NIZWA INDUSTRIAL Fault CALC (REV. 1)

T-36/2017:
Replacement of Protection Relays in 11KV

System in Nizwa Industrial Sur & Hospital S/S
RELAY SETTING CALCULATION
NIZWA INDUSTRIAL PSS
Done by : Mustafa Hamid

DCRP PE Lic. No : PE 006/2015
T-36/2017 Replacement of Protection Relays in 11KV System in Nizwa Industrial & SUR
Project
Hospital S/S
Doc. No Client Mazoon
Subject RELAY SETTING CALCULATION Prepared By Mustafa Hamid
Contents:
1.0 Source Data
2.0 Fault Calculations – ETAP
3.0 Consideration of Calculations
4.0 Relay setting calculations
Annexure-I: Detailed ETAP Reports included Over Current and Earth Fault curves
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Hospital S/S
1.0 Source Data:
1.1. Short Circuit Current (As per MZEC data):
No. Description 33 kV BUS

1 Three phase Fault (Maximum) at 33 kV Bus in kA 20.03
3 Single phase Fault (Maximum) at 33 kV Bus in kA 3.000
1.2. Short Circuit MVA:

𝑴𝑽𝑨𝒔𝒄 = √𝟑 ∗ 𝑲𝑽 ∗ 𝑰𝒔𝒄
No. Description 33 kV BUS

1 Three phase Fault (Maximum) at 33 kV Bus in MVA 1144.0
3 Single phase Fault (Maximum) at 33 kV Bus in MVA 171.4730
1.3. 33kV Line Data:

UG-1
- 33 kV, 3C, 300 mm2
Positive Sequence impedance = 0.080+0.105i Ω/km

Negative Sequence impedance = 0.080+0.105i Ω/km
Zero Sequence impedance = 0.130+0.270i Ω/km
Cable Length ≈ 100m = 1.0 km
UG-2
Cable Length = 3.3337 km
OHL-1
Cable Length = 2.8 km
1.4. Transformers Data:
Transformer TR-1 TR-2

HV Side Voltage 33000 33000
LV Side Voltage 11500 11500
SC impedance Zsc % 12.53 12.52
X/R Ratio 24 24
2.0 Manual Calculation:
2.1 Per Unit Transformation
Ipu = ISC / Ib
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Hospital S/S
Ib = MVAb/ √3 ∗ KVb
Zb = (KVb)2 / MVAb Ω
Zpu = Zactual / Zb
Zpu new = Zpu old x [ (KVb old)2 / (KVb new)2 x (MVAb new) / (MVAb old) ]
Isc pu 1-ph = 3 x Io = 3 x E / (Z1pu + Z2 pu + Zo pu)
2.1.1 @ Source:
KVb = 33 kV & MVAb = 20 MVA
Zb = 332 / 20 = 54.45 Ω
Ib = 20000 / (√3 ∗ 33 ) = 349.9 A
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Hospital S/S
2.1.2 3-ph fault:
Z1 pu min = j 0.017472
2.1.3 1-ph fault:
Assume Z1 = Z2
Z1 pu = j 0.116686
ISC = 20030 A & Ib = 349.9 A
Ipu = 20030 / 349.9 = 57.22
Isc pu 3-ph = 3 x Io = 3 x E / (Z1pu + Z2pu + Zopu)
57.22 = 3 x 1 / (j 0.116686+ j 0.116686 + Zo pu)
∴ Zo pu min = j 0.18094
2.2 For Cables:
Cable-1
Z1 pu =Z2 pu = (0.08 + 0.105i) *1/ 54.45 = 0.001469 + j 0.001928
Zo pu = (0.130 + 0.270i) *1/ 54.45 = 0.0023875 + j 0.0049587
OHL -1
Z1 pu =Z2 pu = (0.2276+0.3378i)*2.8/54.45 =0.0117+0.01737i
Zo pu = (0.4046+1.6290i)*2.8/54.45 =0.0208+0.08376i
Cable-2
Z1 pu =Z2 pu = (0.08 + 0.105i) *3.337/ 54.45 = 0.004898 + j 0.006428
Zo pu = (0.130 + 0.270i)*3.337/ 54.45 = 0.007967+ j 0.016547
LINE-1 = Z C1 + Z OHL-1
Z1 pu =Z2 pu = 0.013169 + j 0.019298
Zo pu = 0.0231875 + j 0.088718
LINE-2 = Z C2
Z1 pu =Z2 pu = 0.004898 + j 0.006428
Zo pu = 0.007967 + j 0.016547
2.3 For Transformers:
2.3.1 TR-1&2:
Z1 pu = 0.1252 & X/R = 24
(R2+x2) = 0.12522,
R = 0.004929,
X = 0.118297
Assume Z1 pu=Z2 pu=Zo pu= 0.005212+j 0.12509
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2.4 Per unit impedances summary refer to 20 MVA base:
Source
line 1& line 2
Item Max 3- Max 1-ph TR-1&2
ph Fault Fault L-1 L-2
Pos. seq.
impedance
j0.017472 j 0.116686 0.013169 + j 0.019298 0.004898 + j 0.006428 0.005212+j 0.12509
Neg. seq. Not

