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ON

OF

BY
Tibetan medicine

Ayurveda

Bu Ali Sina
Aristotle laid down foundation Alqanoon
of Anatomy & physiology Unani

Pure herbs
Comparison of three system of medicine
System Ayurveda Unani Western

Place & date India Persia Europe


Of Origin Circa 2000 BC. Circa 980 AD. Late 19th century
Dynamic Elements Prana (energy) Ruh (soul) Immune system
Diseases Correlate Tridoshas Humoural imbalance Named pathology
with
Basis of Diagnosis Vata, Kapha, Pitta Blood, Phlegm, Physical examination,
Yellow Bile; Black Bile laboratory testing
Elements of Nature Fire, Earth, Water, Fire, Earth, Water, 22 Basic elements
Air and Ether Air
Side Effects Rare Rare 100,000 die annually

Common Medicines Amla; guggula; Senna pods, black Antibiotics, corticosteroid


Bibhitaki; triphala seed, cumin, ginger antidepressants,

Mostly Originated
Plant life from Plant
What is needed in Tirap,
Arunachal Pradesh
 A study is essential on the feasibility of Value addition to
Medicinal Plants in the state of Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh.
 The aim of the study will be to provide detailed information
about the availability and potentiality of commercial
exploitation of medicinal plants in all the four districts of
Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh.
 The findings of the study will be the basis for potential
investors to take investment decision.
Back ground priority
♣ World Health Organization initiated an ambitious goal of
providing health care to everyone.
♣ In support of that goal, WHO endorsed traditional medicine
programs worldwide. WHO has reaffirmed previous resolutions
supporting traditional medicine for future action. These are to:
 Initiate comprehensive programs for the identification,
evaluation, preparation, cultivation and conservation of
medicinal plants used in traditional medicine.
 Ensure quality control of drugs derived from traditional plant
remedies by using modern techniques and applying suitable
standards and good manufacturing practices.
 Address problems of severe genetic loss of medicinal plants
primarily due to destruction of plant rich habitats.
 Implement the Chang Mai Declaration,
"Saving Lives by Saving Plants"
 Establish programs for conservation of medicinal plants to
ensure that there are adequate supplies for future generations.
Back ground priority
 “National Bio-diversity Action Plan” in 1998 has identified medicinal plants
conservation, as a thrust area of the National Plan. The forests of India are
estimated to harbour 90% of medicinal plants. Only 10% of the known
medicinal plants of India are restricted to non-forest habitats. Hence, there is a
strong case for incorporating “in-situ conservation of medicinal plants” in
Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh due to higher forest cover of total geographical
area.
 Over 95% of the medicinal plants used by the Indian medicinal industry are
collected from the wild. Threat assessment exercises as per latest IUCN
guidelines have listed around 200 species of medicinal plants that are
threatened, endangered and rare.
 The Government of India banned export of more than 50 species, which are
believed to beexport
 Banning threatened in thespecies
of plant wild for medicinal use is only a short term
measure.
 It is important to practice scientific harvesting technologies so that plants
are harvested in the proper season, at the proper stage of their
physiological growth, from the proper habitats and in a non-destructive
and sustainable fashion.
 Arranging Agro-technologies required for such prioritized species that
are in high demand but short supply and which cannot be sustainably
collected from the wild.
Certain favourable points
 This is the time when toxic drugs are increasingly unwelcome through out
the world and thinking people are using viable alternatives.
 Medicinal and aromatic plants are important Non Timber Forest produces
(NTFP) found in the forest and Himalayas, with greatest concentration in the
tropical and subtropical belts.
 Some of the important and high demand species are found at high altitudes
in particularly stressful environments, grow very slowly and cannot live
elsewhere.
 In the last 10 years, for example, India’s exports of medicinal plants have
trebled. But with most of these plants being taken from the wild, hundreds of
species are now threatened with extinction because of over harvesting &
destructive collection technique.
 For instance, “The small coniferous Himalayan yew (Taxus baccata)
has recently become a heavily traded species. It is avidly sought
because it contains taxol, used to treat cancer. Large quantities of this
plant are collected and exported annually, although its harvesting is
illegal”.
World bank assistance
Harvesting Too Much, Growing And Protecting Too Little
The World Bank is assisting countries of South East Asia for:
☺ Conservation, scientific harvesting and cultivation of medicinal
plants:
☺ Establishing medicinal plant conservation area where plant collection
from wild is particularly intensive.
☺ Implementing village action plans to reduce dependency on
harvesting from the wild by promoting extension and education on
medicinal properties of species within these conservation areas.
☺ Establishing nurseries to develop the cultivation of select species and
support research on propagation and field planting techniques.
☺ The future strategies to mainstream medicinal plants in to natural
resource management programme to increase supply of this resource.
Certain national market facts

Facts which are sensationalising the corporate world:


 Medicinal plant and aromatic related trade in India is estimated
as follows:
Total global herbal and Ayurvedic products: (2017)
Rs. 4,50,000 crores
Of which Indian market is: Rs. 22,630 crores
Over the counter products contribute : Rs. 11800 crores
Ethical formulation : Rs. 6400 crores
Classical Ayurvedic formulation : Rs. 4430 crores
International market facts
 The value of global trade in medicinal plant has been put at more than
$62 bn. per year.
 The world demand of medicinal plants is growing at 7% annually,
therefore the export market for medicinal plants appears to be growing
faster than Indian domestic market.
 Indian medicinal plant related export at present is Rs. 3000.00 crores
 Export growth is estimated at Rs. 6000.00 crore by 2025.

