ATM CONFIGURATION TUTORIAL &

EXPERIMENT ON ATM CONNECTIVITY

BY

ANANTH V. KINI

MST

SPRING 2001

1
 ATM CONNECTIVITY
The equipments to be used for this experiment are:

1. The CISCO Lightstream 1010 switch.

2. The Adtech AX/4000 tester.

1. The CISCO Lightstream 1010 switch:

The CISCO LightStream 1010 uses a five-slot, modular chassis featuring the option of
dual, fault-tolerant, load-sharing power supplies. (See Figure 1) The central slot in the
LightStream 1010 is dedicated to a single, field-replaceable ATM switch processor
(ASP) module that supports both the 5-Gbps shared memory and the fully non-blocking
switch fabric. The ASP also supports the feature card and high performance reduced
instruction set (RISC) processor that provides the central intelligence for the device. The
remaining slots support up to four hot-swappable Carrier Modules (CAMs). Each CAM
supports up to two hot-swappable Port Adapter Modules (PAMs) for a maximum of eight
PAMs per switch, supporting a wide variety of desktop, backbone, and wide-area
interfaces.

Figure 1: Rear View of the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch

The LightStream 1010 ATM switch provides switched ATM connections to individual
workstations, servers, LAN segments, or other ATM switches and routers using fiber-
optic, unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), and coaxial cable.

The LightStream 1010 ATM switch can accommodate up to 32 OC-3(155.52Mbps)

switched ATM ports in a standard 19-inch (48-centimeter) rack.

2
2. The Adtech AX/4000 tester:

The AX/4000 is a multi-port system that can currently test four different transmission
technologies (IP, ATM, Ethernet, and Frame Relay) simultaneously at speeds up to 10
Gbps.

Conceptually the experiment can be explained with the help of the following block
diagram:

Lightstream 1010
Atm i/j/k Atm x/y/z

Port 1 Port 2

Figure 2: Adtech AX/4000

The 2 ports of the Adtech tester (ports 1 and 2) are connected to 2 different Port adapter
modules (PAM’s) of the lightstream switch. In other words the AX/4000 simulates 2
different end users that can communicate through the switch. Each physical layer
connection to the switch is made using an OC-3 slot, i.e., the ATM protocol operates on
a underlying sonet physical layer.

VPI/VCI VPI/VCI
111/111 222/222
ATM interface ATM interface
111/111 222/222
0/0/0 0/0/1

Figure 3: Cisco 1010 lightstream

3
 Rx Tx Rx Tx

UNI UNI

VPI/VCI VPI/VCI
= 111/111 = 222/222

ADTECH AX/4000

Tx Rx Tx Rx

PORT 1 PORT 2

Logical diagram for the experiment.

Before beginning the actual connectivity experiment we need to ensure that all the
necessary connections already exist. The Lightstream 1010 switch is connected to the
ABCDE switch kept next to the pc, using a 25 pin connector. The 25 pin cable is
connected to port B of the ABCDE data switch through the console port of the
1010.hence we need to switch the ABCDE switch to B when working on the 1010. Next
we need to check whether the ports of the switch are up and running and properly
connected to the corresponding ports of the Adtech Ax/4000 tester. You will be provided
with fiber optic SC connectors. They will be 8m in length and you will need 2 pairs in
total. Each pair provides a full duplex connection.

Cross-connect each pair between the port on the AX/4000 and a port on the
Lightstream 1010. We cross-connect port1 on the Adtech tester to ATM interface 0/0/0
and port 2 on the Adtech tester to ATM interface 0/0/1. The connectors should easily slip

4
into the ports. To remove the connectors just pull back the blue jacket at the end of the
connector and slide the cable off.

When the switch for the ABCDE switch is on B pressing a carriage return will give the
following prompt:

LS1010>

This shows that the pc is connected to the Lighstream 1010 switch, through the ABCDE
switch.

Pressing ? at any time will give you a list of all possible commands, pre-pending the ?
with a keyword gives all commands starting with that particular keyword.
For example: the following typed at command line:

LS1010>sh atm vc ?

Will generate the following response:

interface Show ATM Connection Commands

signaling Display ATM Interface Signaling information for all interfaces
traffic Display Virtual Channels Cell Traffic
<cr>

ending the above command with a carriage return will generate a list of all existing virtual
channel connections, for e.g. something like the following:

LS1010>sh atm vc
Interface VPI VCI Type X-Interface X-VPI X-VCI Encap Status
ATM0/0/0 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 64 QSAAL UP
ATM0/0/0 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 35 ILMI UP
ATM0/0/0 0 200 PVC ATM0/0/2 0 200 DOWN
ATM0/0/0 1 200 PVC NOT CONNECTED
ATM0/0/0 105 105 PVC ATM0/0/1 205 205 UP
ATM0/0/0 111 111 PVC ATM0/0/1 222 222 UP
ATM0/0/0 200 200 PVC ATM0/0/2 200 200 DOWN
ATM0/0/1 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 65 QSAAL UP
ATM0/0/1 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 36 ILMI UP
ATM0/0/1 205 205 PVC ATM0/0/0 105 105 UP
ATM0/0/1 222 222 PVC ATM0/0/0 111 111 UP
ATM0/0/2 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 66 QSAAL DOWN
ATM0/0/2 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 37 ILMI DOWN
ATM0/0/2 0 200 PVC ATM0/0/0 0 200 DOWN
ATM0/0/2 200 200 PVC ATM0/0/0 200 200 DOWN
ATM0/0/3 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 67 QSAAL DOWN
ATM0/0/3 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 38 ILMI DOWN
ATM0/1/0 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 68 QSAAL DOWN
ATM0/1/0 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 39 ILMI DOWN
ATM0/1/1 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 69 QSAAL DOWN
ATM0/1/1 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 40 ILMI DOWN
ATM0/1/2 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 70 QSAAL DOWN

