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Fire Safety Teaching Guide: Follow the procedures on this page to lead a
group in learning the materials in this lesson. The materials may also be
and Disaster used for self-study by reading the content, doing the activities, and taking the
Response in
test. The lesson should take about one hour to complete.
INTRODUCTION
Care Facilities This lesson gives an overview of the basic procedures
for being prepared for and responding to a fire or a natural
disaster. The information about disasters applies to most natural occurrences such as tornadoes,
hurricanes, and earthquakes. It is general in scope, so if your area is prone to a specific kind of disaster
you may want to obtain further information from your local officials or from the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA). Your state, county, and city have regulations governing fire and life safety
codes, evacuation drills, emergency warning systems, and disaster preparedness and response. Since these
rules vary, this lesson only covers material that applies to the majority of facilities. You will need to check
with your local officials, such as your fire marshal, to be sure you are in compliance with local ordinances.
The information in this lesson comes from FEMA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
LEARNING GOALS CONTENTS
At the conclusion of this lesson, the learner will: Î Teaching Procedures
1. Be able to explain basic fire prevention and safety measures.
Î Disaster Preparation
2. Know basic disaster preparation and response protocols.
3. Know the disaster preparation and response procedures for your facility. Î Disaster Response
Î Fire Prevention & Safety
SUGGESTED TEACHING PROCEDURES
Test
To get your learners to begin thinking about their fire and disaster readiness, try this activity:
Give each learner a copy of the “Disaster Situations” on page 6 and assign them to work on one
of the four situations. Assure them that this is not a test, but is an activity to stimulate thinking and
discussion. They may work individually or in groups to answer the questions. Give them several minutes
to work on this activity and then have them discuss their answers with the rest of the group. Hand out
the Learning Guide, pages 3-5.
To deliver the Learning Guide content to a group, refer to the Learning Guide and follow these procedures:
1. Show the learners your disaster supplies and be sure everyone knows where they are kept. Discuss
the supplies that might be needed in a disaster that lasts several days, and where they are kept (page 2).
2. Discuss evacuation and disaster drills. Be sure everyone knows what is required of him or her in an
emergency. Assign someone on each shift to be responsible for getting the disaster supplies. If you
have a rating system for evacuating residents, be sure everyone knows who should be assisted first.
Review locations of exit doors and fire extinguishers. Show your posted evacuation plan and be sure
everyone is familiar with it. Demonstrate how to turn off gas, electricity, and water.
3. Review the R.A.C.E. protocol for emergency response on page 3 of the Learning Guide.
4. Assign one of each of the three natural disaster response sections (“Before,” “During,” and “After”)
on page 4 of the Learning Guide to some of your learners. Give them a few minutes to read the
material, and then ask them to tell the group what they learned.
5. Review the fire prevention and safety guidelines and allow for questions.
To conclude the lesson and assess what your students have learned, do the following:
1. Administer the test. Grade the test as a group and discuss any wrong answers. Give out Certificates.
2. Evaluate your learners during your next disaster drill to be sure they have learned the material. If you
can, schedule a fire or disaster drill soon after this lesson to reinforce what your learners have studied.
Activity #1: Invite local speakers in for a lecture or demonstration about fire prevention and disaster
response. You can serve refreshments and invite families and the community to hear his lecture and see
your facility. Suggested speakers that should be available from your city or county: Fire Marshal,
Emergency Preparedness Officer, Police Spokesperson, Hospital Emergency Room Coordinator,
Hospital Disaster Response Coordinator, other city or county officials that deal with fires and disasters.
Activity #2: Play games with residents and staff that teach about emergency preparation and
response. Play “Emergency Trivia” using material from this lesson, or organize a Scavenger Hunt
where participants look for specific items related to emergency response.
R
and smart response can save lives and property.
escue Your immediate response to any emergency, fire, or disaster should be to
rescue anyone in danger—including yourself. As soon as you become aware that there is a
problem, look around you and see where the danger is and who is in danger, and remove
A
everyone from the area at once. Go to the prearranged “safe” place as quickly as possible.
lert As soon as possible, sound the alarm. Tell others about the danger by yelling or
making other loud noises. Activate the alarm or security system in your facility. Register an
official report and get the help of emergency medical personnel by calling 911. Enlist others
C
by calling out to them and asking for their assistance in rescuing or alerting.
onfine Once those in immediate danger have been rescued and the alarm has been
sounded, you should try to confine the fire or other danger. Close doors leading to the room
with the fire or danger—you can close these doors as you are leaving the area in the process of
rescuing and alerting. If the fire or other danger can be prevented from spreading, there is a
E
better chance that no one will be hurt.
vacuate* Get everyone in your facility away from danger and to a safe place. In a fire,
this means that everyone must leave the building and meet outside at the prearranged place, and
must stay out until the building is declared safe. In other disasters this might mean going to a
protected area of the building and staying inside. Follow the plan you have practiced in your
drills. Be sure everyone is present and accounted for.