Chinese export is in the tune of Rs. 22,000 crore.

Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh with its cultural as well as eco-system


very similar to Tibet can exploit this opportunity.
Global Usage pattern of medicinal plants

Chemical Drugs (67%)

Raw Plant material for


decoction ( 9%)

Herbal Medicine in
dosage form (24%)
INDUSTRIAL USE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Phyto-
pharmaceuticals Intermediates
Ancillary
for Drug
Products
manufacturers

MEDICINAL
Health Food Herbal teas
PLANTS

Industrial Traditional
Pharmaceuticals medicines
New Drugs
INDUSTRIAL USE OF ESSENTIAL OILS
Dentifrice Industry:
 Paste  Powders
Adhesives: Cosmetics & Toiletries:
 Antiseptics  Cements
 Cements  Pastes  Perfumes  Sprays
 Mouth Wash
 Glues  Tapes  Creams  Deodorants
 soaps  Powders

Medicinal & Veterinary


Preparation Paper & Printing Industry:
PHARMACEUTICALS  Carbon paper  Crayons
 Ribbons  Tapes
 wrappers  Inks
Paint Industry ESSENTIAL
 Paints  Distempers OILS Rubber & Plastics
 Diluents  Air fresheners
 Surgical gloves  Toys
 Cleaning fluids
 Waterproofing compounds

Insecticide Preparation Other Industry:


 Sprays  Repellents  Polishes  Cleaner
 Disinfectants  Attractants  Solvents  Lubricants
Food & Beverages:
 Liquors  Flavouring Agents
 Sauces  Preservatives
Medicinal Plants Processing
Dried Fresh
C Ex
C+F
Powders Capsules Alcohol Other Aqueous
Tablets Extracts Solvents Extracts
Pills
Pasts E E
E F Fe
Bags Tinctures Solid Liquid mixtures
Sachets Extracts Compound
Medicines Medicinal
F F S Syrups Wines

C Commination Liquid Tablets


dosage Capsules
CH Chemical forms Ointments Fractions
modification Compounds
E P
E Evaporation Syrups P
Ex Extraction Concentrates Pure
F Formulation Intermediates
Compounds
Fe Fermentation F CH
P Purification Tablets Synthetic
S Separation Capsules F Drugs
Syrups/Injections
Creams/Lotions
Processes Used and Products from Aromatic Plants
Aromatic
Plants
Parts/Whole Exhudates(e.g. pine)
Fresh/Dried

Expression Steam/Hydro Enfluerage Solvent Extraction


(e.g. citrus) Distillation (e.g. (e.g. jasmine) Distillation
(e.g. grasses,buds) flowers)

