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Power turbine
′ ′
𝑇05 = 𝑇04 − ∆𝑇𝑃𝑇
Constants
𝛾𝑔
𝛾𝑎 = 1.4 ′ 𝛾𝑔 −1
𝑇05
𝑃05 = 𝑃04 ( ′ )
𝛾𝑔 = 1.333 𝑇04
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𝐶𝑎 = 𝑀𝐴𝐶𝐻√𝛾𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑇𝑎 2
𝑇8 = 𝑇02 ( )
𝛾𝑔 + 1
Admission duct
𝐶𝑎2
𝑇01 = 𝑇𝑎 + 1
2𝐶𝑝𝑎 𝑃8 = 𝑃02 ( )
𝑃02
𝛾𝑎 𝑃𝑐
𝜂𝐴𝐷 𝐶𝑎2 𝛾𝑎−1
𝑃01 = 𝑃𝑎 (1 + )
2𝐶𝑝𝑎 𝑇𝑎 𝐶8 = √𝛾𝑔 𝑅𝑎 𝑇02
𝑚̇
𝐴=
𝑃
𝑅𝑇
𝐸𝑇 (𝐵 + 1)
𝑚̇ 𝑇 =
𝑅 𝑇 𝑅 𝑇
𝐵(𝐶8 − 𝐶𝑎 ) + 𝑃𝑎𝐶8 (𝑃8 − 𝑃𝑎 ) + (𝐶7 − 𝐶𝑎 ) + 𝑃𝑎𝐶7 (𝑃7 − 𝑃𝑎 )
8 8 7 7
𝛾𝑔 = 1.333 𝐶𝑎
𝑈=
𝜙
𝐶𝑝𝑎 = 1005 𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔 ∆𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑝𝑔 = 1148 𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔 𝐾 𝜓= 𝐴𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑡 3 − 5
𝑈2
𝑅𝑔 = 287 𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔 𝐾
Gas angles
1 𝜓
Determination of number stages 𝛽3 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ ( + 2ʌ)]
∆𝑇𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 2𝛷 2
𝑛𝑠 = =
∆𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 ∆𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 1 𝜓
𝛽2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ ( − 2ʌ)]
2𝛷 2
∆𝑇𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒
∆𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 =
𝑛𝑠
1 𝛾𝑔
𝛼3 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽3 − ] 𝑃01 𝛾𝑔 + 1 𝛾𝑔−1
𝛷 =( )
𝑃𝐶 2
1
𝛼2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽2 + ] Checkpoint
𝛷
Mean radius 𝑃01 𝑃01
<
𝑈 𝑃2 𝑃𝐶
𝑟𝑚 =
2𝜋𝑁 𝑃2
𝜌2 =
N =Rotor Speed in seconds 𝑅𝑔 𝑇2
𝐶22 Plane 3
𝑇2 = 𝑇02 − 𝐶32
2𝐶𝑝𝑔 𝑇3 = 𝑇03 −
2𝐶𝑝𝑔
𝐶22
𝑇2 − 𝑇2′ = 𝜆𝑁 ( ) 𝛾𝑔
2𝐶𝑝𝑔 𝑇3 𝛾𝑔−1
𝑃3 = 𝑃03 ( )
𝑇03
𝑇2′ = 𝑇2 − (𝑇2 − 𝑇2′ )
𝛾𝑔 𝑃3
𝜌3 =
𝑃01 𝑇01 𝛾𝑔−1 𝑅𝑇3
=( ′)
𝑃2 𝑇2 𝑚̇ℎ
𝐴3 =
𝑃01 𝜌3 𝐶𝑎3
𝑃2 =
𝑃
( 𝑃01 )
2
Mach plane 3 Variation of angles graphic
𝐶3 Root
𝑀3 =
√𝛾𝑔 𝑅𝑔 𝑇3 𝑟𝑚
𝛼2𝑟 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼2 ]
𝑟𝑟 2
Rotor efficiency
𝑇2 𝑟𝑚
𝑇3′ = 𝛾𝑔 −1 𝛼3𝑟 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼3 ]
