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SERBD-International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences Volume 01 Issue 02,

ISSN (Online): xxxx-xxxx July-Sept - 2018

A Comprehensive account of ethno-medicinal uses of monocot


flora (reported from February–June)of Karwapani forest Doon
valley-Uttarakhand
Tawseef Ahmad Mir1*, Muatasim Jan2 and Sandeep Dhyani3
1,2,3
Department of Botany, Uttaranchal (PG) College of Bio-medical Sciences and Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
Address:-SewlaKhurd, Transport Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248002.
e-mail: mirtawseef787@gmail.com
Abstract: This paper is based on the results of an ethno-medicinal research conducted in Karwapani forest Doon valley,
Uttarakhand. The survey was undertaken through frequent field visits, interviews and discussions with native tribal communities to
collect information and documentation of these medicinal plants. During the course of study, 48 ethno-medicinally important plant
species belonging to 08 different families were recorded with ethnomedicnal uses. The aim of the study was to gather the valuable
information from the tribal people regarding the plants.
Keywords : Ethnomedicine, Tribal people, Karwapani forest, Uttarakhand.

INTRODUCTION Karwapani forest Uttarakhand which is some 13Km away


There Man has always used the flora to alleviate common from the capital city Dehradun and forms the border line of
sufferings and diseases. Demand for medicinal plants is the state (Figure 1). The forest is about 3-4sq.km and is
increasing in both developing and developed countries. having a dense vegetation cover and is mainly dominated by
About 80% of the world’s population rely on traditional oplismenus compositus. The area is located at 2250 ft. above
health care system (Singh, 2002). The system of ethno- the sea level which is in the latitude 30˚2” to 30˚ 26” (N) and
medicines is a safe and is a low cost therapy for treating Longitude 77˚52" to 78˚- 19" (E). The mean maximum
various diseases and ailments. Ethno medicinal investigations temperature is 19.2°C to 36.6°C and mean minimum
have led to the development of important drugs such as temperature is about 6.3°C to 23.2°C.
reserpine, podophyllotaxin and vinblastine (Idu, 2009).
Ethno-medicinal information on medicinal plants is useful METHODOLOGY
not only in conservation of traditional cultures, but also for The present study was conducted during February to June
community health care and drug development (Farooq et al., 2017 in the Karwapani forest region. The area was
2014). The tribal people use the plants in their unique ways
exhaustively surveyed for this course of study. Usual
mostly for the treatment of various diseases (Kumar et al.,
methods of collection, preservation and maintenance of
2015). There are various economic benefits from the
specimens in herbarium were followed strictly (Joshi et al.,
development of indigenous medicine and the use of
medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases 2014). A collection of plant species were made. After
(Azaizehet al., 2003). As elsewhere, in India too, the collection, the specimens were processed, preserved, and
medicinal use of plants has been practiced since the time mounted on herbarium sheets. Then the plants were identified
immemorial by various rural and tribal communities through with the help of BSI (NRC) Dehradun (Table 1) and by the
the Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems (Gadgil, 1996). help of concerned floras (Gupta, 1969., Babu., 1977, and
Medicinal plants still play a vital role in the primary health Gaur, 1999). Appropriate methodology was used to obtain
care of the people (Akhtar et al., 2018).More than 2800 km the information about the medicinal uses of different plants
long and 300 km wide Indian Himalayan region (IHR) is a from the local population. The information was obtained
mega hotspot of biological diversity (Mayers, 2000). from the people by using the legal questionnaire. Herbal
Uttarakhand which is famous for its medicinal plant diversity healers were mostly consulted during the course of study.
lies in the western Himalayan region. 48 monocots belonging
to 8 different families were reported by Mir et al., (2018) in
Karwapani swamp forest in his survey of monocot flora.
RESULTS
During an ethnobotanical exploration in Karwapani swamp The present study shows that the Karwapani forest of
forest, 54 plant species belonging to 29 Families were Doon valley, Utarrakhand is rich in useful medicinal plants.
documented along with theirethnobotanical uses (Jan et al., During the course of study, a total of 48 medicinally
2018). Keeping into view the present scenario an effort was important plant species belonging to 8 different families were
made to have a comprehensive account of monocot ethno- reported. The complete list of the plant species along with
medicinal flora of Karwapani forest being used by the tribal their medicinal values encountered in the study area have
community. been presented in the table-2. Poaceae (Grass family) was
found to be used abundantly with (26-species), followed by
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cyperaceae (12-species), Commelinaceae (4-species)
Orchidaceae (2-species) shown in figure-2, and the rest were
STUDY AREA found less dominant (figure-3). It was found that various
Dehradun is in the Doon valley on the foothills of the parts of the plants are being used for the treatment of various
Himalayas nestled between the river Ganges on the east and diseases like cough, fever, dysentery, diarrhea, ulcers,
the river Yamuna on the west. The study was carried out in constipation, liver disorders and various other diseases.
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SERBD-International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences Volume 01 Issue 02,
ISSN (Online): xxxx-xxxx July-Sept - 2018

