1.

0 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

Arc flash studies have been carried out for below listed fault locations:

Load Side Protective Device (PD)

Bus bar PD
Line side/ Source PD

For load and bus PD arc flash calculation, the 33kV & LV switchgear bus incomer protection
setting and fault clearing time has been used for calculation of incident energy (IE) in ETAP.
However, the fault clearance time of the remote upstream relay is used for calculation of
source PD at every 33kV & LV Switchgear since neither of them have been provided with fast
operating unit differential protection on the busbar and incomer circuit.
However, at 11kV switchgear, the incident energy is well within limit i.e. 8Cal/cm2 for busbar
and incomer fault due to availability of Transformer differential protection

Based on the studies carried out at all the 33kV,11kV & LV switchgear locations at JBC, it
was observed that for line/source PD incident energy at working distance resulted in values
greater than that of PPE CAT. 3 or 4 in most of the 33kV & LV switchgear locations with higher
protection clearance time of the remote upstream relay after accounting for proper time and
current coordination.

The best mitigation measure to protect personnel from Arc flash hazard in addition to use of
appropriate easy to use PPE, is by installation of two way changeover maintenance
switch(“Coordinated Normal”/ “Non-Coordinated maintenance” switch position) to reduce the
fault clearance time (FCT) during Operation/maintenance work by changing position of the
maintenance switch from Normal coordinated position to Non-coordinated position so as to
reduce the fault clearing time (FCT) and incident energy as low value as possible without
sacrificing relay coordination under normal operation.

Hence, it is recommended to install two way changeover maintenance switch at the

entrance to most of the substation switchgear, which are listed in Annexure 3.1, to affect a
switched changeover of upstream remote end switchgear incomer feeder relay setting from
normal operation group setting (Group A coordinated setting) to maintenance operating
instantaneous setting group (Group B setting). This changeover using two way changeover
maintenance switch is required to ensure the energy level during maintenance work is
curtailed safely below 8.0 cal/cm2 equivalent to use of PPE CAT. 2 as per NFPA 70E 2015.

This will help to achieve the PPE level within the acceptable limit in case the arc fault occurs
at busbar and Line/Source PD side of 33kV and LV switchgear.
After completion of operation/maintenance task, the maintenance mode shall be turned back
to the Normal operation mode while leaving the switchgear room. Once the maintenance
 mode is changed to normal operation mode, the main settings of the 33kV and LV switchgear
shall be automatically reactivated as per coordinated settings .

OLD CONCULSION

Arc flash studies have been carried out for below listed fault locations:

Load Side Protective Device (PD)

Bus bar PD
Line side/ Source PD

For load and bus PD arc flash calculation, the HV & LV switchgear bus incomer protection
setting and fault clearing time has been used for calculation of incident energy (IE) in ETAP.
However, the fault clearance time of the remote upstream relay is used for calculation of
source PD at every HV & LV Switchgear.

Based on the studies carried out at all the HV & LV switchgear locations at JBC, it was
observed that for line/source PD incident energy at working distance resulted in values greater
than that of PPE CAT. 3 or 4 in most of the HV & LV switchgear locations with higher protection
clearance time of the remote upstream relay after accounting for proper time and current
coordination.

The best mitigation measure to protect personnel from Arc flash hazard in addition to use of
appropriate PPE, is by installation of dual setting changeover maintenance switch to reduce
the fault clearance time (FCT) during Operation/maintenance work to as low a value as
possible without sacrificing relay coordination under normal operation.

Considering the incident energy levels mitigation of all HV & LV switchgear location to an
acceptable level i.e. below 8cal/cm2, installation of dual setting changeover maintenance
switch needs to carry out for any operation/maintenance of the switchgear.
Before entering the switchgear room, the operator shall operate the switch position to
maintenance mode to ensure instantaneous stage (Group B stage) is activated. This will help
to achieve the PPE level within the acceptable limit in case the arc fault occurs between the
LV incoming current transformers of the secondary side of the transformer.
The Group B setting are provided in the excel format attached in annex XX

After completion of operation/maintenance task, the maintenance mode shall be turned back
to the Normal operation mode while leaving the switchgear room.
Once the maintenance mode is changed to normal operation mode, the main settings of the
transformer primary/secondary side relays shall be automatically reactivated as per
coordinated settings.
 In Summary, as per above discussion, EA concludes the following arc flash mitigation
measures shall be provided for HV and LV switchgear:

HV Switchgear-

 Hazard/Risk category at 33kV switchgear falls under category 3 & 4, which implies that
any maintenance or operation on any of the 33kV panels should NOT be carried out when
the switchgear is in live.
 In order to reduce the hazard / risk category, fast operating unit protection such as Dual
ended differential protection with fiber optics cable communication needs to be provided
for the both transmission lines for fast clearance of fault at the line side of the 33kV
Switchgear.
The feasibility of above protection needs to be checked/reviewed with NEPCO authorities.

 The Arc Flash energy level on 11kV switchgear is well within 8cal/cm2 at Line side and
Bus bar. Hence, usage of PPE CAT. 2 as per NFPA 70E 2015 is recommended during
normal operation/maintenance work.

LV Switchgear-

The incident energy at all LV switchboard (i.e. at Load side and line side) is greater than category
2 PPE level (i.e. above 8 cal/cm 2) which is beyond acceptable limit .Hence, it is recommended to
install Dual setting changeover Maintenance switches at each of the substation entrance to effect
a switched changeover of upstream remote end switchgear incomer feeder relay setting from
normal operation group setting (Group A coordinated setting evaluated in the report) to
maintenance operating instantaneous setting group (Group B setting). This changeover of the
setting will ensure the energy level during maintenance work is curtailed safely below 8cal/cm2
equivalent to use of PPE CAT. 2 as per NFPA 70E 2015