impedance Required
j 0.116686 0.013169 + j 0.019298 0.004898 + j 0.006428 0.005212+j 0.12509
Zero seq. Not

impedance Required J 0.18094 0.0231875 + j 0.088718 0.007967 + j 0.016547 0.005212+j 0.12509
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Hospital S/S
2.5 Max 3-ph Fault current @11.5 kV bus when both transformers working in
parallel:
For balance 3-ph fault the sequential circuit will be as in fig (1)
Z T pu = ZS1 min pu + (ZL1 1 pu + ZTR1 1 pu ) // ( ZL2 1 pu + ZTR2 1 pu )
= j 0.017472 +( 0.013169 + j 0.019298 + 0.005212+j 0.12509) //

(0.007967 + j 0.016547+ 0.005212+j 0.12509))
=0.0069408+j0.08634
= 0.08662 85.403°
IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage, E= 1pu)
∴IF pu = 1 / 0.07650 85.403°

= 11.5446 85.40° Lag.
@ 11.5 kV bus
Ibase = 20 / (1.732 x 11.5) = 1004 A

Isc = Ib x Ipu = 11.544x 1004 = 11590.8 -85.403° A
Isc 3-ph max = 11.59KA
2.6 Min 3-ph Fault current @11.5 kV bus when each Transformer working
separately (11 kV bus section open)
For balance 3-ph fault the sequential circuit will be as in fig (2)
Fig (2)
Z T pu = (ZS1 pu +ZLine-2 pu + ZTR2 1 pu)

= j 0.017472 +0.013169 + j 0.019298+ 0.005212+j 0.12509
= 0.018381+j0.16186
= 0.1629 83.5°
IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage , E= 1 pu)
∴IF pu = 1/0.1629 ∠ 83.5

= 6.138 83.5° Lag.
@ 11.5 kV bus
Ibase = 20 / (1.732 x 11.5) =1004 A
Isc = Ib x Ipu = 6.138 x 1004 = 6163.2775 -85.5° A
Isc 3-ph min = 6.163 KA
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2.7 Max 1-ph Fault current @11.5 kV bus when both transformers working in
parallel
For 1-ph fault the sequential circuit will be as in fig (3)
Z T pu = ZS1 min pu + (ZL1 1 pu + ZTR1 1 pu ) // ( ZL2 1 pu + ZTR2 1 pu ) +

ZS2 min pu + (ZL1 2 pu + ZTR1 2 pu ) // ( ZL2 2 pu + ZTR2 2 pu )+ ((ZTR1 o pu) // (ZTR2 o pu))
= j 0.017472 +( 0.013169 + j 0.019298 + 0.005212+j 0.12509) //

(0.007967 + j 0.016547+ 0.005212+j 0.12509)) + j 0.017472 +( 0.013169 + j 0.019298 +
0.005212+j 0.12509) // (0.007967 + j 0.016547+ 0.005212+j 0.12509)) +(0.005212+j 0.12509)//
(0.005212+j 0.12509)
= 0.01648+j0.23522
= 0.2358 86°
IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage, E= 1pu)
∴Io pu = 1 / 0.2358 86° = 4.24 86°Lag.
IF pu = 3 x Io pu = 3 x 4.24=12.722
= 12.722 87.965° Lag.
@ 11.5 kV bus
Ibase = 20 / (1.732 x 11.5) = 1004 A
Isc = Ib x Ipu = 12.722 x 1004 = 12773.2 - 86.0° A
Isc 1-ph max = 12.77 KA
2.8 Min 1-ph Fault current @11.5 kV bus when each Transformer working
separately (11 kV bus section open)
For 1-ph fault the sequential circuit will be as in fig (4)
Z T pu = [(j 0.017472 +0.013169 + j 0.019298+ 0.005212+j 0.12509)+ (j 0.017472 +0.013169 + j

0.019298+ 0.005212+j 0.12509)+ (0.005212+j 0.12509)]
= 0.04197+j 0.4488 = 0.4507 87.78°
IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage , E= 1pu)
∴Io pu = 1 / 0.2065 87.78° 2.218 84.65° Lag.
IF pu = 3 x Io pu = 3 x 2.2184 = 6.655 84.6° Lag.
@ 11.5 kV bus
Ibase = 20 / (1.732 x 11.5) = 1004 A

