Engineering The Plumbing System: © Sanjay Joshi, Nathan Paden, Shane Graber

ENGINEERING THE PLUMBING SYSTEM
© Sanjay Joshi, Nathan Paden, Shane Graber
Directions: Select a pump from the Select Pump dropdown menu. Next, enter your system data in the spaces provided.
Pipe Length refers to the total length of pipe from the output of your sump to the input into your tank (both horizontal
and vertical). Static Head refers only to height that you need to pump the water vertically. If there are any valves, elbows,
couplings, etc, enter that data into the spaces provided. Once all of the system data is entered into the required fields,
click the SOLVE button to find out what you overall system flow and plumbing losses will be with the given pump/plumbing
information. Please note that you need to have the Solver Add-In installed in Excel to make this spreadsheet function properly
Reset the form after every calculation, otherwise erroneous data might be displayed.
For additional plumbing and pump information, please see the January 2003 issue of Advanced Aquarist for Sanjay Joshi,
Nathan Paden, and Shane Graber's "An Engineering View of Aquarium Systems Design: Pumps and Plumbing" article.
For technical pump data, please see the following URL: http://www.reefs.org/library/pumps/
Enter Plumbing System Data

Select Pump: Mag18 <-- Click on this cell to select pump from dropdown l
PVC pipe Nominal Diameter 0.75 inches

Pipe Length 8 feet
# of Ball Valves 2 SOLVE

# of Gate Valves 0
# of 90° Elbows 4
# of 45° Elbow 0
# of Couplings/Unions 2
# of Swing Check Valves 0
(inches)
Expansion Couplings 0 Smaller Diameter 0.75
Sudden Contactions 0 Smaller Diameter 0.75
Static Head 0 feet
System Results Plumbing Loss

Flow Rate (GPM) 0.00 Friction head (ft)
System Flow Rate (GPH) 0 Minor Loss (ft)
Velocity at Output (ft/sec) 0.00 Static Head
Total Dynamic Head (ft)
Fluid Power: 0.00 Watts
Difference between pump curve 31.017

and system curve:
* Sometimes the SOLVE button does not function properly. To remedy this, click Tools-Solver-Solve.
G SYSTEM
ber
ata in the spaces provided.

tank (both horizontal
ere are any valves, elbows,
into the required fields,
h the given pump/plumbing
*
spreadsheet function properly .
Aquarist for Sanjay Joshi,

s and Plumbing" article.
o select pump from dropdown list.
SOLVE
(inches)
Larger Diameter 1.5
Larger Diameter 1.5
Plumbing Losses
Friction head (ft) 0.0000
Minor Loss (ft) 0.0000
Static Head 0.0000
Total Dynamic Head (ft) 0.0000
Pipe Water Loss Calculation for Water
Based on Darcy-Weisbach Kinematic Viscosity (ft2/sec) at 75F 0.00001
hf=f*L/D*v^2/2g Roughness of Plastic Pipe/ Tubing (ft) 0.000005
Specific Gravity of Fluid 1.024
CHECK !!! :Valid for Relative Roughness 10^-6 to 10^-2 and Reynolds Number 5000 to 10^8
Pipe Nominal Diameter 0.75

Pipe Length (ft) 8
Pipe Inside Diameter (in) 0.824 OK
Flow Rate (gpm) 0.00 Reynolds Number to low: Results Invalid - Results Invalid
Kinematic viscosity (ft2/sec) 9.2521E-06 OK
Roughness (ft) 0.000005 OK
Total Equivalent Length 8

Relative Roughness 7.281553E-05 dimensionless
Velocity (fps) 0.000000006
Reynolds Number 4.459759E-05 dimensionless
friction factor 0.0114368992 dimensionless
friction head loss (ft) 7.470986E-19
9.25E-06
0
esults Invalid - Results Invalid

