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Outline1
ECHO-questions
You can speak what languages?
You would like which one?
She was dating who?
You are going where?
Indirect questions
Can you tell me what languages you can speak?
Can you tell me which one you would like?
Can you tell me who she was dating?
Can you tell me where you are going?
1 You find in this outline the content of the slides that I project during the course, which contain the
main topics and also structures and diagrams which may be difficult and time consuming for you to
copy during my lecture. They are made available to you before class to save time and to make note-
taking easier, but not unnecessary! The outline as such (without your notes covering the detailed
explanations that I give during the course) cannot constitute a sufficient source of information when
preparing for the exam. If you miss the class, it is strongly recommended that this outline be used as
a guide to the bibliography indicated at the end of this document.
Course 8 Page 1
Syntactic features: --subject-auxiliary inversion
--fronting of wh-word Move! to leftward
syntactic positions
(Left periphery)
Relative clauses
Syntactic features: -- NO subject-auxiliary inversion
--fronting of wh-word
Page 2
(i) Maria knows that George visited the house.
Page 3
...the day when George visited the house.
Crelative referentially connects the nominal sister of its maximal projection with its
specifier.
Belfast English:
I wonder [which dish that they picked.]
They didn’t know [which model that we had discussed.]
Page 4
What languages can you can speak what languages?
-- [interr] triggers the movement (Copy! & Adjoin!) of the closest c-commanded Tense
-- [uWh] triggers the movement (Copy! & Merge!) of the closest wh-word in the
structure
Page 5
Echo questions
Move! is subject to the economy principle Procrastinate: the more costly overt
movement is triggered only by strong features.
Page 6
When, during the syntactic computation, the derivation reaches a stage which is
relevant for phonetic interpretation, at this point called Spell-Out, the derivation splits
into the PF object which is shipped to the phonetic interface, and the LF object
which is subject to further derivation required for the semantic interpretation.
PF requirement: all strong features be checked. Thus overt movement must take
place before Spell-Out.
Bibliography:
Andrew Radford (2004) Minimalist Syntax. Exploring the structure of English,
Cambridge University Press, pp. 52-57, 188-228
Page 7