𝑟𝑟 3
𝑃2 𝛾𝑔
( )
𝑃3
𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑟2 𝑈
𝛽2𝑟 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼2 − ]
𝐶𝑎3 𝑟𝑟 2 𝑟𝑚 𝐶𝑎2
𝑉3 =
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛽3
𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑟3 𝑈
𝑇3 − 𝑇3′ 𝛽3𝑟 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼3 + ]
𝜆𝑅 = 𝜆𝑅 > 𝜆𝑁 𝑟𝑟 3 𝑟𝑚 𝐶𝑎3
𝑉32
2𝐶𝑝𝑔 Tip
𝑟𝑚
Planes height 𝛼2𝑡 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼2 ]
𝑟𝑡 2
𝐴1 𝑁
ℎ1 = 𝑟𝑚
𝑈 𝛼3𝑡 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼3 ]
𝑟𝑡 3
𝐴2 𝑁
ℎ2 =
𝑈 𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑡2 𝑈
𝛽2𝑡 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼2 − ]
𝐴3 𝑁 𝑟𝑡 2 𝑟𝑚 𝐶𝑎2
ℎ3 =
𝑈
𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑡3 𝑈
Root radius 𝛽3𝑡 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼3 + ]
𝑟𝑡 3 𝑟𝑚 𝐶𝑎3
ℎ1
𝑟𝑟1 = 𝑟𝑚 − Plane 2 root mach number
2
𝑉2𝑟 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝛽2𝑟
ℎ2
𝑟𝑟2 = 𝑟𝑚 −
2 𝐶2𝑟 = 𝐶𝑎2 𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝛼2𝑟
ℎ3 2
𝐶2𝑟
𝑟𝑟3 = 𝑟𝑚 − 𝑇2𝑟 = 𝑇02 −
2 2𝐶𝑝𝑔
Tip radius 𝑉2𝑟
ℎ1 (𝑀𝑉2 )𝑟 = ≤ 0.8
𝑟𝑡1 = 𝑟𝑚 + √𝛾𝑔 𝑅𝑔 𝑇2𝑟
2
ℎ2 Vanes and blades number
𝑟𝑡2 = 𝑟𝑚 +
2 determination
ℎ3 Gasogenous Power
𝑟𝑡3 = 𝑟𝑚 + Turbine Turbine
2
Turbofan ʌ =0.35 – 0.45
Plane A h rr rt rt / r r ʌ =0.5
Turboprop ʌ =0.55 – 0.65
(m2) (m) (m) (m)
1 ≥ 1.2
2
3 ≤ 1.4
Stator Number of vanes and blades
Height 2𝜋 𝑟𝑚
𝑛𝑆 =
ℎ1 + ℎ2 𝑆𝑆
ℎ𝑆 =
2 2𝜋 𝑟𝑚
𝑛𝑅 =
Chord 𝑆𝑅
ℎ𝑆
𝐶𝑆 = Corrected values
ℎ
(𝑐 ) 2𝜋 𝑟𝑚
𝑆𝑆 =
𝑛𝑆
Pitch
𝑆𝑆 = 𝐶𝑆 (𝑠⁄𝑐)𝑜𝑝𝑡 2𝜋 𝑟𝑚
𝑆𝑅 =
𝑛𝑅
Rotor
𝑆𝑆
Height 𝐶𝑆 = 𝑠
( ⁄𝑐)𝑜𝑝𝑡
ℎ2 + ℎ3
ℎ𝑅 =
2 𝑆𝑅
𝐶𝑅 = 𝑠
Chord ( ⁄𝑐 )𝑜𝑝𝑡
ℎ𝑅 ℎ ℎ𝑆
𝐶𝑅 = ( ) =
ℎ
(𝑐 ) 𝑐 𝑆 𝐶𝑆
Pitch ℎ ℎ𝑅
( ) =
𝑆𝑅 = 𝐶𝑅 (𝑠⁄𝑐)𝑜𝑝𝑡 𝑐 𝑅 𝐶𝑅
Axial compressor
Constants
𝛾𝑎 = 1.4
𝛾𝑔 = 1.333
𝑅𝑔 = 287 𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔 𝐾
(𝑆⁄𝐶 )
𝑜𝑝𝑡
Mean radius
𝑈
𝑟𝑚 =
2𝜋𝑁
Blade height
𝐶𝑎
𝐶1 =
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼1
𝐶1 2
𝑇1 = 𝑇01 −
2𝐶𝑝𝑎
𝑃01
𝑃1 = ϒ𝑎
𝑇 ϒ −1
(𝑇 1 ) 𝑎
01
𝑃1
𝜌1 =
𝑅𝑇1
𝑚̇ 𝑇
ℎ1 =
2𝜋 𝑟𝑚 𝜌1 𝐶𝑎