Hazen Williams Calculator for head loss due to Friction
L 100
Frictional Head loss in ft per 100ft of pipe C 150
Pipe Size 1/2" 3/4" 1" 1.25" 1.5" 2 2.5 3"
Actual size 0.622 0.824 1.049 1.38 1.61 2.067 2.469 3.068
GPM
1 0.991 0.252 0.078 0.021 0.010 0.003 0.001 0.000
2 3.576 0.910 0.281 0.074 0.035 0.010 0.004 0.002
3 7.577 1.929 0.596 0.157 0.074 0.022 0.009 0.003
4 12.909 3.286 1.015 0.267 0.126 0.037 0.016 0.005
5 19.515 4.967 1.535 0.404 0.191 0.057 0.024 0.008
6 27.354 6.962 2.151 0.566 0.268 0.079 0.033 0.012
7 36.392 9.263 2.862 0.754 0.356 0.106 0.044 0.015
8 46.602 11.862 3.664 0.965 0.456 0.135 0.057 0.020
9 57.961 14.753 4.558 1.200 0.567 0.168 0.071 0.025
10 70.450 17.932 5.540 1.459 0.689 0.204 0.086 0.030
11 21.394 6.609 1.740 0.822 0.244 0.103 0.036
12 25.134 7.765 2.045 0.966 0.286 0.121 0.042
13 29.151 9.006 2.371 1.120 0.332 0.140 0.049
14 33.439 10.330 2.720 1.285 0.381 0.160 0.056
15 37.997 11.738 3.091 1.460 0.433 0.182 0.063
16 42.821 13.229 3.484 1.645 0.488 0.205 0.071
17 47.909 14.801 3.897 1.841 0.546 0.230 0.080
18 53.259 16.453 4.333 2.047 0.607 0.256 0.089
19 58.868 18.186 4.789 2.262 0.671 0.282 0.098
20 64.734 19.998 5.266 2.488 0.738 0.311 0.108
21 70.856 21.889 5.764 2.723 0.807 0.340 0.118
22 77.231 23.859 6.283 2.968 0.880 0.371 0.129
23 83.858 25.906 6.822 3.222 0.955 0.402 0.140
24 90.735 28.031 7.381 3.487 1.034 0.435 0.151
25 97.861 30.232 7.961 3.760 1.115 0.470 0.163
26 105.234 32.510 8.561 4.044 1.199 0.505 0.176
27 112.852 34.863 9.181 4.337 1.286 0.542 0.188
28 120.715 37.293 9.820 4.639 1.375 0.579 0.201
29 128.821 39.797 10.480 4.950 1.468 0.618 0.215
30 137.168 42.375 11.159 5.271 1.563 0.658 0.229
e 0.000005
D 0.824
Re 4.46E-05
kinematic visc 9.25E-06
Flow rate 1E-08
velocity 6.02E-09
friction 0.01146
e 0.000005
D 0.824
Re 4.459759E-05
kinematic visc 9.2521E-06
Flow rate 13
velocity 7.8213368366
frcition 0.0114409951
Friction Coefficents for Fittings and Valves (K) & Minor Loss Calculations
K values for Fittings and Pipe Exit and Entrance

0.50 0.75 1" 1.25" 1.5 2 3
Fitting
Ball Valve 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05

Gate Valve 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.14
Standard Elbow-90 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.57 0.54
Standard Elbow-45 0.43 0.4 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.3 0.29
Standard Tee - Flow through 0.54 0.5 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.38 0.36
Standard Tee- Branch 1.62 1.5 1.38 1.32 1.26 1.14 1.08
Swing Check Valve 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1 0.9
pipe Exit- Sharp
Pipe Entrance - Inward Projecting
Pipe Entrance - Flush
Sudden Expansion K = (1 -(d1^2)/(d2^2))^2)

Sudden Expansion 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 3
0.5 0.308642 0.5625 0.7056 0.790123 0.878906 0.945216
0.75 0 0.191406 0.4096 0.5625 0.738525 0.878906
1 0 0.1296 0.308642 0.5625 0.790123
1.25 0 0.093364 0.371338 0.682919
1.5 0 0.191406 0.5625
2 0 0.308642
3 0
Sudden Contraction K = 0.5 (1 - (d1^2)/(d2^2))

