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Philippine Literature under Spanish Colonial period

Spanish occupied Philippines in early 15th century. The First Filipino alphabet is Alibata –when Spanish
colonized Philippines they changed Alibata into Roman alphabet.

Spanish banned the use of Alibata because they believed that it is a work of evil. So Spanish fully
introduced the Spanish literary language using many Spanish terms.

The European literature was brought by the Spaniards and are assimilated in Filipino songs and
indigenous themes. The early printing press in the Philippine is run and monopolized by the Spaniards
friars.

During Spanish colonization Filipinos felt that they being harassed by the Spaniards. Then the Birth of
the Propaganda movement and La Solidaridad. Then Filipino fought and introduced Tagalog to be the
language of revolution of the nationalist movement.

Literature under Spanish Colonial period

ORAL LITERATURE (SONGS, RELIGIOUS DRAMA)

SONGS -- A song is a composition for voice or voices, performed by singing. A choral or vocal song
maybe accompanied by musical instruments, or it may be unaccompanied, as in the case of a cappella
songs. The lyrics (words) of songs are typically of a poetic, rhyming nature, though they maybe religious
verses or free prose.

 LERON LERON SINTA -- This song depicts humbleness. It’s the story of a man who tries to show
what he got to win the heart of his beloved one.
 SARUM BANGGI -- a Kundiman which means “one night” or “one evening” in Bicol. A kundiman
is a Filipino love song traditionally sung by a man wooing the woman of his dreams.

RELIGIOUS DRAMA - The religious drama, as setting forth events recorded in the Bible or moral lessons
to be drawn from religious teaching, is distinctively medieval in character, and in origin is closely
connected with the services of the Church.

 Panunuluyan (Tagalog for "asking for lodgings") is a Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual
narrating the Holy Family search for a place to stay in Bethlehem for Jesus Christs birth through
song.

DRAMA -- is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The enactment of drama in
theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of
production and a collective form of reception.

 “Why Women Wash the Dishes” (Bakit Babae ang Naghuhugas ng Pingga) is a play that depicts a
betting game between couple whom either one would not like to wash the dishes. The play is
filled with humor and antiques.

WRITTEN LITERATURE (SHORT STORIES, POETRY)

POETRY -- is an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic
language choices so as to evoke an emotional response. Poetry has been known to employ meter and
rhyme, but this is by no means necessary. The very nature of poetry as an authentic and individual mode
of expression makes it nearly impossible to define.

 FLORANTE ATLAURA The story is about the love and determination of the Duke Florante and the
Princess Laura of Albania while being pursued by the usurper Count Adolfo.

SHORTSTORIES -- A short story is a brief work of literature, usually written in narrative prose. A classic
definition of a short story is that one should be able to read it in one sitting

 CONVICT’S TWILIGHT - The short story revolves around one thing –Freedom. Or more clearly, it
seeks to define what is freedom, and what sense it makes to those who are not free; slaved for
the atonement of their sins.

RIZAL AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES (JOSE RIZAL, MARCELO DEL PILAR, ANDRES BONIFACIO)

SELECTEDWORKS OF JOSE RIZAL

JOSE RIZAL -- He is considered one of the national heroes of the Philippines. Studying in Europe, he was
the most prominent advocate for reform in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. He was
wrongly implicated as the leader of the Katipunan Revolution, and that led to his execution on
December 30,1896, now celebrated as Rizal Day, a national holiday in the country

 ULTIMO ADIOS -- A poem written by Philippine national hero Dr José Rizal on the eve of his
execution on 30 December 1896.This poem was one of the last notes he wrote before his death;
another that he had written was found in his shoe but because the text was illegible, its
contents remains a mystery.

SELECTED WORKS OF MARCELO H.DEL PILAR

MARCELO H.DEL PILAR - He was a celebrated figure in the Philippine Revolution and a leading
propagandist for reforms in the Philippines. Popularly known as Plaridel, he was the editor and co-
publisher of La Solidaridad (The Solidarity).

 DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN - This is a satire on the friars hypocrisy, licentiousness and greed, which
consists of parodies of the Sign of the Cross, the Act of Contrition, the Lords Prayer, the Hail
Mary, and the catechism. Rizal considers this as a model of classical prose and an excellent
example of Tagalog humor, wit, and DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN

SELECTEDWORKS OF ANDRES BONIFACIO “Father of the Philippine Revolution,"

 PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA – This poem which was first published in the Diariong Tagalog.
As the title indicates, the theme is directed to the Filipinos in order to arouse their spirit of
nationalism and self-dependence.
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

Philippine literary production during the American Period in the Philippines was spurred by two
significant developments in education and culture. One is the introduction of free public instruction for
all children of school age and two, the use of English as medium of instruction in all levels of education
in public schools.

Free public education made knowledge and information accessible to a greater number of Filipinos.
Those who availed of this education through college were able to improve their social status and joined
a good number of educated masses who became part of the country’s middleclass.

The use of English as medium of instruction introduced Filipinos to Anglo-American modes of thought,
culture and lifeways that would be embedded not only in the literature produced but also in the psyche
of the country’s educated class. It was this educated class that would be the wellspring of a vibrant

Philippine literature in English, as a direct result of American colonization of the country, could note
scape being imitative of American models of writing especially during its period of apprenticeship.

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE UNDER AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

33. Romantic Poetry TagalogNovelBeginning ofPhil Litin English

TAGALOG NOVEL -- A novel is along prose narrative that describes fictional characters and events in the
form of a sequential story, usually. A Tagalog novel is a novel written in,of course, Tagalog.

TAGALOG NOVEL is one of the first literary novels written by Filipino author Lope K. Santos in the
Tagalog language in 1906. As a book that was considered as the "Bible of working class Filipinos", the
pages of the novel revolves around the life of Delfin, his love for a daughter of a rich landlord, while
Lope K. Banaag at Sikat

ROMANTIC POETRY -- The dominant theme of Romantic poetry: the filtering of natural emotion through
the human mind in order to create art, coupled with an awareness of the duality created by such a
process.

 PAG-IBIG - José Corazón de Jesús , was a Filipino poet who used Tagalog poetry to express the
Filipinos desire for independence during the American occupation of the Philippines, a period
that lasted from 1901 to 1946.He is best known for being the lyricist of the Filipino song Bayan
Ko.

SHORT STORIES -- A short story is a brief work of literature, usually written in narrative prose. A classic
definition of a short story is that one should be able to read it in one sitting

 We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers - This is a short story written by Alejandro Roces during his
freshman year in Arizona State University. He was well known for his humorous stories and whit
in writing. “We Filipinos are Mild Drinkers” is dated back to the 1940s.

Beginning of Philippine Literature in English Philippine literature in English By 1901, public education was
institutionalized in the Philippines, with English serving as the medium of instruction. That year around
600 educators in the S.S. Thomas to replace the soldiers who had been serving as the first teachers.
 "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife" -- A story about an occasion that would be a big
day in the life of any family, the day one of the sons of the family brings hope the woman he
intends to marry. The story is told in the first person by Leons younger brother.

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