5
Consider for a moment the following line:

Interface VPI VCI Type X-Interface X-VPI X-VCI Encap Status

ATM0/0/0 111 111 PVC ATM0/0/1 222 222 UP

This shows that the VPI/VCI pair 111/111 associated with ATM interface 0/0/0 is cross-
connected to VPI/VCI pair 222/222 on interface 0/0/1 and that the link is up and running.

Also note the QSAAL and ILMI notations used under encapsulation.

The Lightstream 1010 uses ILMI (Interim local management interface) to

automatically identify which of its interfaces are User-Network Interface (UNI), attached
to ATM end-systems, and which are Network-to-Network Interface (NNI), attached to
other systems. It can also differentiate between private and public network links. This
information discovers and brings up a network of interconnected LightStream 1010
switches. ILMI uses VC(0,16) as assigned by default.

The QSAAL is the link transport layer that provides reliable data delivery on the (0,5)
signaling VC. The QSAAL layer is low level. Both these signaling functionalities are
provided through the central processor located on the 1010 at interface 2/0/0 (VC
starting from pair (0, 36) for ILMI and (0, 65) for QSAAL.)

To obtain a detailed structure of a particular ATM interface (say interface 0/0/0) we need
to type the following at the command line:

LS1010>show atm interface ATM 0/0/0

This will display something of the form:

Interface: ATM0/0/0 Port-type: oc3suni
IF Status: UP Admin Status: up
Auto-config: enabled AutoCfgState: waiting for response from peer
IF-Side: Network IF-type: UNI
Uni-type: Private Uni-version: V3.0
Max-VPI-bits: 8 Max-VCI-bits: 14
Max-VP: 255 Max-VC: 16383
Svc Upc Intent: pass Signalling: Enabled
ATM Address for Soft VC: 47.0091.8100.0000.0010.11b9.7801.4000.0c80.0000.00
Configured virtual links: PVCLs SoftVCLs SVCLs PVPLs SoftVPLs SVPLs
Total-Cfgd
Installed-Conns
6 0 0 11 0 0 17 9
Logical ports (VP-tunnels): 0
Input cells: 3468148935 Output cells: 39681577
5 minute input rate: 0 bits/sec, 0 cells/sec
5 minute output rate: 4000 bits/sec, 9 cells/sec
Input AAL5 pkts: 373812, Output AAL5 pkts: 3271892, AAL5 crc errors: 1

As we can see this describes different details of the interface 0/0/0, for e.g. it shows that
the port is an OC3 (sonet) user network interface of type private and version 3.0. it also
specifies the max VPI/ VCI size and other useful parameters.

6
NOTE: It is important to remember the use of the ? key, it can be used at any time
to obtain help for any command.

For additional information on the Lightstream 1010 you may refer to the CISCO page:

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/atm/ls1010s/11_1/sw_cg/index.h
tm

We now move to the part where we generate cells on the ports and simultaneously
receive cells on the same ports, these cells are intermediately switched through the
lightstream 1010.

We can now begin the experiment on connectivity. In this experiment we essentially

generate cells on port 1 of the adtech tester, these cells are transmitted to ATM Interface
0/0/0(i.e., one of the 32 ports), using a pre-assigned PVC (VPI/VCI) connection. This
traffic is then internally re-routed through the switch so as to be available on ATM
Interface 0/0/1 which is then transmitted to port 2 on the Adtech tester, once again using
a pre-assigned PVC(VPI/VCI) connection.

The process to set up PVC connections is described in the index under section A.2.4.

After creating the necessary connections, you can check the same using the following
EXEC mode command for e.g.:

show atm vc interface atm card/sub_card/port vpi vci

This will generate all information regarding the connection created, for e.g. the cross-
connect VPI/VCI and the interface for the PVC, whether the connection is up and
running and other signaling and connection information.

The details of all the relevant commands are given in the appendix.

7
We use the AX/4000 controller software installed on the pc. Given above is an example
of the interface provided for the user. The distribution model is used to generate the
type of cell sequence to be generated .one can choose periodic cells, periodic sequence
or any one of the many distribution models available.

The sequence definition is used to define the type of sequence to be generated. In our
case we just need to generate test cells and don’t need to concern ourselves with OAM
and signaling cells, so we choose one of the test cell sequences. We now need to
specify the PVC (i.e. the VPI/VCI pair, which is done as described in A.2.4) over which
the selected sequence is being transmitted. We do this by loading a PDU after we
select the cell type/sequence type. An additional option is to select header error byte
enable, which provides header error correction. We need not concern ourselves with the
traffic shaping option. The error injection option can be used to randomly inject errors
in selected bytes and analyze the same at the analyzer.

