PLANNING 3 ARCH 4205

TOURISM PLANNING

PREPARED BY:
ALMAREZ, CZARINIÑA M.
PALINES, THOM JAYSON

INTRODUCTION OF TOURISM PLANNING

Research by: Thom Jayson Palines

TOURISM
- the travel for recreational, leisure,family or business purposes, usually of a limited
duration. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to
travel to another location within the same country.Tourism is commonly associated with
trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country.

TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

PLANNING
- Planning is a dynamic process of determining goals, systematically selecting alternative
courses of actions to achieve those goals, implementing the chosen alternatives, and
evaluating the choice to determine if it is successful.

TOURISM PLANNING
WHAT IS TOURISM PLANNING???
- Tourism planning is the process of considering the needs of people planning a trip and
using those factors to determine the best resources, programs and activities for their trip.
Tourism planning is intended for local residents and businesses of the location, as well as
tourists who travel there.

ESSENCE OF TOURISM PLANNING

- Tourism planning involves the coordination with other government agencies to improve
tourism-related infrastructure. The planning also extends to participation of the private sector,
the hotels and restaurants, travel transport, and even popular outlets (like Jollibee) that can
help as information centers (in the absence of actual tourist information centers)
The planning process is essential as it provides plenty of resources and information for
travelers, while ensuring that the location and local businesses provide everything needed to
improve their tourism. In tourism planning, every factor is considered, ranging from finding a
variety of accommodations to fit travelers' different wants and needs to locating special
programs and activities in that location.

What are the consequences of having a lack of tourism planning or poor tourism
planning?
- The consequences of having a lack of tourism planning or poor tourism planning is that
the tourism industry is unorganized, the tourist does not take the opportunity to travel, the
numbers of tourists decrease. and profits decrease.

A. PHYSICAL IMPACTS
- Damage or permanent alteration of the physical environment • Damage or permanent
alteration of the historical/cultural landmarks and resources • Overcrowding and congestion •
Pollution • Traffic problems

B. HUMAN IMPACTS
- Less accessibility to services and tourist attractions for local residents resulting in local
resentment • Dislike of tourist by local residents • Loss of cultural identities • Lack of
education of tourism employees in skills and hospitality • Lack of awareness of the benefits of
tourism to the destination area.

C. MARKETING IMPACTS
- Failure to capitalize on new marketing opportunities. • Erosion of market shares due to the
actions of competitive destination area. • Lack of sufficient awareness in prime markets •
Lack of clear image of destination area in potential markets. • Lack of cooperative advertising
among individual operators • Inadequate capitalization in packaging opportunities.

D. ORGANIZATIONAL IMPACTS
- Fragmental approach to the marketing and development of tourism, often involving
“competitive splinter groups”. • Lack of cooperation among individual operators. • Inadequate
representation of the tourism industry’s interests. • Lack of support from local public
authorities. • Failure to act on important issues, problems and opportunities of common
interest to the industry.

E. OTHER IMPACTS
- Lack of sufficient attractions and events. • High seasonality and short lengths of stay. •
Poor or deteriorating quality of facilities and services. • Poor or inadequate travel information
services.
TOURISM PLANNING IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
- In general planning for tourists is less difficult in developed countries than it is in
developing ones. • Planning is important and should provide a quality environment for both
tourists and residents. • The planning process for tourism development is the same as in city
or regional planning. Most problems involve policy decisions on alternative land uses for the
health and welfare of the citizens.

In countries with less control over the economic sector, guidelines and ordinances can
restrict private development to prescribed areas, while in others, all development can be
directed by the central government. • Target countries or states can be identified as potential
tourist generators through research and market analysis. Proper planning include
government assistance in direct advertising to attract tourist.

In developed countries, planning and construction of infrastructure facilities is a must

particularly in areas that do not have them. For regions that have existing infrastructure, the
planning process should include alternatives to improve or further develop it.

TOURISM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

- Tourism is important in bringing the much needed foreign currency for developing
countries. Mexico and Spain for example have benefited very much from tourism. • Other
advantages are increased employment opportunities and the development of infrastructure.
Roads, water and sewage systems provided for tourists also help local industries.
- Planning in developing countries should consider the cultural impact of tourism on the
area. Many times the culture may be so fragile that tourism can greatly influence it particularly
in developing countries. • In a developing society, people tend to adopt the lifestyle of the
tourists changing their clothing, food and other customs. In this way the local culture is greatly
influenced or altered.

BARRIERS TO PLANNING
- The following are the barriers to tourism planning and the problems associated with it. 1.
Many people are against planning in principle, particularly within the free-enterprise system.
Many businessmen view tourism planning as an encroachment into their domain and are
skeptical of its real value.
TOURISM PLANNING PROCESS
Research by: Czariniña M. Almarez

THE TOURISM PLANNING PROCESS

- Planning is an ongoing process that must keep up with the changing character of the
world and of the destination area. The planning procedure follows a step by step pattern.

There are five essential steps in tourism planning process:tourism planning process:

1. Background-analysis phase.
- Tourism policy goals are usually classified into four, namely : economic, consumer / social,
resource / environmental, and government operations.

