Preface: 3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials Science and Technology

(ICAMST 2015)

Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1725, 010001 (2016); doi: 10.1063/1.4945454

View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945454
View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/1725?ver=pdfcov
Published by the AIP Publishing

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 PREFACEUG,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHG
0DWHULDOV6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\,&$067

The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials Scence and Technology (ICAMST
2015) was held on the Grasia Hotel during 6-7 October 2015. This event is organized by
Semarang State University (Unnes) and co-organized by Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),
Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Diponegoro University (Undip), and Sebelas Maret University
(UNS). Semarang, the home of a major state university amid pleasant surroundings, was
delightful place for the the third serie of ICAMST.
In this event, the conference was successfully carried out. More than 200 pre-registered
authors submitted their works in the ICAMST 2015. The 156 presented papers preserved the
high pledge recommended by the written abstracts and the programme was chaired in a
professional and efficient approach by the session chairmen who were selected for their
international in the subject. The selected papers amount of 106 are reviewed by reviewers from
the whole world and edited by the reputable professors in the Universities of Indonesia
Republic’s Government and doctors inline with their expertises.
The committee has accepted fullpapers from Netherland, Egypt, USA, Korea, Japan,
Malaysia, and Indonesia. The focus of this conference is to support Materials Research. Material
Research Innovations covers all areas of materials research with a particular interest in synthesis,
processing, and properties from the nanoscale to the microscale to the bulk. Coverage includes
all classes of material – ceramics, metals, and polymers; semiconductors and other functional
materials; organic and inorganic materials – alone or in combination as composites. Innovation
in composition and processing to impart special properties to bulk materials and coatings, and for
innovative applications in technology, represents a strong focus.
Organizing an international conference involves great energy to finish complex and
substantial detail therefore we would like to express my gratitude to all members of ICAMST
2015 organizing committee for their sincere cooperation to hold this event. ICAMST 2015 would
not be possible without our keynote speakers, presenters, reviewers, all participants and
Semarang State University. We would like to thank for all support.

Prof. Dr. Sutikno, S.T., M.T.

Chairman of ICAMST 2015
http://www.icamst.org
Email:
smadnasri@yahoo.com
icamst2015@gmail.com

The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials Science and Technology (ICAMST 2015)
AIP Conf. Proc. 1725, 010001-1–010001-1; doi: 10.1063/1.4945454
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1372-6/$30.00

010001-1
 Optical and physical properties of PbO-modified TeO2-ZnO-Bi2O3 glasses
Ahmad Marzuki, Wahyudi, Adi Pramuda, and Ika Nurmalasari

Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1725, 020044 (2016); doi: 10.1063/1.4945498

View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945498
View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/1725?ver=pdfcov
Published by the AIP Publishing

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 Optical and Physical Properties of PbO-Modified TeO2 -
ZnO-Bi 2 O 3 Glasses
Ahmad Marzuki1. a), Wahyudi1,2, Adi Pramuda1, 2, Ika Nurmalasari1
1
Physics Department, SebelasMaret University
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 Indonesia.
2
IKIP PGRI Pontianak JalanAmpera No. 88 Pontianak, West Kalimantan
a)
Corresponding author: amarzuki@mipa.uns.ac.id

Abstract. A series of quaternary tellurite glasses of the form of 55TeO 2 –2Bi 2 O 3 –[43-x]ZnO–xPbO (TZBP) were prepared by
conventional melt quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glasses has been confirmed using XRD, and their tendency
against crystallization has been concluded using DSC. Optical properties of the glasses aimed to gain information on the glasses
refractive index, range of transparence, and theoretical minimum loss wewe obtained from measurement using Brewster angle
measurement, UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer and FTIR. It is shown that the index of refraction increases with increasing PbO
content. The IR-edge tends to be red-shifted. No clear tendency of UV-edge was observed. The combined results show that the
width of the transparency increase slightly with the increase of Pb2+ content in TZBN glasses.Key words: Tellurite glasses,
Optical materials, glass absorption spectra

INTRODUCTION
In the last few decades, TeO 2 based glasses are of interest due to their unique properties especially for use in
optical fiber based mid-infrared technology such as for fiber sensors, fiber lasersandoptical amplifiers [1,2].Their
high rare earth ions solubility, high refractive index, wide transparency range, low melting point as well as relatively
stable against devitrification are important properties lead the TeO 2 based glasses are nowadays the subject of
intensive research.