Isc = Ib x Ipu = 6.655 x 1004 = 6681.92 84.65° A
Isc 1-ph max = 6.68 K
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Hospital S/S
3.0 Fault Calculation by ETAP Software:
3.1 Max 3-phase fault:
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Hospital S/S
3.2 Min 3-phase fault:
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3.3 Max 1-phase fault:
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3.4 Min 1-phase fault
ETAP detailed reports are given in Annexure-1.
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4.0 ETAP Software Calculation results verses Manual Results:
ETAP Software Results MANUAL CALCULATION

No. Description (KA)
(KA)
1 Maximum Three phase Fault 11.57 11.59
2 Minimum Three phase Fault 6.15 6.16
3 Maximum Single phase Fault 12.76 12.77
4 Minimum Single phase Fault 6.67 6.68
5.0 Considerations :
 relay setting calculation done by with the following considerations:
o IEC Normal inverse Curve used for all levels O/C & E/F
o O/C &E/F grading done starting from 11 kV OG feeder with 0.1 TMS and 0.3
sec between each relay and other up to minimum fault level
o E/F graded up to 11 kV incomer only ( TR delta / Star )
 As per MZEC policy E/F for 33 kV TR feeder should be 5 % , 0.05 TMS but as per
the previous stations practice considered 10% to avoid unwanted tripping due to
inrush current
 33 kV TR feeder Instantaneous O/C considered 1.25 of max through fault current to

11 kV
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Over Current and Earth Fault RELAY

SETTING CALCULATIONs
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Over Current PROTECTION COORDINATION
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Over Current Protection Coordination:

1- 11 kv OG Feeder
Relay Type : Siemens 7SJ80
Rated Current : 1/5 A
A- Time Delayed over current ( 51):
Refer to fault calculation page 8 Max 3-ph fault current @11kv bus is 11.57 KA
The setting will be :
CT Ratio 300/5
Current Setting (A) 5.0
TMS 0.100
Characteristic IEC Inverse
Refer to relay manual " The tripping times for Ι/Ιp ≥ 20 are identical with those for Ι/Ιp = 20 "
IP : pickup value , I : Fault current
I/Ip = 11.57/300 =38 accordingly only 20 Ip will be used = 8000
T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS) ^0.02 -1)
= 0.14*0.1/(8000/400) ^0.02-1)
=0.2267 sec
B- Negative Sequence Protection (46-1 ):
Refer to MZEC policy and recommendation instantaneous to be disabled
Pickup value should be 20 % and recommend tripping time 5 sec
CT Ratio 300/5
Current Setting (A) 1
Time ms 5000
Characteristic DT
2- 11 kv Station TR
C- Time Delayed over current ( 51):
Refer to fault calculation page 7 Max 3-ph fault current @11kv bus is 11.57 KA
Ifl = MVAb/ √3 ∗ KV
= 0.5/√3 ∗ 11 *1000 = 26.24 A
Set 1.5 of Tr rating = 1.5* 26.24 = 40 A Set =2 of Tr rating = 50 A

Existing LV setting
L = 800, 18sec (curve D) ,
Instantaneous current setting 9.6 KA
According to TR protection curve :
Hence I rated = 695 A , L setting can be reduced to 0.9 and (Curve B)
HV side :
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In order to insure good grading with LV C.B the IDMT curve to be changed from IEC
IS to IEC EI
CT Ratio 50/5
TMS 1.22
Characteristic IEC Extremely Inverse

I/Ip = 11570/50 =231.4 , 50 *20 = 1000
= 80*1.22/(1000/50)2-1)
=0.245 sec
This setting cross checked with B/S setting , grading curves attached
11 kv Bus Section :
o Refer to MZEC protection policy the setting should be more than TR

continuous rating current
o Considered 120% of TR Rated Current 1004 = 1200 A
o 250 msec to be used as grading time interval between 11 kv OG & 11 kv B.S
o During the Max fault level 11.57, approximately half of this current will flow
through the bus section 6.07 KA but during one TR in service @ Min fault
level 6.71 will flow
11 kv OG feeder tripping time @ 11.57 KA = 0.2267

11 kv Bus section tripping time @ 6.07 KA = 0.25+0.226=0.4767
T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS)^0.02 -1)
So :
TMS for the B.S =((IF/IS)^0.02 -1) * T/0.14
= ((/1200)^0.02 -1)*0.4767/0.14
=0.112
Set TMS= 0.12
CT Ratio 1200/1
TMS 0.12
Characteristic IEC Inverse (51)
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Hospital S/S
3- 11KV Incomer
A- Directional O/C :
o Refer to MZEC protection policy and recommendation Current Setting of 240A
will be sufficient.
o TMS Can be considered 0.1 to ensure a sufficient grading margin with 132/33
TR incomer
Accordingly:
CT Ratio 1200/1
TMS 0.1
MTA 45 Degree
Direction Forward (i.e. toward transformer)
B- Non Direction O/C :