Separation Alcohol Extraction Distillation Resin Balsams


Distillation

Essential Oils Concretes


(e.g. rose)
Resins/Resinoids
Fractionation Oil Resins
Alcoholic e.g. lichens
(e.g. ginger)
Isolator Rectification Extraction-
Distillation
Chemical Modification
Enriched Oils Absolutes
Aroma Chemicals
Scope of study on medicinal plants in Tirap, AP
• Identification of cultivable suitable medicinal plants for each block of
the state.
• Mapping of suitable soil and agro-climatic conditions of' potential
areas for development and propagation of identified & prioritized
medicinal plants
• Estimation of total production of identified/selected medicinal plants
both naturally available or cultivated
• Possible scale of exploitation of identified medicinal plants
• Present market demand and linkage of identified medicinal plants.
• Suggesting marketing network at state and national level
• Action plan for development of identified medicinal plants in to
profitable ventures
• Scope of development of specific industrial activities based on the
identified medicinal plants.
Scope of study on medicinal plants in Tirap, AP
Identification of types of medicinal plants in three distinct category:
1. Plants, being source for modern medicine e.g. Allopathic and
Homeopathic system, which can be source material for industrial
extraction of the active principles.
2. Plants, being source of various preventive and curative formulation in
traditional systems e.g.
Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, Tibetian (Amchi)
And non-traditional system: Tantrio therapy, Tribal medicines,
Naturopathy, Aromatherapy, Household & Folk remedies
3. Plants which are source of essential oil and oleoresins
The identification of medicinal plants will have special reference to the
vulnerable, threatened endangered and rare species as per CITES,
species banned for export by Govt. of India.
The identification will also highlight those medicinal plants which are
viable for cultivation in herbal gardens as well as big farming.
Methodology
A Identifying those medicinal plants which are unique & exotic and can be
grown/cultivated in the state of Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh.
B Identifying Medicinal plants that are also abundant in other parts of
India and will have disadvantage of logistics in profitable marketing.
C The above identified and short listed medicinal plants will be divided into
following category:
1. Suitable for active ingredient extraction for preparation of drugs and
medicine usually for Allopathic and homeopathic system.
system
2. Suitable for use in Ayurvedic, Unani Siddha and other non-
conventional alternative medicine system.
3. Suitable for local Tibetan medicine system which are still used and
will have wider scope after opening of Nathula pass.
pass
4. Suitable for cultivation, tissue culture and nursery development.
5. Grows only in wild and can be regenerated through special
conservation afford. But will not come under threatened or
endangered species.
6. Species which are endangered and threatened but can be tissue
cultured and cultivated for commercial exploitation.
D Each district site of medicinal plant of botanical significance shall
be evaluated by soil type, shade percentage, compass direction, by
predominant tree species present and by any unusual conditions,
spring reemergence times, flowering times, seeding times and die
back times.
E Assessment of various criterion to estimate the viability of
Plantation project by cultivation or other means:
• Medicinal kitchen garden tied up with a marketing co-operative or
processing
co-operative scheme.
• Tissue culture project
• Harvesting project from wild/naturally grown habitat
• Natural regeneration project

F Envisaging Viable Industrial Processing units/projects based on


the above findings.
INVESTMENT ANALYSIS
Suggestion for investment for plantation project and/or medicinal
plant processing project will be based on:


 Present
Present demand
demand supply
supply gap,
gap, future
future strain
strain on
on harvesting
harvesting from
from
wild,
wild, growth
growth of
of demand.
demand.


 The
The present
present quantity
quantity of
of selected
selected medicinal
medicinal plants
plants availability
availability
from
from the
the command
command areaarea ofof the
the site
site selected
selected for
for processing
processing
unit.
unit.


 Possibilities
Possibilities of
of tissue
tissue culture,
culture, cultivation
cultivation and
and gestation
gestation perio
periodd
of
of medicinal
medicinal plant
plant selected
selected for
for plantation/cultivation.
plantation/cultivation.


 Size
Size of
of the
the project.
project.
Financial analysis
 Cost estimates of capital investment.
 Cost estimates of operation and requirement of funds.
 Envisaging Source of long-term & Short-term Funds for
investment.
 Profitability estimation for a projected period.
 Fund flow analysis
 Envisaging NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) & INTERNAL
RATE OF RETURN (IRR)
 Sensitivity analysis.
A list of few exotic medicinal plant species having
international demand and suitable for cultivation in Tirap,

Rauvolfia serpentina Bauhinia purpuria Artimisia vulgare Panax ginseng


Sarpagandha Tanki Mugwort Jen-shen

Chlorophytum borivilianum Catharanthus roseus


Safed Musli Aloe vera/barbadensis Periwinkle, Sadabahar
A list of few exotic medicinal plant species having
international demand and suitable for cultivation in Tirap,

Taxus baccata
Terminalia arjuna Astragalus membranaceus Himalayan Yew
Tree Chinese Astrgalus Datura straminium Talishpatra

Withania somnifera Aconitum L. Glycyrrhiza glabra


Aswagandha (all Himalayan species) Atropa belledona Madhuka
Medicago sativa
Rhodiola rosea Hippophae rhamnoides
rhodiola
Alfalfa
Shaji, Sea Buckthorn

Adhatoda vasica Taraxacum officinale Acorus calmus


Vasaka Dandalion/Kanphul Sweet flag
What we can do
Plant resources survey : Floristic survey, Ethnobotany, Survey of
potential medicinal and other economic plants,
Agrotechnology : Cultivation of aromatic, medicinal and other economic
plants, Plant introduction and improvement
Promotion of Commercial cultivation of promising crops: Provide
technical know-how, supply of planting material of improved genotypes,
organise training courses.
Tissue culture: Improvement and micropropagation of selected economic
plants, in vitro biosynthesis of useful chemical compounds and providing
know-how for setting up Tissue culture laboratory.
Reclamation of degraded land through medicinal plant plantation in
degraded wasteland.
Provide Post harvest management technologies of medicinal &
aromatic plants
 Arrange Processing technology for medicinal and aromatic plants
 Introduce Quality Control measures for raw material and
finished products as herbal drugs
 Provide Quality packaging techniques
 Initiate Good Manufacturing Practices for Herbal Drug
production

Escort services to District Medicinal Plants Boards


and cells at Panchayat level.

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