Refractive index and optical absorption are two important basic glass properties normally investigated in order to
complete the necessary information gathered for the purpose of designing any glasses based photonic devices [3, 4].
Heavy metal glasses containing Pb2+ are among those investigated aimed to tailor glasses with high density and
refractive index [5, 6,7].

This report presents our experimental work aimed at investigating the effect of the PbO content in tellurite
glasses having composition 55TeO 2 –2Bi 2 O 3 –[43-x]ZnO–xPbO with x = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 on their optical properties
(refractive index, absorption spectra, and theoretical minimum loss).

EXPERIMENT
Tellurite glasses with molar composition of 55TeO 2 -(41-x)ZnO-2Bi 2 O 3 -xPbO with x = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were
chosen and prepared from powder TeO 2 , ZnO, Bi 2 O 3 , and PbOwith 99.9% purity grade. Appropriate amounts of
substances were weighed and grounded in mortar to obtain homogeneous mixtures.Melting was carried out by
placing the mixture into a platinum crucible and heated at temperature of 9000C for 30 minutes in air atmosphere.
The melt was quenched by pouring into poured onto a preheated stainless steel parallel plate and then annealed at

The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials Science and Technology (ICAMST 2015)
AIP Conf. Proc. 1725, 020044-1–020044-5; doi: 10.1063/1.4945498
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1372-6/$30.00

020044-1
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 temperature of 3500C for 6 hours allowing glass to release its thermal and mechanical stress followed by cooling to
room temperature at the cooling rate of 10C/min. The amorphous nature of the resulted glasses were confirmed
using XRD. The densities of all the glass samples ȡZHUHPHDVXUHGEDVHGRQ$UFKLPHGHV¶ method carried out at
room temperature using pycnometer. Glasses refractive indices (n) were calculated from Brewster Angle T p using
the equation

݊ = ‫ߠ݊ܽݐ‬௣ (1)
The optical absorption spectra of the samples were measured from ultraviolet to infrared range utilizing UV-
VIS-NIR spectrophotometer and FTIR at room temperature.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 1 is a photograph of our glass and its corresponding crystalline phase. Glass phase appears to be
transparent while its crystalline phase is opaque. These different appearances have been confirmed using XRD as
shown by Figure 2 indicating that the transparent material as shown in Figure 1 is in a glassy state.

1200
120

1000
100

800
80

Intensity (a.u)
60
600

40
400

20
200

0
20 30 40 50 60
2 Theta (deg)

a b

FIGURE 1. A photograph showing FIGURE 2. XRD spectrum of TZBP glass alongside (a) with its corresponding
the different appearances between crystalline phase (b)
glassy state and its corresponding
crystalline phase.

FIGURE 3. Typical DSC thermogram of TZBP glass

Figure 4 the typical DSC thermogram of TZBP glasses. It is known that glass forming ability is different from
glass stability in that whereas the glass forming ability is defined in terms of its resistance toward crystallisation of a

020044-2
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 melt during cooling, the glass stability is defined in terms of its resistance toward crystallisation as a glass is
reheated . While knowledge of glass forming ability is important during the glass fabrication process, knowledge of
the glass stability has a very significant role in controlling a process involving a glass at a high temperature below its
crystallisation temperature.
Although judging the glass forming ability based on the critical cooling rate may reflect the real process of the
glass formation, collecting enough data to construct the T-T-T curve are very time consuming. There are several
thermal stability parameters that have been proposed. The most frequently used thermal stability parameters is that
proposed by Jordan et al. [8] based on the DSC data on glass transition temperature (T g ), the onset of crystallisation
temperature (T x ) and the peak of the glass crystallization (T p )expressed by:

T x  Tg T p  Tx 
S (2)
Tg
Looking at the numerators of S as given in equation (2), a glass with a large value of this parameter has a
reduced tendency toward crystallisation when heated above T g . The characteristic temperature and thermal stability
of glasses studied at a heating rate of 10 0C/min are given in Table 1. Apart from the TZBP1, this result implies that
thermal stability against crystallisation of the resulted glasses tend to decrease with increasing Pb2+ content.