In the Analyzer we need to select the same option as the one chosen for cell type in
generator. This option is provided in substream setup.1. We are only sending one
stream and hence are only concerned with the analyzed output for this substream. In
addition we need select the PVC (i.e. select the VPI/VCI pair, this is chosen) chosen for
this connection.

Once these connections are carried out we are ready to generate and analyze cells at
the Adtech tester. This is done by observing the statistics boxes in the generator and
analyzer windows. For additional information on the Adtech AX/4000 you may visit the
Web page: http://www.adtech-inc.com/products/ax4000.asp

8
APPENDIX

Contents:

A.1 : Brief overview of ATM.

A.2 :
A.2.1: ATM Address configuration.
A.2.2: Configuring the interfaces.
A.2.3: Configuring network clocking.
A.2.4: Configuring permanent virtual channel connections.
A.2.5: Configuring terminating PVC connections.

ATM CONFIGURATION TUTORIAL

A.1 :

We begin with a brief overview of ATM:

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is a high-performance, cell-oriented switching and

multiplexing technology that utilizes fixed-length packets to carry different types of traffic.
Networks that have been primarily focused on providing better voice services are
evolving to meet new multimedia communications challenges and competitive
pressures. Services based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and synchronous
digital hierarchy (SDH)/synchronous optical network (SONET) architectures provide the
flexibility essential for success in this market.

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) can be viewed as an evolution of packet switching.

Like packet switching for data (e.g., X.25, frame relay, transmission control protocol
[TCP]/Internet protocol [IP]), ATM integrates the multiplexing and switching functions, is
well suited for burst traffic (in contrast to circuit switching), and allows communications
between devices that operate at different speeds. Unlike packet switching, ATM is
designed for high-performance multimedia networking. ATM technology has been
implemented in a very broad range of networking devices:

• PC, workstation, and server network interface cards

• switched-Ethernet and token-ring workgroup hubs
• workgroup and campus ATM switches
• ATM enterprise network switches
• ATM multiplexers
• ATM–edge switches
• ATM–backbone switches

ATM is also a capability that can be offered as an end-user service by service providers
(as a basis for tariff services) or as a networking infrastructure for these and other
services. The most basic service building block is the ATM virtual circuit, which is an
end-to-end connection that has defined end points and routes but does not have
bandwidth dedicated to it. Bandwidth is allocated on demand by the network as users

9
have traffic to transmit. ATM also defines various classes of service to meet a broad
range of application needs.

In ATM networks, all information is formatted into fixed-length cells consisting of 48

bytes (8 bits per byte) of payload and 5 bytes of cell header (see Figure 1). The fixed cell
size ensures that time-critical information such as voice or video is not adversely
affected by long data frames or packets. The header is organized for efficient switching
in high-speed hardware implementations and carries payload-type information, virtual-
circuit identifiers, and header error check.

Figure 1: Fixed-Length Cells

ATM is connection oriented. Organizing different streams of traffic in separate calls

allows the user to specify the resources required and allows the network to allocate
resources based on these needs. Multiplexing multiple streams of traffic on each
physical facility (between the end user and the network or between network switches)—
combined with the ability to send the streams to many different destinations—enables
cost savings through a reduction in the number of interfaces and facilities required to
construct a network.

ATM standards defined two types of ATM connections: virtual path connections (VPCs),
which contain virtual channel connections (VCCs). A virtual channel connection (or
virtual circuit) is the basic unit, which carries a single stream of cells, in order, from user
to user. A collection of virtual circuits can be bundled together into a virtual path
connection. A virtual path connection can be created from end-to-end across an ATM

10
network. In this case, the ATM network does not route cells belonging to a particular
virtual circuit. All cells belonging to a particular virtual path are routed the same way
through the ATM network, thus resulting in faster recovery in case of major failures.

An ATM network also uses virtual paths internally for the purpose of bundling virtual
circuits together between switches. Two ATM switches may have many different virtual
channel connections between them, belonging to different users. These can be bundled
by the two ATM switches into a virtual path connection. This can serve the purpose of a
virtual trunk between the two switches. This virtual trunk can then be handled as a single
entity by, perhaps, multiple intermediate virtual path cross connects between the two
virtual circuit switches.

Virtual circuits can be statically configured as permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) or

dynamically controlled via signaling as switched virtual circuits (SVCs). They can also be
point-to-point or point-to-multipoint, thus providing a rich set of service capabilities. SVCs
are the preferred mode of operation because they can be dynamically established, thus
minimizing reconfiguration complexity.

ATM Classes of Services

ATM is connection oriented and allows the user to specify the resources required on a
per-connection basis (per SVC) dynamically. There are the five classes of service
defined for ATM (as per ATM Forum UNI 4.0 specification). The QoS parameters for
these service classes are summarized in Table 1.

