Crusading Warfare

Exploring the Military History of the Crusades

William James Hamblin
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Blue boxes contain references
to, or quotations from
primary sources

Gold boxes contain

references to secondary
sources.

White boxes are summaries

of primary sources.
Color coded
Green text boxes contain my
analysis, notes, commentary,
and explanations.
text boxes
Brown text boxes provide
place and location names, and
other geographical
information
 Boundaries
Major States
Secondary States
Minor Principalities
Tribal Confederations
Note: Boundaries lines are often hypothetical.
They also usually represent zones of influence
rather than boundaries as understood today.
 1/11/ Siege of Antioch
4b- Investment of Antioch
1097 October 20-21
0 50 100 150 k Varna
Strategic Situation: Siege of Antioch 1097/10
Ardas a
Preslav Sinope Kur
B Primary Sources: Siege of Antioch
Georgia
Adrianople Anthologies (David IV)
Gabrielli AHC {1089-1125}
Krey FCA §4
Constantinople Peters FCC §7
Rodosto Trebizond
B Rubenstein, FCD §5
Tyerman is
Nicomedia ps CFC §5

ios
am

gar
Civetot Ir is Western
Saltuqids
Ac

San
Albert 3.36-4.26
(Saltuq) Aras
Yesil o r u h
s
Danishmendids i rmak C Caffaro —
{1090?-1102}
ra
ni cu Cyzicus Nicaea Rum Seljuqs Mengujekids
Canso —
Theodosopolis
Abydos G (Danishmend Ghazi) (Mengujek) Teleboas
Elkhan Sank (Qilich
arya 1 Arslan) {1090?-1118} Ekkehard —

dacus

u)
{1085?-1104}

S
{1092-1107} Sebastia Fulcher 1.15-17

at
S u)

ur
a
Rhyn
Ankyra (Kar →Bartolf —

(M
Byzantine Dorylaeum →Malmesbury 4.358-363
Empire Gesta 5-8/12-20 (p 28-48)
k
Pergamum Amorium i rma nias →Baldric 2 Akhlat
Alexios Haly zi l A rs a
iz Ki →Orderic 9
{1081-1118} Chaka He II G e d s
rm
us Philomelium Melitene →Guibert 4.3-5.7
Smyrna 1- Route of the →Peter 4a-6m (p 43-65)
First Crusade →Robert 3.29-4.14
Antioch Caesarea
Gilo 5.1-7.292
Armenian
k
yu

Meander Iconium Letters (LE) §5-9

Bu

1 Principalites DiyarbakrRalph 48-69

han
1 Coxon
an

Sey
Tangipernes Laodicea y h
✝ Raymond 4-6 (p 30-50)

Ti
Cilician Gates e

g
C
William 4.9-5.23 ←Albert

ris
Heraclea Marash
Eastern Christian

s
Saru
Adana mus Anna (G) 9.6
ra Edessa
Py
1 Mathew (A) 2.113-
Attalia Michael (S) 15.7a-d
Goksu Cal Tarsis Belen Pass →Bar Hebraeus p Mosul
234-5
Rhodes yca
dnu
s Antioch Syriaco(S)u g hp a70-71,
K
Muslime rb
YaghiSiyan Ridwan
Seleucia St Simeon
Euphr
ates IA= Ibn al-Athir 1:14-5
Aleppo

Zab
Studies (10:274-5 = AHC p 2-4)

ater
Asbridge §5-6 Raqqa
IQ = Ibn al-Qalanisi {a490}

Gre
Asbridge, Antioch 24-41 Latakia Rahba KD = Kamal al-Din 1:345-7
France §7-8 =R580-2 Seljuq empire
Frankopan §9b-10a Nicosia
t i n e MQ = MaqriziBarkiyaruq
{a490}
a n Hama
Nicolle 49-58 Byz AP = (Latiff, {1092-1105}
Poetry) §4
Rogers, Latin Siege 25-39 Paphos SJ = Sibt b al-Jawzi {a490} —
Homs
Rubenstein §9-12 Janah al-
Runciman 1:213-264 Tripoli
Dawla
Mamistra
Strategic Situation: Siege of Antioch 1097/10/21
Jerablus
Primary Sources: Siege of Antioch

s
Mt
Anthologies

s
aeu
AHC 2-6 (Gabrielli)→IA

Am
Ayas FCA §4 (Krey)
Cyrrhus FCC §7 (Peters)
FCD §5 (Rubenstein)
E up
hra
CFC §5 (Tyerman) te s
Western
Azaz AA= Albert 3.36-4.26
Alexandretta ♜
CA= Canso —
Darbsak CC= Caffaro —
Manbij ♜

asu
♜ EA= Ekkehard — Qalat al-Najm

Kar
Syrian FC= Fulcher 1.15-17
Gates →BN= Bartolf —
→WM= Malmesbury 4.358-363
♜
GF= Gesta 5-8/12-20 (p 28-48)
Baghras rin
Af →BB= Baldric 2
→OV= Orderic 9
Lake →GN= Guibert 4.3-5.7
Antioch
→PT= Peter 4a-6m (p 43-65)
Artah →RM= Robert 3.29-4.14
♜
Aleppo GP= Gilo 5.1-7.292
✝ Onr
ante
s
♜
Harim Aleppo (Ridwan) LE= Letters §5-9
Antioch YS Iron
♜Bridge RC= Ralph 48-69
{1095-1113} RA= Raymond 4-6 (p 30-50)
Atharib
WT= William 4.9-5.23 ←Albert
s
te
an

