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Drug
Therapy
Problems:
(list
in
order
of
priority)
1) AC’
BP
is
above
target
and
is
at
risk
of
CV
events
(or
some
example
of
target
organ
damage)
due
to
too
low
of
a
dose
of
amlodipine.
2) AC
is
at
high
risk
of
CV
events
due
to
his
diabetes
and
may
require
additional
therapy
with
a
statin.
Note:
Non-‐adherence
is
an
issue
an
in
this
case,
and
could
be
included
as
a
DTP.
It
would
not
be
optimal
to
include
as
the
sole
DTP
as
AC
requires
changes
to
pharmacotherapy
address
current
BP
(i.e.
likely
needs
additional
therapy
to
reach
target).
Goals
of
Therapy
(should
generally
include
a
parameter,
value
and
timeframe)
• Prevent
CV
events
(or
any
example
of
target
organ
damage)
over
long
term
• Achieve
BP
<
130/80
in
3
months
(could
also
justify
<140/90
with
reference
to
primary
literature).
Notes:
-‐ time
frame
for
BP
targets
can
be
variable.
Given
degree
of
elevation,
you
will
realistically
require
1-‐3
months
to
reach
target.
Two
weeks
is
far
too
short.
-‐ Preventing
side
effects
is
not
a
goal
of
therapy
(we
can’t
prevent
side
effects)
-‐ Improve
quality
of
life
is
too
vague
–
how
will
you
measure.
-‐
List
interventions
to
resolve
the
drug
therapy
problem
(interventions
can
include
initiation
or
modification
of
pharmacologic
and
non-‐pharmacologic
therapy,
as
well
as
specific
patient
instructions
or
education)
Recommendations
to
the
family
physician
1) Recommend
increasing
the
dose
of
amlodipine
to
10
mg
daily.
Consider
using
combination
pill
of
telmisartan/amlodipine
OR
amlodipine/atorvastatin
(Caduet)
if
recommending
statin
therapy
Patient
education:
• Adherence
-‐
make
the
following
suggestions
to
simplify
medication
regimen
o Fixed
dose
combination
pills
(addressed
above)
o Discuss
other
factors
to
improve
adherence
(e.g.
smart
phone
reminders?
associate
medication
taking
with
a
specific
activity,
blister
packs)
-‐
optional
• Review
benefits
of
treating
hypertension
and
target
BP
• Recommend
and
educate
on
home
BP
monitoring
Non-‐pharm
• Commend
patient
on
recent
lifestyle
changes
and
how
it
helps
achieve
BP
goals
(e.g.
-‐5
mmHg/3
mmHg
with
one
or
two
changes).
Reinforce
health
drinking
guidelines
for
women.
BMI
is
currently
29.8
–
further
weight
loss
will
help
BP.
Review
options
to
decrease
sodium
intake
by
reviewing
hidden
sources
of
sodium
(e.g.
restaurant
meals),
target
less
than
2000
mg/day
-‐
consider
referral
to
community
based
dietician
Notes:
• Home
BP
monitoring
is
helpful
in
this
case
and
should
be
recommended.
However
it’s
use
in
this
case
is
to
monitor
ongoing
therapy,
not
screen
for
white
coat
hypertension
(you
would
assume
this
had
been
done
as
part
of
the
diagnostic
process).
1
PHM204:
Pharmacotherapy
5:
Cardiovascular
Diseases
Pharmacy
Care
Plan
–
Hypertension
Ideal
Care
Plan
Justify
your
recommendations
considering
efficacy,
safety,
convenience
&
cost
(include
reasons
why
you
excluded
other
reasonable
alternatives)
AC’s
past
history
of
diabetes
help
guide
choice
of
initial
therapy
for
her
hypertension.
She
is
currently
on
optimal
first
line
therapy
(ARB),
and
amlodipine
is
the
preferred
second
agent.
Amlodipine
is
advocated
as
a
second
line
medication
in
the
CHEP
guidelines,
and
RCT
evidence
supports
it’s
use
in
patients
like
AC
with
hypertension
and
diabetes
in
terms
of
reducing
risks
of
CV
events
when
combined
with
ACEI/ARB.
In
the
ACCOMPLISH
trial,
the
combination
of
ACEI/CCB
was
superior
to
ACEI/diuretic
in
reducing
the
primary
outcome
of
cardiovasulcar
events
in
high
risk
patients
with
hypertension
like
AC.
It
is
well
tolerated,
dosed
once
daily
and
available
in
a
fixed
dose
combination
with
her
current
therapy
atorvastatin.
Adding
a
thiazide
diuretic
is
also
a
reasonable
option,
and
may
be
required
as
a
third
agent,
however
it
is
reasonable
to
optimize
the
dose
of
a
second
agent
first.
To
maximize
adherence,
AC
values
fewer
medications.
We
could
leverage
single
pill
combinations
to
achieve
this
goal.
Follow-‐up
Plan
(Follow-‐up
plan
should
address
specific
efficacy
and
safety
parameters
(including
clinical
signs
&
symptoms
and/or
laboratory
values)
to
monitor
&
assess
both
efficacy
and
safety.
Plan
should
provide
a
target
value,
and
specific
timeframe
for
follow-‐up)
Schedule
follow-‐up
in
2
weeks
to
assess
BP,
medication
changes
and
if
strategies
to
promote
adherence
were
effective.
Parameter
Value
Timeframe
for
follow-‐up
BP
<130/80
Titrate
medications
every
2
weeks
to
achieve
target
(or
reasonable)
Signs
of
hypotension:
None
In
two
weeks
and
each
follow-‐up
visit
dizziness,
headache,
SBP<100
Headache,
Peripheral
None
2
weeks
–
1
month
edema
(adverse
effect
of
amlodipine)
Adherence
Improved
(not
more
Next
refill
than
1
missed
dose/week)
Note:.
• Remember
that
Follow
plan
has
specific
signs
and
symptoms
and
lab
parameters.
Hypotension
is
too
vague
–
need
to
explain
what
signs/symptoms
BP
parameters
you
will
use
to
assess.
2