TABLE 1. Stability and refractive index of TZBP

glasses.

Stability (S) Refractive

Sampel
0 index (n)
( C)

TBZP1 85.5 1.949

TBZP2 100.3 1.963

TBZP3 85.8 1.977

TBZP4 65.7 1.986

TBZP5 74.3 2.011

Similar result applies for the effect of Pb2+ content on the glass refractive index (Table 1).Pb2+ ion has very high
ionic polarizability. FollowingLorentz-Lorentz equation [9]:

௏ ା ଶோ
݊ = ට ௏೘ ି ோ ೘ (3)
೘ ೘

where

ସగఈ೘ ேಲ
ܴ௠௧ = ଷ
(4)

It can be seen that total molar refractivity (R mt ) has very important role in adjusting glass refractive index. As R mt
increases, the glass refractive index increases. As can be seen from equation 3, adjusting polarizability of a molecule
Į m ) and thus R mt has a vital role in controlling glass refractive index. Its role is more significant than trying to
control n by the varying the glass molar volume(V m ). TZBP is a multicomponent glass. Therefore, its total molar
refractivity (R mt ) is an additive function of its individual component molar refractivity (R mi ) as given by

020044-3
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 ܴ௠௧ = σ ݂௜ ܴ௠௜ (5)

where

ܴ௠௜ =2.52(‫݌‬. ߙ௠ି஺೜శ + ‫ߙݍ‬ைమష ) (6)

In equation (5) and (6), f i is molar fraction of a component composing the glass, while Į m-O 2- DQG Į m-A q+ are
polarizability of the cation and the anion of each oxide (A p O q ) composing glasss. Among the cationic component in
the glass, cationic polarizability of Pb2+ is the highest. Their values are Te4+ = 0.242 Å3, Zn2+ = 0.283 Å3, Bi3+ =
1.508 Å3, Na+ = 0.175 Å3, and Pb2+ = 3.623 Å3 [10]. Looking back to equation (3) and (6), the increase in glass
refractive index caused by incorporating Pb2+ ions into the glass is easily understood.

Figure 4 shows how the UV edge and IR edge change as the concentration of Pb2+ ions in the glass change. As
can be expected, incorporating Pb2+ ions into the glass raises the mass reduction and thus the glass molar volume.
Assuming glass network as atomic network each joined by a spring, we can easily predict that increasing mass
reduction (μ) of the glass can result in reduction of IR edge (red shift). This result, however, is accompanied by blue
shift in the UV edge. No clear tendency of UV edge change was observed.Consequently, the width of the
transparency range does not indicate any significant increase (Table 2).

15
X=1
9 TBZP1

Absorption Coefficient (cm-1)

X=2 TBZP2
12 X=3 TBZP3
X=4 8 TBZP4
Absorption (a.u)

X=5 TBZP5
9 7
6
6
5
3 a 4 b
3
0
500 400
600 700 800 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000
Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm)
FIGURE 4. Optical absorption spectra of the TZBP glasses in the UV-VIR-NIR and IR wavelength range

TABLE 2. Transmission range of the TZBP glasses

Transmission
UV-Vis IR edge
Sample range
edge (nm) (nm)
'O) nm
('
TBZP1 376.95 6408.22 6031.27
TBZP2 390.21 7145.76 6755.55
TBZP3 380.72 7160.84 6780.12
TBZP4 380.83 7183.78 6802.95
TBZP5 377.66 7181.16 6803.50

CONCLUSIONS
A new quaternary tellurite glasses with composition of 55TeO 2 –2Bi 2 O 3 –[43-x]ZnO–xPbO with x = 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5 mol% have been fabricated and characterized. The obtained glasses show good glassy state with no evident of
crystalline phase present. Refractive index as well as the width of glass transparency increase with the increase of
Pb2+ content in TZBN glasses.

020044-4
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