During The most important thing to do in any natural disaster is take shelter. Once everyone is in the
safest part of the building, you should provide additional protection by having them cover
their heads and bodies with blankets, pillows, or mattresses. If there is nothing else to use and time is
short, have everyone cover their heads and necks with their hands and arms and stay crouched low in a
ball on the floor. Remember that everyone must stay away from windows, skylights, mirrors, and glass
doors. If there is no way to get to a safer place, get under a door frame or some other heavy, sturdy
structure such as a large table or counter that may offer protection against falling and flying debris. Stay
close to an inside wall. Do not light any lamps, candles, matches, or lighters. Do not stay under overhead
light fixtures or near anything breakable. Stay off the phone and away from electricity. Stay inside!
After Half of all injuries from natural your radio for continuing emergency updates.
disasters occur during the aftermath Do not enter any part of your facility that has
and rescue efforts. If any damage has been done been damaged unless it is necessary to save lives,
to your facility, the gas, electricity and water and then be very careful. Watch for exposed
should be turned off until rescue workers have nails and broken glass. Do not touch downed
determined that everything is safe. Do not use power lines or any objects touching a downed
matches, lighters, appliances, or light switches line. If possible, be sure all telephones are on
until you are told to do so. Sparks from their bases so the lines are not unnecessarily tied
electrical switches could ignite gas if there is a gas up. Use the telephone only for emergency calls.
leak. It is best to turn off the water at the water If you need additional safe drinking water, melt
main so you can preserve the water that is ice cubes from the freezer. Clean up spilled
already in your building in the water heater tanks. chemicals or medicines that could be hazardous.
Check for injuries and begin first aid. Do not You may anticipate that residents will become
move seriously injured people unless they are in very anxious during and after a disaster, even if
immediate danger of further injury. If you are no damage actually occurs in your building. Be
trapped, try to attract attention to your location prepared to offer calm reassurance and firm
by yelling and shining your flashlight. Listen to guidance.
Remember that fire needs three things to get started: Air, Fuel, and Heat. Once a fire
has started, smother the flames to remove the source of air and stop the fire.
Situations: Imagine that you are working in the facility and have just
been notified that a natural disaster is very likely to hit your
What Should building or area very soon. This is the kind of disaster you can be
warned about, like a tornado or hurricane.
You Do? Answer these questions individually or as a group and be
prepared to tell your ideas to the class:
1. What should you do? Prioritize the importance—what will you do first? Second? Third?
2. What supplies or resources will you need?
3. What residents will you check on or get to safety first?
Situation #2
Imagine that you are working in the facility and the fire alarm goes off. You are pretty sure
this is not a drill.
Answer these questions individually or as a group and be prepared to tell your ideas to the class:
1. What should you do? Prioritize the importance—what will you do first? Second? Third?
2. What supplies or resources will you need?
3. What residents will you check on or get to safety first?
Situation #3
Imagine that you are working in the facility’s laundry area and you suddenly notice flames
coming from one of the dryers.
Answer these questions individually or as a group and be prepared to tell your ideas to the class:
1. What should you do? Prioritize the importance—what will you do first? Second? Third?
2. What supplies or resources will you need?
3. What residents will you check on or get to safety first?
Situation #4
Imagine that you are working in the facility when a natural disaster occurs without warning
and your building is damaged. You are not hurt, but others might be.
Answer these questions individually or as a group and be prepared to tell your ideas to the class:
1. What should you do? Prioritize the importance—what will you do first? Second? Third?
2. What supplies or resources will you need?
3. What residents will you check on or get to safety first?
2. Write the four parts of the emergency protocol that should be followed in a disaster or fire:
(Worth 4 pts.)
R_______________ A_______________ C_______________ E_______________
3. To plan ahead for a fire or natural disaster, be sure you do the following:
a. Identify the safest place to meet (outside for a fire, inside for a natural disaster).
b. Plan and post various ways to get to the safe place.
c. Practice getting yourself and your residents to the safe place.
d. All of the above.
5. Write down where the fire extinguishers in your building are located: _________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Write down where the first aid kit is located in your facility: _________________________
8. In a natural disaster, the safest place is indoors near an interior wall with no windows. T or F
2. Write the four parts of the emergency protocol that should be followed in a disaster or fire:
(Worth 4 pts.)
Rescue Alert Confine Evacuate (and/or Extinguish)
3. To plan ahead for a fire or natural disaster, be sure you do the following:
a. Identify the safest place to meet (outside for a fire, inside for a natural disaster).
b. Plan and post various ways to get to the safe place.
c. Practice getting yourself and your residents to the safe place.
d. All of the above.
5. Write down where the fire extinguishers in your building are located: This answer will be
6. Write down where the first aid kit is located in your facility: Individual for each facility.
8. In a natural disaster, the safest place is indoors near an interior wall with no windows. T or F