Design & Development of

Water Purification System

Prepared by Group 23, supervised by Ap Dr Ainul Akmar Mokhtar
INTRODUCTION
u 700 million of the population
still does not have access to an
improved water source.
u unsafe drinking water and the
unavailability of water for
hygiene would lead to 88% of
deaths from diarrheal diseases
(Prüss-Üstün, 2008)
u The most suitable approach in
enhancing the consumption of
water in our everyday life
would be to conduct
purification process towards the
water source

Suitable approach à
Purification System
WATER PURIFICATION
u Process of eliminating and removing unwanted contaminants, chemicals and
suspended particles from a water source. **
u FILTERED WATER is not PURIFIED WATER

Filtered Water Purified Water

process involves solely on the removal of Includes removal of minerals from the
particles, contaminants and impurities water through reverse osmosis and
from the original water source. distillation process

(Aquasana, 2017)
u Common contaminants in Malaysian water source - microorganism, small
particles, inorganic and organic elements.
u Most commonly used in UTP - The Harry CHP-590N (datum)

** according to WHO
 PROBLEM
STATEMENT OBJECTIVE
(based on Survey conducted on
115 respondents)

Insufficient Q* of To design a water

supplied water. Water purification system
supplied by Coway is that is able to meet
intended for the demand of UTP
household scale. students

Lack of maintenance
and improper hygiene To adopt the best
design mechanism
causing deteriorating
that can be easily
in dispensed water
maintained.
quality.

Q* - Volume Flow Rate

 SURVEY RESULT
based on Survey conducted on 115 respondents

Feedback on Lack of Feedback On Dispensing Feedback on Water Quality

Drinking Water Supply Flow Rate
60
20%
50 48.3
NO
23%
40

30
24.1

20
YES 10.3 10.3
77% 10 6.9 80%

0
SLOW AVERAGE FAST VERY FAST VERY
YES NO SLOW YES (AWARE) NO (NOT AWARE)
 SCOPE OF STUDY

Direct Purification Calculation of Purification process Economic analysis

System from Piping Estimated Vout; based on the will be done based
System based on 5- 60L/hr based on Comparison on the Present
8 bar pressure Poiseuille Law between Class IIA Worth assessed
depending on water with WHO within the timeline
height standard of 5 Years
01 02 03
04
 Water Quality Comparison of Class IIA water Process Literature Review
supply based on V based Malaysian Sand, multimedia (sand, garnet and anthracite),
Environmental Quality Report (EQR) 2006 against Sediment Filtration zeolite and polypropylene membrane are filtration
WHO Drinking Water Standard (WHO, 2005) media for sediment (Dvorak & Skipton, n.d.)

LITERATURE REVIEW
For example, the sand bed filter captures
particulates on a permeable surface which is known
Sand Filtration
as surface filter and then within a porous body of
material which is known as depth filter
(Harald, 2003)
zeolite is more effective in removing fine particles
in the 0.5µ to 10µ range compared to conventional
Zeolite Filtration media such as sand and multimedia (Foreman,
1985; Johnson & Petersen, 1999; Hansen, 1997;
Fuger, 2003)
The removal of these minerals could be carried out
Hardness
by the process of softening the water through an
Treatment
ion exchange process (Oram,2018).
several method to filter inorganic compounds in
Organic and
water such as chemical coagulation, lime softening,
Inorganic
activated carbon, reverse osmosis, and ionic
Disinfection
exchange (Committee, 1976).
According to Ee Yau et al. (2016), bacteria
Bacteria
including E. coli can develop on the filter of water
Disinfection
vending machines achieving considerable level
METHODOLOGY
PROCESS FLOW CHART
GANNT CHART & KEY MILESTONES
 DATUM SELECTION;
The Harry CHP-590N Product Specification
THE HARRY CHP-590N PROCESS

01 02 03 04
Neo-Sense Filter Coway Nanotrap Inno-Sense Filter Ceramic Filter
• Removes Filter • Removes odour • Prevents
particles, • Electromagnetic causing microorganisms’
chlorine and force being particles to growth in
volatile organic used to reduce improve water purifier system
compounds bacteria taste
Physical
Decomposition
Tree
Functional
Decomposition
Tree
 DESIGN
CONCEPTS
COMPARISON
AND SELECTION
 SUB- OPTION (All models in the table are certified by NSF)
FUNCTION A B C D