Service Class Quality of Service Parameter

constant bit rate This class is used for emulating circuit switching. The cell rate is
(CBR) constant with time. CBR applications are quite sensitive to cell-delay
variation. Examples of applications that can use CBR are telephone
traffic (i.e., nx64 kbps), videoconferencing, and television.
variable bit This class allows users to send traffic at a rate that varies with time
rate–non-real depending on the availability of user information. Statistical
time (VBR– multiplexing is provided to make optimum use of network resources.
NRT) Multimedia e-mail is an example of VBR–NRT.
variable bit This class is similar to VBR–NRT but is designed for applications that
rate–real time are sensitive to cell-delay variation. Examples for real-time VBR are
(VBR–RT) voice with speech activity detection (SAD) and interactive compressed
video.
available bit rate This class of ATM services provides rate-based flow control and is
(ABR) aimed at data traffic such as file transfer and e-mail. Although the
standard does not require the cell transfer delay and cell-loss ratio to
be guaranteed or minimized, it is desirable for switches to minimize
delay and loss as much as possible. Depending upon the state of
congestion in the network, the source is required to control its rate.
The users are allowed to declare a minimum cell rate, which is
guaranteed to the connection by the network.

11
unspecified bit This class is the catch-all, other class and is widely used today for
rate (UBR) TCP/IP.

Table 1: ATM Service Classes

The ATM Forum has identified the following technical parameters to be associated with
a connection. These terms are outlined in Table 2.

Technical
Parameter Definition
cell loss ratio CLR is the percentage of cells not delivered at their destination
(CLR) because they were lost in the network due to congestion and buffer
overflow.
cell transfer The delay experienced by a cell between network entry and exit
delay (CTD) points is called the CTD. It includes propagation delays, queuing
delays at various intermediate switches, and service times at
queuing points.
cell delay CDV is a measure of the variance of the cell transfer delay. High
variation variation implies larger buffering for delay-sensitive traffic such as
(CDV) voice and video.
peak cell rate The maximum cell rate at which the user will transmit. PCR is the
(PCR) inverse of the minimum cell inter-arrival time.
sustained cell This is the average rate, as measured over a long interval, in the
rate (SCR) order of the connection lifetime.
burst tolerance This parameter determines the maximum burst that can be sent at
(BT) the peak rate. This is the bucket-size parameter for the enforcement
algorithm that is used to control the traffic entering the network.

Table 2: ATM Technical Parameters

Finally, there are a number of ATM classes of service. These classes are all outlined in
Table 3.

Class of Service CBR VBR–NRT VBR–RT ABR UBR

CLR yes yes yes yes no
CTD yes no yes no no
CDV yes yes yes no no

12
 PCR yes yes yes no yes
SCR
no yes yes no no
BT @ PCR no yes yes no no
flow control no no no yes no

Table 3: ATM Classes of Services

Its extensive class-of-service capabilities make ATM the technology of choice for
multimedia communications.

ATM Standards

The ATM Forum has identified a cohesive set of specifications that provide a stable ATM
framework. The first and most basic ATM standards are those that provide the end-to-
end service definitions as described in Topic 4. An important ATM standard and service
concept is that of service interworking between ATM and frame relay (a fast-growing
pervasive service), whereby ATM services can be seamlessly extended to lower-speed
frame-relay users. Frame relay is a network technology that is also based on virtual
circuits using variable-length frame transmission between users.

ATM user network interface (ATM UNI) standards specify how a user connects to the
ATM network to access these services. A number of standards have been defined for
T1/E1, 25 Mbps, T3/E3, OC–3 (155 Mbps) and OC–12 with OC–48 (2.4 Gbps) in the
works. OC–3 interfaces have been specified for use over single-mode fiber (for wide-
area applications) and over unshielded twisted pair or multimode fiber for lower-cost, in-
building applications.

The following two ATM networking standards have been defined that provide
connectivity between network switches and between networks:

• broadband inter-carrier interface (B–ICI)

• public network-to-network interface (P–NNI)

P–NNI is the more feature-rich of the two and supports class of service-sensitive routing
and bandwidth reservation. It provides topology-distribution mechanisms based on
advertisement of link metrics and attributes, including bandwidth metrics. It uses a
multilevel hierarchical routing model providing scalability to large networks. Parameters
used as part of the path-computation process include the destination ATM address,
traffic class, traffic contract, QoS requirements and link constraints. Metrics that are part
of the ATM routing system are specific to the traffic class and include quality of service-
related metrics (e.g., CTD, CLR) and bandwidth-related metrics (e.g., PCR). The path
computation process includes overall network-impact assessment, avoidance of loops,
minimization of rerouting attempts, and use of policy (inclusion/exclusion in rerouting,
diverse routing, and carrier selection). Connection admission controls (CACs) define

13
procedures used at the edge of the network, whereby the call is accepted or rejected
based the ability of the network to support the requested QoS. Once a VC has been
established across the network, network resources have to be held and quality service
guaranteed for the duration of the connection.

All ATM traffic is carried in cells, yet no applications use cells. So, specific ways of
putting the data into cells are defined to enable the receiver to reconstruct the original
traffic.

Configuring the ATM switch:

Before commencing with the configuration we need to understand the connections at the
physical layer.

The UNI (User network Interface) links between the 2 ATM interfaces (Port Adapter
Modules (PAM’s)) and the AX/4000 are carried by DUPLEX SC connectors. The PAMS
provides 155 MM (multimode) fiber optic connections, i.e., the underlying physical layer
is SDH (Sonet.)

