Practice Book Sa Full

m e p Mathematics Enhancement Programme
Demonstration Project
Practice Book
Standard/Academic 1 – 6
Contents
Unit Page
1 Indices 1
2 Formulae 11
3 Angle Geometry 23
Miscellaneous Exercises 1 – 3 38
4 Trigonometry 42
5 Probability 53
6 Number System 68
Miscellaneous Exercises 4 – 6 79
This is one component of MEP Mathematics resources for Y10 and Y11.
All enquiries regarding these resources should be addressed to
Mathematics Enhancement Programme

CIMT, School of Education
University of Exeter Tel: 01392 217113
Exeter EX1 2LU Fax: 01392 499398
First printing August 1996
Second printing August 1997
Third printing November 2001
Design by Clinton Banbury

P.O. Box 2892, Billericay, Essex CM11 2LF
Tel: 01277 630421
MEP Practice Book SA
Facts to Remember
Unit 1 a n = a × a × a × ... × a (n times) 


a1 = a  St / Ac

a0 = 1 
an × am = an + m 


an ÷ am = an − m  Ac


(a )
n m
= an m
Standard form A × 10 n where 1 ≤ A < 10 , n an integer. 

 St / Ac

Unit 2 ( − a) × b = − a b 

 St / Ac
( − a) × ( − b) = a b 

Unit 3 The sum of interior angles in a triangle is 180° . 


The sum of interior angles in a quadrilateral is 360° . 

a 
Corresponding angles are equal,

shown as (a) in diagram. 
a




Alternate angles are equal, b 
shown as (b) in diagram. b



 St / Ac

c 
Supplementary angles add up to 180° , 
shown as (c) and (d) in diagram. d 




Angle around a complete circle is 360° . 

Angle around a point on a straight line is 180° . 

are always measured clockwise from North. 
Bearings  
are expressed as 3 digits. 
The angle on the perimeter subtended from a diameter 

of a circle is 90° .  Ac


MEP Practice Book SA
Unit 4 Pythagoras' Theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 



opp adj opp  St / Ac
sin x = , cos x = , tan x = 
hyp hyp adj

Unit 5 Sum of all probabilities = 1. 


p(event occurring) + p(event not occurring) = 1. 


If there are n equally likely outcomes, 
 St / Ac
1
then p( particular outcome) = . 
n 

If events A and B are independent, 
p( A and B) = p( A ) × p(B) . 
If events A and B are mutually exclusive, 

p( A or B) = p( A ) + p(B) .  Ac

Unit 6 Multiplying by 10 moves the decimal point one to the right. 

 St / Ac
Dividing by 10 moves the decimal point one to the left. 
MEP Practice Book SA1
1 Indices
1.1 Multiplication and Division
1. Calculate the following mentally:
(a) 14 + 6 + 9 (b) 14 + 21 + 9 (c) 31 + 16 + 9
(d) 25 + 28 + 15 (e) 67 + 52 + 33 (f) 123 + 66 + 77
(g) 28 + 22 + 41 + 59 (h) 49 + 51 + 101 + 99 (i) 7 + 25 + 13 + 75
(j) 24 + 12 – 14 (k) 52 – 21 (l) 37 – 18
(m) 25 – 12 + 7 (n) 72 + 21 – 37 (o) 112 – 27
2. Calculate the following mentally:

(a) 5×7 (b) 9×7 (c) 8×8
(d) 6×8 (e) 7×4 (f) 7×8
(g) 8×9 (h) 5×8 (i) 9×6
(j) 72 ÷ 8 (k) 35 ÷ 7 (l) 81 ÷ 9
(m) 42 ÷ 6 (n) 63 ÷ 9 (o) 49 ÷ 7
(p) 56 ÷ 8 (q) 45 ÷ 5 (r) 48 ÷ 6
3. Simplify the following expressions without using a calculator.
(a) 37 + (5 × 6) (b) (7 × 7) − 28 (c) 96 − (12 × 5)
(d) 9 × (3 + 5) (e) (15 + 6) × 9 (f) 7 × (69 − 65)
(g) (48 ÷ 6) + 12 (h) 4 + (78 ÷ 6) (i) (72 ÷ 8) − 5

(j) 90 ÷ (5 + 4) (k) (27 + 33) ÷ 5 (l) (92 − 29) ÷ 7
(m) (54 ÷ 9) + (45 ÷ 3) (n) (63 ÷ 9) × 5 (o) (72 ÷ 6) × (45 ÷ 9)
4. Pens cost 12 p each. How much will 8 pens cost?
5. A crate of small lemonade bottles has 8 rows with 6 bottles in each row.
How many bottles are there in the crate?
6. A chocolate bar has 5 rows with 4 chunks in each row.

How many chunks are there in total?
7. In snooker, potting a RED counts as one point and a BLACK as seven points.
What do you score if you pot 6 REDS and 6 BLACKS?
8. A syndicate of 7 teachers won £63 on the national lottery.

How much does each teacher win?
9. There are 8 stamps in a booklet. How many stamps are there in total in
7 booklets?
1
10. There are 64 runners entered for 100 m races. If there are 8 runners in each race
in the first round of heats, how many first round heats are there?
11. You need to divide a class of 35 pupils into five-a-side teams.

How many teams will there be?
12. Copy and complete this diagram by filling in each box with the correct number.
÷4 ÷3
240
÷6 ÷5
÷5 ÷10
÷ 24 ÷12
÷5 ÷8
13. Tony has a hot-dog stall. He uses sauce from a bottle which holds 224 ml.
He puts about 7 ml of sauce on each hot-dog.
(a) How many hot-dogs can he put sauce on from one bottle?
(b) Tony buys the sauce in boxes of 24 bottles. One full bottle weighs 256 g.
The empty box weighs 750 g.
What is the total weight of a box full of sauce bottles?
(NEAB)
14. Write down three multiplication sums, each of which has an answer equal to 30.
Do not use any number more than once.
(LON)
15. Look at these numbers.

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
(a) Which number is a multiple of six?
(b) Which number is a square number?
(SEG)
1.2 Squares, Cubes, Square Roots and

Cube Roots
1. Find, without using a calculator:
(a) 53 (b) 24 (c) 33

(d) 42 (e) 72 (f) 13
(g) 23 (h) 52 (i) 92
(j) 10 2 (k) 10 3 (l) 82
(m) 73 (n) 62 (o) 43
2
2. Find, without using a calculator:

3
(a) 4 (b) 27 (c) 36
3
(d) 8 (e) 81 (f) 49
3
(g) 100 (h) 64 (i) 144
(j) 64 (k) 121 (l) 25
3 3
(m) 125 (n) 1000 (o) 169
3. Calculate, with or without a calculator,
(a) 2 3 − 32 (b) 42 − 2 4 (c) 53 + 5 2
(d) 12 + 2 2 (e) 12 + 2 2 + 32 (f) 9 2 − 72
(g) 4 + 9 (h) 36 ÷ 4 (i) 3

8÷ 16
(j) 100 + 25 (k) 400 ÷ 3

125 (l) 196 − 64
(m) 64 − 3
64 (n) 3
343 × 81 (o) 4
625 × 4
4. Find the next 5 terms in the sequence.

2, 2 × 2 , 2 × 2 × 2 , 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 , . . ., . . .
How many terms are needed before the value reaches one million?
1.3 Index Notation

1. Write in a form using indices:
(a) 2×2×2×2 (b) 3×3×3
(c) 6×6×6×6×6 (d) 7×7×7×7×7×7
(e) 1×1×1×1 (f) 2×2×2×5×5
(g) 17 × 17 × 17 × 17 (h) 5×5×5×6×6×6
(i) 3×3×7×7×7×7×7 (j) 2×2×3×3×3×5×5
(k) 5×3×3×3×5 (l) 11 × 11 × 11 × 11 × 13 × 13
2. Find the value of the following:
(a) 72 (b) 33 (c) 35

(d) 28 (e) 70 (f) 53
(g) 43 (h) 63 (i) 17
(j) 10 6 (k) 210 (l) 36
3
3. Simplify each of the following, leaving your answer in index notation.
(a) 27 × 25 (b) 3 2 × 3 4 × 36 (c) 52 × 52 × 52
(d) 43 × 4 7 (e) 7 2 × 7 4 × 73 (f) 21 × 25 × 22 × 21
(g) 2 3 × 2 3 × 51 × 53 (h) 32 × 33 × 4 5 × 4 2 × 31 (i) 52 × 5 4 × 5 7
4. Simplify each of the following, leaving your answer in index notation.
(a) 34 ÷ 33 (b) 75 ÷ 72 (c) (2 3

× 2 5 ÷ 28 )
(d) 812 ÷ 87 (e) (4 × 4 ) ÷ 4
3 3 3
(f) 26 ÷ 23 × 22 ( )
(g) (910
)
× 9 4 ÷ 96 (h) (6 ÷ 6 ) × 6
11 10 3
(i) (10 9
)
× 10 9 ÷ 1016
(j) (4 7
÷4 )×4 3 2
(k) (2 × 2 × 2 ) ÷ 2
1 2 3 4
(l) 8
(
6 ÷ 6 × 62 × 63 1
)
5. Express each of the following numbers as a number to a power, e.g. 256 = 2 8 .
(a) 1024 (b) 243 (c) 125 (d) 216
(e) 512 (f) 169 (g) 343 (h) 1000
(i) 625 (j) 2048 (k) 289 (l) 1331
6. Fill in the missing numbers.
(a) (2 ) 3 2
= 2? (b) (3 )
3 3
= 3? (c) (5 ) ? 3
= 512
(d) (2 ) 4 ?
= 28 (e) (5 )
3 2
= 5? (f) (4 ) 3 ?
= 415
(g) (10 ) 3 ?
= 10 9 (h) (7 )
4 2
= 7? (i) (2 ) ? 6
= 212
(j) (3 )
? 7
= 321 (k) (2 )
4 ?
= 216 (l) (6 ) ? 4
= 6 20
7. Simplify the following expressions, leaving your answers in index notation.
(a) a 4 × a3 (b) x5 ÷ x2 (c) (b 4

)
× b3 ÷ b5
(d) a 4 ÷ a3 (e) x4 × x5 (f) (x 4

×x )
5 2
(g) (a 5
)
÷ a2 × a (h) (a ) × (a )
3 2 2 3
(i) (x 2
×x ) ÷x
3 2 4
(j) (b 4
÷b ) 2 3
(k) (b ) ÷ (b )
4 3 2 3
(l) [a 4
× (a ) ] ÷ a
2 3 8
( )
2
x7 × x2 a4 × a2 x5
(m) (n) (o)
x4 a8 x2 × x2
4
8. (a) Fill in the missing number.

2 4 × 2 ? = 210
(b) 210 is approximately equal to 1000.

1 000 000 is approximately equal to 2 ?
(SEG)
1.4 Factors
1. Which of the following numbers are divisible by 2, 4 or 5?
(a) 10 (b) 24 (c) 60 (d) 108
(e) 135 (f) 189 (g) 240 (h) 315
(i) 648 (j) 756 (k 1024 (l) 2410
2. Which of the following numbers are divisible by 3, 9 or 11?

(a) 18 (b) 72 (c) 126 (d) 441
(e) 649 (f) 825 (g) 1419 (h) 9372
3. List all factors of these numbers.

(a) 20 (b) 24 (c) 32 (d) 84
(e) 60 (f) 102 (g) 81 (h) 98
4. Copy and fill in the missing factors in each of the following.

(a) 35 = 5 × ? (b) 77 = 7 × ? (c) 96 = 8 × ?
(d) 42 = 2 × 3 × ? (e) 66 = 2 × 3 × ? (f) 72 = 3 × 4 × ?
(g) 104 = 2 × 4 × ? (h) 125 = 5 × 5 × ? (i) 220 = 2 × 2 × 5 × ?
5. Copy and complete the following factor trees.

(a) 8 (b) 36
2 4
8 = ? × ? × ? 36 = ? × ? × ? × ?
(c) 30 (d) 72
30 = ? × ? × ? 72 = ? × ? × ? × ? × ?
5
1.5 Prime Factors

1. Which of the numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 are prime factors of the following numbers?
(a) 189 (b) 264 (c) 490 (d) 720
(e) 165 (f) 288 (g) 2873 (h) 2310
(i) 3640 (j) 6006 (k) 1925 (l) 1815
2. Use the Sieve of Eratosthenes to find all prime numbers between 100 and 200.
3. Express the following numbers as products of prime numbers.

(a) 150 (b) 60 (c) 72 (d) 144
(e) 315 (f) 210 (g) 284 (h) 180
(i) 270 (j) 231 (k) 306 (l) 500
(m) 702 (n) 3234 (o) 8008 (p) 8190
4. Find the highest common factor of the following.

(a) 16 and 24 (b) 45 and 63 (c) 56 and 70
(d) 90 and 126 (e) 42, 66 and 78 (f) 84, 98 and 154
(g) 189 and 84 (h) 315 and 720 (i) 616 and 392
(j) 560, 140 and 224 (k) 132, 156 and 180 (l) 525, 1400 and 315
5. (a) Copy and put {9, 17, 28, 30} into the correct boxes.
Is it odd?
Yes No
Is it a Is it a
prime number? square number?
Yes No Yes No
Does it have
exactly six factors?
Yes No
(b) Write down a number that could go into the empty box.
(SEG)
6
6. (a) Express the following numbers as products of their prime factors.