MORPHOLOGY CHART
Sediment
Removal

Pentair DGD-
Aqua Pure AP903 Aqua Pure AP811 AP11T Water Filter System
5005

Chlorine and
Harmful
Chlorine By-
Products
Pentair EPM-20 BB 4.5" x
Removal CBR2-10
Aqua Pure AP903 3MDW301 20" 10 Mic Big Blue Carbon
Carbon Block
Briquette Filter

TOC Reduction
(Prevent
growth of
microorganism
Ultra-Filtration
and kill Whole House Ultra Violet
Membrane
bacteria) VIQUA VT4 Aqua Pure APUV5 Disinfection System (Cactus-
Water Filtration
8)
System
CONCEPT #1 (JOVAN) CONCEPT #2 (ANAS)
CONCEPT #3 (HAMIZAN) CONCEPT #2 (DIYANA)
CONCEPT #3 (REI)
KANO MODEL
SELECTION
Confidence Level Maturity Scale Prioritization Category Maturity Scale
Maximum 4 Key Differentiator 4
High 3 Must Have 3
Medium 2 Performance 2
Low 1 Delighter 1
Minimum 0 Indifferent 0
 Severity Likelihood Level
Requirement impossible to meet Certain – Almost certain to occur
5

Significant gap between solution and

Likely – Probably will occur
requirement 4

Requirement not met Possible – Serious possibility to occur

3

Requirement marginally not met Unlikely – Possible but with low

(slightly outside the tolerance) probability to occur 2

Requirement still met (within the

Rare – Not expected to occur
tolerance) 1
Water Purification System
Design Concept 1 (Jovan)
Architecture Definition KANO Analysis

Purpose of this exercise:

1. To identify water purification system architecture based on requirements and risk.
2. To evaluate different architectures of water purification system based on requirements.
3. To select the best architecture of water purification system.

Requirement Type Requirement Name Maturity Score Prioritization Severity Likelihood Max Risk Score Risk Score

Able to cater flowrate of 60L/hr

1. Functional 4 4 1 3 3 0.48

1. Functional Fulfil the water quality standard of WHO 3 3 2 3 6 0.72

4. Maintanability Can be maintained. Spare parts available.(Difficulty to maintain) 2 2 2 3 6 0.48

4. Maintanability Maintenance needs to be done at least once for every 6 months 2 3 1 2 2 0.24

Present worth, annual worth and future worth of the concept exceed COWAY-Harry's (Refer
6. Total Cost of Ownership 3 4 2 2 4 0.64
Table 6-5)

9. System Piping design or components of water purification system are compatible with any brands 3 4 2 4 8 1.28

10. HSE NSF certification for each component 4 3 1 2 2 0.24

11. Other/Non-Functional Does not infringe existing patent of same product. 4 4 1 2 2 0.32

17.6
 Design Concept 2 (Khairul) Design Concept 3 (Hamizan) Design Concept 4 (Diyana) Design Concept 5 (Rei)

Max Risk
Severity2 Likelihood3 Max Risk Score4 Risk Score5 Severity6 Likelihood7 Max Risk Score8 Risk Score9 Severity10 Likelihood11 Risk Score13 Severity14 Likelihood15 Max Risk Score16 Risk Score17
Score12

1 3 3 0.48 4 3 12 1.92 3 3 9 1.44 1 3 3 0.48

1 2 2 0.24 1 2 2 0.24 2 3 6 0.72 2 3 6 0.72

3 4 12 0.96 2 4 8 0.64 2 4 8 0.64 2 3 6 0.48

1 4 4 0.48 1 2 2 0.24 1 2 2 0.24 1 2 2 0.24

4 3 12 1.92 2 2 4 0.64 3 3 9 1.44 2 2 4 0.64

3 4 12 1.92 2 4 8 1.28 2 4 8 1.28 2 4 8 1.28

1 2 2 0.24 1 2 2 0.24 1 2 2 0.24 1 2 2 0.24

1 2 2 0.32 1 2 2 0.32 1 2 2 0.32 1 2 2 0.32

26.24 22.08 25.28 17.6

 COST ANALYSIS
COWAY HARRY 1 (Jovan) 2(Khairul) 3(Hamizan) 4(Diyana) 5(Rei)
Design Concept
-1,476.00 2,167.94 11,015.35 -3,241.28 -4,765.87 -1,989.48
Net Cash Flow at Year, RM
0