Root radius
ℎ1
𝑟𝑟 = 𝑟𝑚 −
2
Tip radius
ℎ1
𝑟𝑡 = 𝑟𝑚 +
2
FREE VORTEX ANGLES GRAPHIC
𝑘1 = 𝐶𝑎
𝑘2 = 𝑈 𝐶𝑎 (tan 𝛼2 − tan 𝛼1 )
Root
𝑟𝑟
𝑟𝑟 =
𝑟𝑚
𝑈 2 − 𝑘2
𝛼1𝑟 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
2𝑈𝑟𝑟 𝑘1
𝑈 2 + 𝑘2
𝛼2𝑟 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
2𝑈𝑟𝑟 𝑘1
𝑈 2 (2𝑟𝑟 2 − 1) + 𝑘2
𝛽1𝑟 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ ]
2𝑈𝑟𝑟 𝑘1
𝑈 2 (2𝑟𝑟 2 − 1) − 𝑘2
𝛽2𝑟 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ ]
2𝑈𝑟𝑟 𝑘1
Tip
𝑟𝑡
𝑟𝑡 =
𝑟𝑚
𝑈 2 − 𝑘2
𝛼1𝑡 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
2𝑈𝑟𝑡 𝑘1
𝑈 2 + 𝑘2
𝛼2𝑡 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
2𝑈𝑟𝑡 𝑘1
𝑈 2 (2𝑟𝑡 2 − 1) + 𝑘2
𝛽1𝑡 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ ]
2𝑈𝑟𝑡 𝑘1
𝑈 2 (2𝑟𝑡 2 − 1) − 𝑘2
𝛽2𝑡 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ ]
2𝑈𝑟𝑡 𝑘1
Constant reaction angles graphic
Root
𝑟𝑟 2 𝑈2 − 𝑘2
𝛼1𝑟 = 𝛽2𝑟 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ ]
2𝑈𝑟𝑟 𝑘1
𝑟𝑟 2 𝑈2 + 𝑘2
𝛼2𝑟 = 𝛽1𝑟 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ ]
2𝑈𝑟𝑟 𝑘1
Tip
𝑟𝑡 2 𝑈 2 − 𝑘2
𝛼1𝑡 = 𝛽2𝑡 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ ]
2𝑈𝑟𝑡 𝑘1
𝑟𝑡 2 𝑈 2 + 𝑘2
𝛼2𝑡 = 𝛽1𝑡 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [ ]
2𝑈𝑟𝑡 𝑘1
𝑉1𝑡 = √𝑈1𝑡 2 + 𝐶𝑎 2
𝑉1𝑡
𝑀1𝑡 = < 1.5
√𝛾𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑇1
Pitch
𝑠
𝑆 = 𝐶( )
𝑐 𝑜𝑝𝑡
ℎ ℎ1
( ) =
𝑐 𝑠 𝐶𝑅
𝛽2 ⇒ 𝛽1 = 𝛼2
𝛽1 ⇒ 𝛽2 = 𝛼1
2𝑎
=1
𝑐
Derivation angle empirical
𝑠
𝛿 = 𝑚 Ɵ √( )
𝑐 𝑜𝑝𝑡
2𝑎 2 𝛼2
𝑚 = 0.23 ( ) + 0.1 ( )
𝑐 50
Ɵ = 𝛼 ′1 − 𝛼 ′ 2
𝛼 ′1 = 𝛼1
𝛼 ′ 2 = 𝛼2 − 𝛿
𝛼2 − 𝛼1
Ɵ=
𝑠
1 − 𝑚 √(𝑐)
𝑜𝑝𝑡
𝛼 ′ 2 = 𝛼1 − Ɵ
Stagger angle
Ɵ
𝜉 = 𝛼1 −
2
High pressure compressor
∆𝑇𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑖𝑛
𝑛𝑠 = =
∆𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 ∆𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
∆𝑇𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝
∆𝑇𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 =
𝑛𝑠
Gas angles
Los ángulos para cada etapa cambian debido al factor de trabajo realizado, valor que varía por
etapa según la gráfica.