(i) 72 (ii) 80
(b) Two cars go round a race track. The first car takes 1 minute 12 seconds to
complete a circuit and the second car takes 1 minute 20 seconds.
They start level.
Find the length of time before they are next level with one another.
(SEG)
1.7 Standard Form

1. Write the following numbers in standard form, A × 10 n , where 1 ≤ A < 10 and
n is an integer.
(a) 4000 (b) 560 (c) 700 000
(d) 50 (e) 4213 (f) 2700
(g) 236 (h) 2360 (i) 0.12
(j) 0.007 (k) 0.1007 (l) 0.000 12
(m) 2 million (n) 0.1 million (o) 562 005
(p) 23.006 (q) 470.3 (r) 0.003002
2. Express the following in ordinary notation.
(a) 3.2 × 10 2 (b) 4.67 × 10 3 (c) 1.30 × 10 1
(d) 5.632 × 10 6 (e) 6.72 × 10 4 (f) 12.4 × 10 3
(g) 3.612 × 10 − 2 (h) 1.47 × 10 − 1 (i) 65.3 × 10 2
(j) 7.124 × 10 − 3 (k) 65.3 × 10 − 4 (l) 1.34 × 10 − 5
(m) 325 × 10 − 7 (n) 6.183 × 10 − 2 (o) 99.9 × 10 5
(p) 2.75 × 10 8 (q) 2.75 × 10 − 3 (r) 4.216 × 10 − 2
3. State whether or not the following numbers are in standard form.

If not, rewrite them in standard form.
(a) 2.157 × 10 − 1 (b) 42.76 × 10 2 (c) 5.672 × 10 − 5
(d) 0.782 × 10 − 3 (e) 516 × 10 − 2 (f) 2.17 × 10 2
(g) 82.71 × 10 − 1 (h) 0.01 × 10 − 2 (i) 8.9 × 10 0
4. The area of the surface of the earth is about 510 000 000 km2.
Express this in standard form.
5. The population of the UK is estimated as 58 700 000.

Write this in standard form.
7
6. The speed of light is approximately 300 000 km/s.

(a) Express this speed in m/s in standard form.
(b) The speed of sound is 300 m/s. How many times more than the speed of
sound is the speed of light?
Give your answer in standard form.
7. The population of Singapore in a given year was 2.5 × 10 6 .

Its total land area is estimated as 618 km2. What was the average population per
square km in that year?
Give your answer in standard form, correct to 2 significant figures.
1.8 Calculations with Standard Form

1. Without using a calculator, work out the following calculations.
Express your answer in standard form.
(a) (2.8 × 10 ) + (3 × 10 )
4 3
(b) (2.8 × 10 ) − (3 × 10 )
4 3
(c) (6.3 × 10 ) + (5.37 × 10 )

3 4
(d) (9.7 × 10 ) + (0.3 × 10 )
2 3
(e) (4 × 10 ) × (2 × 10 )
3 2
(f) (5 × 10 ) × (3 × 10 )
4 2
(g) (8 × 10 ) ÷ (4 × 10 )
4 2
(h) (1.5 × 10 ) × (2 × 10 )
3 6
(i) (6.5 × 10 ) × (2 × 10 )
2 4
(j) (9 × 10 ) ÷ (2 × 10 )
2 3
(k) (6.4 × 10 ) ÷ (1.6 × 10 )

6 3
(l) (8.4 × 10 ) ÷ (2.1 × 10 )
5 3
(m) (2.5 × 10 ) × (4 × 10 )
6 −4
(n) (3.4 × 10 ) × (2 × 10 )
−4 3
(o) (5 × 10 ) × (2 × 10 )
−3 −2
(p) (2.4 × 10 ) × (5 × 10 )
−2 2
2. ( ) (
Write 4 × 10 − 4 + 8 × 10 − 3 ) as a single number expressed in standard form.
3. Given that x = 2 × 10 − 3 and y = 7 × 10 − 4 , express x + 8 y in standard form.
4. ( )
Express 10 − 6 − 2.5 × 10 − 7 in standard form.
5. Given that x = 3.2 × 10 6 and y = 5 × 10 7 , express in standard form:

2
x 2  x
(a) xy (b) (c) y (d)  
y  y
M
6. In the formula R = , substitute
EI
M = 6 × 10 4 , E = 4.5 × 10 8 , I = 4 × 10 2
and evaluate R, giving your answer in standard form.
8
7. The radius of a circular micro-organism is 2.8 × 10 − 7 cm.

Calculate the circumference and area of the micro-organism, giving your answer in
standard form.
8.* Evaluate each of the following expressions, giving your answer in standard form.
(a) 6.393 × 7.84 (b) 16.34 − 3.656
(c) 7.81 × 10 3 − 0.13− 2 (d) 6.3 × 1014 × 8.919
(e) 9.94 × 1012 ÷ 23.54 (f) 3.62 × 10 − 4
5.21 × 10 − 4
(g) 4.5 × 10 2 × 7.26 × 10 − 6 (h)
2.26 × 10 4
7.2 × 10 8
[(4.12 × 10 ) ÷ (6.25 × 10 )]
3
3 2 2
(i) (j)
4.31 × 10 6
15.3 × 12.4
9. Given that = 1.2 , without using a calculator, find the value of
5.1 × 31
15.3 × 1.24
51 × 3.1
and express it in standard form.
10.* If x = 3.6 × 10 − 2 , evaluate and express your answer in standard form:
(a) 4x2 + x (b) x +1
11. Given that x = 5 × 10 5 , find the value of each of the following, giving your
answer in standard form.
2 3500
(a) 5x (b) x2 (c) (d)
x x2
12. Work out 4 × 10 8 − 4 × 10 6 . Give your answer in standard form.

(LON)
13. Saturn is approximately 1.43 × 10 9 km from the Sun.

Venus is approximately 1.08 × 10 8 km from the Sun.
How much further from the Sun is Saturn than Venus?
(SEG)
14. A light year is the distance travelled by light in 365 days.

The speed of light is 3.9 × 10 5 kilometres per second.
(a) Calculate the number of kilometres in one light year.
9
(b) The distance to the nearest star is 4.0 × 1013 kilometres.

How many light years is this?
(c) One kilometre = 0.625 miles.
Calculate the speed of light in miles per second.
(SEG)
15. The mass, M, of the planet Mars is 6.45 × 10 23 kg.

The planet is a sphere with radius, r, equal to 2.28 × 1011 m.
Use this formula to find its density:
M
Density =
4 3
πr
3
Express your answer in standard form, correct to three significant figures.
(SEG)
16. The surface of the Earth is approximately 1.971 × 10 8 square miles.

The surface area of the Earth covered by water is approximately
1.395 × 10 8 square miles.
(a) Calculate the surface area of the Earth not covered by water.
b) What percentage of the Earth's surface is not covered by water?
(SEG)
17. The mass of a neutron is 1.675 × 10 − 24 grams. Calculate the total mass of
1500 neutrons.
(LON)
10
2 Formulae
2.1 Using Formulae
1. The area of an ellipse is given by
A = π ab
where a and b are given lengths (as shown).
b
a
Find the area of an ellipse when
(a) a = 4, b = 2
(b) a = 2, b = 4
(c) a=b=3
2. The perimeter length of a triangle is given by
p=a+b+c
where a, b and c are the lengths of the
three sides of the triangle.
a b
Find the perimeter length when
(a) a = 1, b = 2 and c = 3
c
(b) a = 4, b = 3 and c = 2
(c) a=b=c=3
If a = 4, b = 3 and p = 11 , what is the length c?
3. Euler's formula for the vertices of a shape states that

v=e− f +2
where e is the number of edges and f is the number of faces.
Determine v when
(a) e = 9, f = 5 (b) e = 6, f = 4
If v = 8 and e = 12 , determine f.
4. Find the value of the function f where x = 2 and y = 3 and when

(a) f =x+y (b) f = 4x − 2y
x+y
(c) f = x 2 + y2 (d) f =
10
x+2
(e) f = (f) f = xy − 4
y +1
2x + 1
(g) f = 2 x 2 − y2 (h) f =
y
f = ( x + y)
2
(i) f = x 2 y2 (j)
11
5. Repeat Question 4 with x = 3 and y = 4 .
6. Find the value of the functions

x+y+z
f = 3
x y z and g =
3
when
(a) x=y=z=2 (b) x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 (c) x = 2, y = 3, z = 4
2.2 Construct and Use Simple Formulae

1. Find a formula for the perimeter, P, of each of the shapes below.
(a) b (b) a
a a
a a
a a
b a
(c) b (d) a
a a b b
c c
a a d d
b c c
b b
a
In each of the following cases, use the formula to find the value of P:
(a) when a = 5 cm, b = 10 cm ;
(b) when a = 5 cm ;
(c) when a = 5 cm, b = 10 cm ;
(d) when a = 8 cm, b = 2 cm, c = 3 cm, d = 5 cm .
2. Find the area, A, and perimeter length, P, for each of these shapes.
(a) 2a (b)
a a
a a
2a 2a 2a 2a 2a
4a
2a
(c) a (d)
a a
a a 5a 5a
4a
a a
3a 6a
In each case, find A and P when a = 2 cm .
12
3. Petrol costs 58p per litre. What is the cost, in pounds, of x litres?
Use your formula to find the cost of
(a) 10 litres (b) 50 litres
4. A piece of wire is bent into the shape shown.

b
Find the total length of the wire used. a a
b
a
Simplify your answer. a
(All dimensions are in centimetres.) b a
a
b
If the total length of the wire is 24 cm and
a = 2 cm , what is the length of b?
5. A train operating company calculates its fares using the formula 12p per mile. If you
travel a distance x miles, what is the formula for the cost in
(a) pence (b) pounds
Use your answer to (b) to find the cost when you travel
(i) 10 miles (ii) 100 miles (iii) 200 miles (iv) 1000 miles
6. A removals firm charges a fixed cost of £100 plus a payment of £2 for every mile
travelled by its van. If the van travels x miles, write down a formula for the total cost.
Find the actual costs for journeys of
(a) 50 miles (b) 100 miles (c) 200 miles
2.3 Revision of Negative Numbers

1. Without a calculator, answer the following questions.
(a) 5−2 (b) −5 + 6 (c) −7 + 4
(d) 12 − 14 (e) −10 + ( −5) (f) −10 − ( −5)
(g) −15 − 5 (h) 16 − ( −8) (i) 4 × ( −2)
(j) (− 4) × (−2) (k) ( −8) × 3 (l) ( −10) × ( −5)

(m) 14 ÷ ( −7) (n) ( −10) ÷ 2 (o) ( −10) ÷ ( −2)
(p) 20 ÷ ( −5) (q) ( −15) ÷ ( −3) (r) ( −16) ÷ 4
2. Evaluate, without using a calculator:
(a) ( −2)2 (b) ( −1) × 1 (c) ( −1) × ( −1)

(d) ( − 4 )2 (e) 32 + ( − 4 )
2
(f) ( −6)2 + ( −8)2
(g) ( −1)2 ÷ ( −2)2 (h) ( −2)2 × ( −3)2
13
(i) 4 × ( −5) + (( −100) ÷ ( − 4)) (j) ( −20) ÷ ( −5) + ( −2)2
(k) ( −3)2 + ( − 4)2 (l) [(−3) × (− 4)] ÷ (−2)

(m) ( −2)3 (n) ( −1)2 × ( −1) (o) ( −5)3
3. The outside temperature was monitored every 4 hours for one day.
Here is the recorded information.
Time Temperature °C
00.00 −11
04.00 −7
08.00 −1
12.00 5
16.00 6
20.00 0
24.00 −5
(a) What is the difference between the lowest and highest temperatures?
(b) What is the difference between the temperature at
(i) 04.00 and 08.00 (ii) 04.00 and 12.00
(iii) 16.00 and 24.00 (iv) 08.00 and 20.00
(v) 00.00 and 24.00 (vi) 20.00 and 24.00?
2.4 Substitution into Formulae

1. The speed of a bike, v metres per second, is given by the formula
v = u + ft
when u is its initial speed (in m/s), f its acceleration (in m/s2) and t, the time in
seconds.
Determine v when
(a) u = 0, f = 5 and t = 10 (b) u = 20, f = 2 and t = 5
(c) u = 20, f = 0 and t = 5 (d) u = 40, f = − 5 and t = 5
(e) u = 40, f = − 5 and t = 8
In each case, briefly describe the motion of the bike.
14
2. The Fahrenheit scale, (F) and the Celsius scale (C) are related by the formula
9
F= C + 32
5
(a) Give the following temperatures in Fahrenheit.
(i) Normal body temperature: 37 °C
(ii) Boiling point of water: 100 °C
(b) Give the following temperatures in degrees Celsius.

