Lecture 5

Assisted Reproductive
Technology

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Assisted Reproductive Technology Assisted Reproductive Technology

• all fertility treatments in which both eggs and The basic steps in an IVF treatment:
• treatment/procedure that includes the in vitro sperm are handled
handling of human oocytes and sperm or
embryos for the purpose of establishing a • involves surgically removing eggs from a woman's 1. ovarian stimulation
pregnancy ovaries, combining them with sperm in the 2. egg retrieval
laboratory, and returning them to the woman's
body or donating them to another woman 3. fertilization
4. embryo culture
5. embryo transfer

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http://www.austinfertility.com/ivf/assisted-reproductive-technologies-art/ www.vijaya-ivf.com
http://www.austinfertility.com/ivf/assisted-reproductive-technologies-art/ www.vijaya-ivf.com

Egg retrieval thru transvaginal

ultrasound aspiration
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 Fertilization may be accomplished by:

1. Insemination - motile sperm are placed

together with the oocytes and incubated
overnight

2. intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

- a single sperm is directly injected into
each mature egg

A mature, unfertilized egg in IVF culture medium 11 12

A fertilized egg has divided once and is now a two-cell embryo 13

Assisted hatching (AH) - micromanipulation Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

procedure in which a hole is made in the zona performed to screen for inherited diseases
pellucida just prior to embryo transfer to facilitate one or two cells are removed from the developing
hatching of the embryo embryo and tested for a specific genetic disease

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a procedure used prior to implantation to help identify genetic defects within embryos
14 15 created through in vitro fertilization to prevent certain diseases or disorders from being 16
Zona pellucida - the thick transparent membrane surrounding a mammalian ovum before implantation.
passed on to the child

Ultrasound-guided embryo transfer Slow Freezing

Cryopreservation
freezing extra embryos remaining for future embryos are cooled at a rate of just 0.3ºC/minute
transfer until their temperature passes below -30ºC
embryos can be frozen at the pronuclear stage
(one cell), or at any stage after that up to the Cryopreservation area:
blastocyst stage (5-7 days after fertilization)
also for sperm (sperm banking) and egg 1: Liquid nitrogen supply
tank
2: Backup embryo freezer
3: Main embryo freezer
4 & 5: Storage tanks for
frozen embryos and sperm

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www.ivfconnections.com www.midlandfertility.com www.snipview.com http://www.advancedfertility.com/cryolab1.htm19
Cryoprotectants when slow frozen embryos are thawed, the Vitrification
water is allowed back into the cells and the
lower the freezing point and may prevent cryoprotectant is drawn out
intracellular ice formation rapid freezing
work by drawing water out of a cell by simple thawing is performed slowly and in small steps eggs or embryos are exposed to high
osmosis, and then crossing the cell membrane to to prevent cells rupturing and dying during the concentrations of cryoprotectants to allow
replace that lost water process rapid dehydration of cells
most commonly used during slow freezing are
ethylene glycol, glycerol and propylene glycol

20 www.invitra.com http://www.brusselsivf.be/frozen_embryos
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the eggs or embryos are loaded into tiny storage the straws containing the eggs/embryos are plunged
devices (straws) that will facilitate ultra-rapid cooling into liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196°C

A nickel

2 straws containing
embryos

a cane that holds

straws in the
storage tank

23 www.pacificfertilitycenter.com
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http://www.advancedfertility.com/cryolab1.htm

Yes we should Of course not!

Everyone has a right to have a child or not, so
why not a chose which gender? As for people
That was before the now ex-fiancé, Nick Loeb, launched a using "God has a reason" would it not be better
for people to chose the gender then abort it?
yearslong legal crusade over two frozen embryos. Technological advancement not has enabled us
That crusade reached an absurd new low this week, when to find which gender the baby is and some will
not be happy, abort it, and try again. So wouldn't
the embryos themselves sued Vergara in Louisiana it be better for the person to chose instead of
…The suit lists them as plaintiffs “Emma” and “Isabella” and aborting it until they get the right one.
claims that because they have not been born, they are Also the child suffered. People sometimes do
being deprived of money being held for them in a trust in not get the gender and end up taking it out on
the child. Like "I would like you if you were a
the state. boy" or vice Versa. Yes some of us would take
care of it no matter what gender but others
wouldn't.
http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/12/0
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8/sofia_vergara_s_frozen_embryos_emma_and_is
abella_are_suing_her.html
Why would a parent get to chose? To make the
child suffer from being in the wrong body? It's
THEIR body and mind, NOT yours! Yes, you
made the child, but why would you want to ruin
their life by saying that you cannot be who you
really are? You're basically making them live a
lie!
I don't think it's right to chose what your child
does.
You should love your child no matter what.
http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-parents-
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be-able-to-choose-the-sex-of-their-children