11 - Electrical Layout PDF

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Electrical Wiring
Structure and System
TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

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Residential and Commercial General Structure of Electric System

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Service Panel Board
• It is a single panel that includes automatic overcurrent devices used for the protection
of light, heat, or power circuits.
• It is designed to be placed in a cabinet located in or on a wall, partition, or other support.

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S S
C C
CKT1
C C CKT2
CKT3 CKT3
C
CKT4

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Residential and Commercial General Parts of Electric System
Service Entrance
It is a service conductors and equipment for

delivering electric energy from the service electric
utility to the wiring system of the premises served.
Overhead Service
• This is most often installed in residential wiring.

• It is less expensive and takes less time to install.
• Less work in times of trouble and repair
Underground Service
• This is most often installed only as an alternative

to an overhead service.
• This type of service is more attractive and worth
the extra cost and time for the installation.
•If a problem arises, the repair procedure requires
digging of the ground which is more costly than
treating the overhead service.

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Residential Service Entrance Requirements (from NEC*)
The required dimensions for service conductors located alongside a window (left)
and service conductor above the top level of a window that is designed to be
opened (right)
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Trees are not allowed to support

overhead service entrance conductors
If service conductors are within 3 feet measured horizontally from a

balcony, stair landing, or other platform, clearance to the platform of
least 10 feet must be maintained.

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A reduction in service drop conductor clearance above the roof from 8

feet to 3 feet is allowed if the voltage between conductors does not
exceed 300V and the roof is sloped not less than 4 inches vertically in
12 inches horizontally. Steeply roof are less likely to be walked on.
There is no restrictions on the length of tyhe conductors over the roof.

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A reduction of service drop conductor

clearances to 18 inches above the roof is
allowed. This reduction is for service mast
installations where the voltage between
conductors does not exceed 300V and the
mast is located within 4 feet of the edge of
the roof, measured horizontally.
This applies to either a soped or flat roof. Not

more than 6 feet of service drop is permitted
to pass over the roof.

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Below figures shows the minimum service drop vertical clearance over the residential
property. Be aware that some local electric utility companies may require clearance that are
greater than those given by the NEC.

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*National Electric Code

(NEC) is a document that
establishes minimum safety
rules for an electrician to
follow when performing
electrical installation.
Only power conductors can be attached to the

service mast. Cable television wiring or telephone
wiring to be attached to the service mast is not
allowed.

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Service Metering (Watt-Hour Meters)
• The local electric utility meter department usually install the meter into the meter enclosure
once the service entrance is done and the dwelling is ready to receive electrical power.
• This meter measures the amount of electrical energy used by the dwelling’s electrical system.
• The kWh meter works on the principle of magnetic induction. Moving magnetic field cause
currents to flow in an aluminum disk.
• These currents, called “eddy currents” produce magnetic fields that interact with the moving
magnetic fields, causing the disk to rotate like a small electric motor.

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Reading a Kilowatt-Hour Meter

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Grounding (Neutral Conductor)
Its connection can be made at any accessible point from the load end of the service drop or
service lateral to the terminal strip to which the grounded service conductor is connected
at the service disconnecting means.
Necessity of Grounding
• The grounded conductor of an AC service

is connected to a grounding electrode
system to limit the voltage to ground
imposed on the system by lightning, line
surges, and unintentional high-voltage
crossovers.
• To stabilize the voltage to ground during
normal operations including short
circuits.

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Branch Circuits
The part of a distribution system consisting of circuit conductors,

between the final overcurrent protection and the outlet or load attached.

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Feeders
The conductors between the service equipment and the branch-circuit

overcurrent devices are called feeders

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Ground Fault (Overload, Short Circuit) Protective Devices
Fuse
It is an overcurrent protection device that opens a circuit when the fusible link is melted
away by the extreme heat caused by an overcurrent. Two types are plug fuses and cartridge
fuses.

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Circuit Breaker
It is an automatic overcurrent device that trips into an open position and stops the current
in an electrical circuit.

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Circuit Breaker Operation

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Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

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How to install GFCI?

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Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI)

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Receptacles
Outlet – is the point on the wing system at which

current is taken to supply equipment.
They provide ready access to the electrical system

and are defined as a contact device installed at the
outlet for the connection of an attachment plug.

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How to replace Receptacles?

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How to install Receptacles?

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How to install Middle Run Receptacles?

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Special Receptacle Types (Plugs)
For Portable Appliances
These are for small appliances like over toaster, coffee maker, television, refrigerator,
stereo component, PC and is plug into a 15A and 20A receptacles.
For Stationary Appliances
These are appliances like electric range,

clothe dryer or a room air conditioner.
They usually requires large amounts of
current and connected to receptacles
that are designed specifically for the
amperage and voltage that these
appliances need to operate.
For Fixed Appliances
These are fastened in place and are not

easily moved such as built-in cooktops,
electric water heaters, and furnaces.