(i) Freezing point of water: 32 °F
(ii) Singapore's average daily temperature: 86 °F
3. If x = 3, y = 4 and z = 7 , find the values of the following expressions:

12
(a) 5yz (b) x yz (c)
xy
xy
(d) (e) 2 x + 3y (f) x − 5y + 2z
18
(g) x y + yz (h) x 2 + y2 (i) 2z2 + y
(j) y2 + x 3 (k) x y2 (l) 4 x 2 y2
4. If a = 3, b = 2 and c = − 1, find the value of each of the following.
(a) a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 2 abc (b) (2 a + b − c) (4b − 3c)

a b c
(c) ( a − b )2 − ( b − c )2 (d) + −
b c a
a +1 b + c c − a
(e) − + (f) ab − ca + ba
2 4 3
(g) 2 a − 3b 2 + 3abc 2 (h) a 2 + 3b 3 − 4c 5
a + b ab − c 3a − b a + c
(i) − (j) +
c b b−c b−a
2c 2 − 3a 4b a2 − b2 a3 − c
(k) − (l) −
bc − a 3a c2 (c − 3b)
5. Find the value of x 3 + 2 x y 2 + y 3 when x = 2 and y = −1 .
x + 1 2x − 1
6. Find the value of + when x = − 2 .
x − 1 2x +1
7. Find the value of 2 ab + 3bc 2 when a = 0, b = 5 and c = − 2 .
15
8. The distance travelled, s metres, by a car is given by

1 2
s = ut + ft
2
Here u is the car's initial speed (in m/s), t the time (in seconds) and f the
acceleration (in m/s2).
(a) Find s when
(i) u = 0, t = 10, f = 5 (ii) u = 20, t = 5, f = 6
(iii) u = 50, t = 4, f = − 5 (iv) u = 60, t = 10, f = − 2
(b) If the car travels 400 metres in 5 seconds with initial speed of 40 m/s, what is
its acceleration?
2.5 More Complex Formulae

1. It is given that v 2 = u 2 + 2 as . Find the values of u when v = 0.8, a = 0.05 and
s = 2.8 .
18 − 5 x
2. It is given that y = . Find
2y
(a) the values of y if x = − 6.4
1
(b) x if y = 2
2
3. If S =
n
2
[2a + (n − 1) d ], find
1
(a) the value of S when n = 10, a = − 2 and d =
2
(b) a when S = 440, n = 10 and d = 5 .
4. The arithmetic mean, A, geometric mean, G, and harmonic mean, H, of three

numbers, are given by the formulae
a+b+c 3
, G = ( abc) 3 , H =
1
A=
3  1 + 1 + 1
 a b c
Find A, G and H for the following sets of numbers.
(a) a = 2, b = 3, c = 4 (b) a = 1, b = 3, c = 5
(c) a=b=c=3 (d) a = 2.5, b = 3, c = 3.5
What do you notice about the values of A, G and H?
5. Find z, given by each of the following formulae, for the given values of x and y.
1 1 1
(a) = 2 + , x = 2, y = 3
z x y2
(b) z 2 = x 2 + y 2 , x = 3, y = − 4
16
1 x+y
(c) = 2 , x = − 2, y = 4
z x + y2
x x
(d) = + 1, x = 5, y = 2
z y
1 1 1
(e) = 2 + , x = 4, y = 3
z2 x y
6. The formula v 2 = u 2 + 2 f s connects the initial, (u), and final, (v), speeds of a car,
with its acceleration, (f), and distance travelled, (s).
Find v (in m/s) when
(a) u = 0, f = 10 m/s2 , s = 100 m
(b) u = 20 m/s, f = 5 m/s2 , s = 50 m
(c) u = 75 m/s, f = − 10 m/s2 , s = 25 m
2.6 Changing the Subject

1. Make s the subject of each of the following:
(a) 2 s − 8 p = 14 (b) 28 = 4 s + r − s (c) 10 − 2 s = 12 r + 2 s
2. In each of the following, make y the subject:

k y
(a) y +x = 6 (b) m+y=2−n (c) =
5 3
(d) 3+ m= d + y (e) 5 = y − 3m (f) 2 y + 6 = 48 + 2 x
3. (a) Given that 4a + b = c − a , express a in terms of b and c.

(b) Given that x − y = 3z , express y in terms of x and z.
(c) Given that pq = r , express q in terms of p and r.
(d) Given that a + b = 8c + 7 , express c in terms of a and b.
4. Make a the subject of the following formulae:

(a) a+x=b (b) a+h=k (c) a−m=n
(d) a−k=h (e) a−b=c+d (f) a+c=d+e
(g) y+a=x (h) z − a = 2k (i) p=a−q
(j) 5k = p − a (k) 7k = p + a (l) a − b − c = k2
(m) b − a + k = h3 (n) m+n+a=k (o) m−n−a=h
(p) 7k − h − a = 2 a (q) 5 pq − a = p 2 − q (r) 3x y + a = x 2 y
17
(s) 5a = 15 (t) ax = 3 y (u) xay = 3k
(v) 2 x y = 3ak (w) ak = p − q + k (x) ax 2 = 5 y − 4
5. Make a the subject of the given formula.
(a) ax = y (b) a ( p − 4) = q (c) ax + by = c
(d) p (a + b) = c (e) 2 a − 3m = 4 a − 7 (f) 5b − 2 a = 3c
a 2a p+a
(g) +b=c (h) x= + 5z (i) = 3p
m 3 5
(j) R = m ( a + g) (k) 2b = ax + a (l) 2 m = 65 − 4 a
6. (a) The volume of a cylinder is given by
V = π r 2h
(i) Make h the subject of this equation. h
(ii) Find h when r = 3 cm and V = 350 cm 3 . r
(b) The total surface area is given by
s = 2π r 2 + 2π rh
(i) Make h the subject of this equation.
(ii) Find h when r = 3 cm and s = 300 cm 2 .
7. Electrical fuses are available as shown.
p p mp
3 am 5 am 13 a
The correct fuse to use for an electrical appliance can be calculated using this
formula,
P
F=
240
where F = Fuse rating in amps ,
P = Power rating in watts .
(a) Which fuse should be fitted for a toaster with power rating 1100 watts?
(b) An electric heater needs a 13 amp fuse. What is the largest power rating the
heater could have?
(SEG)
18
8. The length of a man's forearm (f cm) and his height (h cm) are approximately
related by the formula
h = 3 f + 90
(a) Part of the skeleton of a man is found and the forearm is 20 cm long.
Use the formula to estimate the man's height.
(b) A man's height is 162 cm.

Use the formula to estimate the length of his forearm.
(c) George is 1 year old and he is 70 cm tall.

Find the value the formula gives for the length of his forearm and state why
this value is impossible.
(d) Use the formula to find an expression for f in terms of h.
(MEG)
2.7 Further Change of Subject

1. The volume of a cylinder is given by
V = π r 2h
h
where r is the base radius and h the height.
r
(a) Make r the subject of the formula.
(b) Find r when V = 300 cm 3 and h = 5 cm
2. The volume of a toy, consisting of a base hemisphere

and cone top, is given by
1 2
V = π r 2h + π r3
3 3
Make h the subject of this equation and find h when
V = 300 cm 3 and r = 3 cm .
3. The surface area of a sphere is given by
S = 4π r 2
(a) Make r the subject of this equation.
(b) Find r when (i) S = 100 cm 2 (ii) S = 200 cm 2
By what factor does the radius change when the surface area is doubled?
4. Make x the subject of

(a) y = 4x + 2 (b) y = 1 − 3x (c) y = mx + c
1 1
(d) y= (e) y =1+ x (f) y=
x +1 1+ x
19
5x 1 1
(g) y= (h) y= x +1 (i) = +1
a y x
1 2 1 1 1 4
(j) = − (k) y= + (l) y=
y 3 x 4 x 2+x
1 1 1
5. If = + , make u the subject of this formula. Find u when
f u v
(a) f = 5 and v = 1 (b) f = 3 and v = − 2
6. The percentage profit, p, on the sale of an item is given by the formula

100( s − c)
p=
c
where s is the selling price and c is the cost price.
Express c in terms of s and p.
(MEG)
7. Students conduct an experiment to find g, the acceleration due to gravity.
They measure the time, T seconds, for one complete swing of a pendulum of length
L centimetres.
The formula for g is
4π 2 L
g=
T2
(a) Find g when L = 39.24 and T = 1.26 .
Take π = 3.142 or use the π button on your calculator.
(b) Rearrange the formula to express T in terms of L, π and g.
(SEG)
2.8 Expansion of Brackets

1. Copy and complete the following multiplication tables. Some have been done for
you.
(a) (b)
6 2k 2
x y−2 3y 4 − 3y x −k 2 − 2k
y 3 3k
−1 −3y 6 −6k
1 3 8
1− y −4 −
4 4 3k
2 3
1 3 1
− − −
2 y 2
20
2. Remove the brackets in each of the following algebraic expressions.
(a) 2(u − 3) (b) 8(v + 7)
(c) 4(2 x + 3 y) (d) 6(5a − b)
(e) −2( p − q ) (f) −5( a + b)
(g) −3( −2u − 3v) (h) 8( −2u − 3v)
1 1
(i) (10 p − 6q) (j) (20 x − 15)
2 5
(k) −(b + c) (l) −( p − q )
(m) − x ( p + q) (n) − y( − x + y )
(o) −( − p − q ) (p) −( −t + r )
6 a b − c
12
a − b
4 1 5
(q) (r)

2 3 5  3 6 
3. Simplify each of the following algebraic expressions.
(a) (3 x − 2 y ) + ( 4 x − y ) (b) ( p − m ) + ( m − 2 p)
(c) 5( x − 2) + 3( 4 − x ) (d) (3a + 2b) − (a − b)
(e) 2(3m + n) − 3( m − 3n) (f) ( x − y) − ( y − z ) − ( z − x )
(g) 3a(b − c) + (3b − 2)a (h) m( m − n) − n(n − m)
(i) x ( y − z ) + y( z − x ) + z( x − y) (j) 3(2 y + 5z ) − 4(2 y − x )
4. Multiply out and simplify each of the following expressions.
(a) 6(3x + y) (b) 5z( z − 2 y )
1
(c) (2 x y − 4 yz ) (d) q( p + 2 r − 3s)
2
(e) ( p + q ) (r + s) (f) ( x + y) ( z + 2 w)
(g) (3a + b) (a + c) (h) (m + 2n) (2 p + 3q)
(i) ( a − b ) (c + d ) (j) (2 e − f ) (2 g − h )
(k) (3 p − 4 q ) ( s + 2 t ) (l) (a + 7) (2b + 5)
(m) ( x + 3) ( x + 4) (n) (a + 5) (a − 3)
(o) ( x − 7) ( x − 6) (p) (3 + c ) ( 6 − c )
(q) (1 − 3x ) (4 + 3x ) (r) (2 p + 3) ( p + 5)
21
(s) ( 4 x + 5 y ) (2 x + 3 y ) (t) (d − 7) (d − 5)
(u) (a + 5)2 (v) ( x − 3)2
(w) ( b + 2 )2 (x) (e − 4 )2
(y) (2 x + 1)2 (z) (3 x − 2 ) 2
2.9 Factorisation
1. Factorise the following:
(a) 2x + 4 (b) 9 − 3x
(c) 2 + 10 x (d) −5 − 15x
(e) x2 + 2x (f) x − 3x 2
(g) 4x + 2x2 (h) 3x 2 − 9 x
(i) 10 x − 5 x 2 (j) 7 x 2 + 21
(k) 3x 2 − x 3 (l) 2 x + 8x 3
(m) 2 x 3 + 10 x 2 (n) 4x2 − 4
2. The following expressions have been partly factorised.

Complete the factorisation.
(a) (
2x2 − 4x = 2 x2 − 2x = ? ) (b) 10 x − 5 x 2 = x (10 − 5 x ) = ?
(c) 4x3 + 8x = 4 ( x 3
)
+ 2x = ? (d) 8 x y + 16 x 2 = x (8 y + 16 x ) = ?
(e) ( )
5 x y + 10 x 2 y 2 = 5 x y + 2 x 2 y 2 = ?
3. Factorise the following:

(a) 10 a − 15b (b) 50 py − 120 p
(c) 24 abc − 8ab (d) 6 abc + 12 bcd
(e) 16 m 2 + 12 n 2 (f) p2 y + p2 y2
(g) 18s 2 t − 12 st 2 (h) 10 a + 15a 2
(i) c − c2 (j) 2 a 2 b 2 − 8a 2 b
(k) m 2 n − mnl (l) 6 x y − 3y + 9 x
(m) pqr + p 2 + pr (n) abc + a 2 b + bc
(o) 8abc + 6 ab 2 c + 4 abc 2 (p) 5s 2 t − 3st − 4 st 2
22
3 Angle Geometry
3.1 Measuring Angles
1. Using a protractor, measure the marked angles.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
2. Draw angles with the following sizes.

(a) 22° (b) 75° (c) 120° (d) 90°
(e) 153° (f) 45° (g) 180° (h) 62°
3. Measure these angles.
(a) (b)
2 3
4. Draw angles with the following sizes.

(a) 195° (b) 330° (c) 262°
5. For each triangle, measure each angle and add up the three angles obtained.
(a) (b) (c)
What do you conclude?
6. For each quadrilateral, measure all the interior angles and find the sum.
(a) (b) (c)
3.2 Line and Rotational Symmetry

1. Copy each shape below, mark all lines of symmetry and state the order of rotational
symmetry.
(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
2 4
(g) (h) (i)
2. Copy and complete each shape below so that they have line symmetry but no
rotational symmetry. Mark your lines of symmetry.
(a) (b) (c)
3. Copy and complete each shape below so that they have rotational symmetry but no
line symmetry. In each case state the order of rotational symmetry.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4. Copy and complete each of the following shapes, so that they have both rotational
and line symmetry. In each case draw the lines of symmetry and state the order of
the rotational symmetry.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
5. Draw a shape with exactly 5 lines of symmetry.
2 5
3.3 Angle Geometry

1. Calculate the size of the angles marked with a letter in each diagram. None to scale
(a) (b) (c)

70˚ 54˚
20˚
b
a 65˚ 25˚ c 36˚
(d) (e) (f)

30˚
56˚ 40˚
e 70˚
d
60˚ 70˚
62˚ g
f
(g) (h) j (i) k

h
22˚ l
33˚
35˚
i
(j) (k) (l)

51˚
n
105˚
p
a
60˚ 80˚
33˚
m
(m) (n) s (o)

35˚ 99˚
u
v
121˚
51˚ 33˚
q r 100˚ t
72˚
2. Find the angles marked with a letter in each rectangle below.
(a) (b) (c)
a
45˚
20˚
50˚ c
b
2 6
3. The framework of a symmetrical roof is illustrated below. OA is perpendicular to

BOC. A
c
40˚
a
B C
O
Find the size of the angles marked a, b and c.
4. Write down an equation that is satisfied in each of the following diagrams.