A.2.1:

ATM Address Configuration

The Lightstream 1010 ATM Switch is autoconfigured with an ATM address using a
hierarchical addressing model similar to the OSI network service access point (NSAP)
addresses. PNNI uses this hierarchy to construct ATM peer groups. ILMI uses the first
13 bytes of this address as the switch prefix that it registers with end systems.

Autoconfigured ATM Addressing Scheme

During the initial startup the LightStream 1010 generates an ATM address using the
defaults shown in Figure 2

Figure 2: ATM Address Format

• Authority Format Identifier (AFI)---1 byte

• Cisco specific International Code Designator (ICD)---2 bytes
• Cisco specific information---4 bytes
• Cisco switch ID---6 bytes (used to distinguish multiple switches)

14
Note This first 13 bytes of the address is a switch prefix used by ILMI in assigning
addresses to end stations connected to UNI ports.

• MAC address of the switch---6 bytes (used to distinguish multiple End System
Identifier (ESI) addresses)

Note Both MAC address fields are the same but they may not be the same as the
address on the chassis label.

• Selector equals 0---1 byte

Default Address Format Features and Implications

Using the default address format has the following features and implications:

• The default address format may also be used to manually configure other
switches to allow them to be used in a single-level PNNI routing domain
consisting primarily of autoconfigured Cisco ATM switches. A globally unique
MAC address must be used to generate the ATM address.
• The same MAC address can be used for bytes 8 through 13 and bytes 14
through 19.
• This address assignment format is relatively flat. To achieve scalable ATM
routing, addresses will need to be changed when connecting to a large ATM
network with multiple levels of PNNI hierarchy.
• Summary addresses less than 13 bytes long should not be used with
autoconfigured ATM addresses. Other switches with autoconfigured ATM
addresses matching the summary may exist outside of the default peer group.

A.2.2:

Configuring the Interfaces

When the switch is powered on initially without any previous configuration data, the ATM
interfaces are automatically configured on the physical ports. ILMI and the physical card
type are used to automatically derive the ATM interface type, UNI version, maximum VPI
and VCI bits, ATM interface side, and ATM UNI type.

You can accept the default ATM interface configuration or overwrite the default interface
configuration using the command line interface commands.

Checking the default Physical Layer Configuration of an ATM Interface:

Use show controller and show running-config Commands to Display the Interface
Physical Layer Configuration.

To display the physical interface configuration, use the following commands:

15
Task Command
Show the physical layer configuration. show controllers atm
card/sub_card/port
Show physical layer scrambling show running-config
configuration.

Examples

The following example displays the OC3 physical interface configuration after
modification of the defaults using the show controllers command:

Switch# show controller atm 0/0/0

IF Name: ATM0/0/0 Chip Base Address: A8808000
Port type: 155UTP Port rate: 155 Mbps Port medium: UTP
Port status:PATH LOP Loopback:PIF Flags:8000
TX Led: Traffic Pattern RX Led: Traffic Pattern
TX clock source: free-running
Framing mode: stm-1

OC3 counters:

Key: txcell - # cells transmitted

rxcell - # cells received
b1 - # section BIP-8 errors
b2 - # line BIP-8 errors
b3 - # path BIP-8 errors
ocd - # out-of-cell delineation errors - not implemented
g1 - # path FEBE errors
z2 - # line FEBE errors
chcs - # correctable HEC errors
uhcs - # uncorrectable HEC errors

txcell: 8501, rxcell:1165

b1:0, b2:0, b3:0, ocd:0
g1:0, z2:0, chcs:0, uhcs:0

OC3 errored secs:

b1:0, b2:0, b3:0, ocd:0
g1:0, z2:0, chcs:0, uhcs:0

OC3 error-free secs:

b1:0, b2:0, b3:0, ocd:0
g1:0, z2:0, chcs:0, uhcs:0

Clock reg:80

mr 0x30, mcfgr 0x70, misr 0xE0, mcmr 0xEF,

mctlr 0x48, cscsr 0x50, crcsr 0x20, rsop_cier 0x40,

16
 rsop_sisr 0x40, rsop_bip80r 0x00, rsop_bip81r 0x00, tsop_ctlr 0xC0,
tsop_diagr 0xC0, rlop_csr 0x00, rlop_ieisr 0x0C, rlop_bip8_240r 0x00,
rlop_bip8_241r 0x00, rlop_bip8_242r 0x00, rlop_febe0r 0x00, rlop_febe1r 0x00,
rlop_febe2r 0x00, tlop_ctlr 0x80, tlop_diagr 0x80, rpop_scr 0x64,
rpop_isr 0x67, rpop_ier 0x43, rpop_pslr 0x00, rpop_pbip80r 0x00,
rpop_pbip81r 0x00, rpop_pfebe0r 0x00, rpop_pfebe1r 0x00, tpop_cdr 0x00,
tpop_pcr 0x00, tpop_ap0r 0x00, tpop_ap1r 0x08, tpop_pslr 0x13,
tpop_psr 0x00, racp_csr 0x86, racp_iesr 0x10, racp_mhpr 0x00,
racp_mhmr 0x00, racp_checr 0x00, racp_uhecr 0x06, racp_rcc0r 0x00,
racp_rcc1r 0x00, racp_rcc2r 0x00, racp_cfgr 0xFC, tacp_csr 0x06,
tacp_iuchpr 0x01, tacp_iucpopr 0x6A, tacp_fctlr 0x00, tacp_tcc0r 0x00,
tacp_tcc1r 0x00, tacp_tcc2r 0x00, tacp_cfgr 0x08,