Sudden Contraction 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 3
0.5
0.75 0.277778
1 0.375 0.21875
1.25 0.42 0.32 0.18
1.5 0.444444 0.375 0.277778 0.152778
2 0.46875 0.429688 0.375 0.304688 0.21875
3 0.486111 0.46875 0.444444 0.413194 0.375 0.277778 0
Coupling/Unions 0.03
Pipe Size 0.75

# of ball valves 2 0.16
Gate Valve 0 0
# of Elbows - 90 4 3
# of Elbows-45 0 0
# of Couplings/Union 2 0.06
#of Swing Check Valve 0 0
Sudden Expansion 0 0
Sudden Contraction 0 0
pipe Exit 1 1
Pipe Entrance 0.5 0.5
Total K 4.72
Minor Head Loss 2.65E-18

Calculations
1
0.78
0.5
d1 is smaller diameter
Pump List Selected Pump:
Mag18 Input TDH:
Mag12
Mag9
Mag7
Mag5
Mag3 Pump Name
Mag2 Mag18
Mag1.9 Mag12
Mag1.5 Mag9
Mag1 Mag7
MaxiJet 400 Mag5
MaxiJet 600 Mag3
MaxiJet 900 Mag2
MaxiJet 1200 Mag1.9
MiniJet 404-1 Mag1.5
MiniJet 404-2 Mag1
MiniJet 606-1 MaxiJet 400
MiniJet 606-2 MaxiJet 600
MicroJet 320-1 MaxiJet 900
MicroJet 320-2 MaxiJet 1200
MicroJet 450-1 MiniJet 404-1
MicroJet 450-2 MiniJet 404-2
Rio 50 MiniJet 606-1
Rio 90 MiniJet 606-2
Rio 180 MicroJet 320-1
Rio 800HP MicroJet 450-2
Rio 1100 Rio 50
Rio 1400 Rio 90
Rio 1700 Rio 180
Rio 2100 Rio 400
Rio 2500HP Rio 600
Rio 3100 Rio 800HP
Rio 4100 Rio 1100
Rio 4600 Rio 1400
Iwaki 15 RT Rio 1700
Iwaki 20 RXT Rio 2500HP
Iwaki 20 RZT Rio 3100
Iwaki 30 RXT Rio 4600
Iwaki 30 RZT Iwaki 15 RT
Iwaki 40 RT Iwaki 20 RT
Iwaki 40 RXT Iwaki 20 RXT
Iwaki 55 RT Iwaki 20 RZT
Iwaki 70 RT Iwaki 30 RT
Iwaki 70 RZ Iwaki 30 RXT
Iwaki 100 RT Iwaki 30 RZT
GRI 510 Iwaki 40 RT
GRI 518 Iwaki 40 RXT
GRI 520 Iwaki 55 RT
Sequence 2400SEQ10 Iwaki 70 RT
Sequence 3000SEQ11 Iwaki 70 RZ
Sequence 3600SEQ12 Iwaki 100 RT
Sequence 2900SEQ21 GRI 510
Sequence 4600SEQ22 Sequence 2400SEQ10
Dolphin Ampmaster 3000 Sequence 2900SEQ21
Dolphin Aqua Sea 2100 Sequence 3500SEQ21
Dolphin Super Aqua Sea 4800 HHS Sequence 6000SEQ23
Dolphin Super Aqua Sea 5000 HHS Dolphin Ampmaster 3000
Dolphin Super Aqua Sea 5900 HHS Dolphin Aqua Sea 2100
Dolphin DP-70 Dolphin Aqua Sea 4700
Dolphin DP-115 Dolphin Super Aqua Sea 4800 HHS
Dolphin DP-1200 Dolphin DP-70
Little Giant 1.5 MDQ-SC Dolphin DP-115
Little Giant 2 MDQ-SC Dolphin DP-270
Little Giant 2 MDQX-SC Dolphin DP-385
Little Giant 3 MDQX-SC Dolphin DP-800
Little Giant 4 MDQX-SC Little Giant 1.5 MDQ-SC
Little Giant TE-5.5 MDQ-SC Little Giant 2 MDQ-SC
Gen-X Mak4 Little Giant 2 MDQX-SC
Gen-X Mak5 Little Giant 3 MDQ-SC
Velocity T1/S1 Little Giant 3 MDQX-SC
Velocity T2/S2 Little Giant 4 MDQ-SC
Velocity T3/S3 Little Giant 4 MDQX-SC
Velocity T4/S4 Little Giant TE-5.5 MDQ-SC
Sen700 Gen-X Mak4
Sen900 Gen-X Mak5
CAP 800 Velocity T1/S1
CAP 5000 Sen700
Eheim 1046 Sen900
Eheim 1048 CAP 800
Eheim 1250 CAP 1200
Eheim 1060 CAP 1800
RK2 4021.EM CAP 2200
RK2 4021 CAP 5000
RK2 4031 Eheim 1046
RK2 4031.HF Eheim 1048
RK2 4050 Eheim 1250
RK2 4060 Eheim 1060
RK2 4070 RK2 4021.EM
RK2 4021
RK2 4031
RK2 4031.HF
RK2 4050
RK2 4060
RK2 4070
Mag18
3.3935724781E-18 Output GPM: 31.01667
Pump Operating Curve - Coeff's for Poly Approx Calculations