Figure 2: Dominant families being used.

Figure 1: Map Showing the Study Area. Figure 3: Less dominant families being used.

CONCLUSIONS [3] Gadgil M., (1996). Documenting diversity; an


Keeping in view the high cost and various side effects of experiment. Curr Sci. 70(1):36.
allopathic medicines, the use of the medicinal plants for the [4] Gaur R.D., (1999). Flora of District Garhwal with
treatment of different ailments plays a significant role in ethno-botanical notes. Transmedia Publications. Media
meeting the primary health care of the rural communities of House., Srinagar Garhwal.
Karwapani area of Doon valley, Uttarakhand. Since the local [5] Idu Mc-D., (2009). Current trends in ethnobotany. Trop.
population depends on the forests as a result most of the plant J. Pharmaceut. Res. 8 (4): 295-296.
species are being used extensively and are therefore [6] Joshi B., Chandra J., Rakesh K., (2014). The Role of
overharvested. This shrinking population of some plant Medicinal Plants in Livelihood Improvement in
species due to extensive use is a great matter of concern as Uttarakhand. International Journal of Herbal Medicine.
plants form the backbone of our traditional medicinal system. 1(6): 55-58.
Therefore there is a great need to speedily document the [7] Kanjilal U and Gupta B.L., (1969). Forest Flora of
valuable information of medicinal plants andto take Chakrata, Dehradun and Saharanpur Forest Divisions,
immediate steps for the conservation of the same for the Uttar Pradesh. Manager of Publications Delhi. Printed
benefit of mankind. at FRI press, P.L.O. FRI&C, Dehradun.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS [8] Kumar N., Wani Z.A., Dhyani S.,(2015).Ethnobotanical
study of the plants used by the local people of Gulmarg
We are highly thankful to the local tribal community of and its allied areas. Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol.
Karwapani area of Doon valley, Uttarakhand for their help in 2 (9): 16-23.
our data collection regarding the medicinal plants. We are [9] Mayers N., (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for
also highly grateful to Botanical Survey of India (NRC), conservation priorities. Nature. 403:853-858.
Dehradun, for identifying some of our plant specimens. [10] Singh J.S.,(2002). The bio-diversity crises; a
multifaceted review. Curr. Sci. 82(6):638.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST [11] Mir T.A., Dhyani S., Jan M.,(2018). Taxonomic
evaluation of monocot flora in Karwapani swamp
There is not any kind of conflict of interest between the forest, Dehradun, Uttrakhand. Indian forester. 144 (3):
authors. 260-263.
[12] Jan M., Dhyani S., Mir T.A.,(2018). Ethnobotanical
REFERENCES Studies of Some Common Plants of KarwaPani, Sub-
[1] Azaizeh H., Fulder S., Khalil K., Said O.,(2003). Tropical Forest, Doon Valley, Uttarakhand. Int. J. of
Ethnomedicinal knowledge of local Arab Practitioners Curr. Trends in Sci. and Tech. 8 (04): 20288-20294.
in the Middle East Region.Fitoterapia. 74:98–108. [13] Akhtar R., Mir T.A., Showkat S., (2018).
[2] Babu C.R., (1977). The Herbaceous Flora of Dehradun, Ethnomedicinal observations among the inhabitants of
CSIR, Delhi. sarfnaar area of Shiekhpora-Kreeri, Baramulla, Jammu
Farooq A.G., Saggoo M.I.S., Dar M.A., (2014). and Kashmir. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 6(3):
Ethnobotany of some selected Monochlamydeae plant 78-81.
species from the Kashmir Himalayas. India. Med.
Plants Res. 8 (23): 834-839.

