USB Under the Hood

Colin Walls
colin_walls@mentor.com
USB is a Good Thing

U
S
B

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What is USB?
n Alternative to old-fashioned serial and parallel
interfaces
n Minimises number of PC connectors
n Simplifies I/O and offers true plug-n-play
n Supports up to 127 devices
n Multiple data rates
– USB 1.1: full speed [12Mb/s] and low speed [1.5Mb/s]
– USB 2.0: high speed [480Mb/s]
– USB 3.0: very high speed [4.8Gb/s]

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USB Technology Overview

Std-B

Std-A

Hub Std-A Mini-B

Std-A

n Three types of USB device

– Host
– Peripheral
– On-The-Go (OTG)
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Typical Peripheral Applications

Low Speed Full Speed Hi-Speed

(LS) (FS) (HS)

Mice Modems Mass Storage

Keyboards Digital Cameras Broadband
Joysticks Printers Home Networking
Gamepads Scanners Residential Gateways
Microphones Digital Video/Audio
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USB Topology

Host
Root Hub

Hub
1

Peripheral Hub Peripheral

2

Hub Hub
3 Peripheral 4 Peripheral

Peripheral Peripheral Peripheral

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USB Topology

Host
Root Hub

Hub
1

Peripheral Hub Peripheral

2

Hub Hub
3 Peripheral 4 Peripheral

Peripheral Peripheral Peripheral

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USB Topology

Host
Root Hub

Hub
1

Peripheral Hub Peripheral

2

Hub Hub
3 Peripheral 4 Peripheral

Peripheral Peripheral Peripheral

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USB Topology

Host
Root Hub

Hub
1

Peripheral Hub Peripheral

2

Hub Hub
3 Peripheral 4 Peripheral

Peripheral Peripheral Peripheral

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USB Topology

Host
Root Hub

Hub
1

Peripheral Hub Peripheral

2

Hub Hub
3 Peripheral 4 Peripheral

Peripheral Peripheral Peripheral

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USB Topology

Host
Root Hub

Hub
1

Function Hub Function

2

Hub Hub
3 Function 4 Function

Function Function Function

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 USB Communications

USB Peripheral Controller

Endpoint 15

To USB
host CPU
Interface
or hub Endpoint 1

Endpoint 0

Input/Output Device

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 USB Communications

USB Peripheral Controller

Endpoint 15

To USB
host CPU
Interface
or hub Endpoint 1

Endpoint 0

Input/Output Device

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USB Transfers
n USB is a master/slave protocol

n 4 types of data transfer:

– Control [Endpoint 0]
– Bulk
– Interrupt
– Isochronous

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USB Software Layers

Host Function

Application Application

Middleware Middleware

Class Driver Class Driver

Host Stack Function Stack

Hardware Hardware
Controller Driver Controller Driver

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USB Software Layers

Host Function

Application Application

Middleware Middleware

Class Driver Class Driver

Host Stack Function Stack

Hardware Hardware
Controller Driver Controller Driver

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USB Software Layers

Host Function

Application Application

Middleware Middleware

Class Driver Class Driver

Host Stack Function Stack

Hardware Hardware
Controller Driver Controller Driver

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USB Software Layers

Host Function

Application Application

Middleware Middleware

Class Driver Class Driver

Host Stack Function Stack

Hardware Hardware
Controller Driver Controller Driver

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USB Software Layers

Host Function

Application Application

Middleware Middleware

Class Driver Class Driver

Host Stack Function Stack

Hardware Hardware
Controller Driver Controller Driver

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USB Software Layers

Host Function

Application Application

Middleware Middleware

Class Driver Class Driver

Host Stack Function Stack

Hardware Hardware
Controller Driver Controller Driver

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USB and Embedded Systems

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Creating USB Peripherals

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Using USB Peripherals

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Both Sides of the Bus

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USB On-The-Go

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Typical OTG Applications

n Peripheral acting n Like-to-like device

as temporary host connectivity
– Camera to printer – PDA to PDA
– Print without a PC – Data synchronization
– MP3 player to disk – MP3 to MP3
– Load/unload songs – File sharing

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Host Negotiation Protocol
PDA Cell phone

A-host B-peripheral
Browse web

HNP

A-peripheral B-host
Upload addresses

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Nucleus USB – Objectives
n Provide USB connectivity for Nucleus-powered
systems
n Fast, small, portable and modularised
n Ground-up design to take full advantage of
Nucleus
n Source code and templates for easy porting
n Single vendor solution

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Nucleus USB – Features

n Supports USB hosts

and functions
n USB 1.1 and USB 2.0
n OTG support
n USB logo certified
n Many controllers
supported
n Key embedded CPUs
n USB class drivers

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Nucleus USB Function Class Drivers
CDC Subclass

MS Subclass HID Subclass Ethernet

SCSI Keyboard Ethernet/RNDIS

Mouse Modem

Device Mgmt

Function Class Drivers

Mass Storage Printer Audio

Human Interface Media Transfer

Still Image
Device (HID) Protocol (MTP)
Communications
Video Pict Bridge
Device (CDC)

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Nucleus USB Host Class Drivers

MS Subclass HID Subclass CDC Subclass

SCSI Keyboard Ethernet

CD ROM Mouse Modem

Floppy Power

Host Class Drivers

Mass Storage Printer Audio

Human Interface Media Transfer

Still Image
Device (HID) Protocol (MTP)
Communications
Video Pict Bridge
Device (CDC)

CCID

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USB – The Future
n USB has been subject to constant extension and
enhancement
n Some less successful
– USB OTG not as ubiquitous as expected
– Wireless USB never took off at all
n USB 3.0 coming
– very high speed: 4.8 Gb/s
– new power management
– higher power delivery to devices
– change in connectors

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 Thank you

Colin Walls
colin_walls@mentor.com
http://blogs.mentor.com/colinwalls