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Dielectric
Topic --- Capacitor & Dielectrics
Capacitor
(Condenser)
Q
C Q CV
V
Q V
Where V 1 1 1 and V 1
Q C1 C 2 C3 Q Ceff
V +Q
Ceff, capacitors 1 1 1 1 1
Q ...
V in series Ceff C1 C 2 C3 Cn
Topic --- Capacitor & Dielectrics
The potential difference across each capacitor
is the same as the supply voltage (V)
V V1 V2 V3
The charges stored by each capacitor C1,C2 and C3 are Q1,Q2 and Q3 respectively
Q Q1 Q2 Q3 C1V C 2V C3V
where
Q Q
C1 C 2 C3and Ceff capacitors Ceff C1 C 2 C3 ... C n
V V in parallel
Topic --- Capacitor & Dielectrics
Determine the
effective capacitance
of the configuration
shown in Figure 17.1.
All the capacitors are
identical and each has Figure 17.1
a capacitance of 2 F.
30
Ceff μF OR 2.73 μF
11
17.1 CAPACITANCE & CAPACITORS IN SERIES & PARALLEL
Topic --- Capacitor & Dielectrics
Figure 17.6
17.1 CAPACITANCE & CAPACITORS IN SERIES & PARALLEL
Topic --- Capacitor & Dielectrics
3. An electronic flash unit for a camera contains a capacitor of
capacitance 850 F. When the unit is fully charged and ready for
operation, the potential difference across the plates is 330 V.
(a) What is the magnitude of the charge on each plate of the fully
charged capacitor?
(b) Calculate the energy stored in the “charged-up” flash unit.
(Physics,3rd edition, J.S.Walker, Q59, p.692)
ANS: 0.28 C; 46 J
4. A parallel-plate capacitor has plates with an area of 405 cm2 and an
air-filled gap between the plates that is 2.25 mm thick. The capacitor
is charged by a battery to 575 V and then is disconnected from the
battery.
(a) How much energy is stored in the capacitor?
(b) The separation between the plates is now increased to 4.50 mm.
How much energy is stored in the capacitor now?
(c) How much work is required to increase the separation of the
plates from 2.25 mm to 4.50 mm?
17
(Physics,3rd edition, J.S.Walker, Q60, p.692)
ANS: 2.63 105 J; 5.27 105 J; 2.63 105 J
17.1 CAPACITANCE & CAPACITORS IN SERIES & PARALLEL
Topic --- Capacitor & Dielectrics
18
17.2 CHARGING & DISCHARGING
OF CAPACITORS
(a) Define and use time constant, = RC
(b) Sketch and explain the characteristics of Q-t and I-t
graph for charging and discharging of a capacitor
(c) Use t
Q Q0 e RC
for discharging and
t
Q Q0 1 e RC
for charging
Topic --- Capacitor & Dielectrics
Charging Discharging
Time constant,
• Scalar
quantity
• Unit: s
• A
measurement
of how
quickly the
capacitor
charges or
discharges
RC
20
17.2 CHARGING & DISCHARGING OF CAPACITORS
Topic --- Capacitor & Dielectrics
Charging
0 τ RC time, t
17.2 CHARGING & DISCHARGING OF CAPACITORS
Topic --- Capacitor & Dielectrics
Charging
23
V0
and I 0
0.37 I 0 R
Q0: maximum charge
V0: maximum (supply) voltage
0 τ RC time, t I0: maximum current
R: resistance of the resistor
C: capacitance of the capacitor
Q I
t
τ RC
Q0 Q Q0 e RC 0 time, t
0.37 I 0
t
0.37Q0 I I 0e RC
I0
0 τ RC time, t
The charge on the capacitor The current through the resistor
decreases exponentially with time decreases exponentially with time
ε0 A
Parallel-plate capacitor
separated by a vacuum C (17.2)
d
and
Parallel-plate capacitor εA
separated by a dielectric C (17.3)
material d
0 = permittivity of free space = 8.85 x 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2
= permittivity of dielectric material
d = distance between the two plates
A = area of each plate
• From equations (17.2) and (17.3), The capacitance, C of a
parallel-plate capacitor is proportional to the area, A of its plates
and inversely proportional to the plate separation, d.
Q d Q
Figure 17.9
E0
Figure 17.11
E
38
17.3 CAPACITORS WITH DIELECTRICS
Topic --- Capacitor & Dielectrics
A parallel-plate capacitor has the space between the plates filled with two
slabs of dielectric constants 1 and 2 as shown in Figure 17.13.
1 d/2
Figure 17.13 2 d/2
Each slab has thickness d/2, where d is the plate separation. Show that
the capacitance of the capacitor is
2 0 A 1 2
C
d 1 2
Next Chapter…
CHAPTER 18 :
Electric current
&
direct-current circuits
47