In each case, solve the equation for x.
2x
(a) (b)
x
6x
2x
2x
(c) 5x (d)
6x
2x
x
4x
4x 3x 5x
(e) (f)
90 + x
x 5x
x
x 3x
3.4 Angles with Parallel and Intersecting Lines

1. Calculate the unknown angles in the following diagrams.
(a) (b) (c)

37˚
45˚
b a 60˚
e
35˚
31˚ c d 69˚
2 7
(d) (e) (f)
142˚ 27˚ a
f g
h 290º
114˚ 15˚
68˚
(g) (h) (i)
63˚
50˚ 45˚
f
70˚
38˚
e
32˚ b a
d
p
(j) (k) (l)

67˚ 25˚
e
m
85˚
e 80˚
f 57˚
g
(m) (n) (o) 82˚
s 40˚ x
140˚
65˚ 120˚ 265˚
(p) (q) (r)

p
83˚ b 112˚
100˚ a
69˚ e a 72˚ c
110˚
(s) (t)
313˚
27˚
x
46˚ 56˚
x y
2 8
2. For each diagram, find an equation in x, and hence solve for x.
(a) (b)
x 5x
7x
2x
(c) 5x
4x
3. Find the values of the unknown angles in each of the following.
(a) (b)
126˚ b
a 66˚
28˚ 154˚
(c) c (d) a
284˚ 284˚
38˚ 137˚
(e) (f)
72˚
4e 3e g
f 131˚
5e
4. ABCD is a rhombus. D C
27˚
Angle BDC = 27°

The diagonals AC and BD cross at O. O
Calculate the size of the angle ADC.

A B
2 9
5. The pentagon ABCDE is the frame for Ibrahim's mountain bike. E
ABC is an isosceles triangle in which Not to scale

A
AB = BC and angle BCA = 65° . D
In the quadrilateral ACDE angle ACD = 70° ,

angle CAE = 90° and AC is parallel to ED.
65˚ 70˚
B C
(a) (i) Calculate the size of angle ABC.
(ii) What facts about the angles of a triangle did you use in your
calculation?
(b) Calculate the size of the angle CDE.
(MEG)
3.5 Angle Symmetry in Polygons

1. Find the sum of the interior angles of
(a) a quadrilateral (b) a pentagon.
2. Find the size of each interior angle of

(a) a regular hexagon (b) a regular nonagon.
3. Find the number of sides of a polygon if the sum of its interior angles is
(a) 1800° (b) 1080° .
4. Each interior angle of a regular polygon is 140° . Find the number of sides of the
polygon.
5. Each interior angle of a regular n-gon is 168° . What is the value of n?
6. Find the value of x in each of the following diagrams.

108˚
(a) x (b) (c)
110˚
84˚ 2x 5x
4x
4x
78˚ 78˚
x
102˚ 4x
62˚
(d) x (e) (f)

114˚
107˚ 128˚ 93˚ 142˚
x x
122˚ 104˚
x 133˚
x 3x 4x
121˚
3 0
7. The angles of a quadrilaterial are 3x, 4x, 5x and 6x.

(a) Find x. (b) What are the angles in degrees?
8.
(a) For each diagram above, show three different ways of shading parts of the
shapes so that they have line symmetry but no rotational symmetry.
(b) Shade sections of one shape so that it has rotational symmetry of order 2 but
no lines of symmetry. Is it possible to do this for both shapes?
(c) Repeat (b) for rotational symmetry of order 3.
(d) Repeat (b) for rotational symmetry of order 4.
9. (a) A regular polygon has an interior angle of 175° .

How many sides does it have?
(b) A second regular polygon has an interior angle which is 1° smaller.
How many sides does it have?
(c) Is it possible for a regular polygon to have an interior angle of 173° ?
10. (a) The diagram shows part of a tiling pattern of regular pentagons and another
shape.
x
108˚
(i) Which of the following correctly describes the shaded shape:

square, rhombus, trapezium, rectangle, parallelogram, kite?
(ii) Calculate the size of the angle marked x.
(iii) A regular pentagon has rotational symmetry. What is the order of
rotational symmetry of a regular pentagon?
3 1
(b) Another tiling pattern is formed using regular octagons and squares, as
shown.
Calculate the size of the angle marked y.

(c) Draw a tiling pattern using regular hexagons only. You must draw at least
five hexagons.
(SEG)
3.6 Symmetry Properties of 3D Shapes

1. The following solids have rotational symmetry.
For each of them, state the order of rotational symmetry about the given axis.
(a) (b)
(c)
2. For each of the following prisms, copy each diagram and draw an axis so that the
order of rotational symmetry about that axis is 2.
(a) (b) (c)
3 2
3. In the given prism, the cross-section is in the shape of a

regular pentagon. Draw
(a) an axis ST so that the order of rotational symmetry
about ST is 2;
(b) an axis XY so that the order of rotational symmetry
about XY is 5.
4. State the order of rotational symmetry about each of the axes shown.
All the 12 edges of the solid are equal in length.
(a) (b) (c)
P
5.
R S
Q
For the solid above, find the order of its rotational symmetry about
(a) PQ (b) RS.
6. (a) A cube has 9 planes of symmetry. Draw diagrams to show these planes.
(b) A cube has 3 axes of rotational symmetry of order 4.
Draw diagrams to show these axes.
(c) The diagram of a cube opposite shows one
axis of rotational symmetry of order 3.
There are 3 other axes with the same order.
(d) There are 6 axes with symmetry of order 2.
7. Draw a solid that has one axis of symmetry and rotational symmetry of order 5
about the axis.
3 3
3.7 Compass Bearings

1. The map below shows the positions of some villages.
Bragfoot Harcombe N
W E
Sheepwash Cove
West Leigh
Bratton
Scale: 2 miles to 1 cm
(a) Which village is due north of Sheepwash?

(b) Which village is due west of Cove?
(c) What is the compass direction of Sheepwash from West Leigh?
(d) How many miles is
(i) Bratton from Cove (ii) Harcombe from Bragfoot?
(e) Make a tracing of the map and mark the positions of
(i) Darley, which is 3 miles due south of Harcombe,
(ii) Lee, which is 4 miles south east of Bragfoot.
2. For each of the following, write down the bearing of B from A.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

North North North North
B
B
70˚
60˚
A 140˚ A 160˚ A A
B
B
3 4
3. North
What is the bearing of (a) Q from P

106˚
P (b) P from Q?
Q
North
4.
T
What is the bearing of (a) T from S?
(b) S from T? 60˚
S
5. Draw a diagram with 4 towns marked, so that that three of the towns are
equidistant from the fourth town, P, and have bearings from P of
(a) 036° (b) 132° (c) 265° .
North
6.
A field is in the shape of a square, with corners W, X, Y and Z.
Z 135˚ The bearing of Y from Z is 135° .
W Y Find the bearing of (a) Y from X (b) W from Z.
X North
A
7. What is the bearing of
(a) A from O (b) B from O B
55˚
(c) O from A (d) O from B? 25˚
O
North
8. The figure shows the positions of P, Q and R. Q
What is the bearing of 100˚
(a) Q from P (b) P from Q R
36˚
(c) R from P (d) P from R 37˚
(e) Q from R (f) R from Q? P
9. A point B is 280 m due North of the point A. A man walks from A in the direction
050° . Calculate how far he walks before he is
(a) equidistant from A and B, (b) as close as possible to B,
(c) due east of B.
3 5
3.8 Angles and Circles 1

1. Find the angles marked with a letter in each of the following diagrams. (In each
case O is the centre of the circle.)
(a) a (b)
c 32˚
55˚
O
b O
a b
62˚
(c) (d) e d
O b a b 72˚ c
d e O
c
57˚ a
(e) (f)
c
O b O c
25˚ b
a
80˚ 50˚
a
2. Find the angles marked with a letter in each diagram below. (In each case O is the
centre of the circle.)
(a)
B
30˚
O
a
A
AB is a tangent
3 6
(b) B
70˚ b
O
A a
C
AB and AC are tangents
3. Find the angles marked with letters in each of the following diagrams. (In each
case O is the centre of the circle.)
(a) (b)
O O b
a 105˚
37˚ b a
(c) (d)
O 39˚ O
61˚
b
52˚
b
a a
4. Find the diameter of each circle below. (In each case O is the centre of the circle.
(a) (b) 7
8 6
O
8
O
(c)
25
O B
24
3 7
MEP Practice Book SA1-3
UNITS 1 – 3
Miscellaneous Exercises
Note
Starred* questions are for Academic Route only.
1. The winning numbers in the National Lottery one week were

49
36
46
39
23
7
Write down the numbers in order of size. Put the smallest one first.
(LON)
2. Write down two different pairs of numbers that multiply together to make 24.
(LON)
3. Ways of getting 192 Ways of getting 272
12 × 16 = 192 17 × 16 = 272
24 × 8 = 192 34 × . . . = 272
48 × 4 = 192 68 × . . . = 272
86 × 2 = 192 . . . × . . . = 272
(LON)
* 4.
Continent Population ( )
Area m 2
Europe 6.82 × 10 8 1.05 × 1010

Asia 2.96 × 10 9 4.35 × 1010
Population
Population density =
Area
Which of these two continents has the larger population density?

You must show all your working.
(SEG)
38
5. The cost of hiring a car can be calculated by using the formula
12 ( m − 50 d )
Cost = 25 d +
100
where d is the number of days the car is hired and m is the number of miles the car
is driven.
A car is hired for 7 days and driven 476 miles.
Calculate the total cost of the car hire.
(SEG)
6. The temperature inside a fridge is 3°C .

The temperature inside a freezer is − 18° C .
(a) How much colder is it inside the freezer than inside the fridge?
9C
(b) The formula F= + 32 is used to convert ° C to ° F .
5
Calculate the temperature inside the freezer in ° F .
(c) The temperature inside the freezer has been recorded to the nearest degree.
What is the minimum temperature inside the freezer in °C ?
(SEG)
* 7. The periodic time, T seconds, of a simple pendulum, of length l metres, is given by
T = 2.006 × 1 .
When l = 1.44 × 10 − 2 m, calculate the periodic time to the nearest hundredth of a

second.
(SEG)
8.
P Q
PQ is a horizontal line. Copy the diagram above and mark on your drawing:
(a) a different horizontal line with a letter H,
(b) an acute angle with a letter A,
(c) an obtuse angle with a letter O.
(LON)
39
9. Here are five shapes.
A C
D E
(a) Write down the letters of the shapes that have a right angle.
(b) In which way are shapes B and D different from shapes A, C and E?
(LON)
10 Copy and draw in all the lines of symmetry for each of these shapes.
(a) (b)
(LON)
11. This shape is formed from two overlapping squares with AB = BC and
angle ABC = 90° .
C
Not to scale
A B
(a) The shape has line symmetry. Draw the shape and its lines of symmetry.
(b) The shape has rotational symmetry.
What is the order of rotational symmetry?
(SEG)
40
* 12. (a) Three triangles are placed together to form a quadrilateral, as shown.
A B
AB is parallel to DC.
BC = AD and AE = EB .
E is the mid-point of DC.
D E C
Name two angles which are the same size as angle BAE, giving a reason for
each of your answers.
(b) These tiling patterns have been made using regular polygons.
a b
(i) Work out the size of the angles marked a and b.

(ii) Explain why a tiling pattern cannot be made with only regular
pentagons.
(SEG)
13.
Manchester
Nottingham
Ipswich
Cardiff Luton
The diagram is part of a map showing the positions of several towns.

Measure and write down the bearing of Manchester from Nottingham.
(LON)
41
4 Trigonometry
4.1 Squares and Triangles
1. For each of the triangles below state whether they are scalene, isosceles or
equilateral.
(a) (b)
7
6
45˚
6
(c) (d)
60˚ 9
11
60˚
4
2. Find the area of a square of side

(a) 3 cm (b) 2m (c) 10 mm
3. Find the length of the sides of a square that has area

(a) 49 cm2 (b) 36 m2 (c) 10000 mm2
4. How many squares of 1 cm2 can be cut from a square of side 10 cm?
4.2 Pythagoras' Theorem

1. For each of the following, find the length of the hypotenuse, giving your answer
correct to 1 decimal place.
(a) (b)
7 cm 7 cm
7 cm
8 cm
11 cm
(c) (d)
4 cm 1m
5m
42
2. Find the length of the side marked r in each triangle.