Switch#

The following example displays the OC3 physical layer scrambling configuration after
modification of the defaults using the show running-config command:

Switch# show running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
no service pad
service udp-small-servers
service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname Switch
!
boot bootldr bootflash:/tftpboot/rbhide/ls1010-wp-mz.112-1.4.WA3.0.15
!
ip host-routing
ip rcmd rcp-enable
ip rcmd rsh-enable
ip rcmd remote-username dplatz
ip domain-name cisco.com
ip name-server 198.92.30.32
atm filter-set tod1 index 4 permit time-of-day 0:0 0:0
!
atm service-category-limit cbr 64512
atm service-category-limit vbr-rt 64512
atm service-category-limit vbr-nrt 64512
atm service-category-limit abr-ubr 64512
atm qos default cbr max-cell-loss-ratio clp1plus0 12
atm qos default vbr-nrt max-cell-loss-ratio clp1plus0 12
atm address 47.0091.8100.0000.0041.0b0a.1081.0041.0b0a.1081.00
atm address 47.0091.8100.5670.0000.0000.0000.0040.0b0a.1081.00
atm router pnni
node 1 level 56 lowest

17
 redistribute atm-static
!
!
interface ATM0/0/0
no keepalive
atm manual-well-known-vc
atm access-group tod1 in
atm pvc 0 35 rx-cttr 3 tx-cttr 3 interface ATM2/0/0 0 any-vci encap qsaal
sonet stm-1
no scrambling sts-stream
no scrambling cell-payload
--More--

A.2.3:

Configuring Network Clocking

This section describes network clocking, and network clocking configuration of the
LightStream 1010 ATM switch.

Each port has a transmit clock and a derives its receive clock from the receive data.

Transmit clocking may be configured for each port in one of the following ways:

• free-running---transmit clocking derived from the local oscillator on a PAM

• network derived---transmit clocking is derived from the highest configured
source, either from the system clock (the local oscillator on the ASP) or the public
network (the default)
• loop-timed---transmit clock is derived from the receive clock source

Derived clocking is received, along with data, from a specified interface. For example, in
the figure 3 given below the transmit-clocking, configured as priority one, it is extracted
from the data received at interface 0/0/0 and distributed as the transmit clock to the rest
of the switch through the backplane. Interface 4/0/0 is configured to use network-derived
transmit clocking which it receives across the backplane from interface 0/0/0.

18
 Figure 3 Transmit Clock Distribution

Since the port providing network clock source could fail the Cisco IOS provides the
ability to configure additional interfaces as clock sources, with priorities one to four.

If the network clock source interface goes down the software will switch to the next
highest-configured priority network clock source. For example, in Figure 3 the following
happens:

• switch LS1010 number two is configured to receive transmit clocking from an

external reference clock source through interface 0/0/0
• interface 4/0/0 uses network-derived transmit clocking
• the priority one transmit clock interface 0/0/0 fails
• the priority two interface, 0/0/4, will immediately start providing the transmit
clocking to the backplane and interface 4/0/0
• when the priority one interface, 0/0/0, has been functioning correctly for at least
two minutes the interfaces using network-derived transmit clocking will again
start receiving their clocking from interface 0/0/0

19
 Figure 4-4: Transmit Clocking Priority Configuration Example

Note If no functioning network clock source port exists at a given time, the system clock
on the ASP is used as the default clock source.

Configuring Network Clock Priorities and Sources

Note: This configuration should not be done since the interfaces are already
configured to use a network-derived clock. The following note is for an
understanding of how the network clock can be configured. You only need to
display the network clocking configuration.

To configure the network clocking priorities and sources, use the following EXEC
commands. Use the no form of this command to disable

Task Command
At the privileged EXEC prompt, enter configure1
configuration mode from the terminal. [terminal]
Configure the network clock. network-clock-select priority {atm | cbr
} card/sub_card/port
1
This command is documented in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Command
Reference publication.

network clocking priorities and sources.

Examples

The following example configures interface 0/0/0, see of Figure 3, as the highest-priority
clock source to receive the network clocking:

Switch(config)# network-clock-select 1 atm 0/0/0

20
Switch(config)# network-clock-select 2 atm 0/0/4
Switch(config)# network-clock-select 3 atm 1/0/0
Switch(config)#

Configuring Transmit Clocking Source

To configure where an interface receives its transmit clocking, use the following EXEC
commands. Use the no form of this command to disable

Task Command
At the privileged EXEC prompt, enter configure1
configuration mode from the terminal. [terminal]
Select the interface to be configured. interface atm card/sub_card/port
Configure the interface network clock source. clock source {free-running | loop-
timed | network-derived}
1
This command is documented in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Command
Reference publication.

network clocking on an interface.

Examples

The following example configures ATM interface 4/0/0 to receive its transmit clocking
from a network derived source:

Switch(config)#interface atm 4/0/0

Switch(config-if)#clock source network-derived
Switch(config-if)#

Display Network Clocking Configuration

To show the switch network clocking configuration use the following commands:

Task Command
Show the network clocking configuration. show network-clocks
Show the interface clock source configuration. show running-config

Examples

The following example displays the switch clock source configuration of Figure 3.