2. Detailed research and analysis phase.

- A valid tourism plan cannot be formulated without research. Research should be
concentrated in four distinct areas namely: resources, markets, activities, and competition.

3. Synthesis phase.
- Tourism plans provide the “bridge” between the present situation in a destination area.
They provide the means to an end.

4. Goal setting, strategy selection and objective setting.

- The fourth step in the tourism planning process is to define the planning goals, strategies,
and objectives. They must becomplementary to policy and goals.

5. Plan development .
- The last step of the tourism planning process is the development of the plan. The plan
includes the actions needed to achieve the objectives, implement the strategy, and satisfy the
planning goals.

Classification of Travelers According to Purpose According to Purpose

- Travelers have a wide range of classifications or categories based on the type of travel
they are engaged in. This is an important detail during travel because it results in getting the
appropriate travel insurance or the appropriate visa for international flights. All international
travel must have a passport. Inappropriate insurance or the wrong visa can create problems
for the traveler, so knowing the classification by purpose makes a differences in travel.
BUSINESS TRAVELERS
- Business travelers are the men and women who are traveling for business or job
purposes. This might result in international travel, or it might remain in the United States
depending on the job and the type of business. Business travelers going to an international
location need an appropriate business or work visa for the country before leaving based on
the length of their stay. Regardless of location, business travelers should get appropriate
travel insurance for items like work computers.

STUDENT TRAVELERS
- Student travelers is the group that is either traveling for educational purposes or the
travelers who are going for vacation between classes during school breaks. Student travelers
going abroad must have appropriate visas, which will differ depending on whether the trip is a
pleasure trip or an educational trip. For an education trip, student visas allowing the student
to study in a school are necessary, though countries differ in exact requirements. For
vacationing purposes, students need a tourist visa for international travel. Visas are not
required for traveling within the United States. Travel insurance for students will usually cover
items like laptops and digital cameras.

GROUP TRAVELERS
- The group traveler is the large tourist group, often of friends and family, who have at least
10 individuals within the group. In most cases group travelers are going as tourists to any
given location. When applying for a visa, group travelers usually apply for a tourist visa to a
country. For insurance purposes, group travelers often get special rates or deals because of
the large number of individuals.

MEDICAL TRAVELERS
- Medical travelers are those who are traveling to see a specialized doctor for a medical
ailment. For example, traveling from one side of the country to the other to see a specific
medical doctor. This type of traveler will vary in needs for both insurance or visas depending
on the location of the travel. If traveling to a location outside the United States the appropriate
visa will either be a tourist or visitors visa or a medical visa if the country has a separate
category.

FAMILY , SENIOR AND SINGLE FAMILY, SENIOR OR SINGLE VACATIONERS

 - Vacationers who are not part of a large group, but rather fall under a family, senior or
single's category, are often separated in insurance. As far as visas for international travel are
concerned, the typical visa is a tourist or visitor's visa. For short-term visits, some countries
might have a visa waiver, such as travel to Japan, which allows Americans with a valid
passport to enter the country up to 90 days without a visa. In general, most countries will
require a valid visa.

Characteristics Of Individual Tourism Development Project Tourism Development

Project
- Individual tourism development projects are generated either through the tourism
planning processor by the private sector. In destinations without tourism plans, the public
sector may identify development opportunities for private sector investment. All individual
tourism development opportunities must be carefully researched and analyzed before their
construction.
.
Steps in the Tourism Project Evaluation and Analysis System
The seven steps in the tourism project evaluation and analysis system are:

1. Pre-feasibility Study
2. Site Analysis
3. Market Analysis
4. Economic Feasibility Study
5. Cost-benefit Analysis
6. Government Financial Incentives in Tourism Development
7. Private Sector Financing for Tourism Development
.
DEFINITION OF MARKETING
Marketing consists of all those activities necessary to bring a product or service from the
manufacturer to the end user. These activities include:

1. The product or service itself

2. The methods of distribution
3. The methods of pricing
4. The methods of promotion
5. The form of selling; and
6. The form of advertising
UNIQUENESS OF TOURISM MARKETING
- Although the theories and methods of marketing tourism are the same as those of other
products, there are some unique qualities. Tourism is a service. An intangible experience is
being sold, not a physical good that can be inspected before it is bought. For example, a
consumer does not buy a bed or a beach, but buys a night’s lodging in a hotel at the seashore.
Because it is a service, production and consumption take place at the same time.

MARKETING ORIENTATION
- Product orientation emphasizes the products or services that are available. It may be
successful if there is a surplus of demand over supply. Thus, the destination which offers the
best product will get the tourist. The old adage that reflects this is “build a better mousetrap,
and the world will beat a path to your door.”

CONSUMER ORIENTATION
- places the needs and wants of the tourist foremost in the mind of the marketer who seeks
to provide a product or service that will satisfy those needs and wants.
.
SOCIETAL MARKETING APPROACH or SOCIETAL ORIENTAION
- which focuses on the satisfaction of tourist needs and wants while respecting the
long-term interests of the community.