o The current setting should be A bove maximum 11kV transformer full load
current
TR FL Current = 1004 A
Set the Current setting 120% of FLC =1200A
o TMS to be calculated when the two Transformers are working in parallel with
11.57KA fault level & to be checked when one transformer is working
o TR 11kv incomer setting to be graded with 11kv bus section to avoid wrong
tripping when one transformer working with B.S closed
o During the Max fault level 11.57kA , approximately half of this current will flow
through the TR incomer 6.07 & 5.5 KA but during one TR in service @ Min
fault level 6.71 will flow
11 kv Bus section tripping time @ 6.71 KA = 0.4796 sec
11 kv Incomer tripping time @ 6.71 KA = 0.25+0.4796=0.7296 sec
T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS)^0.02 -1)
So :
TMS for the 11 kv incomer =((IF/IS)^0.02 -1) * T/0.14
= ((6710/1200)^0.02 -1)*0.7296/0.14 =0.182
Set TMS = 0.19
CT Ratio 1200/1
TMS 0.19
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Min fault level Check (6.71KA):
T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS)^0.02 -1)
11 kv OG feeder Tripping time = 0.14*0.10/((6710/300)^0.02-1) = 0.218 sec
11 kv Bus section Tripping time = 0.14*0.12/((6710/1200)^0.02-1) = 0.479 sec
11 kv Incomer Tripping time = 0.14*0.19/((6710/1200)^0.02-1) = 0.759sec
So the check results shows that the grading is ok under Minimum fault condition
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4- 33 KV Transformer Feeder
A- Time Delayed Over current (51)

Refer to MZEC policy the current setting should be above maximum expected load
current
TR Full load current = 349.9 A
Set the current setting 400A
TR 33 kv Feeder setting to be graded with 11kv incomer is worst case when 11 kv
Bus section open the fault level is 6.71 kA (its more the 6.07 KA when two TR’s are
in parallel )
So : at 6.71 KA 11kv incomer trip time is 0.759 sec
The trip time for 33 kv TR feeder will be 0.756+0.3=1.059 sec
TMS for the 33kv TR Feeder =((IF/IS)^0.02 -1) * T/0.14
= ((2338.33/400)^0.02 -1)*1.059/0.14
= 0.271
Set TMS = 0.28
CT Ratio 400/1
TMS 0.28
o For Delta/ Star Transformer Earth fault @ star side will reflect as phase fault
in the Delta side so the 11kv E/F should be graded with 33kv TR feeder O/C
Form E/F setting and fault calculation found that maximum fault level is 7.1KA &
Current setting is 120 A , TMS = 0.32
The trip time = 0.726 sec
For the same fault value 33kv side L-L fault =7100*(11.5/33)/1.732 =1428.5 A
The trip time with current setting 400 ,TMS 0.28 =1.52 sec
B- Instantaneous Over current (50)

Refer to MZEC policy the TR feeder Instantaneous current setting to be 1.3 times the
maximum prospective fault level (measured at 33kV) for a three phase fault on the
11kV bushings of the transformer.
Accordingly:
worst case when 11 kv Bus section open the fault level is 6.71 kA (when two TR’s
are working in parallel the current flow through 11 kv incomer is half of the maximum
fault level (11.57) equal to 5.6 KA)
Then the reflected current to 33 kv side =6710*11.5/33 =2338.33 A
Instantaneous current setting =1.3*2575.3=3039.8 A
Set the Current setting = 3100 A
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The the Minimum fault level @ 33 kv side 6.27 which is more 3100 A
CT Ratio 400/1
Current Setting (A) 3100
Time setting (sec) 0.0
Characteristic IEC DT
6- 33kv INCOMER O/C Setting :
Refer to MZEC protection policy and MZEC protection team recommendation

Current Setting of 80 A will be sufficient
TMS Can be considered 0.05
CT Ratio 400/1
VT Ratio 33000/110
TMS 0.05
MTA 45 Degree
Direction Forward (i.e. toward feeder circuit )
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EARTH FAULT PROTECTION COORDINATION
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1- 11 kv OG Feeder
A- Time Delayed Earth Fault ( 51N)
Refer to fault calculation page 8 Max 1-ph fault current @11kv bus is 12.76
KA
The current setting should be above maximum expected unbalance current
CT Ratio 300/5
TMS 0.100
I/Ip = 12760/30=425 accordingly only 20 IEp will be used = 800
Tripping time @ 12.75 KA :
T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS)^0.02 -1)
= 0.14*0.1/(800/40)^0.02-1)
=0.2267 sec
B- Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) :