(a) (b) 1.5 cm
39 m
r r 2.5 cm
15 m
(c) r (d)
26 m
12 cm
r
15 cm
10 m
3. For each of the following triangles, find the length of the side marked s. Give your
answer correct to 1 decimal place.
(a) (b)
s 1.2 cm
s
4.7 cm
12.2 cm
(c) 1 cm (d)
4 cm 2.2 cm
s
s
7 mm
3 mm
(e) (f)
12 cm
3 cm
6.6 cm
s 8.8 cm
43
A
4. Find the height of an equilateral triangle
ABC of side 2 cm.
B C
1 cm 1 cm
5. What is the length of the longest side of the

sail of the boat?
5.4 m ?
3.8 m
6. A ladder of length 4 metres rests with one

end on horizontal ground and the other end
against a vertical wall. If it reaches a point
on the wall 3.5 metres above the ground,
how far is its foot from the wall? Wall
4m
3.5 m
7. Find the height h of the structure.
h 45 m
36 m
8. Which rectangle has the longer diagonal?

D C
4m H G
1m
E 8m F
A 7m B
44
9. The diagram shows a pendulum AB of length 16 cm. AC is a vertical line passing

through A such that AC = 9.4 cm and ACBˆ = 90° . Find BC, giving your answer
correct to 3 significant figures.
A
16 cm
9.4 cm
B C
4.3 Further Work with Pythagoras' Theorem

1. Calculate the lengths x and y in these diagrams. Give your answers correct to
1 decimal place where appropriate. All dimensions are given in cm.
(a) y (b) y
10 1 x
9 x
1
8 1
(c) (d)
y
4.2
y 8
x x
3.8
6.4
6 4
(e) (f)
y
y 5
18.5
9
22.5
x
21.3 4 x
A
2. In the given diagram, calculate AB, giving
your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
4m 12 m
B C
D 7m E
45
3. Calculate the length q.
4m
13 m
10 m
5m q
4. The diagonals of a rhombus are of lengths 9 cm and 13 cm. Find the lengths of its
sides, giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place.
5. A ladder of length 6 metres was placed on

horizontal ground and it leaned against a
vertical wall. If the ladder reached
5.1 metres up the wall, how far from the
wall was the foot of the ladder? Wall
6m 5.1 m
The foot of the ladder then slipped a
distance of 0.5 metres from its original
position. How far up the wall did the ladder
reach? Give both answers to 1 decimal
place.
6. Calculate PQ in the following diagrams. Give your answers correct to 1 decimal

place.
Q
(a) 8 cm (b)
P S
6 cm
16 cm
20 cm
Q R
11 cm
P
O R 7 cm
7. In ∆STU, SU = 24 cm, ST = 26 cm,

ˆ = 90° and V is the foot of the
TUS T
perpendicular from U to ST. Calculate
V
(a) TU, 26 cm
(b) the area of ∆STU ,

(c) UV.
Give your answer to (c) correct to S U
24 cm
1 decimal place.
46
4.4 Sine, Cosine and Tangent

1. For each of the following triangles, all dimensions are in cm. Find the tangent ratio
of the shaded angle.
2
(a) (b) c
b
2 4
4
(c) (d) k
f 1 2
5
2. Find each of the following, giving your answer correct to 3 decimal places.
(a) tan 36° (b) tan 42° (c) tan 55°
(d) tan17° (e) tan 68° (f) tan 73°
(g) tan 67.4° (h) tan 75.5° (i) tan 81.2°
(j) tan 89.3° (k) tan 16.9° (l) tan 26.2°
3. Find the size of angle x in each of the following. Give your answer correct to
1 decimal place.
(a) tan x = 0.3 (b) tan x = 0.4 (c) tan x = 0.8
(d) tan x = 1.3 (e) tan x = 1.5 (f) tan x = 2
(g) tan x = 2.5 (h) tan x = 3.3 (i) tan x = 4.5
(j) tan x = 5.8 (k) tan x = 100.4 (l) tan x = 233.5
4. For each of the following triangles, all dimensions are in cm. Find the sine ratio of
the shaded angle. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
(a) (b)
9 x 2
x
3
3
(c) 10 (d) x
14
12
x
11
47
5. Find the value of each of the following. Give your answer correct to 3 decimal
places.
(a) sin 22° (b) sin 76° (c) sin 19.6°
(d) sin 39.2° (e) sin 61.3° (f) sin 85.7°
(g) sin 44.9° (h) sin 50.4° (i) sin 67.1°
(j) sin 79.3° (k) sin 81.2° (l) sin 29.6°
1 decimal place.
(a) sin x = 0.31 (b) sin x = 0.27 (c) sin x = 0.46
(d) sin x = 0.64 (e) sin x = 0.189 (f) sin x = 0.986
(g) sin x = 0.497 (h) sin x = 0.721 (i) sin x = 0.584
(j) sin x = 0.842 (k) sin x = 0.992 (l) sin x = 0.999
7. For each of the following triangles, all dimensions are in cm. Find the cosine ratio
of the shaded angle. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
(a) (b)
4
6 x
x 14
9
(c) 12 (d)
x
3
x 8
9
8. Find the value of each of the following. Give your answer correct to 3 decimal
places.
(a) cos 29° (b) cos 48° (c) cos30°
(d) cos 69° (e) cos 80.2° (f) cos 54.7°
(g) cos 79.3° (h) cos 35.5° (i) cos 43.8°
(j) cos 56.2° (k) cos 61.2° (l) cos 83.8°
1 decimal place.
(a) cos x = 0.33 (b) cos x = 0.26 (c) cos x = 0.51
(d) cos x = 0.37 (e) cos x = 0.016 (f) cos x = 0.998
(g) cos x = 0.305 (h) cos x = 0.816 (i) cos x = 0.538
(j) cos x = 0.276 (k) cos x = 0.171 (l) cos x = 0.662
48
10. Write expressions for

α
sin α , cos α , tanα b
c
and
sin β , cos β , tanβ β
a
in terms of a, b and c. What do you notice
about the results?
4.5 Finding Lengths in Right Angled

Triangles
1. In each of the following find the length of y, giving your answer correct to
2 decimal places.
(a) (b)
9 cm y
y
43˚
70˚
16.6 cm
(c) 57˚ (d)

55 cm
y 64.4˚
4 cm
(e) (f)
28˚
36.2˚
y
y
300 cm
21 cm
8m
2. One end of a pole, 8 metres long, reaches a
Pole
corner of the ceiling of a room. If the angle
made by the pole with the horizontal is 35° ,
35˚
what is the height of the ceiling? Give your
answer correct to 2 significant figures.
49
3. The length of the shadow of a vertical pole

is 3.42 metres long when the rays of the sun Sun's rays
are inclined at an angle of 40.5° to the
horizontal. What is the height of the pole?
Give your answer correct to 2 decimal
places. Pole
40.5˚
3.42 m
shadow
4. The diagram shows two banks of a river

which are at different levels. Points P and Q P
are on opposite sides of the river such that a
rope attached from P to Q makes an angle of 70 m
22° to the horizontal. If PQ = 70 m ,
calculate Bank
Q 22˚
(a) the width of the river, River
Bank
(b) the difference in heights of the two
banks.
Give your answers correct to the nearest
metre.
5. A path, 750 metres long, runs straight up the

Path
slope of a hill. If the angle made by the path 750 m
with the horizontal is 16° , find the height of
the point at the top end of the path. Give 16˚
your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
6. A ladder is placed on horizontal ground with

its foot 2 metres from a vertical wall. If the
ladder makes an angle of 50° with the
ground, find Wall
(a) the length of the ladder,
(b) how far up the wall it reaches.
50˚
Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place.
2m
7. One end of a rope of length 45 metres is tied

to a point on the ground and the other end to
the top of an antenna. When the rope is taut, 45 m
its inclination to the horizontal is 48° . Find,
correct to 3 significant figures, the distance
of the top of the antenna from the ground.
48˚
50
8. A wire 18 metres long runs from the top of a

pole to the ground as shown in the diagram.
The wire makes an angle of 35° with the 18 m
ground.
Calculate the height of the pole. 35˚
Give your answer to a reasonable degree of
accuracy.
(NEAB)
4.6 Finding Angles in Right Angled Triangles

1. In each of the following find angle x, giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place.
(a) (b) 34 cm
12 cm
x
5 cm
30 cm
3.4 cm
(c) x (d) x
10 cm
15 cm
5.2 cm
(e) (f)
40 cm
x 18.6 cm
x
52 cm
27.8
2. The diagram shows a roofing frame ABCD.

AB = 7 m, BC = 5 m, DB = 3 m , angle ABD = angle DBC = 90° .
3m
A C
7m B 5m
(a) Calculate the length of AD.

(b) Calculate the size of angle DCB.
(MEG)
51
3. From the top of a building a man sights a Man

pedestrian on the street below at a distance
of 48 metres away. The pedestrian is
34.5 metres away from the foot of the
building. Find the angle of depression of the 48 m
pedestrian from the man, correct to the
nearest degree.
Pedestrian
34.5 m
4. Find all unknown angles and lengths for each triangle. Give your answers correct
to the nearest cm or degree.
D
(a) B (b) 13 cm
8 cm
F
A 4 cm
C
26 cm
E
G L
33 cm
(c) (d)
I 2.8 cm
24 cm J K
7.5 cm
H
52
5 Probability
5.1 Probabilities
1. Describe the probability of the following events happening, using the terms
Certain
Very likely
Possible
Very unlikely
Impossible
(a) The next Prime Minister will be Sir Cliff Richard.

(b) It will rain tomorrow.
(c) England will win the next Football European Cup.
(d) You will be late for school tomorrow.
(e) You will have a cold next winter.
(f) You will get maths homework tonight
(g) You will get full marks in your next maths test.
2. If I toss a fair coin 50 times, how many times would you expect to get heads?
3. If I throw a fair die 60 times, how many times would you expect to get
(a) 6
(b) 1
(c) an even number?
5.2 Simple Probability

1
1. The probability that you will be late for school is .
10
What is the probability of not being late?
1
2. With a fair die, the probability of throwing a 6 is .
6
What is the probability of not throwing a 6?
2
3. The probability of it raining tomorrow is .
5
(a) What is the probability of it not raining tomorrow?
(b) Is it more likely to rain or not to rain?
53
4. The probability of a 'white' Christmas is 0.05.

What is the probability of it not being a 'white' Christmas?
5. The probability of Exeter City football team coming last in Division 3 next year is
estimated as 0.2.
What is the probability of Exeter City not coming last?
6. The probability of Newcastle United football team beating Manchester United is

estimated as 0.3. The probability of Manchester United beating Newcastle United
is 0.4. Why do these two probabilities not add up to 1?
7. 'The probability that Nottingham Forest will win the F.A. Cup is 1.2.'
'The probability that Birmingham City will win the F.A. Cup is –0.5.'
Explain why the value of probability in each of these statements is not possible.
(NEAB)
5.3 Outcome of Two Events

1. A coin is tossed, and a die is thrown. List all the possible outcomes.
2. A die is thrown twice. Copy the diagram below which shows all the possible
outcomes.
4
2nd
throw
3
1 2 3 4 5 6
1st throw
On your diagram, show outcomes which have

(a) the same number on both throws, (b) a total score of 8.
54
3. When this spinner is used, the scores 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

1
are equally likely.
5
(a) For one spin,
3
4
(i) what is the probability of scoring a 2,
(ii) what is the probability of not scoring a 2?
(b) When playing a game the spinner is spun twice and the scores are added to
give a total.
Write down all the different ways of getting a total of 7.
(SEG)
4. The diagram shows a spinner, labelled A.

A
The result shown is Blue.
d
Re
Gree
Spinner A is a fair spinner.
n
(a) What is the probability of not getting Blue
Green with spinner A?
The diagram shows another spinner, labelled B.

B
The result shown is 3.
2
1
Spinner B is weighted (biased).

The probability of getting a 3 is 0.2 and the 3
probability of getting a 1 is 0.1.
(b) What is the probability of getting a 2
with spinner B?
A game is played with the two spinners. They are spun at the same time.
The combined result shown in the diagram is Blue 3.
Gr
2
Red
ee
1
n
Blue 3
(c) Write down the total number of different possible combined results.
(LON)
5. A coin is tossed 4 times. List all the possible outcomes.
55
5.4 Finding Probabilities Using Relative

Frequency
1. Last year it rained on 150 days out of 365.
Estimate the probability of it raining on any one day next year.
How could your estimate be improved?
2. Throw a die 120 times. How many times would you expect to obtain the
number 6?
In an experiment, the following frequencies were obtained.
Number Frequency
1 31
2 15
3 14
4 16
5 15
6 29
Do you think that the die is fair? If not, give an explanation why not and estimate
what you think are the probabilities of obtaining each number.
3. There are 44 students in a group. Each student plays either hockey or tennis but
not both.
Hockey Tennis Total
Girls 8 20
Boys 18 24
Total 44
(a) Complete the table.

(b) A student is chosen at random from the whole group.
Calculate the probability that this student is a girl.
(c) A girl is chosen at random. Calculate the probability that she plays hockey.
(SEG)
4. John recorded the results of his football team's last 24 matches.

W W D L W L W D Key: W Win
D L L W W W L L D Draw
D W L W W L W L L Lose
56
(a) Organise and display this information in a table.
(b) Janet told John that, since there are three possible results of any match, the
1
probability that the next match would be drawn was .
3
(i) Explain why Janet's argument is wrong.
(ii) What might John suggest for the probability of a draw, based on the
past performance of his team?
(c) Julia estimates that the probability that her hockey team will win their next
match is 0.6 and that the probability they will lose is 0.3
What is the probability that her team will draw?
(MEG)
5. The number of serious accidents on a stretch of motorway in each month of one

year are given below.
January 16
February 12
March 9
April 10
May 6
June 5
July 7
August 8
September 6
October 10
November 9
December 12
(a) Estimate the average number of accidents per month over the whole year.
(b) Estimate the probability of an accident happening on any particular day.
Would your estimate change if you know that the particular day is in
January?
5.5 Determining Probabilities

1. In a raffle 200 tickets are sold. Peter buys 40 tickets. What is the probability that
he wins first prize? Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.
(SEG)
57
2. A box contains only blue pencils and red pencils.