𝜆𝑈𝐶𝑎
∆𝑇𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = (tan 𝛽1 − tan 𝛽2 )
𝐶𝑝𝑎
𝐶𝑎
ʌ= (tan 𝛽1 + tan 𝛽2 )
2𝑈
Sistema de ecuaciones:
∆𝑇𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
= tan 𝛽1 − tan 𝛽2
𝜆𝑈𝐶𝑎
𝐶𝑝𝑎
ʌ
= tan 𝛽1 + tan 𝛽2
𝐶𝑎
2𝑈
𝐶𝑝𝑎 ∆𝑇𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 + (2 𝜆 ʌ 𝑈 2 )
tan 𝛽1 =
2 𝜆 𝑈 𝐶𝑎
2ʌ𝑈
tan 𝛽2 = − tan 𝛽1
𝐶𝑎
𝛼1 = 𝛽2
𝛼2 = 𝛽1
𝜀 = 𝛽1 − 𝛽2
De la gráfica (𝛼1 𝑣𝑠 𝜀)
(𝑆⁄𝐶 )
𝑜𝑝𝑡
Centrifugal compressor
𝑃1
IMPELLER 𝜌1 =
𝑅𝑇1
Slip factor
0.63 𝜋 𝑚̇
𝜎 =1− 𝐴1 =
𝑛𝑖 𝜌1 𝐶𝑎
For the substitution in this formula, it is necessary to make the conversion values.
𝑘𝐽 1 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝐶 = [𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔 ] → ( ) = [𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙⁄𝑘𝑔 ]
𝑓 𝑘𝑔𝑓 4.1858 𝑘𝐽 𝑓
𝑁 1 𝑘𝑔𝑓 1 𝑚2 𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = [𝑃𝑎] → ( )( ) = [ ⁄ 2]
𝑚2 9.81 𝑁 103 𝑐𝑚2 𝑐𝑚
𝜂𝐵 𝐻𝐶 𝑚̇𝑓
𝑉𝑇 =
𝑞𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑖𝑛
Maximum cross section area
(𝑚̇𝑓 + 𝑚𝐻
̇ ) 𝑅 𝑇𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝐶𝑎 𝑃𝑖𝑛
Iterations
4 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐷𝑒𝑥 = √𝐷𝑖𝑛 2 +
𝜋
𝐷𝑖𝑛
𝑋1 = 𝑟𝑟 (𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟) −
2
𝐷𝑒𝑥
𝑋2 = − 𝑟𝑡(𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒)
2
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑋2 −𝑋1
Partial Volumes
𝑉1 = 0.1 𝑉𝑇
𝑉2 = 0.7 𝑉𝑇
𝑉3 = 0.2 𝑉𝑇
Cylindrical section
𝑉2
𝐿2 =
𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐷𝑒𝑥 𝐷𝑖𝑛
ℎ2 = −
2 2
Divergent section
𝐷𝑒𝑥
𝑅𝑀1 =
2
ℎ2 − ℎ1 𝐷𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑀1 = + ℎ1 +
2 2
ℎ2 − ℎ1 𝐷𝑖𝑛
𝑅𝑚1 = +
2 2
𝐷𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑚1 =
2
3 𝑉1
𝐿1 =
𝜋[(𝑅𝑀1 + 𝑟𝑀1 + 𝑅𝑀1 ∗ 𝑟𝑀1 ) − (𝑅𝑚1 2 + 𝑟𝑚1 2 + 𝑅𝑚1 ∗ 𝑟𝑚1 )]
2 2
Convergent section
𝐷𝑒𝑥
𝑅𝑀3 =
2
ℎ2 − ℎ3 𝐷𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑀3 = + ℎ3 +
2 2
ℎ2 − ℎ3 𝐷𝑖𝑛
𝑅𝑚3 = +
2 2
𝐷𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑚3 =
2
3 𝑉3
𝐿3 =
𝜋[(𝑅𝑀3 + 𝑟𝑀3 + 𝑅𝑀3 ∗ 𝑟𝑀3 ) − (𝑅𝑚3 2 + 𝑟𝑚3 2 + 𝑅𝑚3 ∗ 𝑟𝑚3 )]
2 2
𝐿3 + 𝐿2 ≥ 1𝑓𝑡