/findings of review
were conveyed to the PIs/Technical Divisions. To follow up field activities of these on-going projects, PM&E
has planned to carry out on site evaluation of following 26 ALP projects during the months of April - June 2017
as detailed below:
1. Genetic Improvement of Selected Indigenous Naked Neck by Crossing with Exotic Poultry Breeds of
Rhode Island Red and Black Australorp Component-IV (ASD)-Dr. Rashid FarooqRO, PPR, Korangi
Karachi.
2. Genetic Improvement of Pateri Goat in Sindh, Component-IV (ASD)- Dr. Mushtaque Hussain Jokhio,
LDO AnimalHusbandry, Hyderabad.
3. Climate Change Implications for Water Management and Adoption Strategies Component- III (NRD)-
Dr. MuhammadSaffarMirjat, Prof. SAU, Tandojam Sindh.
4. Development of Models for the Control of PPR in Pakistan and PPR Vaccine using Local Isolate”-
Punjab Component-II (ASD)-Dr. Muhammad Asim, B P O, VRI, Lahore.
5. Enhancing Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Wheat by Using Transgenic Approach (PSD)-Dr. Kauser
Abdullah Malik, Prof. FC College , Lahore.
6. Genetic Improvement of Selected Indigenous Poultry Breeds Component-II (ASD)-Dr. AtharMehmood,
Associate Professor,, UVAS, Lahore
7. Improving Reproductive Efficiency of Achai Cows Through Oestrus Synchronization and Timed
Artificial Insemination , Component-VI(ASD)-Dr. Rahimullah, Director (P) L&DD, Peshawar KPK.
8. Genetic Improvement of Selected Indigenous Naked Neck by Crossing with Exotic Poultry Breeds of
Rhode Island Red and Black Australorp Component. III (ASD)-Prof. DrSarzmin Khan, Prof.
Agricultural Uni. Peshawar.
9. Generation of Reference Values on Amino Acid Availability in Local Feedstuffs for Poultry, and
Capacity Building at PARC / PIASA on Amino Acid Analysis (ASD)-Dr. Agha WaqarYunus, SSO, AN(
ASI) NARC.
10. Genetic Improvement of Selected Indigenous Poultry Breeds Component-I (ASD)-Dr. Abdul Ghaffar,
Coordinator/PSO ASI, NARC.
11. Genetic Improvement of Goat Breeds in Pakistan NARC Component-I (ASD)-Dr. Muhammad Fatah
Ullah Khan, PSO/Sr. Director ASI, NARC.
12. Development and Commercialization of Ispaghol (phyllium) and Kalongi (Nigella Sativa) Processing
Technologies for Value Addition (AED)-Dr. Tanveer Ahmed, PE./ Director.(ABEI) NARC

Onsite Evaluation PSDP On-Going Projects

On-site evaluation of following PSDPprojects were carried during the previous year.
? Pak-China Cooperation for Agricultural Research and Development(Dr. Abdul Ghafoor PSO/PI, CSI,
NARC)
? National Pesticides Residues Monitoring System in Pakistan ( Mr. KaramAhad, Director (ERI), NARC)
? Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Summer Agricultural Research Station of PARC, Kagahan(Mr.

45
 AftabIkram, Director (Works), PARC)
?Capacity Development of Agriculture Extension Services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(Dr. Khalid Farooq,
PSO, API, NARC)
?Development of clean and true to type fruit plant Nurseries at National level(Dr. Khalid
MehmoodQureshi,CSO/Sr. Dir. (Horticulture),NARC)
?Aquafeed Production in Pakistan for Commercially Important Cultureable Fishes (Dr. M. Ramzan Ali,
PSO (Fisheries), NARC)
?Monosex (All Male) Tilapia Seed Production and Culture in Pakistan( Dr. RehanaKousar, SSO,
Fisheries), NARC)

Result Based Monitoring Framework of PARC

?Edited / Compiled Annual Work Plans 2016-17 developed by all centers/ institutes of PARC. PM&E
team also conducted/arranged hands on training session on PM&E framework and its relationship with
PARC Five Year Business Plan 2013-18 for all institutes/scientists of NARC and outstations.
?Edited /Compiled Annual Progress (2015-16) against the Annual Work Plan of previous year in respect of
all centers/institutes of PARC.