6 of the pencils are blue and 5 are red.
A pencil is taken at random from the box.
Write down the probability that
(a) a blue pencil will be taken,
(b) a blue pencil will not be taken.
(LON)
3. A bag contains 8 marbles of which 2 are green, 3 are red and the rest yellow.
A marble is taken out at random.
Find the probability that the marble is
(a) green, (b) not yellow.
4. In an assortment of 36 calculators, 7 have defective switches, 12 have scratched

screens and no calculator has both defects. A calculator is chosen at random for
inspection.
Find the probability that
(a) it has a defective switch, (b) it has no defects.
5. In a raffle, a winning ticket is to be drawn from 200 tickets numbered 1 to 200.

Yusof holds 1 ticket, Yanling holds 9 tickets and Sam holds 4 tickets. What is the
probability of each of them winning the prize?
6. Each letter of the word 'MATHEMATICS' is written on a separate card. The 11

cards are placed face downwards. A card is drawn at random.
What is the probability of picking a card with
(a) the letter C, (b) the letter A,
(c) a vowel, (d) a consonant?
7. One hundred raffle tickets, numbered from 1 to 100 are placed in a drum.
A ticket is taken from the drum at random.
(a) What is the probability that the number on the ticket is a multiple of 5?
(b) What is the probability that the number on the ticket is a square number?
(SEG)
8. Zaheda conducted a probability experiment using a packet of 20 sweets.

She counted the number of sweets of each colour.
Her results are shown in the table.
Red Green Orange
12 3 5
58
Zaheda is going to take one sweet at random from the packet.

Write down the probability
(a) that Zaheda will take a green sweet from the packet,
(b) that the sweet Zaheda takes will not be red.
(LON)
9. The spinner shown is biased. Green
Ye
The probabilities of getting a particular
ll
e
Blu
ow
colour are shown in the table below.
Red
(a) Complete the table to show the probability of getting GREEN.
Colour RED YELLOW BLUE GREEN
Probability 0.4 0.1 0.3
(b) The spinner is spun once.

What is the probability of getting either RED or BLUE?
(c) The spinner is spun 50 times.

Approximately how many times would you expect to get RED?
(NEAB)
10. A bag contains 50 discs numbered 1 to 50. A disc is selected at random.

Find the probability that the number on the disc
(a) is an even number, (b) is an odd number,
(c) has the digit 1.
5.6 Probability of Two Events

1. A fair dice is thrown twice.
(a) What is the probability of obtaining two sixes?
(b) What is the probability of obtaining exactly one six?
2
2. A coin is biased so that the probability that it lands showing heads is . The coin
3
is tossed three times. Find the probability that
(a) no heads are obtained,
(b) more heads than tails are obtained.
59
3. If a coin and a die are tossed together, calculate

(a) the probability of getting a tail with the coin and an even number with the die,
(b) the probability of a head with the coin and a number less than three on the die,
(c) the probability of a head with the coin and a multiple of 3 on the die.
4. A box contains 5 red, 3 yellow and 2 blue discs. Two discs are drawn at random
from the box one after another.
(a) What is the probability that the first disc drawn will be red?
(b) If the first disc drawn is blue and it is not replaced, what is the probability of
drawing a yellow disc on the second draw?
5. Consider the experiment of rolling two dice and noting the two values uppermost.
The score is the sum of these two numbers.
Complete the table of outcomes, as shown below.
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4
3
4
5
6
From your table, deduce the probability that the score:

(a) equals 12,
(b) is less than 12,
(c) equals 7,
(d) is less than 7.
Remember that each of the 36 entries in the table is equally likely.
6. Two bags contain 9 marbles each. In each bag, there are 4 red marbles, 3 white
marbles and 2 green marbles.
(a) One marble is drawn from the first bag. Find the probability that it is white.
(b) One marble is drawn from the second bag. Find the probability that it is
either red or green.
These marbles are then returned to their original bags.

(c) One marble is drawn from each bag. Calculate the probability that the two
marbles are
(i) red,
(ii) of different colours.
60
7. When throwing a dice, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

A particular dice is biased so that the probability of throwing a 6 is 0.25.
(a) What is the probability of not throwing a 6?
(b) The outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have the same probability as each other.
What is the probability of throwing a 4?
(c) The dice is thrown twice.

(i) How many ways are there of reaching a total score of 10?
(ii) What is the probability that the total score is 12?
(MEG)
5.7 Use of Tree Diagrams

1. A fair coin is tossed three times. By drawing a tree diagram, determine the
probability of obtaining
(a) exactly two heads,
(b) at least two heads.
2. George passes three sets of traffic lights on his way to work.

The lights work independently of each other.
The probability that he has to stop at any set of traffic lights is 0.35.
What is the probability that George stops at two or three sets of traffic lights?
(SEG)
3. The faces of a die are marked with the numbers 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6. If the die is rolled
twice what is the probability of getting
(a) a 4 each time,
(b) either a 2 or a 6 each time, or a 2 and a 6?
If the die is rolled three times, what is the probability of getting

(c) a 2 each time,
(d) either a 4 or a 6 each time, or a combination of 4s and 6s?
4. There are two spinners, one marked into equal sections numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and
the second spinner marked into equal sections A, B, C.
Calculate the probability of getting
(a) a 2 and a B,
(b) a 5 and an A,
(c) an even number and an A,
(d) an odd number and either B or C.
61
5. Rob has a bag containing 3 blue balls, 4 red balls and 1 green ball.
Sarah has a bag containing 2 blue balls and 3 red balls.
The balls are identical except for colour.
Rob chooses a ball at random from his bag and Sarah chooses a ball at random
from her bag.
(a) Draw a tree diagram and write the probability of each of the events on each
of the branches of the diagram.
(b) Calculate the probability that both Rob and Sarah will choose a blue ball.
(c) Calculate the probability that the ball chosen by Rob will be a different
colour from the ball chosen by Sarah,
(MEG)
6. A letter has a first class stamp on it.
The probability that it will be delivered on the next working day is 0.86.
(a) What is the probability that the letter will not be delivered on the next
working day?
Sam posts 2 letters with first class stamps.

(b) Copy and complete the tree diagram.
Write all the missing probabilities on the appropriate branches.
First letter Second letter
Delivered next
working day
..........
Delivered next
working day ..........
0.86
.......... Not delivered next
working day
..........
Delivered next
.......... working day
Not delivered next
working day
..........
Not delivered next
working day
(c) Calculate the probability that both letters will be delivered on the next
working day.
(LON)
62
5.8 Multiplication for Independent Events

1. A die is thrown and a coin is tossed. What is the probability of obtaining an even
number on the die and a Head on the coin?
2. Three dice are thrown and their scores are added.

What is the probability of scoring in total
(a) 18 (b) 17 (c) 16?
3
3. A day which is fine has probability of being followed by another fine day.
4
2
A day which is wet has a probability of being followed by another wet day.
3
Given that days are classified either fine or wet, and that June 6th is fine, set out a
tree diagram for June 7th, 8th and 9th.
Calculate the probability that at least two of the three days are fine.
4. On a stretch of main road there are 4 independent sets of traffic lights, each phased
for 120 seconds red, 60 seconds green.
What is the probability that a motorist arriving at random will have to stop at least
once?
5. Four balls are drawn at random, one after the other and without replacement, from
a bag containing
5 Red, 4 White , 8 Blue and 3 Purple balls.
Find the probability that you obtain one ball of each colour.
6. A fair dice is thrown three times.

(a) What is the probability of throwing 3 sixes?
(b) What is the probability of throwing a six on the first throw, a six on the
second throw but not a six on the third throw?
(c) What is the probability of throwing exactly two sixes in the three throws?
(d) What is the probability of throwing at least two sixes in the three throws?
(SEG)
7. The diagrams show two fair spinners. Both spinners are spun and the scores are
added together.
1 1
2 2
4 2
5 5
3 3 1 2
2 5
What is the probability that the sum of the scores is at least 5?

(NEAB)
63
8. Mrs Collins drives to work. On her way to work she has to cross two sets of traffic
lights marked A and B in the diagram. The probability of having to stop at the
traffic lights is shown in the table.
WORK
B A HOME
Traffic Probability of
having to stop
A 0.3
B 0.6
On Monday Mrs Collins drives to work.

(a) What is the probability that she will not have to stop at traffic lights A?
(b) What is the probability that she will not have to stop at either set of traffic
lights?
(c) What is the probability that she will have to stop at only one set of traffic
lights?
(SEG)
9. A car driver has 4 keys, only one of which will open the car door. Given that the
keys are otherwise indistinguishable, find the probability (before he starts trying
them) that the door will open on the first, second, third and fourth attempts.
(a) Consider two cases where
(i) he discards each key which fails to open the door,
(ii) he returns each key to the collection before choosing the next one at
random.
(b) Consider the cumulative probabilities with each strategy. i.e. the probability
that he will have succeeded by the first, second, third and fourth attempts.
10. A company secretary carries out a survey of incoming post to compare the delivery
times of 1st and 2nd class letters. His results are shown below.
Days to deliver 1 2 3 4
1st class letter 92% 7% 1% 0%
2nd class letter 5% 55% 34% 6%
64
Use the information in the table to find the probability of

(a) a 2nd class letter taking more than two days to deliver,
(b) two 1st class letters taking two days to deliver,
(c) a 1st and a 2nd class letter taking the same number of days to deliver.
(SEG)
11. At the village fete, Susan helps on a stall where radios can be won. She makes the
following poster explaining the rules.
6
6 6
6 WIN A RADIO 6
6
Throw 3 dice
Score a total of 18 and the radio is yours!
(a) The first person to try their luck was told that they must throw a six with
each dice to win. Calculate the probability of this person winning the radio.
(b) During the day 648 people tried to win a radio. How many radios would you
expect to be won during the day of the fete?
(SEG)
12. Helen lives in Ilkley. A
She cycles to work in Menston.

B
Peter lives in Menston. Ilkley Menston

He cycles to work in Ilkley. C
Ilkley and Menston are connected by four
roads, A, B, C and D.
D
(a) Make a list of all the possible combinations of roads which they can take to
go to work.
Write them in pairs with the road Helen takes written down first.
For example, A, C means that Helen goes along road A, and Peter goes along
road C.
(b) Each day, Helen chooses the road she takes to go to work at random. So too
does Peter. All four roads are equally likely to be chosen.
Calculate the probability that on any given day both of them will go to work
on the same road.
(NEAB)
65
13.
START 1 2 3
8 7 5
9 11 12
16 15 14 13
'SWEET SIXTEEN' is a game for any number of players. To play the game,
players take it in turns to throw a fair die and then move their counter the number
of places shown uppermost on the die. If a player lands on one of the shaded
squares the player must start again. The first player to land on a square 16 is the
winner. If a player would move past square 16 on a throw, the player is not
allowed to move and misses that turn.
(a) What is the probability that a player lands on a shaded square on the first
throw?
(b) A player moves to square 3 on the first throw. What is the probability that
the player lands on a shaded square on the second throw?
(c) (i) A player is on square 12 after three turns. Write, in the order thrown,
three scores the player could have had.
(ii) In how many different ways could a player have reached square 12
with three throws? Show working to support your answer.
(d) (i) What is the minimum number of turns necessary to complete the
game?
(ii) What is the probability of this happening?
(SEG)
5.9 Mutually Exclusive Events

1. A man throws a die and a coin. Find the probability that he will get
(a) the number 3 followed by a head,
(b) an even number followed by a tail.
2. In an experiment, a card is drawn from a pack of playing cards and a coin is tossed.
Find the probability of obtaining
(a) a card which is a king and a head on the coin,
(b) the ace of diamonds and a tail on the coin.
66
3. In an experiment consisting of throwing a die followed by drawing a card from a

pack of playing cards, find the probability of obtaining
(a) an odd number on the die and a card which is an ace,
(b) a six on the die and a picture card,
(c) a six on the die and a club.
1 2
4. In a certain class, of the pupils read the local newspaper and watch the local
3 3
news on television. None of these pupils read the local newspaper and also watch
the local news on television. What is the probability that a pupil chosen at random
reads the local newspaper or watch television?
5. In an inter-school mathematics quiz, the probability of school A winning the

1 1
competition is , the probability of school B winning is and the probability of
2 6
1
school C winning is .
10
Find the probability that
(a) B or C wins the competition,
(b) A, B or C wins the competition,
(c) none of these wins the competition.
6. A box contains buttons of various colours. The probability of drawing a red button
1 2
at random is and the probability of drawing a white button at random in .
5 7
What is the probability of drawing neither a red nor a white button?
7. A box contains eight marbles: 1 is red, 2 are blue and 5 are green,
One marble is drawn at random from the box. A second marble is drawn at
random from the remaining seven marbles in the box.
(a) Find the probability that both marbles are green.
(b) If the first marble is red, find the probability that the second marble is blue.
8. Nine slips of paper are numbered 1 to 9. A slip is drawn at random. This is

replaced before a second slip is drawn. Find the probability that one is an odd
number and the other is an even number.
67
6 Number System
6.1 Decimals
1. Write each of the following as a decimal.
7 27 2 401
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 100 10 1000
15 15 43 999
(e) (f) (g) (h)
100 1000 100 1000
2. Write each of the following as a fraction.