Refer to MZEC protection policy SEFsetting should be
Current Setting = 10A (primary) Definite Time Delay = 5 seconds
CT Ratio 300/5
Time (sec) 5.0
Thus , there is no CBCT available , phase CT’s residual connection to be used11
2- kv Station TR :
Time Delayed Earth Fault ( 51N)
KA
CT Ratio 50/5
TMS 0.05
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Tripping time @ 12760 :
T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS)^0.02 -1)
= 0.14*0.05/(200/10)^0.02-1)
=0.113 sec
3- 11 kv Bus Section
- Considered 10% of CT Rated Current 1200/1 = 120 A
- 250 m sec to be used as grading time interval between 11 kv OG & 11 kv B.S
- During the Max fault level 12.76 KA , approximately half of this current will
flow through the bus section 6.67 &6.17KA but during one TR in service and
@ MIN fault Level 7.1 KA will flow though :
11 kv OG feeder tripping time @ 12.76KA = 0.2267

11 kv Bus section tripping time @ 6.67 KA = 0.25+0.2267=0.4767
T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS)^0.02 -1)
I/IEp = 6670/120=55 accordingly only 20 IEp will be used = 2400
So :
TMS for the B.S =((IF/IS)^0.02 -1) * T/0.14
= ((2400/120)^0.02 -1)*0.4767/0.14
=0.209
Set TMS= 0.21
CT Ratio 1200/1
TMS 0.21
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4- 11kv Incomer :
A- Directional E/F :

CT Ratio 1200/1
TMS 0.05
MTA - 45 Degree
Direction Forward (i.e. toward transformer)
B- Non Direction E/F :

o The current setting should be A bove maximum expected unbalance current
Set the Current setting 10% of CT rated = 0.1 * 1200 =120 A
o TMS to be calculated when the two Transformers are working in parallel with
14.2025 kA fault level & to be checked when one transformer is working
o TR 11kv incomer setting to be graded with 11kv bus section to avoid wrong
tripping when one transformer working with B.S closed
o During the Max fault level 12.76 kA, approximately half of this current will flow
through the 11kv incomer 6.67&6.17KA and 7.1 kA if ONE TR in-service @
MIN fault level
11 kv Bus section tripping time @ 7.1 KA = 0.4767 sec

11 kv Incomer tripping time @ 7.1 KA = 0.25+0.4767=0.7267 sec
Refer to relay manual " The tripping times for Ι/Ιp ≥ 20 are identical with those for Ι/Ιp = 20"
T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS) ^0.02 -1)
So :
TMS for the 11 kv incomer =((IF/IS)^0.02 -1) * T/0.14
= ((2400/120)^0.02 -1)*0.7267/0.14
=0.32
CT Ratio 1200/1
TMS 0.32
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C- SBEF protection :
o As per MZEC policy the current setting should be above maximum expected
unbalance current & pickup of all downstream earth fault protections
SBEF CT ratio : 1200/1
So setting can be 10 % = 120 A
o TMS setting to be Coordinated with all downstream earth fault protections for the
full range of earth fault levels from minimum to maximum), except 11kV bus
section protection.
o At max fault current can flow through the TR 7.1

Refer to relay manual " The tripping times for Ι/Ιp ≥ 20 are identical with those for Ι/Ιp = 20"
Accordingly :
SBEF time at the Max fault level =0.726+0.25 =0.9767
TMS =((IF/IS)^0.02 -1) * T/0.14
= ((2400/120)^0.02 -1)*0.9267/0.14
=0.43
Set TMS = 0.43
CT Ratio 1200/1
TMS 0.43
Min fault level Check (7.1KA):

T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS)^0.02 -1)
11 kv OG feeder Tripping time = 0.14*0.10/((800/40)^0.02-1) = 0.2267 sec
11 kv Bus section Tripping time = 0.14*0.21/((2400/120)^0.02-1) = 0.476 sec
11 kv Incomer Tripping time = 0.14*0.32/((2400/120)^0.02-1) = 0.7267 sec
11 kv Incomer SBEF Tripping time = 0.14*0.41/((2400/120)^0.02-1) = 0.975 sec
So the results shows that the grading is ok under Minimum fault condition
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5- 33 KV Transformer Feeder
Time Delayed Earth Fault (51N)
For Delta/ Star Transformer E/F fault @ star side will reflect as phase fault in the
Delta side so the 33kv TR feeder E/F will not be graded with 11Kv incomer and as
per MZEC protection policy the setting should be 5 % , 0.05 TMS but as per the
previous stations practice considered 10% to avoid unwanted tripping due to inrush
current
Current setting :
Is = 20 A with Inrush current blocking function, OR:
Is = 40 A without the function
CT Ratio 400/1
Current Setting (A) 40 A
TMS 0.05
6- 33kv INCOMER DEF setting :

CT Ratio 400/1
VT Ratio 33000/110
TMS 0.05
MTA 0 Degree
Direction Forward (i.e. toward feeder circuit )
Relay Type: Siemens 7SJ804