a3 a2 a1 a0 pump curve if-then-else
-0.0029716667 0.0990333333 -2.403333 31.01667 31.0166666667 31.01666667
0.0030983333 -0.1334666667 0.004402 20.05 20.05 0
-0.0006668333 -0.0447 -0.395 15.94667 15.9466666667 0
-0.0008091667 0.0068333333 -0.874 11.43 11.43 0
0.0087733333 -0.1271833333 -0.4045 8.228333 8.2283333333 0
0.007835 -0.1349333333 -0.027833 6.11 6.11 0
0.0128366667 -0.1481833333 -0.252667 4.563333 4.5633333333 0
-0.007575 0.0200166667 -0.246 3.356667 3.3566666667 0
-0.00463 0.0615 -0.592667 2.388333 2.3883333333 0
0.0277833333 -0.1666666667 -0.1945 1.333333 1.3333333333 0
-1.1633166667 0.38305 -1.095517 1.763833 1.7638333333 0
-0.2653333333 0.2283666667 -1.1031 2.653333 2.6533333333 0
-0.8006666667 0.7523333333 -1.836167 3.844333 3.8443333333 0
-0.19325 0.1166666667 -1.4293 4.8665 4.8665 0
-0.0074066667 -0.0269833333 -0.084657 0.496833 0.4968333333 0
-0.0925933333 0.1626983333 -0.5463 1.808 1.808 0
-0.013895 -0.0153516667 -0.090695 1.3731 1.3731 0
-0.0384566667 0.064005 -0.3793 2.687167 2.6871666667 0
-0.35455 0.27955 -0.103788 0.133333 0.1333333333 0
-0.5953666667 0.3258 -0.448783 1.217083 1.2170833333 0
-0.016385 0.0165516667 -0.072752 0.234883 0.2348833333 0
-0.05644 0.011635 -0.34685 1.9305 1.9305 0
0 -0.0916666667 -0.391667 1.15 1.15 0
0 -0.1916666667 -0.325 1.416667 1.4166666667 0
1.67E-15 -0.0416666667 -0.541667 2 2 0
-0.0416666667 0.1333333333 -0.825 2.4 2.4 0
-0.0027783333 -0.063095 -0.5365 3.3305 3.3305 0
0.00169 -0.0001383333 -0.645533 3.508833 3.5088333333 0
-0.0045283333 -0.05031 -0.60095 6.408333 6.4083333333 0
0.0099633333 -0.1427466667 -0.360583 6.851667 6.8516666667 0
0.0016233333 -0.0371816667 -1.168983 10.93017 10.9301666667 0
0.01905 -0.2721166667 -0.491917 11.67483 11.6748333333 0
-0.0360883333 0.28375 -1.598633 13.17533 13.1753333333 0
-0.0570483333 0.4498166667 -1.852 15.3205 15.3205 0
0.0036083333 -0.1630266667 -0.080032 23.31667 23.3166666667 0
0.001155 -0.088075 -0.377467 25.04667 25.0466666667 0
-0.0013766667 0.0004416667 -0.29265 5.0225 5.0225 0
-0.00026 -0.0155733333 -0.24885 7.989667 7.9896666667 0
-0.002945 -0.0626666667 -0.915817 14.01883 14.0188333333 0
-0.00007 -0.00045 -0.092917 3.506333 3.5063333333 0
-0.002275 0.03774 -0.495867 10.00767 10.0076666667 0
-0.00365 -0.004285 -0.546383 18.49833 18.4983333333 0
-0.00021 0.0072516667 -0.095548 4.643667 4.6436666667 0
-0.0021133333 0.0378766667 -0.413717 13.57317 13.5731666667 0
-0.0154633333 0.2497 -1.793667 23.13167 23.1316666667 0
-0.0003166667 -0.0074716667 -0.230567 19.225 19.225 0
-0.0002 -0.0026433333 -0.486833 27.50667 27.5066666667 0