Switch#show network
Priority 1 clock source: ATM0/0/0
Priority 2 clock source: ATM0/0/4
Priority 3 clock source: ATM1/0/0

21
Priority 4 clock source: System clock

Current clock source: System

Switch#

The following example displays the clock source configuration of ATM interface 4/0/0:

Switch#show running-config
Building configuration...

Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
no service pad
service udp-small-servers
service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname Switch
!
boot bootldr bootflash:/tftpboot/ls1010-wp-mz.112-1.4.WA3.0.15
!
network-clock-select 2 ATM3/1/0

<Information Deleted>

!
interface ATM4/0/0
no keepalive
atm manual-well-known-vc
atm access-group tod1 in
atm pvc 0 35 rx-cttr 3 tx-cttr 3 interface ATM2/0/0 0 any-vci encap qsaal
atm route-optimization soft-vc interval 360 time-of-day 18:0 5:0
clock-source network-derived
!

<Information Deleted>

22
A.2.4:

Configuring Permanent Virtual Channel Connections

This section describes configuring LightStream 1010 virtual channel connections

(VCCs). A VCC is established as a bidirectional facility to transfer ATM traffic between
two ATM layer users. Figure 4 shows a VCC between ATM user A and user D.

Figure 4: Virtual Channel Connection Example

Note The value of the virtual path and virtual channel identifiers may change as the
traffic is relayed through the ATM network.

Note: The 8 and 14 bits allocated for VPI and VCI allow 255 VPI paths and 16383
VCI channels. Of these the VCI’s below 32 are reserved within each VPI for control
purposes. Hence while assigning data connections assign VCI’s outside this
range.

Virtual Channel Connection Command Description

To configure a point-to-point VCC, use the following configuration command using the
no form of this command to remove an entry:

Task Command
At the privileged EXEC configure1
prompt, enter configuration [terminal]
mode from the terminal.
Select the interface to be interface atm card/sub_card/port [.sub-inter #]
configured.
Configure the PVC. atm pvc vpi [vci|any-vci2] [upc upc] [pd pd] [rx-cttr
index] [tx-cttr index] interface atm
card/subcard/port[.vpt #] vpi [vci|any-vci2] [upc upc]
1
This command is documented in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Command
Reference publication.
2
The any-vci parameter is only available for atm interface 2/0/0.

23
Parameter pd is not applicable to a virtual path.

Note When configuring PVC connections configure the lowest VPI and VCI numbers
first.

Example

The following example configures the internal cross-connect PVC on Switch B between
interface 3/0/1, VPI=0, VCI =50 and interface 3/0/2, VPI=2, VCI=100 (see Figure 4)

Switch-B(config)#interface atm 3/0/1

Switch-B(config-if)#atm pvc 0 50 interface atm 3/0/2 2 100

The following example configures the internal cross-connect PVC on Switch-C between
interface 4/1/0, VPI=2, VCI =100 and interface 0/0/1, VPI 50, VCI=255:

Switch-C(config)#interface atm 4/1/0

Switch-C(config-if)#atm pvc 2 100 interface atm 0/0/1 50 255

Each subsequent VC cross-connection and link must be configured until the VC is

terminated to create the entire VCC.

Example

The following example configures the CPU leg of any terminating PVC:

Switch(config)#interface atm 2/0/0

Switch(config-if)#atm pvc 0 ?
<32-16383> vci
any-vci Choose any available vci

Switch(config-if)#atm pvc 0 any-vci

Switch(config-if)#

When configuring the CPU leg of a PVC that is not a tunnel, the VPI should be
configured as 0. The preferred method of VCI configuration is to select the any-vci
parameter, unless a specific VCI is needed as a parameter in another command, such
as map-list.

Note If configuring a specific VCI value for the CPU leg, select a VCI value higher than
300. This will prevent a conflict with an automatically assigned VCI for well-known
channels if the switch reboots.

24
Use the show vc Command to Display Virtual Channel Connections

To show the VC configuration use the following EXEC mode commands:

Task Command
Show the ATM interface show atm interface [ atm interface atm
configuration. card/sub_card/port ]
Show the PVC interface show atm vc interface atm card/sub_card/port vpi
configuration. vci

Examples

The following example displays Switch-B PVC configuration on interface 3/0/1:

Switch-B#show atm interface

Interface: ATM-P0/0/3 Port-type: CBR

IF Status: UP Admin Status: up
Auto-config: enabled AutoCfgState: waiting for response from peer
IF-Side: Network IF-type: UNI
Uni-type: Private Uni-version: V3.0
Max-VPI-bits: 8 Max-VCI-bits: 14
Max-VP: 255 Max-VC: 16383
Svc Upc Intent: pass Signalling: Enabled
ATM Address for Soft VC: 47.0091.8100.0000.0040.0b0a.2b81.4000.0c80.0030.00
Configured virtual links:
PVCLs SoftVCLs SVCLs PVPLs SoftVPLs SVPLs Total-Cfgd Installed-Conns
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Logical ports(VP-tunnels): 0
Input cells: 0 Output cells: 0
5 minute input rate: 0 bits/sec, 0 cells/sec
5 minute output rate: 0 bits/sec, 0 cells/sec
Input AAL5 pkts: 0, Output AAL5 pkts: 0, AAL5 crc errors: 0