VT Ratio: 33000/sqrt (3)/110/3)
7- 33kv incomer Neutral Voltage Displacement (NVD) setting:
Refer to MZEC POLICY neutral Voltage Displacement (NVD) shall be set to have:
(a) A pickup of at least 50% of the zero sequence voltage measured for an earth fault at the
remote end of the circuit (i.e. at the sending end), when the line is supplied solely through the
33/11kV transformers.
(b) A pickup greater than the resulting zero sequence voltage experienced for a high resistance
fault on an adjacent feeder that would need to be cleared by that feeder’s SEF protection.
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(c) A pickup above the maximum expected zero sequence voltage due to unbalanced loads on
the feeder.
(d) a definite time setting of 10 seconds

Set NVD = 0.3 Vn
VT Ratio 33000/110
Voltage Setting (V) 33
Time setting (sec) 10
Characteristic DT
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Capacitor bank protection
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1- Over Current & Earth Eault
Number of stage = 5
Stage size = 1 MVAR
A- Time Delayed over current ( 51):
KA
Refer to MZEC policy the current setting should be 1.3 times capacitor circuit
rating (1R)
Stage rated current= 1000000/(1.732*11000) =52.5
1R = Stage rated current * number of stages
= 52.5*5 =262.5
Current setting =1.3* 262.5 =341.25
set =400 A
:TMS = 0.1 As per MZEC protection policy
CT Ratio 400/1
TMS 0.100
I/Ip = 12760/400 =32 accordingly only 20 Ip will be used = 8000
T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS) ^0.02 -1)
= 0.14*0.1/(8000/400) ^0.02-1) = 0.2267 sec
B- Instantaneous over current (50):
As per MZEC policy If the capacitor consists of N capacitor banks that will be
individually switched into service, then current setting set to:
= (N+5) x rating of one capacitor bank
=(5+5) *52.5 =525
But this value very low to be considered
The Min fault level = 7.1 kA & OC Stage-1 C.S = 400 CR ratio: 400/1
IOC can be less than 7.1 and more than 400, consider 5 * 400 =2000
Set IOC = 2000
CT Ratio 400/1
Time ms 0.0
Page 30 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
C- Time Delayed Earth Fault ( 51N)
CT Ratio 400/1
TMS 0.100
I/Ip = 12760/40 =319 accordingly only 20 IEp will be used = 800
T = 0.14* TMS/((IF/IS) ^0.02 -1)
= 0.14*0.1/(800/40) ^0.02-1)
=0.2267 sec
D- Over & Under Voltage Protection (27 & 59)

VT Ratio: 33000/sqrt (3)/110/sqrt (3)
As per MZEC policy over voltage pickup should be 110 % of rated voltage
Vs =1.1 *110 =121 V
Time setting 5 sec
VT Ratio 33000/110
Characteristic DT
Under voltage setting 80 % of the rated voltage

Vs = 0.8 *110 =88 V
Time setting 5 sec
VT Ratio 33000/110
Characteristic DT
Page 31 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
O/C setting summary
O/G feeder /Cap bank 11KV bus coupler 11kv Incomer 33 TR feeder
CT Ratio 300/5 / 400/1 1200/1 1200/1 400/1
Current setting 5.0 / 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
TMS 0.1 0.12 0.19 0.28
Curve type IEC Inverse IEC Inverse IEC Inverse IEC Inverse
E/F setting summary
O/G feeder /CAP OG feeder SEF 11KV bus 11kv Incomer 11 TR SBEF
bank coupler
CT Ratio 300/5 / 400/1 300/1 1200/5 1200/1 1200/1
Current 0.5 / 0.1 0.175 0.1 0.1 0.1

setting
TMS 0.1 5 sec 0.21 0.32 0.43
Curve type IEC Inverse IEC DT IEC Inverse IEC Inverse IEC Inverse
Page 32 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
Power Transformer Differential

