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  • Speaking Activities

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    zaida
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    This document provides vocabulary related to the nervous and endocrine systems. It defines key terms like neurons, receptors, hormones, and neurotransmitters. It describes the central and peripheral nervous systems, including structures like the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It also outlines several diseases that can affect the nervous and endocrine systems such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes. Finally, it discusses addictive substances and the effects of drug use and addiction.

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    Speaking Activities

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    This document provides vocabulary related to the nervous and endocrine systems. It defines key terms like neurons, receptors, hormones, and neurotransmitters. It describes the central and peripheral nervous systems, including structures like the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It also outlines several diseases that can affect the nervous and endocrine systems such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes. Finally, it discusses addictive substances and the effects of drug use and addiction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    148 vizualizări2 pagini

    Speaking Activities

    Încărcat de

    zaida
    This document provides vocabulary related to the nervous and endocrine systems. It defines key terms like neurons, receptors, hormones, and neurotransmitters. It describes the central and peripheral nervous systems, including structures like the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It also outlines several diseases that can affect the nervous and endocrine systems such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes. Finally, it discusses addictive substances and the effects of drug use and addiction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    VOCABULARY UNIT 5

    interaction function neurons


    stimuli neuroglia
    receptor soma
    sense organs dendrites
    nervous system axon
    effector organs nourish
    endocrine system astrocytes
    hormones oligodendrocytes
    musculoskeletal system Schawn cells
    motor responses (movements) myelin sheath

    ---------- -----------

    sinapses neurotransmitters
    presynaptic terminal nerve impulse
    synaptic cleft bind
    postsinaptic terminal

    ------

    central nervous system basic instincts: hunger, thirst and


    peripheral nervous system sexual desire
    brain
    cerebrum motor coordination
    cerebellum balance
    brain stem conduit function
    spinal cord reflex function
    autonomic nervous system cranial nerves
    sympathetic spinal nerves
    parasympathetic
    somatic nervous system sensory nerves // motor nerves //
    grey matter mixed nerves
    white matter
    skull antagonistic
    spinal column consciously // unconsciously
    meninges
    cerebral cortex reflex arc
    limbic system

    ------
    target organ
    hypotalamic - pituitary axis
    pituitary gland: pituitary hormone
    thyroid gland: thyroxine // calcitonin
    parathiroid gland: parathiroid hormone
    pancreas: insulin // glucagon
    adrenal glands: corticosteroids
    testicles: testosterone
    ovaries: oestrogens // progesterone
    pineal gland: melatonin

    -----

    Nervous system diseases


    1) Neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease // Parkinson’s disease //
    Multiple sclerosis
    2) Genetic diseases: Autism // Depression // Schizophrenia.
    3) Infectious diseases: Meningitis // Encephalitis // Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
    4) Traumatic injuries and cerebrovascular accidents (strokes)

    ---------

    Endocrine diseases
    Pituitary gland: Gigantism // acromegaly // Dwarfism
    Thyroid gland: Hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease // Hypothyroidism
    Pancreas: Hypoglycaemia // Diabetes mellitus

    ------------

    Addictive substances
    Drugs
    relaxation
    euphoria
    tolerance
    drug dependence or addiction
    withdrawal syndrome
    dissatisfaction

    -----

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