Additional Assignments
? A number of additional assignments have been completed by PM&E Directorate. These include
preparation of discussion papers, presentations and reports on important issues, examination of MoUs ,
technical proposals & presentations. Arrange/ attend meetings, Seminars etc .Preparation of various
progress reports of P&DD(Annual, three years, BOG etc).

List of Foreign Funded projects Started during 2017

S# Title of Project PI/Address Donor Cost Status

1. Investigation on the Dr.AghaWaqarYounas US Pakistan Rs. 3.500m 2017 to 2019
dynamics of aflatoxin SSO, Animal Nutrition Center for
development in cotton Program, ASI, NARC Advance
seed cake Studies in
Agriculture &
Food Security,
University of
Agriculture
Faisalabad
2. Investigation of Yak Dr. S Murtaza Hass an National 1970000 In process of
Germplasm Resources Andrabi Natural Science Chines Yen approval
in the Hindu Kush PSO, Animal Reproduction Foundation
Himalaya Region and & Genetic Program, ASI, (NNSF) of
Identification of NARC China
Genetic Basis of Yak Lanzhou
Domestication and University
Diversity
3. Pakistan Zoonotic Dr Amir Bin Zahoor United States 290000 In process of
Disease Management PSO,PL Animal Health, ASI, Department of $ approval
Case Study: One Health NARC Agriculture
Approach for M anaging (USDA)
Brucellosis in Pakistani
Livestock Production
Systems and Preventing
its Transmission to
Humans
4. -Investigation on Dr. Naila Saddiqe 18 th Protocol on Rs. 59.000 In process of
zoonotic potential and SSO/Program Leader Science and m approval
pathogenesis of (NRLPD)ASI, NARC Technology
Chlamydia psittaci in Between
avian species co - Pakistan and
infected by Avian China 2017
Influenza H9N2 for
improvement in food
safety and security

46
 -Development of Dr. Ather Abbas Rs.97.400 m 03Proposals
Pathogenic Virus SSO (NRLPD) ASI NARC have been
Vaccine against Food submitted
Animals using M/o Science
Recombinant DNA and &Technology
Nano Technology for approval
on 7 th April
-Cryoconservation of Syed Murtaza Hassan Rs24.790 m 2017 and
yak (Bosgrunniens) Andarabi
spermatozoa and PSO,ASI NARC
introduction of
artificial insemination
technology
5. Technical and Dr. Khalid Farooq Director Italian Rs.2306.700 (Revised PC -
Vocational Training in API,NARC Government m 1 submitted
agriculture evaluation to M/O
in horticulture Sector NFS&R for
approval)
6. Skill Development of Dr. Khalid Farooq Director FATA 3.825 26/5/2017 to
youngster from FATA API,NARC development million 26/8/2017
as a livestock and farm Authority
manager
7. Research Collaboration Dr. Munir Ahmad ICARDA Rs. 7.823 m 1/1/2017
Agreement for Director CAEWRI to
diffusion and adoption 30/3/2017
through partnership and
action of best watershed
rehabilitation and Dr. Abid Hussain, SSO, Rs.9.870 m
irrigation practices and SSRI
technologies to help
rural farmers
8. Improving skills for Dr. Ghani Akbar APN Rs. 5.25 2017-2019
promoting sustainable SSO, CAEWRI,NARC million
watershed management
practices in south Asia
9. Improved Mungbean Dr. Shahid Riaz Malik World $119510 In process of
Harvesting and Seed SSO. Pulses Program Vegetable approval
Production systems for CSI,NARC
Bangladesh, Myanmar
and Pakistan
10. Agricultural Science Dr. M Ishaq AFPRI Rs. 5.24 15/3/2017
Technology Indicators PSO, SSD, PARC million to
31/12/2018
11. Prime Minister Youth Dr.Kalid Farooq NAVTTC Rs.6.57 19/6/2017
Skill Development Director API, NARC million to
Program Phase III 19/9/2017
Batch. 2