<Information Deleted>

Switch#

The following example displays Switch-B PVC configuration on interface 3/0/1:

Switch-B#show atm vc interface atm 3/0/1

Interface VPI VCI Type X-Interface X-VPI X-VCI Status
ATM3/0/1 0 50 PVC ATM3/0/2 2100 UP
Switch-B#

25
The following example displays Switch-B VC configuration on interface 3/0/1, VPI = 0,
VCI = 50:

Switch-B#show atm vc interface atm 3/0/1 0 50

Interface: ATM3/0/1
VPI = 0 VCI = 50
Status: UP
Last-status-change-time: 15:44
Connection-type: PVC
Cast-type: point-to-point
Packet-discard-option: enabled
Usage-Parameter-Control (UPC): pass
Number of OAM-configured connections: 0
OAM-configuration: disabled
OAM-states: Not-applicable
Cross-connect-interface: ATM3/0/2
Cross-connect-VPI = 2
Cross-connect-VCI = 100
Cross-connect-UPC: pass
Cross-connect OAM-configuration: disabled
Cross-connect OAM-state: Not-applicable
Encapsulation: AAL5PNNI
Rx cells: 0, Tx cells: 0
Rx connection-traffic-table-index: 3
Rx service-category: VBR-RT (Realtime Variable Bit Rate)
Rx pcr-clp01: 424
Rx scr-clp01: 424
Rx tolerance: 50
Tx connection-traffic-table-index: 3
Tx service-category: VBR-RT (Realtime Variable Bit Rate)
Tx pcr-clp01: 424
Tx scr-clp01: 424
Tx tolerance: 50
Crc Errors:0, Sar Timeouts:0, OverSizedSDUs:0
Switch-B#

A.2.5:

Configuring Terminating PVC Connections

This section describes configuring terminating permanent virtual channel (PVC)

connections. Terminating connections provide the connection to the LightStream 1010
switch CPU for LANE, IP over ATM, and control channels for ILMI, signaling, and PNNI
plus network management. Figure 5 is an illustration of transit and terminating
connections.

26
 Figure 5: Virtual Connection Types Example

Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint are two type of terminating connections. Both

terminating connections are configured using the same commands as transit
connections (discussed in the previous sections). However, all switch terminating
connections use interface 2/0/0 to connect to the switch CPU.

The following sections describe both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configuration

of PVC and PVP connections.

Terminate PVC Connection Command Description

To configure both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint terminating PVC connections,

use the following EXEC commands. Use the no form of this command to disable

Task Command
At the privileged EXEC configure1
prompt, enter [terminal]
configuration mode from
the terminal.
Select the interface to be interface atm card-A/sub_card-A/port-A [.vpt #]
configured.
Configure the PVC atm pvc vpi-A [vci-A |any-vci2] [cast-type p2mp-leaf p2mp-
between ATM switch root p2p] [upc upc-A] [pd pd] [rx-cttr index] [tx-cttr index]
connections. interface atm card-B/subcard-B/port-B[.vpt #] vpi-B [vci-
A|any-vci2] [upc upc-B] [cast-type p2mp-leaf p2mp-root
p2p]
1
This command is documented in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Command
Reference publication.
2
The any-vci feature is only available for interface ATM 2/0/0.

27
When configuring point-to-multipoint PVC connections using the atm pvc command, the
root point is port A and the leaf points are port B.

Examples

The following example configures the CPU leg of any terminating PVC:

Switch(config)#interface atm 2/0/0

Switch(config-if)#atm pvc 0 ?
<32-16383> vci
any-vci Choose any available vci

Switch(config-if)#atm pvc 0 any-vci

Switch(config-if)#

When configuring the CPU leg of a PVC that is not a tunnel, the VPI should be
configured as 0. The preferred method of VCI configuration is to select the any-vci
parameter, unless a specific VCI is needed as a paramter in another command, such as
map-list.

Note If configuring a specific VCI value for the CPU leg, select a VCI value higher than
300. This will prevent a conflict with an automatically assigned VCI for well-known
channels if the switch reboots.

The following example configures the internal cross-connect PVC between interface
3/0/1, VPI=1, VCI =50 and the terminating connection at the CPU interface 2/0/0, VPI=0,
and VCI unspecified:

Switch-B(config)#interface atm 3/0/1

Switch-B(config-if)#atm pvc 1 50 interface atm 2/0/0 0 any-vci encap aal5snap

The following example configures a point-to-multipoint connection from the root point
PVC on switch interface 0/0/0, VPI=50, VCI =100 and the terminating connection at the
leaf point switch CPU interface 2/0/0, VPI=0, VCI=300:

Switch(config)#interface atm 0/0/0

Switch(config-if)#atm pvc 50 100 interface atm 2/0/0 0 300 enacap aal5snap

Displaying the Terminating PVC Connections

To show the terminating PVC configuration, use the following EXEC mode commands:

Task Command
Show the ATM interface show atm vc card/sub_card/port
configuration.
Show the PVC interface show atm vc interface atm card/sub_card/port vpi
configuration. vci

28