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SERBD-International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences Volume 01 Issue 02,
ISSN (Online): xxxx-xxxx July-Sept - 2018

Table 1: Species of plants identified by Botanical survey of India (NRC) with their accession number.

S. No Botanical name Family Accession no.

1 Apluda mutica L. Poaceae 117768


2 Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae 117764
3 Echinocloa colona (L.) Link Poaceae 117767
4 Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. Poaceae 117765/70
5 Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forssk.) Bubani. Cyperaceae 117771
6 Phalaris minor Retz. Poaceae 117766

Table 2:List of monocot medicinal plants used against various human ailments.
S.no Botanical name Common Name Part Used Common uses
(Family)
1 Apluda mutica L. Mauritian grass Whole plant Used as disinfectant and for healing
(Poaceae) minor wounds.
2 Arundo donax L. Giant reed Roots It is used as diaphoretic, emollient,
(Poaceae) diuretic and for headache.
3 Asparagus adscendens Roxb. Asparagus Rhizomes Used for diarrhoea, dysentery, erectile
(Asparagaceae) dysfunction and to increase sperm
count.
4 Bambusa tulda Roxb. Bengal bamboo Leaves Mainly used for deworming of
(Poaceae) intestines.
5 Calamus tenuis Roxb. Rattan Stem Used for blood purification, intestinal
(Arecaceae) worms and stomach problems
6 Capillipedium assimile (Steud.) Scented tops Leaves Used for stomach ache, menstrual
A.Camus disorders and for leucorrhoea.
(Poaceae)
7 Carex nubigena D.Don ex Meyetmonnyin Stem In treatment of jaundice and gastric
Tilloch & Taylor. problems.
(Cyperaceae)
8 Carex paniculataL. Tussock sedge Whole plant Used for microbes, malaria, parasites
(Cyperaceae) and rarely for common cold.
9 Chloris barbata Sw. Swollen finger Whole plant For skin disorder, rheumatism, fever,
(Poaceae) grass diarrhea and diabetes.
10 Commelinia benghalensis L. Bengal dayflower Leaves Used for high blood pressure, sore
(Commelinaceae) eyes, dysentery and rashes.
11 Cyanotis cristata (L.) D.Don Crested cat ears Leaves Used for healing wounds, snake bites,
(Commelinaceae) swelling and jaundice.
12 Cynodon dactylon (L.)Pers. Dhoob grass Whole plant As antiseptic, astringent, demulcent,
(Poaceae) for dropsy, dysentery and epilepsy.
13 Cyperus distans L.f. Slender cyperus Whole plant For digestive disorders, fever,
(Cyperaceae) inflammation and dysmenorrhea.
14 Cyperus iria L. Rice flat sedge Whole plant Used as stimulant, stomachic, tonic,
(Cyperaceae) and for menstrual problems.
15 Cyperus kyllingia Endl. Java grass Whole plant Used For Diarrhoea, measles and for
(Cyperaceae) skin problems.
16 Cyperus niveus Retz. Snow white sedge Leaves Used as anti-diarrheal, anti-spasmodic
(Cyperaceae) and anti-emetic.
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SERBD-International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences Volume 01 Issue 02,
ISSN (Online): xxxx-xxxx July-Sept - 2018