-1.333333333E-05 -0.0014666667 -0.026167 12.0705 12.0705 0
-0.0013933333 0.0616133333 -1.2194 36.46667 36.4666666667 0
-0.010675 0.25505 -2.289833 15.468 15.468 0
-0.0068466667 0.1254316667 -1.559717 25.605 25.605 0
-0.0041233333 0.128725 -1.56485 29.69333 29.6933333333 0
-0.03858 0.2959666667 -3.096333 40.09333 40.0933333333 0
-0.051825 0.5310666667 -3.9875 50.42667 50.4266666667 0
-0.0185933333 0.0743016667 -2.553833 59.975 59.975 0
-0.004185 0.0551766667 -1.597267 48.525 48.525 0
-0.008385 0.1486466667 -2.1475 58.83167 58.8316666667 0
-0.0118933333 0.13578 -1.775 67.065 67.065 0
-0.0084966667 0.1029216667 -1.5956 77.25167 77.2516666667 0
-0.0150816667 0.28455 -2.7565 87.95833 87.9583333333 0
-0.0162366667 0.3313 -3.0725 101.5283 101.528333333 0
0.0045416667 -0.23335 -0.751683 59.64167 59.6416666667 0
-0.0732583333 0.9121833333 -4.5985 45.545 45.545 0
-0.085725 1.09925 -5.235333 50.67667 50.6766666667 0
-0.017055 0.1644816667 -3.663667 64.455 64.455 0
-0.0061983333 0.0661516667 -2.682167 78.33167 78.3316666667 0
-0.0085033333 0.3081166667 -5.178333 65.19167 65.1916666667 0
-0.00011 -0.00318 -0.904633 82.98 82.98 0
-4.333333333E-05 -0.0048883333 -0.397767 95.65333 95.6533333333 0
-8.333333333E-05 0.0010816667 -0.5736 132.2183 132.218333333 0
-0.00011 0.0040816667 -0.644583 150.3117 150.311666667 0
-0.23375 0.62115 -0.542467 1.167867 1.1678666667 0
0.019865 -0.1958166667 -0.007058 1.882833 1.8828333333 0
-0.0003183333 -0.0555733333 -0.430917 4.503333 4.5033333333 0
0.0009316667 -0.063345 -0.217767 6.3765 6.3765 0
0.0039516667 -0.135665 -0.041473 8.826667 8.8266666667 0
-0.0019933333 0.000485 -0.57905 13.18833 13.1883333333 0
-0.002755 0.0335516667 -0.612183 20.04167 20.0416666667 0
-0.0025133333 0.0166833333 -0.270267 5.688333 5.6883333333 0
-0.0052366667 0.07569 -0.6341 9.0775 9.0775 0
-0.027935 0.1960166667 -1.504233 14.1695 14.1695 0
-0.001975 0.0232266667 -0.4489 12.07383 12.0738333333 0
-0.00887 0.104475 -1.105 19.325 19.325 0
-0.001305 0.0248333333 -0.432783 14.609 14.609 0
-0.0022116667 0.0028766667 -0.75065 22.795 22.795 0
-0.0007 0.0307333333 -0.878117 38.72667 38.7266666667 0
-0.0014916667 0.020585 -0.543833 19.84833 19.8483333333 0
0 -0.0198 -0.3197 25.92 25.92 0
-0.0009283333 0.0152566667 -0.121488 9.094 9.094 0
-0.00237 0.03167 -0.360467 11.98183 11.9818333333 0
-0.00015 -0.0031066667 -0.219917 13.37917 13.3791666667 0
-0.0078966667 0.1325016667 -1.10695 24.09167 24.0916666667 0
0.0012916667 -0.0311066667 -0.775 14.19483 14.1948333333 0
-0.0007583333 0.01441 -1.1323 18.69 18.69 0