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Switches (Snap Switch, Toggle Switch, Light Switch)
Switches are devices used to control the various lighting outlets installed in residential and
commercial wiring.
Single-Pole Switch
• The most common type of switch used in

residential wiring.
• This switch is used in 120V circuits to
control a lighting outlet or outlets from
only one location.
Double-Pole Switch
• This switch is used in 240V circuits to

control a load from only one location.
• It is similar in construction to a single-pole
switch but it has four terminal screws
instead of two.

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How to install Switch to Receptacle?

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How to install Receptacle to Swicth?

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Three-Way Switch
• These are use to control a lighting outlet or outlets from two locations.
• It has three terminals.
•Two terminals are called the “travelers terminals” which have the same brass
color and located directly across from each other on opposite sides.
• The other screw terminal is black in color and is called the “common terminal”.
• Three-way switches must always be installed in pairs.

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Four-Way Switch
• Four-way switches are used in conjunction with three-way switches to allow control of a
lighting outlet or outlets from more than two locations.
• One set terminal is black in color (traveller terminals) and the other set is in a lighter brass
color.
• There is no common terminal.

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Dimmer Switch
• These are used to dim or brighten

the light output of a lighting fixture.
Combination Devices
• These are used when more than one

device is needed at one location.
• This type of device has a
combination of two devices, both of
which are mounted on the same
strap.
• It may be a combination of the ff:
two single-pole switches, a single-
pole and a three-way switch
a single-pole and a receptacle
a switch and pilot switch and a light

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How to install Lighting Fixtures?

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What is Electrical Tape?

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Thank
You for listening!
Let’s study Electrical/Wiring and Power Layout Plan…

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Electrical/Wiring and
Power Layout Plan

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Electrical Drawings and Symbols
An electrical drawing, a type of technical drawing that shows information

about power, lighting, and communication for an engineering or architectural project.
Any electrical working drawing consists of "lines, symbols, dimensions, and notations
to accurately convey an engineering's design to the workers, who install the electrical
system on the job"

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Common Architectural Symbols

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Architectural Plan

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Electrical Symbols in an Electrical Drawing
• The electrical drawing must contains many electrical symbols that will show the location
and type of electrical equipment required to be installed as part of the electrical system.
• Electrical drawing is the most important part of the building plan for an electrician.
• The American National Standard Institute (ANSI) provides the standard electrical symbols
for use in electrical drawings.
• However, plans may have symbols that are not standard. If this is the case, a legend is usually included in the
plans which list all the symbols used on the building plans and what they all mean.
AIRCONDITIONING
C
CIRCUIT BREAKER
RANGE CONVENIENCE UNIT OUTLET
ACU
S1 SINGLE POLE SWITCH
WEATHER-PROOF LAMP SOCKET
S2 DUPLEX SWITCH
WP CONVENINCE OUTLET
S3 TRIPLEX SWITCH REFRIGERATOR OUTLET

THUMBLER SWITCH
Ref
S3W THREE WAY SWITCH CONDUIT RUN
SWP WEATHER PROOF SWITCH M SERVICE kWh METER SWITCH RUN
DUPLEX CONVENIENCE SERVICE ENTRANCE HOME RUN PANEL BOARD

OUTLET
GROUND
PANEL BOARD
ENTRANCE HEAD
SAFETY SWITCH
S S

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Electrical Plan

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Residential Design Guidelines
1. The power for lighting is 100VA (if outlet to be served is not specified).
2. The power convenience outlet is 180VA.
3. The maximum distance between convenience outlet is 1.8m (1.5m is preferably used).
4. Wall switches shall be located on the lock side of doors.
5. Lighting outlet shall be separated from convenience outlet to avoid flickering of lamps.
6. Wires and conductors intended for continuous duty shall be loaded not more than 80% of the ampacities.
7. The maximum ampere rating of the branch circuit over current protective device for lighting , small
appliances load and similar branch circuit shall be equal to the ampacity of the branch circuit conductor.
However, if there no standard size of overcurrent
protective device tat corresponds to the ampacity
of the branch circuit conductor, the next higher
standard size may be used.
8. The maximum ampacity of the motor branch circuit
conductor shall be 125% of the full load current
of the motor.
9. The maximum ampere rating of the motor branch
circuit conductor shall be the sum of the full load
current of the motors in the group plus 25% of
the full load current of the largest motor of all.