1 -2,267.58 -1,379.52 -1,294.02 -791.58 -1,365.43 -1,859.47

2 -2,267.58 -1,379.52 -1,294.02 -1,356.93 -1,365.43 -1,859.47

3 -2,267.58 -1,379.52 -1,294.02 -791.58 -1,365.43 -1,859.47

4 -2,267.58 -2,027.32 -1,294.02 -2,004.73 -1,365.43 -3,049.35

5 -2,267.58 -1,379.52 -8,732.48 -2,462.49 -9,762.89 -1,859.47

Interest rate (loan), i% 12 12 12 12 12 12

Present Worth, RM -8616.18 -6743.29 -17768.56 -7379.05 -12904.36 -8436.29
Annual Worth, RM -2390.21 -1870.66 -4929.17 -2047.02 -3579.8 -2340.31
Ranking * Datum 1 - 2 - 3
FINALIZED DESIGN
PARAMETERS AND
CALCULATION
COMPONENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS
 COMPONENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS
VIQUA VT4 (10)
PENTAIR DGD-5005 (4) Maximum Flowrate: 13.23 L/min
Flowrate: 38 L/min @ <0.1 bar Power Consumption: 20W
Dimensions: 114mmx 508mm Maximum Pressure: 125 psi
Degree of filtration: 5 micron nominal Chamber Dimensions: 436mm x 65mm
Inlet Dimensions: 1/2" MPT
Outlet Dimensions: 1/2" MPT

AQUA PURE AP903 (6) WATER HOSE WITH MALE THREADED

Flow rate: 75.7 L/min FITTINGS (1,3,5,7)
Capacity: 100000 gallons Pipe size: 1 x 1
Maximum pressure: 862kPa Inside diameter: 1”
Dimensions: 637 mm x 114 mm Bend radius: 3”
Degree of filtration: 5-micron nominal Maximum pressure: 150 psi @ 72o F
Inlet/Outlet Size: 1” NPT Material: SBR Rubber
Cover material: SBR Rubber
WATER HOSE WITH MALE THREADED
FITTINGS (13)
Pipe size: 3/8 x 3/8
Inside diameter: 3/8”
Bend radius: 4.5”
Maximum pressure: 120 psi
Material: Blended Rubber
Cover material: Blended Rubber
VALVE (2)
Material: Seat (PTFE),Packing (PTFE),
Ball (Brass),Body (Brass)
Valve operation: Handle
Valve type: Ball
WATER HOSE WITH MALE THREADED
FITTINGS (19,11)
Pipe size: 1/2 x 1/2
Inside diameter: 1/2”
Maximum pressure: 120 psi @ 150o F
FAUCET TAP (14)
Suitable for hot and cold water temperature
Connection type: Pipe
Pipe size: 3/8’’
Thread type: NPS
Gender: Female
Material: Chrome-Plated Brass
Lever material: Plastic
STRAIGHT REDUCER (8,12)
At (8)
Pipe size: A = 1”, B = 1/2’’
At (12)
A = 1/2”, B = 3/8’’
Maximum pressure: 60 psi
Temperature range: -450o to 550oF
Material: PTFE Plastic
 HAGEN-POISEUILLE EQUATION
32&∆'())
∆" =
+,
Parameters Description
ΔP Pressure difference between two points
∆' Length of pipe
µ Dynamic viscosity
v Fluid velocity
D Pipe diameter

40
- = .. 01213 , - = 0. 7809:;
5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Finalized to use sediment filter, granulated activated carbon and ultraviolet lamps
for improving the water purification system used in UTP and meeting the needed
processes as mentioned earlier. Design concept 1 meets the requirement of
maintenance once for every 6 months.

This product meets the requirement and regulations provided by World Health
Organisation (WHO) and tested in strict procedures by National Sanitation
Foundation (NSF) International

Profitable compared to COWAY-HARRY that has been marketed and used for a long
time
Q&A SESSION