Protection
Page 33 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
Relay type : Siemens 7UT61
Rated current : 1A
Power Transformer Data :
20 MVA , 33/11.5 KV , number of taps = 13 , nominal tap : 4 , bandwidth = 1.67 %
Max voltage = 34.65 (Tap :1 )
Min voltage = 34.049 (Tap :13 )
IN = S /(sqrt(3) * V L-L )
HV side ( Side-1) :
IN side-1 = 20000/(1.732*33)
=349.9 A
CT Ratio :400/1
I sec = 349.9/400 =0.875
K1 =400/349.9 = 1.143
IN side-1 at tap 1 = 20000/(1.732*34.65) =333.25
= 333.25/400 =0.833 secondary
I1 = INsec * K1 =0.833 * 1.143 = 0.952 A
IN side-1 at tap 13 = 20000/(1.732*28.049) =411.8 A
= 411.8/400 =1.0295 secondary
I1 = IN sec * K1 =1.0295 * 1.143 = 1.177 A
Page 34 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
LV side :
IN side-2 = 20000/(1.732*11)
=1004.08 A
CT Ratio :1200/1
IN side-2 sec =1004.08/1200
K2= 1200/1004.08 = 1.195
I2= IN sec * K2 =0.837 * 1.195 = 1 A
Ιdiff = |Ι1 + Ι2|
At nominal tap Idiff = |1 - 1 | =0
At tap -1
Idiff = |0.952 - 1 | =0.048 A
At tap -13
Id = |1.177 - 1 | =0.177 A
The maximum differential current when tap changer at tap -13
Stage-1 Setting :
Page 35 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
Should be More than Idiff at tap-13 +CT error +Relay error
Assume CT error = 0.005 (Class X) and Relay error = 0.005
Idiff >0.177 + 0.005+0.005 =0.187
Set I diff > = 0.2
Restrain Current (Istab ):
Ιstab = |Ι1| + |Ι2|=1.117 + 1 =2.117
Slope setting
Slope = Idiff/Istab *100 %
Slope-1 should be greater than 0.177/2.177 = 8.1 %
Slope-1 >8.1 %
Set Slope-1 = 20 %
Slope-2 :
To avoid mal-operation of 87T due to current Transformer saturation during heavy

external fault
Set slope-2 to 70 %
Base point calculation :
Base point for slope-1 : (0.0)
Slope-1 should be working up to maximum loading condition
Take the max load 125 %
Istab= 1.25 |I1| +1.25 |I2 | = 2.5
Base point for slope-2: (2.5, 0)
Slope-2 stability verification
Hence the highest diff current proved @ Tap-13 will consider this tap for worst case
@ Tap 13
IN side-1 at tap 13 = 20000/(1.732*28.049) =411.8 A
Hv side Max through fault = 411.8/0.1252= 3289 A
IN side-1 = 8.2 A secondary
Page 36 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
IN side-2 = 20000/(1.732*11500) =1004.08
Lv side Max through fault = 1004.08/0.1252 = 8019.0 A
IN side-2 = 8019/1200 =6.68
Considering 75 % saturation error
IN side-2 = 1.67 A secondary
Ιdiff = |Ι1 + Ι2|
= |8.2-1.67| =6.53
Ιstab = |Ι1| + |Ι2|
Ιstab = |8.2| + |1.67| = 9.87
Slope = Idiff/Istab *100 %
= 6.53/9.87 = 0.66
This prove that Diff will be stable with selected slope 70%
Differential Stage-2 (High Setting):
IN =1004.08 , Z% for TR1=12.52 , CT Ratio 1200/1
The maximum fault current at transformer terminal I sc max can be calculated as:
I s.c max = I N/ Z %
= 1004.08/0.1252
=8019 A
=8019/1200=6.7 Secondary
I diff >> should be greater than I s.c max
Set I diff >> = 7.0
Harmonic Restrain:
Based on best practice and previous calculations and relay manufacturer information
the setting can be :
Second harmonic = 15 %
5 th harmonic = 30 %
Item Setting value

I diff > 0.2
Page 37 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
I diff >> 7.0

Slope-1 20 %
Slope-2 70 %
Base point-1 (0,0)
Base point-1 (0,2.5)
Second harmonic 15 %
5 th harmonic 30%
Page 38 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
Power Transformer Restricted Earth fault

Protection
Page 39 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
Is.c max = 12.76 kA ,Is.cmin =6.71 kA
SC impedance Zsc % = 12.52 , IFL = 1004 A , ITR SC = 1004 /0.1252 =8019 A
ITR SC > Is.cmin accordingly ITR SC (8.019 KA) will be used
CT Data
CT Ratio: 1200/1, VK =350 v , Imag < 10 mA @Vk/2
Rct < 2.0 , Rct + Rlead =2.1 Ω (Asummed) , RRelay =0.05 Ω
No of CT’s in parallel (N) =4
Stability calculation :
Vs Should be more than vs vsmin
vsmin =Is.cmax * Isn/Ipn*( Rct + Rlead)
= (8019*1*2.1) /1200 = 14 v ,
Set vs = 20 v vs > vsm and vk > 2vs (350 > 40)
Current Setting calculation :
Ifl =MVA/ ( √3 vL-L ) = 20000/(√3 × 11500 ) = 1004 A
Is = Ip des × Ins/1200 – N × I mag × vs/vk
Considering Ip desired = 15% of IFL
Ip des = 0.15×1004 = 150 A
Is = 0.12, set Iset to 0.15 A
Stabilizing Resistor Calculation :
Rs = vs/Is -RRelay = 20/0.15 - 0.05 Neglect RRelay
Rstab = 135 Ω
Ises = 0.15 , vs = 20 v , RStab = 135 Ω
Rs range : 0 – 1000 Ω
Stabilizing resistor minimum continuous power = Vs^2 /Rs = 400/135 = 3 watts
Page 40 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
Non linear Resistor Calculation (Metrosil) :
The maximum peak voltage across the relay can be found by :