12. Increasing the Adoption Dr. Shahid Riaz Malik DFID US$8000 In process of
of improved Mungbean SSO. Pulses Program ACIAR approval
production practices CSI,NARC
mechanical harvesting
in Pakistan
13. Investigation on the Dr. Agha Waqar USPCAS -AFS RS. 3.500 m 3/7/2017
dynamics of Aflatoxin SSO, ASI, NARC University of to
development in cotton Faisalabad 3/7/2020
seed cake
14. Collection of Crop Dr. Shakeel Ahmad Global Crop 9.58 million 2016-2017
Wild Relatives in the PSO, PGRI, NARC Diversity
Genepool of 18 Crops Germany
in Pakistan through
ICARDA

47
15. Baseline survey of the Dr. Arsha d Bashir PARB RS. 3.240 2017-2018
basmati rice value chain PSO, SSRI, Faisalabad
in Punjab
16. Dissemination Dr. Arshid USDA through Rs.3.000 m 2017-2018
Diffusion and Adoption Director, LRRI, NARC ICARDA
of the Best Soil Fertilit y
and Soil Health
Management Practices
and Technologies for
the Farmers of Pakistan
(Phase-II)”
17. Dissemination Mr. Waqar Akhtar USDA through Rs.5.000 m 2017-2018
Diffusion and Adoption SSO, SSRI, NARC ICARDA
of the Best Soil Fertility
and Soil Health
Management Practices
and Technologies for
the Farmers of Pakistan
(Phase-II)”
18. Development of thermo Dr. Aamir Bin Zahoor International 100,000 2017-2019
stable vaccine for PSO/PI Animal Health, Veterinary UK pound
control of Peste Des Vaccinology
ASI, NARC
Petetits Ruminant Virus Network
infection (IVVN), UK
19. Identification of the Mr. Naveed Mustafa Asian Pacific Rs. 1.400 m 2017-2019
Best Agricultural SSO, CAEWRI, NARC Network
Management Practices through
with Better Greenhouse University of
House Gas (GHC) Colombo, Sri
Benefits in Salinity Linka
Affec ted Areas of
South Asia (APN No.
CRRP-2015-SG-01-
Lokupitiya)
20. Dissemination Engr. Shabbir Ahmad USDA through Rs.2.500 m 2017-2018
Diffusion and Adoption Kalwar ICARDA
of the Best Soil Fertility Principal Engineer, ABEI,
and Soil Health NARC, Islamabad
Management Practices
and Technologies for
the Farmers of Pakistan
(Phase-II)”
21. Research-Policy Dr. Bashir Ahmad PSO/PL, (IDRC) Rs. 1.000 m 2017-2018
Engagement and CAEWRI, NAR C through
Research into Use Sustainable
(RiU) Development
Policy Institute
(SDPI)
22. Assessment of Street Dr. Saeeda Raza Food and Rs. 1.690 m 2017-2018
Food Safety Situation PSO/Director, Food Science Agriculture
in MCI & Product Development Organization
Institute (FSPDI), NARC (FAO) of the
United Nations

48
 Coordination and Monitoring
Directorate of International Cooperation
The Directorate has a mandate to identify the common interest partners in many friendly countries like
Argentine, Afghanistan, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Germany,
Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman,
Poland, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UAE, USA,
Uzbekistan, Yemen, and United Nations/Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
(CGIAR)/US based agricultural research agencies in consultation with Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Economic
Affairs Division, Ministry of Climate Change and M/o National Food Security & Research. During the period
under review, this Directorate has prepared brief & talking points for meetings related to the agricultural
research & development, of the Federal Minister, National Food Security & Research (NFS&R), and higher
government officials with foreign ambassadors and delegates of above mentioned countries.