(a) 0.6 (b) 0.37 (c) 0.07 (d) 0.219
(e) 0.001 (f) 0.999 (g) 0.093 (h) 0.55
3. Read the value indicated by each pointer
(a) (b)
6 7 0 1
(c) (d)
0.5 0.6 3.2 3.3
(e) (f)
10.5 10.6 4.7 4.8
4. Copy each scale three times and indicate with a pointer each of the numbers given.
(a) (b)
4.5 4.6 0.7 0.8
(i) 4.52 (i) 0.75

(ii) 4.57 (ii) 0.79
(iii) 4.555 (iii) 0.705
5. Calculate
(a) 4.2 − 3.1 (b) 5.6 + 2.7 (c) 7.4 + 9.7
(d) 21.3 + 32.4 (e) 46.5 + 21.6 (f) 39.8 + 38.9
(g) 27.3 + 62.4 + 10.3 (h) 4.2 − 3.1 (i) 5.6 − 2.4
(j) 9.2 − 7.4 (k) 8.3 − 2.5 (l) 25.6 − 12.2
(m) 47.7 − 24.5 (n) 86.4 − 37.5 (o) 73.2 − 45.6
(p) 5.22 + 3.45 (q) 3.65 + 4.17 (r) 4.37 + 2.75
(s) 21.42 + 37.23 (t) 74.56 + 19.58
68
6. (a) Convert the following amounts in pence to £s.

(i) 57 p (ii) 214 p (iii) 7002 p (iv) 47631 p
(b) Convert the following amounts in £s to pence.

(i) £2.99 (ii) £0.07 (iii) £521 (iv) £345.27
7. Find a decimal number between

(a) 4.5 and 4.6 (b) 0.49 and 0.50 (c) 12.2 and 12.3
(d) 75.37 and 75.38
8. Put these decimal numbers in ascending order.

1.47, 1.4, 1.7, 1.471, 1.444, 1.4747
9. Felix has 8.5 m of model railway track and Gerry has 6.6 m.
(a) What is the total length of their track?
(b) They sell 4.7 m of the total length of their track. What length of track is left?
(SEG)
10. The Robinson family (2 adults and 2 children) are members of Parkmead Leisure
Centre.
SWIMMING PRICES
Members Non-Members
Adults £1.50 £2.00
Children £1.20 £1.50
(a) How much in total do the Robinson family have to pay for a swim?
(b) How much less do the Robinson family pay as members for a swim, than
they would if they were non-members?
(c) A family ticket for membership costs £25.
What is the minimum number of times that the Robinson family would have
to go swimming if they were to save money on their family ticket?
(SEG)
11. Fatima is making a shelf unit as shown.
She needs three pieces of wood, each of

0.9 m
length 1.4 m, for the shelves.
She needs two pieces of wood, each of
length 0.9 m, for the ends.
1.4 m
The wood is sold only in 3 m lengths.
Calculate how many 3 m lengths Fatima needs to buy.
(SEG)
69
12. A sports shop keeps information about sports shoes on a database.

Part of this database is shown below.
Model Manufacturer Cost
Flyer Tiger £39.99

Racer Cheetah £37.29
Runner Cheetah £35.99
Strider Tiger £48.99
Blinder Lion £33.49
Sprinter Leopard £49.99
(a) Write down the name of the manufacturer of the cheapest shoe.
(b) How much dearer is the Strider than the Racer?
(LON)
13. Six girls competed in the long jump at their school Sports Day. Their best jumps
were as follows.
Anne 6.08 m Donna 6.12 m

Beth 5.93 m Emma 5.98 m
Candy 5.87 m Fatima 5.98 m
(a) Fatima finished in second place.

Write down a possible length for Fatima's jump.
(b) Arrange the six competitors in order of merit.
(c) Write down the length of Anne's jump in centimetres.
(MEG)
6.2 Multiplying and Dividing with Decimals

1. Without using a calculator, find
(a) 2.5 ÷ 10 (b) 4.57 × 100 (c) 2.13 × 10
(d) 9.5 × 1000 (e) 15.241 × 100 (f) 0.57 × 10
(g) 92 × 100 (h) 7.93 × 1000 (i) 2.114 × 100
(j) 0.221 × 100 (k) 0.0049 × 1000 (l) 0.078 × 100

(a) 2.47 ÷ 10 (b) 22.5 ÷ 10 (c) 476.9 ÷ 100
(d) 0.01 ÷ 10 (e) 100.2 ÷ 100 (f) 99 ÷ 100
(g) 526.4 ÷ 100 (h) 9748 ÷ 1000 (i) 9748 ÷ 100
(j) 27.49 ÷ 100 (k) 0.109 ÷ 100 (l) 4000 ÷ 10 000
70
3. The Williamson family went into a café. The table shows what they ordered.
Cost
£ . p
Three cans of cola at 63 pence each 1 . 89
Two cups of tea at 54 pence each
Five buns at 32 pence each
Total cost
(a) Copy and complete the table.
Mr. Williamson paid the bill with a £10 note.

(b) How much change did he get?
(LON)
4.
ES
ORAN
GES ANG
OR
£1
15 for
£1.20 0 for
1
These notices were seen on two market stalls.

At which stall was the price of one orange cheaper and by how much?
(MEG)
5. Fencing rails are 3.9 metres long.
3.9 m
How many rails are needed for a fence 200 metres long?
(SEG)
6. Tom earns a basic weekly wage of £180 for 36 hours work.

(a) How much does Tom earn for one hour at the basic rate?
(b) Overtime pay is one and a half times the basic rate.
How much is Tom paid for one hour of overtime?
(c) Overtime is paid for each hour over the basic 36 hours.
How much does Tom earn if he works 43 hours in one week?
(SEG)
71
7. Jane's classroom is rectangular.

She measures the length and width of the floor.
The length is 6.73 m. The width is 5.62 m.
(a) Calculate the area of the classroom floor.

Write down all the figures in the answer shown on your calculator.
(b) (i) The classroom is to be carpeted.
Give your answer to part (a) to an appropriate degree of accuracy.
(ii) Explain why you chose this degree of accuracy.
(SEG)
6.3 Fractions and Decimals

1. Write each of the following correct to 1 decimal place.
(a) 3.14 (b) 5.67 (c) 385.28 (d) 9.942
(e) 8.01 (f) 145.97 (g) 0.521 (h) 0.062
2. Write each of the following correct to 2 decimal places.

(a) 0.089 (b) 6.315 (c) 0.802 (d) 12.989
(e) 4.999 (f) 0.007 (g) 1.002 (h) 52.436
3. Write all the numbers in Question 1, correct to

(i) 2 significant figures (ii) 1 significant figure.
4. Write each of the following as exact decimal equivalents.

3 1 4 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 4 5 8
1 3 1 5
(e) (f) (g) (h)
5 4 8 8
5. Write each of the following as decimals, correct to 3 decimal places.

2 1 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 7 11
2 1 5 1
(e) (f) (g) (h)
9 3 6 7
72
6. Copy and complete the table below, putting on the equivalent fractions, decimals
and percentages.
Proportion Fraction Decimal Percentage
1
one tenth
10
25%
0.3
three eighths
1
2
0.625
three quarters
4
5
6.4 Long Multiplication and Division

(a) 21 × 17 (b) 32 × 14 (c) 26 × 33
(d) 31 × 104 (e) 47 × 25 (f) 72 × 214
(g) 17 × 1147 (h) 312 × 274 (i) 45 × 940

(a) 504 ÷ 4 (b) 120 ÷ 20 (c) 1008 ÷ 8
(d) 414 ÷ 23 (e) 496 ÷ 32 (f) 756 ÷ 21
(g) 7525 ÷ 35 (h) 1323 ÷ 49 (i) 24 849 ÷ 99
3. A Maths teacher buys 92 text books, costing £3.85 each.

Without using a calculator, work out the exact total cost.
(MEG)
73
4. A group of 24 teachers wins £2.7 milion on the National Lottery.

Without using a calculator, find out how much each gets in £s if the money is
shared equally.
5. 17 tickets cost £21.25. If they all cost the same, find, without using a calculator,
the cost of one ticket.
6.5 Estimating Answers

1. Express each of the following correct to 3 significant figures:
(a) 96.63 (b) 316.5 (c) 1.940 5
(d) 0.004 681 (e) 50.92 (f) 0.000 604 8
(g) 0.040 713 (h) 5.984 (i) 26.98
2. Write each of the following correct to the number of significant figures (s.f.)
indicated.
(a) 308.637 (4 s.f.) (b) 0.099 8 (1 s.f.)
(c) 420.65 (3 s.f.) (d) 0.004 307 (2 s.f.)
3. Write 13.004 72 correct to

(a) 5 s.f. (b) 4 s.f. (c) 2 s.f.
4. Nigel, Ali and Sue were given ten calculations to do.

The following table shows their answers. For each calculation, only one of the
three obtained the correct answer. By working out an estimate for each question,
decide who was correct in each calculation.
Question Nigel's answer Ali's answer Sue's answer

(a) 1.02 × 2.9 12.928 2.958 6.438
(b) 0.99 × 46.7 46.233 32.136 25.633
(c) 4.8 × 10.4 26.32 49.92 89.42
(d) 33.264 ÷ 13.2 8.42 12.62 2.52
(e) 35.244 ÷ 8.01 4.4 1.4 12.4
(f) 7.1 × 7.1 50.41 5.41 36.01
(g) 27.028 ÷ 4.66 2.68 11.08 5.8
(h) 76.16 ÷ 47.6 1.6 8.6 12.2
(i) 12.7 × 8.5 50.85 107.95 204.75
(j) 8.342 ÷ 0.97 2.7 16.16 8.6
74
5. Without finding an exact answer:
(a) which of the following is nearest in value to 6.96 + 7.21 + 7.1 + 6.82 ?
21.7, 28.09, 90.73 or 21.826
(b) which of the following is nearest in value to 3.14 × 300 − 34.3 ?

57, 87, 870 or 570
(c) which of the following is nearest in value to 9× 7 + 10 × 14 ?

148, 67, 14.8 or 6.7
6. Estimate, correct to 1 significant figure, the value of 2.01 × 29.2 .
7. Express each number correct to 1 significant figure and work out an estimate to
19.7 × 9.75
.
12.4
19.7 × 9.75
Use your calculator to evaluate correct to 2 significant figures.
12.4
8. (a) Bottles of mineral water cost 39 p each. Estimate the cost of 142 bottles.
Show how you obtained your estimate.
(b) Without using a calculator, work out the exact cost of 142 bottles of mineral
water at 39 p each.
(MEG)
9. Charlie has to work out 5.2 × 3.9 × 2.1. He uses a calculator and gets 425.88 for
his answer.
Saeeda works out an approximate answer for the question. She knows that
Charlie's answer must be wrong.
(a) (i) Write down approximate values for 5.2, 3.9 and 2.1.
(ii) Use these approximations to find a rough answer to Charlie's
calculation.
(b) What is the mistake in Charlie's answer?
(SEG)
75
10. The rectangular glass tank shown in the diagram contains 1 litre (1000 cm3 of
water.
Not to scale
d cm
11.63 cm 9.21 cm
Sanjay wanted to find the depth (d cm) of the water.

He multiplied 11.63 by 9.21 on his calculator and wrote down the answer.
He then divided 1000 by this answer.
(a) Explain how you could use your calculator to find the depth without
writing down the answer to 11.63 × 9.21 .
(b) Work out the depth of the water, and write down all the figures on your
calculator display.
(MEG)
6.6 Using Brackets and Memory on a

Calculator
1. Use a calculator to evaluate each of the following:
(a) 480 − 96 + 15 (b) 4 059 ÷ 1353 × 11
(c) 533 + 118 − 227 (d) (251 + 696) × 15
(e) (1283 − 694) ÷ (12 + 19)
(f) 241 × (270 − 121) ÷ (129 + 112)
(g) 77175 ÷ [(17 + 18) × (78 − 57)]
(h) [33350 ÷ (290 × 115) + 798] ÷ (869 − 70)
2. For each of the following expressions,
(a) evaluate, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places;
(b) express each number correct to the nearest whole number and give an
estimate to check your calculations.
(i) 4.6 + 3.9 × 2.2 (ii) (4.6 + 3.9) × 2.2

(iii) 3.3 × 25 × 0.612 5 (iv) 4.2 × 0.8 − 1.6 × 1.2
1.1 × 12
(v)
1.82 × 3.1
(vi) ( )
9.4 + 3.6 2 ÷ 1.9
76
3. (a) Use your calculator to work out the value of
6.08 × (9.72)
2
581 + 237
Write down the full calculator display.
(b) (i) Write down a calculation that could be done mentally to check the
answer to part (a) using numbers rounded to one significant figure.
(ii) Write down the answer to your calculation in part (b) (i).
(MEG)
4. Work out:
78 × 14
(a) 0.6 × 2.5 (b) (c) 7 2 − 52 .
112 − 86
(MEG)
5. Gabriel buys a packet of 18 biscuits. The packet weighs 285 g.

(a) Gabriel wants to calculate the weight of one of these biscuits.
He presses the following buttons on his calculator.
1 8 ÷ 2 8 5 =
Explain what is wrong with his calculation.