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Average Power Consumption Table
The figures in this table are approximate. The actual power consumption of your
household appliances may vary significantly from the figures in this chart. Before you do a
final load calculation for your household, we strongly recommend checking the tags and
owners manuals for your appliances to get precise figures.
Appliance – Watts Appliance – Watts Appliance – Watts

Coffee pot – 200 Garage door opener – 350 Compact Fluorescent (CF)
Coffee maker – 800 Ceiling fan – 10-50 vs. Incandescent Wattage*
Toaster – 800-1500 Table fan – 10-25 40 watt incan. – 11 watt CF
Popcorn popper – 250 Electric blanket – 200 60 watt incan. – 16 watt CF
Blender – 300 Blow dryer – 1000 75 watt incan. – 20 watt CF
Microwave – 600-1500 Shaver – 15 100 watt incan. – 30 watt CF
Waffle iron – 1200 Water Pik – 100 Hedge trimmer – 450
Hot plate – 1200 Computer… Weed eater – 500
Frying pan – 1200 laptop – 20-50 1/4" drill – 250
Dishwaher – 1200-1500 desktop – 80-150 1/2" drill – 750
Gbg. disposal – 450 printer – 100 1" drill – 1000
Washing machine… Typewriter – 80-200 9" disc sander – 1200
automatic – 500 TV (25" color) – 150 3" belt sander – 1000
manual – 300 TV (19" color) – 70 12" chain saw – 1100

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Appliance – Watts Appliance – Watts Appliance – Watts

Vaccuum… TV (12" B&W) – 20 14" band saw – 1100
upright – 200-700 VCR – 40 7 1/4" circ. saw – 900
handheld – 100 CD player – 35 8 1/4" circ. saw – 1400
Sewing Machine – 100 Portable stereo – 10-30 Refrig./Freezer – Conventional…
Iron – 1000 Clock radio – 1 20 cubic feet – 540
Clothes dryer… Car stereo – 8 16 cubic feet – 475
electric (n/a) – 4000 Sattelite dish – 30 Sun Frost Refrig./Freezer (DC*)…
gas heated – 300-400 CB radio – 5 16 cubic feet – 112
Heater (n/a)… Electric clock – 3 12 cubic feet – 70
engine block – 150-1000 Radio telephone… Vestfrost Refrig./Freezer…
portable – 1500 receive – 5 10.5 cubic feet – 60
waterbed – 400 transmit – 40-150 Freezer – Conventional…
stock tank – 100 Lights… 14 cubic feet FF – 440
Furnace blower – 300-1000 100w incan. – 100 14 cubic feet – 350
Air Conditioner (n/a)… 25w CF – 28 Sun Frost Freezer (DC)…
room – 1000 50w DC incan. – 50 19 cubic feet – 112
central – 2000-5000 40w DC halogen – 40 Vestfrost Freezer…
Electric mower (n/a) – 1500 20w CF – 22 7.5 cubic feet – 50

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Commonly given size of conductor wire
AWG mm2 Ampacity

(Amp)
14 2 15
12 3.5 20
10 5.5 30
8 8 40
6 14 55
4 22 70
2 30 95
1 38 110
0 50 125

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How do I know to compute for the electrical loading?

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Sample Electrical Plans

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Electrical Wiring and Layout

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STAIR
BEDROOM
REST
ROOM

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When to and how to install actual wiring connection?

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Thank
You for listening!
Let’s study Electrical Safety...
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Electrical Layout

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01

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Residential and Commercial General Structure of Electric System

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Service Panel Board

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

It is a service conductors and equipment for

• This is most often installed in residential wiring.

• This is most often installed only as an alternative

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Residential Service Entrance Requirements (from NEC*)

Trees are not allowed to support

If service conductors are within 3 feet measured horizontally from a

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

A reduction in service drop conductor clearance above the roof from 8

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

A reduction of service drop conductor

This applies to either a soped or flat roof. Not

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

*National Electric Code

Only power conductors can be attached to the

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Service Metering (Watt-Hour Meters)

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Reading a Kilowatt-Hour Meter

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Grounding (Neutral Conductor)

• The grounded conductor of an AC service

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

The part of a distribution system consisting of circuit conductors,

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

The conductors between the service equipment and the branch-circuit

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Ground Fault (Overload, Short Circuit) Protective Devices

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Circuit Breaker Operation

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

How to install GFCI?

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI)

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Outlet – is the point on the wing system at which

They provide ready access to the electrical system

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

How to replace Receptacles?

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

How to install Receptacles?

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

How to install Middle Run Receptacles?

TOPIC TITLE SY / TERM OF EFFECTIVITY PREPARED BY

Special Receptacle Types (Plugs)