International Conferences/Meetings/Ceremonies Organized:

During the reporting period, Directorate of International Cooperation played its role in organizing following
international events:
MoU Signing Ceremony between PARC & Oaks CAF, Korea at PARC HQrs on 24th July, 2016
Presentation priority directions of cooperation between Pakistan and Belarus, at NARC Auditorium on 28th
July, 2016. Inauguration of the Lecture Hall & Computer Lab at API under JICA-PSDP Project on “Capacity
Development of Agriculture Extension Services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa” at NARC on 12th August,
2016World Food Day at NARC on 16th October, 2016
Meeting with Chinese Delegation from Hubei Provincial Seed Group Co., LTD at NARC on 19th December,
2016. Processed Agreement on Scientific Exchange and Cooperation between Pakistan Agricultural Research
Council and Lanzhou University, China. Processed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Islamic
Republic of Pakistan and the Republic of Azerbaijan on Cooperation in the Field of Agriculture Ministry of
Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus.

DIRECTORATE OF NATIONAL COOPERATION

Meetings of Fora (IPARCC + VC Forum)

Inter Provincial Agriculture Research Coordination Committee (IPARCC) and Vice Chancellors Forum has
been established at PARC. During the reporting period a joint session of both fora was conducted on the NARC
land issue. A unanimous resolution was passed by joint session in favour of PARC. The Joint Session not only
condemns but strongly opposes the Capital Development Authority's (CDA) move to convert the landholding
of National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) into a housing scheme.

MoUs at national level

To conduct different developmental collaborative activities, around 12 MoUs have been signed during this year
with Public sector organizations, NGO and private firms.

Other Events
Baluchistan Farmer's Event and Baluchistan Livestock Farmer's conference was organized in collaboration
with FAO & Govt. of Baluchistan. Both the events were chaired jointly by Federal Minister MNFS&R and CM,
Baluchistan. High level PARC officials attended the events and delivered their inputs for the uplift of
agriculture and livestock sectors of Baluchistan.

DIRECTORATE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

The directorate has the mandate to control and manage the human resource development activities. During 206-
17, the following HRD activities have taken place:
S. No. Activities No. of Beneficiaries
1 Long Term Trainings (Foreign) 07
-Ph. D 05
-M. Sc/MS 01
-Post Doc 01
2 Long Term Trainings (Local) 12
-Ph. D 08
-M. Sc/M. Phil 04
3 Foreign Short Term Trainings 23
4 Local Short Ter m Trainings 120
5 Foreign Visits 68
6 Training of Interns 03

49
 Budget of PARC
Highlights
The funds of the Council consist of the following as per article 18 of PARC Ordinance:
? Grants made by the Federal government and the Provincial governments.
? Grants, donations, endowments, contributions, aid and assistance given by other organizations.
? Foreign aid and loans obtained or raised with the approval of the Federal Government.
? Receipts from other sources.
? The annual accounts of the Council are audited by independent Chartered Accountants as well as the
Auditor General of Pakistan under the PARC Ordinance 1981.

An Overview of PARC's Budget:

(Rs. in million)
Budget Head/Funding Source 2015-16 2016-17
Actual Budget R.B
Current Expenditure (GOP Grant) 2556.224 2584.000 2916.000
Own Sources (PARC) 63.600 74.000 74.000
Total : 2619.824 2658.000 2990.000
Development Expenditure (PSDP) 503.529 1241.709 475.774
Agricultural Linkage Programme (ALP) 58.902 183.114 161.644
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU’s) 30.619 193.791 220.125

Current Expenditure
(Rs. in million)
Objects 2015-16 2016-17
Actual Budget R.B.
Establishment Expenses 2302.200 2331.095 2638.095
Operational Expenses 317.624 326.905 351.905
Total : 2519.824 2658.000 2990.000

Development Expenditure Budget

Development Expenditure budget of Rs. 1241.709 million was allocated for the following on-going PSDP
Projects for the year 2016-17 which was subsequently revised to Rs. 475.279 million surrendering Rs. 765.935
million the detail of projects is as under:-