(b) Calculate the weight of one of these biscuits. Give your answer to the
nearest gram.
(c) Gabriel checks his answer without using a calculator.
Show how you can use approximation to check that his answer is of the right
order. You must show all your working.
(SEG)
6.7 Upper and Lower Bounds

1. Write down the upper and lower bounds for each of the following measurements.
(a) 56 g (b) 43.0 litres (c) 2.35 metres
(d) 5.6 km (e) 17.8 metres (f) 8.54 kg
(g) 17.2 seconds (h) 0.5 mm (i) 1.9 cm
2. Find the upper and lower bounds for each of the calculations shown below,
assuming the dimensions given are subject to rounding errors.
(a) The perimeter of a rectangle 65 cm by 84 cm.
(b) The area of a rectangle 65 cm by 84 cm.
(c) The perimeter of an octagon of side 42 mm.
(d) The volume of a cube of edge length 96 mm.
(e) The total weight of 54 objects, each weighing 2.62 kg.
77
3. (a) Angela measures the lengths of some sticks to the nearest centimetre.
She arranges them in groups.
The length of the sticks in the shortest group is 14 cm, to the nearest
centimetre.
(i) What is the smallest possible length for a stick in this group?
(ii) What is the smallest possible length for a stick which is not in this
group?
(b) Angela measures the lengths of some other sticks. She records the length of
one of these sticks as 52.2 cm, to the nearest tenth of a centimetre.
What is the smallest possible length of this stick?
4. Sections of a railway line are measured to the nearest metre as either 200 m or 80 m.
What are the bounds on the total length of 15 sections, consisting of eight 200 m
sections and seven 80 m sections?
5. The area of a rectangle is 54.4 square centimetres, correct to 1 decimal place.

The length of this rectangle is 8.3 centimetres, correct to 1 decimal place.
(a) From this information, write down
(i) the largest value (ii) the smallest value
that the length of the rectangle could have.
(b) Use your answers in (a) to calculate the largest possible width of the
rectangle.
(NEAB)
F
6. The formula S = is used in engineering.
A
F = 819 , correct to 3 significant figures
A = 2.93 , correct to 3 significant figures.
(a) For the value of F, write down

(i) the upper bound (ii) the lower bound.
(b) For the value of A, write down
(i) the upper bound (ii) the lower bound.
(c) Calculate
(i) the upper bound (ii) the lower bound
for the value of S for these values of F and A. Write down all the figures on
your calculator display.
(d) Write down this value of S correct to an appropriate number of significant
figures.
(LON)
78
MEP Practice Book SA4–6
UNITS 4 – 6
Miscellaneous Exercises
Notes
Starred* questions are for Academic Route only.
Diagrams are not drawn to scale.
1. This diagram is part of a map showing the position of three Nigerian towns.
Kaduna is due north of Aba.
(a) Calculate the direct distance between Lagos and Kaduna.
Give your answer to the nearest kilometre.
Kaduna
(b) Calculate the distance between Kaduna and Aba.
Give your answer to the nearest kilometre.
(LON)
440 km
440 km
Lagos
20˚
2. On this island, Port A is due north of Port B. Aba
A ship leaves Port B and travels on a bearing of 060° for 50 km.

The ship is now due east of Port A at point C.
Calculate the distance from Port A to point C. N
A C
50 km
B
(LON)
79
3. A ship sails on a two stage journey from A to B to C. N
The first stage of the journey from A to B is shown.

A to B is a journey of 90 km on a bearing of 032° . B
(a) Calculate the distance travelled east
during the first stage of this journey.
90 km
The second stage of the journey from B to C 32˚
is a distance 150 km on a bearing of 090° . A
90˚ 150 km
B C
90 km
32˚
(b) Find the total distance travelled east on the journey from A to C.
Hence calculate the bearing of C from A.
(SEG)
4. The table shows the results of a survey in a class.
Eye colour Boys Girls
Blue eyes 5 8
Green eyes 1 2
Brown eyes 19 12
(a) What is the probability that one of the girls has blue eyes?
(b) What is the probability that one of the students has brown eyes?
(SEG)
5. Alistair has a fair spinner with five equal sectors.

The spinner has three red sectors and two blue sectors.
BL
(a) He spins it once. D

RE
UE
What is the probability that it lands on red?

BLUE
RE
(b) He spins it twice.

D
List all the possible outcomes. RED

(c) The probability that both spins land on red is 0.36.
What is the probability that both spins do not land on red?
(SEG)
80
6.
Probability Scale
0 Yellow Red Blue 1
In a game you spin an arrow. The arrow stops on one of sixteen equal sectors of a
circle. Each sector of the circle is coloured. The probability scale shows how
likely it should be for the arrow to stop on any one colour.
Copy and shade these circles to show how many sectors should be
(a) coloured red, (b) coloured blue.
(LON)
7. A game in an amusement arcade can show the following pictures.

The fraction under each picture shows the probability of the picture being shown at
the first window.
Cherry Bar Banana Strawberry Apple
BAR
4 1 2 2 3
12 12 12 12 12
Calculate the probability of the game

(a) not showing a Bar at the first window,
(b) showing a cherry or an apple at the first window.
(LON)
81
* 8. Peter and Asif are both taking their driving test for a motor cycle for the first time.
The table below gives the probabilities that they will pass the test at the first
attempt.
Probability of passing
at first attempt
Peter 0.6
Asif 0.7
(a) Write down the probability that Asif will pass the test at the first attempt.
(b) Work out the probability that Peter will fail the test at the first attempt.
(c) Explain clearly why Asif is more likely to pass the test at the first attempt
than he is to fail at the first attempt.
On a particular day 1000 people will take the test for the first time.
For each person the probability that they will pass the test at the first attempt is the
same as the probability that Asif will pass the test at the first attempt.
(d) Work out an estimate for how many of these 1000 people are likely to pass
the test at the first attempt.
(e) Calculate the probability that both Peter and Asif will pass the test at the first
attempt.
(f) Calculate the probability that Peter will pass the test at the first attempt and
Asif will fail the test at the first attempt.
(LON)
9. Tickets for a concert cost £3 each.

Ramana has £17.
Work out the greatest number of tickets that Ramana can buy.
(LON)
10. Tickets for a football match cost £4.70 each.

(a) How much will 100 tickets cost?
Children can buy tickets at half price.

Mr and Mrs Smith and their two children buy tickets.
(b) Work out the total cost of the tickets.
(LON)
82
11. Miss Phillips is organising a trip to London to see the musical 'Cats'.
195 people decide to go on the trip.
For every 16 tickets that she pays for Miss Phillips is given a free seat.
(a) Without using a calculator and showing all your working, work out how
many free seats Miss Phillips will be allowed.
Miss Phillips charges each person £27 to cover the cost of the tickets and the
coach fare.
(b) Work out the total amount of money that should be collected.
The total cost of the trip was £5000.

(c) Work out the profit that Miss Phillips will make on the trip.
(d) Express the profit as a percentage of the total cost of the trip.
(LON)
12. The summit of Mount Everest is at a height of 29 078 feet.

(a) A climber is at a height of 28 198 feet.
Without using a calculator, calculate how far he is below the summit.
(b) What is the height of Mount Everest to the nearest ten feet?
(c) In a newspaper report the height of Mount Everest is given as 30 3000 feet.
To what accuracy has the height been given?
(SEG)
13. In this question you must use your calculator and you may write down any stage in
your calculation.
Evaluate
(23.4 + 35.6) × 5.7
200.3 × (16.2 − 8.15)
(LON)
* 14. The diameter of an atom is 0.000 000 03 m.

(a) Write 0.000 000 03 in standard form.
Using the most powerful microscope, the smallest objects which can be seen have
diameters which are one hundredth of the diameter of an atom.
(b) Calculate the diameter, in metres, of the smallest objects which can be seen
using this microscope.
(LON)
83
15. (a) Calculate the value of 2 × 59 .
28.3 + 0.512
(b) (i) Calculate
(18.9 − 2.75)2
(ii) Paul gives his answer to (i) correct to 5 significant figures.
Give one reason why this is not an appropriate degree of accuracy.
(SEG)
16. (a) Use the formula v = u 2 + 2 as to find the value of v when u = 24,
1
a = − 9.8 and s = 10 .
4
(b) Without using a calculator, use approximation to check that your answer to
(a) is of the correct order of magnitude.
(SEG)
* 17. The winner of a 100 m running race is times at 11.2 seconds by a hand-held
stopwatch and 11.20 seconds by an electronic timing device. Explain, with
appropriate working, why these timings are different.
(SEG)
* 18. The volume of a square-based block is given by V = a 2 h .

(a) In an experiment, the length a, and height, h,
are measured as 4 cm and 11 cm respectively, a
each measured to the nearest cm.
What are the maximum and minimum possible a
vales of V in cm3? h
(b) In another experiment, the volume of the block is found to be 350 cm3,
measured to the nearest 50 cm3, and its height is measured as 13.5 cm, to the
nearest 0.5 cm.
(i) What are the maximum and minimum possible values of the length,
a, in centimetres?
(ii) How many significant figures should be used to give a reliable
answer for the value of a?
(SEG)
84

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m e p Mathematics Enhancement Programme

Mathematics Enhancement Programme

Design by Clinton Banbury

Standard form A × 10 n where 1 ≤ A < 10 , n an integer. 

Unit 3 The sum of interior angles in a triangle is 180° . 

Unit 4 Pythagoras' Theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 

Unit 5 Sum of all probabilities = 1. 

If events A and B are mutually exclusive, 

Unit 6 Multiplying by 10 moves the decimal point one to the right. 

2. Calculate the following mentally:

3. Simplify the following expressions without using a calculator.

(a) 37 + (5 × 6) (b) (7 × 7) − 28 (c) 96 − (12 × 5)

(d) 9 × (3 + 5) (e) (15 + 6) × 9 (f) 7 × (69 − 65)

(g) (48 ÷ 6) + 12 (h) 4 + (78 ÷ 6) (i) (72 ÷ 8) − 5

4. Pens cost 12 p each. How much will 8 pens cost?

6. A chocolate bar has 5 rows with 4 chunks in each row.

8. A syndicate of 7 teachers won £63 on the national lottery.

11. You need to divide a class of 35 pupils into five-a-side teams.

15. Look at these numbers.

1.2 Squares, Cubes, Square Roots and

(a) 53 (b) 24 (c) 33

2. Find, without using a calculator:

(j) 64 (k) 121 (l) 25

3. Calculate, with or without a calculator,

(a) 2 3 − 32 (b) 42 − 2 4 (c) 53 + 5 2

(d) 12 + 2 2 (e) 12 + 2 2 + 32 (f) 9 2 − 72

(g) 4 + 9 (h) 36 ÷ 4 (i) 3

(j) 100 + 25 (k) 400 ÷ 3

4. Find the next 5 terms in the sequence.

1.3 Index Notation

2. Find the value of the following:

(a) 72 (b) 33 (c) 35

3. Simplify each of the following, leaving your answer in index notation.

(a) 27 × 25 (b) 3 2 × 3 4 × 36 (c) 52 × 52 × 52

(d) 43 × 4 7 (e) 7 2 × 7 4 × 73 (f) 21 × 25 × 22 × 21

(g) 2 3 × 2 3 × 51 × 53 (h) 32 × 33 × 4 5 × 4 2 × 31 (i) 52 × 5 4 × 5 7

4. Simplify each of the following, leaving your answer in index notation.

(a) 34 ÷ 33 (b) 75 ÷ 72 (c) (2 3

6. Fill in the missing numbers.

7. Simplify the following expressions, leaving your answers in index notation.

(a) a 4 × a3 (b) x5 ÷ x2 (c) (b 4

(d) a 4 ÷ a3 (e) x4 × x5 (f) (x 4

8. (a) Fill in the missing number.

(b) 210 is approximately equal to 1000.

2. Which of the following numbers are divisible by 3, 9 or 11?

3. List all factors of these numbers.

4. Copy and fill in the missing factors in each of the following.

5. Copy and complete the following factor trees.

1.5 Prime Factors

3. Express the following numbers as products of prime numbers.

4. Find the highest common factor of the following.

6. (a) Express the following numbers as products of their prime factors.

1.7 Standard Form

2. Express the following in ordinary notation.

(a) 3.2 × 10 2 (b) 4.67 × 10 3 (c) 1.30 × 10 1

(d) 5.632 × 10 6 (e) 6.72 × 10 4 (f) 12.4 × 10 3

(g) 3.612 × 10 − 2 (h) 1.47 × 10 − 1 (i) 65.3 × 10 2

(j) 7.124 × 10 − 3 (k) 65.3 × 10 − 4 (l) 1.34 × 10 − 5

(m) 325 × 10 − 7 (n) 6.183 × 10 − 2 (o) 99.9 × 10 5

(p) 2.75 × 10 8 (q) 2.75 × 10 − 3 (r) 4.216 × 10 − 2

3. State whether or not the following numbers are in standard form.

(a) 2.157 × 10 − 1 (b) 42.76 × 10 2 (c) 5.672 × 10 − 5

(d) 0.782 × 10 − 3 (e) 516 × 10 − 2 (f) 2.17 × 10 2

(g) 82.71 × 10 − 1 (h) 0.01 × 10 − 2 (i) 8.9 × 10 0

5. The population of the UK is estimated as 58 700 000.

6. The speed of light is approximately 300 000 km/s.

7. The population of Singapore in a given year was 2.5 × 10 6 .