17 Cyperus nutans Vahl Flat sedge Rhizomes It has diuretic, analgesic, sedative and
(Cyperaceae) antibacterial properties.
18 Cyperus rotundus L. Nut sedge Rhizomes It is mainly used for scabies, eczema,
(Cyperaceae) stomach ache and for pain reduction.
19 Cyrtococcumaccrescens(Trin.) Bow grass Leaves It is used as diuretic and is also used
Staff for common cold treatment.
(Poaceae)
20 Dactyloctenium aegypticum (L.) Crowfoot grass Whole plant For pulmonary disorders, diarrhoea
Willd. and dysentery.
(Poaceae)
21 Digitaria biformis Willd. Crab grass Whole plant Used for the treatment of gonorrhoea,
(Poaceae) for cataracts and debility.
22 Dioscorea belophylla (Prain) Nepal yam Leaves It has wound healing, blood clotting,
Voigt ex Haines diuretic and laxative properties.
(Dioscoreaceae)
23 Echinocloa colona (L.) Link Jungle rice Stem Used for spleen trouble, wound
(Poaceae) healing, cracked heals and sores.
24 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Yard grass Whole plant It has anthelmintic, depurative,
(Poaceae) diuretic, febrifuge and laxative
properties.
25 Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Thalialovegrass Whole plant Used in fever, malaria, skin rashes
Trin. ex Steud. and fungal diseases.
(Poaceae)
26 Eragrostis minor Host Little lovegrass Stem It is used for cough, common cold,
(Poaceae) dysentery, vomiting and skin diseases.
27 Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Chinese lovegrass Whole plant Used for wounds, Ulcers and has also
Steud. anti-microbial and anti-fungal
(Poaceae) properties.
28 Eriophorum comosum (Wall.) Cotton grass Roots Used in diarrhoea, has astringent,
Nees diuretic and tonic properties.
(Cyperaceae)
29 Fimbristylis bisumbellata Tall fringe rush Leaves It is used in urination problems and
(Forssk.) Bubani. kidney problems.
(Cyperaceae)
30 Floscopa scandens Lour. Climbing flower Stem It is used in sore eyes, for fractured
(Commelinaceae) cup bones and wound healing.
31 Goodyera procera (KerGawl.) Lady's tresses Whole plant Used to improve blood circulation, as
Hook. tonic and for internal injuries.
(Orchidaceae)
32 Heteropogon contortus (L.) Black speargrass inflorescence Used in sun burns, wound healing,
P.Beauv. rheumatism and for itching.
(Poaceae)
33 Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R.Forst) White water sedge Rhizomes For treatment of fever, sprains, as
Dandy antioxidant and for bruises.
(Cyperaceae)
34 Murdannia divergens (C. B. Naked stem Leaves Used as folk medicine, against
Clarke) G.Bruckn. intestinal worms and as anti-
(Commelinaceae) spasmodic
35 Oplismenus compositus L. Yard grass Whole plant As antiseptic, astringent, demulcent,
(Poaceae) for dropsy and dysentery.
36 Panicum psilopodium Trin. Bare foot grass Leaves Used in rheumatism, erectile
(Poaceae) dysfunction and fractured bones.

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SERBD-International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences Volume 01 Issue 02,
ISSN (Online): xxxx-xxxx July-Sept - 2018

37 Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) Water crown grass Whole plant It has sedative, analgesic and
A.Camus antidepressant properties.
(Poaceae)
38 Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.) Water couch Whole plant It has anti-microbial, insect repellent
Scribn. and anti-inflammatory properties.
(Poaceae)
39 Pennisetum orientale Rich. Fountain grass inflorescence Used for wound healing and cracked
(Poaceae) heals.
40 Phalaris minor Retz. Small canary grass Leaves Used for scabies, fever, dysentery,
(Poaceae) vomiting and blood purification.
41 Poa annua L. Annual meadow Roots Used for sun burns, sore throats, anti-
(Poaceae) grass inflammatory and disinfectant.
42 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Water bent Leaves Used for urinary tract infections, has
Breistr. vermifuge and diuretic properties.
(Poaceae)
43 Saccharum spontaneum L. Kans grass Whole plant Used in vomiting, mental illness,
(Poaceae) anaemia, obesity and weakness
44 Scirpus atrovirens Willd. Wool bulrush Rhizomes For mental illness, analgesic, anti-
(Cyperaceae) acidic and as diuretic.
45 Setaria glauca (L.) P.Beauv. Yellow foxtail Whole plant The plant is diuretic, febrifuge,
(Poaceae) refrigerant and tonic.
46 Themada caudata (Nees.) Rumputpimpin Leaves It has anti-spasmodic, cytotoxic and
A.Camus hypothermic properties.
(Poaceae)
47 Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. Grey orchid Leaves Used in dyspepsia, bronchitis,
G.Don inflammations, piles and rheumatism.
(Orchidaceae)
48 Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe Ginger Rhizome Used in headache, has anti-acidic,
(Zingiberaceae) analgesic, diuretic and laxative
properties.

SUPPLEMENTARY MATTER

Self-captured photographs of some of the plants and herbarium sheets having mounted plants

Cyperus rotundus L. Cynodon dactylon (L.)Pers. Arundo donax L.

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SERBD-International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences Volume 01 Issue 02,
ISSN (Online): xxxx-xxxx July-Sept - 2018

Asparagus adscendens Roxb Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R.Forst) Dandy Cyperus iria L.

Apluda mutica L. Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forssk.) Echinocloa colona (L.) Link

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