0.0861116667 -0.575 -0.027778 4.243333 4.2433333333 0
0.155555 -0.91905 0.103968 5.325167 5.3251666667 0
0.0361116667 -0.5386833333 0.699 10.38333 10.3833333333 0
0.047685 -0.6073333333 0.919183 11.25033 11.2503333333 0
-0.0063483333 0.0509616667 -1.063033 20.49333 20.4933333333 0
0 -0.0431166667 -0.226433 1.320867 1.3208666667 0
-0.0579233333 0.2807333333 -0.47905 2.645667 2.6456666667 0
-0.0007183333 -0.0818733333 -0.13253 5.280833 5.2808333333 0
0.012445 -0.2216333333 -0.014847 10.04567 10.0456666667 0
-0.0165316667 0.26625 -2.579 41.21333 41.2133333333 0
-0.0156016667 0.28755 -4.193667 70.055 70.055 0
-0.06871 1.4753833333 -10.994 95.08833 95.0883333333 0
-0.0169683333 0.4129833333 -4.597667 90.26667 90.2666666667 0
-0.0006133333 0.0313316667 -1.487433 77.28167 77.2816666667 0
-0.0015633333 0.0975483333 -2.707667 120.9933 120.993333333 0
-0.0007283333 0.051195 -2.255833 140.66 140.66 0
Iwaki 55 Curve
IWAKI 55 RLT TDH
1
30
4
f(x) = -250.0004796668x^3 + 0.0087788527x^2 - 0.6023151832x + 27.6873277472 12
20
20 28
Iwaki 55
f(x) = - 0.0006337197x^3 + 0.0098697323x^2 - 0.4781011025x + 19.5838427232
15 Polynomial (Iwaki 55)
GPM
Iwaki 70RT
Iwaki 70 TDH
10
Polynomial (Iwaki 70) 1
5 4
12
0 20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 28
TDH 33
Ampmaster
70
60
f(x) = 0.0045420995x^3 - 0.2333565228x^2 - 0.7516824094x + 59.6413764125
50
Ampmaster 3000
40
Polynomial (Ampmaster
30 3000)
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Iwaki 55 Curve
FLOW
19
18
14
9
0
Iwaki 70RT
FLOW
27
25.5
21
15
7.5
0
Ampmaster
TDH FLOW
0 60
4 52
8 42
11 30
13 20
15 10
17.5 0

Engineering The Plumbing System: © Sanjay Joshi, Nathan Paden, Shane Graber

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ENGINEERING THE PLUMBING SYSTEM

© Sanjay Joshi, Nathan Paden, Shane Graber

Enter Plumbing System Data

PVC pipe Nominal Diameter 0.75 inches

# of Ball Valves 2 SOLVE

Static Head 0 feet

System Results Plumbing Loss

Fluid Power: 0.00 Watts

Difference between pump curve 31.017

ata in the spaces provided.

Aquarist for Sanjay Joshi,

o select pump from dropdown list.

Pipe Nominal Diameter 0.75

Total Equivalent Length 8

esults Invalid - Results Invalid

K values for Fittings and Pipe Exit and Entrance

Ball Valve 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05

Sudden Expansion K = (1 -(d1^2)/(d2^2))^2)

Sudden Contraction K = 0.5 (1 - (d1^2)/(d2^2))

Pipe Size 0.75

Minor Head Loss 2.65E-18

Pump Operating Curve - Coeff's for Poly Approx Calculations

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