Eastern Christian
nr

St Simeon
O

♜ AC=Anna (G) 9.6

HP=History of the Patriarchs
Antioch GC= Georgian Chronicles
(Yaghi-Siyan) Qinnasrin ME=Mathew (A) 2.113-E
{1086-1098} u
MS=Michael (S) 15.7a-d phra
te
→BH=Bar Hebraeus p 234-5 s
SC= Syriac 1234 (S) p70-71
Studies Muslim Balis
Asbridge §5-6 IA= Ibn al-Athir 1:14-5
Asbridge, Antioch 24-41 (10:274-5 = AHC p 2-4)
Jisr
al-Shughur France §7-8 IQ= Ibn al-Qalanisi {a490}
Frankopan §9b-10a KD= Kamal al-Din 1:345-7
Nicolle 49-58 =R580-2
tes

Rogers, Latin Siege 25-39 MQ= Maqrizi {a490}

Onran

Rubenstein §9-12 AP= (Latiff, Poetry) §4

Runciman 1:213-264 SJ= Sibt b al-Jawzi {a490} —
 Crusader Order of March 1097/10/20

Karasu
Ra
St Tt
Iron
1-{1097/09/20} Bohemond’s RN Bridge

s
te
Vanguard ♜

an
nr
[GF 5/12a] RF

O
2-{1097/09/20} Main army
The gallant Bohemond came at Go [AA 3.36e]
once [as a vanguard to Antioch] 2
with four thousand knights
[militum] to guard the city gate, so
that no-one could go out or come Ta
in secretly by night.
Bo
Note:
Having crossed the Orontes
1
River the Crusaders march on
the south/east bank of the
Orontes, and thus arrive on the 3b- Numbers in the Crusader Army at Antioch.
north side of the city. The number of soldiers given by both Western
and Eastern sources are often very exaggerated.

On
♜

ran
YS Three hundred thousand Crusader combatants

tes
are far too many. Modern scholars generally put
the total number of Crusader combatants at
50,000-60,000 [France §5]. By the time they
reached Antioch they perhaps numbered around
s
te
an

35,000-40,000 combatants, of whom perhaps

nr
O

4000 were knights.

 Bohemond’s Open Blockade Bo Ta 1 1097/10/20
0 250 500m

1
1- 1097/09/20 evening 2
[Guibert 4.3b]
Bohemund, together with 4000 of his best men
(militum), undertook a blockade of the city's gate, 1
and remained on guard all that night to prevent
anyone from getting in or out. 3

7
1b- Loose Blockade
[WT 4.13] 4
Bohemond established a loose
blockade only on the three
northwestern gates:
2- St Paul’s gate
3- Dog gate YS
4- Duke’s gate 5

Marsh
6

Gates
1- Iron Gate
2- St Paul’s Gate
3- Dog Gate
4- Gate of the Duke
5- Bridge Gate
6- St George Gate
7- Citadel
 Tt
Initial Deployments 1097/10/21-22
BH Bo
0 250 500m Sources on the Deployment RF Ta Gates
of the Crusaders at Antioch SB 1- Iron Gate
HV 2- St Paul’s Gate
AA 3.38-9 2 3- Dog Gate
WT 4.13 RN 4- Gate of the Duke
Alternate descriptions 5- Bridge Gate
AP
RC 49 1 6- St George Gate
CA 2865-964 RT 1 7- Citadel
3
Go Leaders
7 BH = Baldwin of
Hainaut
4
Bo= Bohemond
Go= Godfrey of
2- Bridge Gate Boulogne
In the initial investment of HV = Hugh of
Antioch, the Turks continued to Vermandois
YS
control the Bridge Gate, the only 2 RF= Robert of
bridge across the Orontes in the 5 Flanders
1
region. RN= Robert of
Normandy
SB = Stephen of
1- Unblockaded Gates Blois
[WT 4.13] Ta= Tancred
5= Bridge Gate Tt= Tatikios
6= St George Gate YS= Yaghi Siyan
7= Citadel Gate
Marsh 1= Iron Bridge
6
1
 Crusading Warfare
Next = 1/11/4c: The Siege Begins

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