On-Going Projects
(Rs. in million)
Revised
Sl. Approval Total Budget
Title of the Projects Budget 2016 -
No. Date/Forum Cost 2016-17
17
Research for Agricultural Development ECNEC
1 2963.000 200.000
Program 07-03-2007
Indigenization of Hybrid Seed Production CDWP
2 665.313 50.000
for Enhanced Production of Crops 20-05-2010
Pak-China Cooperation for Agricultural CDWP
3 255.712 30.000
Research and Development (Phase -1) 30-04-2009
Establishment of Horticulture Research DDWP
4 53.391 20.000
Institute Khuzdar, Balochistan 16-01-2012
Establishment of Livestock Research DDWP
5 58.725 26.444
Institute LRI at Turbat, Balochistan 16-01-2012
Strengthening of Coastal Agriculture DDWP
6 51.740 9.592
Research Station Bahwani, Balochistan 16-01-2012
Rehabilitation and Strengthening of
DDWP
7 Summer Agricultural Research Station of 33.119 5.000
19-09-2013
PARC , Kaghan
National Pesticides Resides residues CDWP
8 447.998 200.000
Monitoring System in Pakistan (PARC) 29-09-2010

50
 Kitchen Gardening: A Way to Safe & DDWP
9 36.738 16.167
Nutritious Vegetables 06-08-2013
Promotion of Olive Cultivation on CDWP
10 2444.545 240.000
Commercial Scale in Pakistan 19-11-2014
Up-gradation of Arid Zone Research DDWP
11 455.493 273.000
Institute (AZRI) to the Level of AZRC 11-04-2014
Aquafeed Production in Pakistan for DDWP
12 55.307 25.000
Commercially Important Culturable Fishes 19-09-2013
Commercialization of Soyabean Crop DDWP
13 47.046 14.046
(GlycieMaxl) on Pilot Scale in Pakistan 27-01-2015
Development of Clean and True to Type DDWP
14 49.750 12.460
Fruit Plant Nurse ries at National Level. 19-09-2013
Monosex (All Male) Tilapia seed DDWP
15 54.525 20.000
Production and Culture in Pakistan. 19-09-2013
Strengthening/Up -Gradation of
16 Agriculture and Livestock Research Un-approved 730.563 100.000
System of (AZRI) U merkot, Sindh
Total : - 8402.965 1241.709

Agricultural Linkage Programme (ALP) Budget 2016-17

Keeping the principal amount Rs. 1300.0 million of the Endowment Fund intact, the funds generated through
income from such investments are used to finance the research activities/program under ALP. The position of
utilization of ALP funds has been tabulated as below:
(Rs. in million)
Budget 2016 -17 Revised Budget 2016 -17
Location Total Number of Total Total Number of Total
Project Executed Amount Project Executed Amount
NARC 13 19.312 14 30.151
Punjab 18 24.508 20 27.415
KPK 18 12.734 18 21.031
Sindh 10 11.671 10 16.452
Balochistan 2 5.703 3 5.785
PARC, H.Qtr. 1 13.615 1 14.830
AJK 3 2.933 3 3.330
Block Allocation Block Allocation 92.638 - 0.000
(Contribution to Foreign Agencies Membership
Fee) - - 3.500
Scientist Award - - 11.100
Sponsoring Short Term Exchange of Agri. and
Scientists and Experts. - - 28.050
Total : - 65 183.114 69 161.644

MoUs
A total of 14projects at a total cost of Rs.220.125 million was approved under MOU's with different national and
international organization for the year 2016-17. An over view of year 2015-16 and 2016-17 is as follows:

MOU's 2016-17
(Rs. in million)

Objects 2015-16 2016-17

Actual
Budget R.B
Budget 30.619 193.791 220.125
No. of Projects 14 14
51
An Overview of PARC's Budget:
(Rs. in million)

Budget Head/Funding Source Revised

Budget
2016-17

Current Expenditure (GOP Grant) 2,916.000

Own Sources (PARC) 74.000
Total : 2,990.000
Development Expenditure (PSDP) 475.774
Agricultural Linkage Programme (ALP) 161.644
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU’s) 220.125
Total : - 857.543
GRAND TOTAL: - 3,847.543

52
Published By: Directorate of Scientific Communication & Publication,
National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad.
Managed & Edited By: Muhammad Fiaz Joyia
Director (DSC&P) NARC
Mr. Faisal Sohail Fateh
SSO/Managing Editor (PJAR), NARC
Photographers: Mirza Shahid Mahmood
TO (DSC&P) NARC
Faraz Ahmed
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DPL (DSC&P) NARC
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
G-5, Islamabad - Pakistan
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