Vp =2*(sqrt (2*Vk *(VF max –V))
VF max=Is.c max * Isn/Ipn*( Rstab + Rrelay)
= 8019 *1/1200*(135+.05)
= 902.5 v
Vp =2*(sqrt (2*350*(902.5-350)))
=1.243 kv
Metrosil resistor Not required because the peak voltage not more than 3 Kv
Page 41 of 44
Project
Hospital S/S
Annexure-1: Detailed ETAP Reports:
The ETAP detailed reports are attached in following pages.
Page 42 of 44
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Hospital S/S
Protection Setting – overcurrent & earth

fault
Page 43 of 44
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Hospital S/S
Over Current and Earth Fault TOC Curves
Page 44 of 44

NIZWA INDUSTRIAL Fault CALC (REV. 1)

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NIZWA INDUSTRIAL Fault CALC (REV. 1)

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T-36/2017:

Replacement of Protection Relays in 11KV

RELAY SETTING CALCULATION

NIZWA INDUSTRIAL PSS

Done by : Mustafa Hamid

1.0 Source Data

2.0 Fault Calculations – ETAP

3.0 Consideration of Calculations

4.0 Relay setting calculations

1.1. Short Circuit Current (As per MZEC data):

No. Description 33 kV BUS

1.2. Short Circuit MVA:

No. Description 33 kV BUS

1.3. 33kV Line Data:

Positive Sequence impedance = 0.080+0.105i Ω/km

1.4. Transformers Data:

Transformer TR-1 TR-2

2.0 Manual Calculation:

2.1 Per Unit Transformation

Isc pu 1-ph = 3 x Io = 3 x E / (Z1pu + Z2 pu + Zo pu)

KVb = 33 kV & MVAb = 20 MVA

Ib = 20000 / (√3 ∗ 33 ) = 349.9 A

2.1.3 1-ph fault:

Isc pu 3-ph = 3 x Io = 3 x E / (Z1pu + Z2pu + Zopu)

57.22 = 3 x 1 / (j 0.116686+ j 0.116686 + Zo pu)

2.2 For Cables:

Z1 pu = 0.1252 & X/R = 24

Assume Z1 pu=Z2 pu=Zo pu= 0.005212+j 0.12509

Neg. seq. Not

Zero seq. Not

Z T pu = ZS1 min pu + (ZL1 1 pu + ZTR1 1 pu ) // ( ZL2 1 pu + ZTR2 1 pu )

= j 0.017472 +( 0.013169 + j 0.019298 + 0.005212+j 0.12509) //

IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage, E= 1pu)

∴IF pu = 1 / 0.07650 85.403°

Ibase = 20 / (1.732 x 11.5) = 1004 A

Isc 3-ph max = 11.59KA

Z T pu = (ZS1 pu +ZLine-2 pu + ZTR2 1 pu)

IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage , E= 1 pu)

∴IF pu = 1/0.1629 ∠ 83.5

Isc 3-ph min = 6.163 KA

For 1-ph fault the sequential circuit will be as in fig (3)

Z T pu = ZS1 min pu + (ZL1 1 pu + ZTR1 1 pu ) // ( ZL2 1 pu + ZTR2 1 pu ) +

= j 0.017472 +( 0.013169 + j 0.019298 + 0.005212+j 0.12509) //

Isc 1-ph max = 12.77 KA

For 1-ph fault the sequential circuit will be as in fig (4)

Z T pu = [(j 0.017472 +0.013169 + j 0.019298+ 0.005212+j 0.12509)+ (j 0.017472 +0.013169 + j

IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage , E= 1pu)

∴Io pu = 1 / 0.2065 87.78° 2.218 84.65° Lag.

IF pu = 3 x Io pu = 3 x 2.2184 = 6.655 84.6° Lag.

Ibase = 20 / (1.732 x 11.5) = 1004 A

Isc 1-ph max = 6.68 K

3.0 Fault Calculation by ETAP Software:

3.1 Max 3-phase fault:

ETAP detailed reports are given in Annexure-1.

ETAP Software Results MANUAL CALCULATION

 relay setting calculation done by with the following considerations:

o E/F graded up to 11 kV incomer only ( TR delta / Star )

 33 kV TR feeder Instantaneous O/C considered 1.25 of max through fault current to

Over Current and Earth Fault RELAY

Over Current PROTECTION COORDINATION

Over Current Protection Coordination:

Set 1.5 of Tr rating = 1.5* 26.24 = 40 A Set =2 of Tr rating = 50 A

IP : pickup value , I : Fault current