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FOUNDATION ANALYSIS (EN1997-1:2004)

In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the UK National Annex
incorporating Corrigendum No.1
TEDDS calculation version 3.2.11

Pad foundation details

Length of foundation; L x = 1000 mm
W idth of foundation; L y = 1000 mm
Foundation area; A = L x  L y = 1.000 m 2
Depth of foundation; h = 1000 mm
Depth of soil over foundation; h soil = 1000 mm
Level of water; h water = 0 mm
3
Density of water;  water = 9.8 kN/m
3
Density of concrete;  conc = 25.0 kN/m

58.6 kN/m 2 58.6 kN/m 2

58.6 kN/m 2 58.6 kN/m 2

Column no.1 details

Length of column; lx1 = 200 mm
W idth of column; ly1 = 200 mm
position in x-axis; x1 = 500 mm
position in y-axis; y 1 = 500 mm
Soil properties
3
Density of soil;  soil = 18.0 kN/m
2
Characteristic cohesion; c'k = 10 kN/m
Characteristic effective shear resistance angle; 'k = 30 deg
Characteristic friction angle;  k = 20 deg
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Foundation loads
Self weight; F swt = h   conc = 25.0 kN/m 2
Soil weight; F soil = h soil   soil = 18.0 kN/m 2

Column no.1 loads

Permanent load in z; F Gz1 = 1.0 kN
Variable load in x; F Qx1 = 0.5 kN
Variable load in y; F Qy1 = 0.5 kN
Variable moment in x; M Qx1 = 1.7 kNm
Variable moment in y; M Qy1 = 1.7 kNm
Partial factors on actions - Combination1
Permanent unfavourable action - Table A.3;  G = 1.35
Permanent favourable action - Table A.3;  Gf = 1.00
Variable unfavourable action - Table A.3;  Q = 1.50
Variable favourable action - Table A.3;  Qf = 0.00
Partial factors for soil parameters - Combination1
Angle of shearing resistance - Table A.4;  ' = 1.00
Effective cohesion - Table A.4;  c' = 1.00
W eight density - Table A.4;   = 1.00
Partial factors for spread foundations - Combination1
Bearing - Table A.5;  R.v = 1.00
Sliding - Table A.5;  R.h = 1.00
Bearing resistance (Section 6.5.2)
Forces on foundation
Force in x-axis; F dx =  Q  F Qx1 = 0.8 kN
Force in y-axis; F dy =  Q  F Qy1 = 0.8 kN
Force in z-axis; F dz =  G  (A  (F swt + F soil) + F Gz1 ) = 59.4 kN

Moments on foundation
Moment in x-axis; M dx =  G  (A  (F swt + F soil)  L x / 2 + F Gz1  x1 ) +  Q  M Qx1 + ( Q  F Qx1 )
 h = 33.1 kNm
Moment in y-axis; M dy =  G  (A  (F swt + F soil)  L y / 2 + F Gz1  y 1 ) +  Q  M Qy1 + ( Q  F Qy1 )
 h = 33.1 kNm
Eccentricity of base reaction
Eccentricity of base reaction in x-axis; e x = M dx / F dz - L x / 2 = 57 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y-axis; e y = M dy / F dz - L y / 2 = 57 mm
Effective area of base
Effective length; L'x = L x - 2  e x = 886 mm
Effective width; L'y = L y - 2  e y = 886 mm
Effective area; A' = L'x  L'y = 0.785 m 2

Pad base pressure

Design base pressure; fdz = F dz / A' = 75.6 kN/m 2
Net ultimate bearing capacity under drained conditions (Annex D.4)
Design angle of shearing resistance; 'd = atan(tan( 'k) /  ') = 30.000 deg
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Design effective cohesion; c'd = c'k /  c' = 10.000 kN/m 2

Effective overburden pressure; q = (h + h soil)   soil - h water   water = 36.000 kN/m 2
Design effective overburden pressure; q' = q /   = 36.000 kN/m 2
Bearing resistance factors; N q = Exp(   tan('d ))  (tan(45 deg + 'd / 2)) 2 = 18.401
N c = (N q - 1)  cot( 'd ) = 30.140
N  = 2  (N q - 1)  tan( 'd ) = 20.093
Foundation shape factors; s q = 1 + (L'y / L'x)  sin('d ) = 1.500
s  = 1 - 0.3  (L'y / L'x) = 0.700
s c = (s q  N q - 1) / (N q - 1) = 1.529
Load inclination factors; H = [F dx2 + F dy2 ] 0.5 = 1.1 kN
m y = [2 + (L'y / L'x )] / [1 + (L'y / L'x)] = 1.500
m x = [2 + (L'x / L'y)] / [1 + (L'x / L'y)] = 1.500
m = m x  cos(atan(F dy / F dx))2 + m y  sin(atan(F dy / F dx ))2 = 1.500
iq = [1 - H / (F dz + A'  c'd  cot('d ))]m = 0.977
i = [1 - H / (F dz + A'  c'd  cot('d ))] m + 1 = 0.963
ic = iq - (1 - iq ) / (N c  tan('d )) = 0.976
Net ultimate bearing capacity; n f = c'd  N c  s c  ic + q'  N q  s q  iq + 0.5   soil  L'y  N   s   i =
1529.0 kN/m 2
PASS - Net ultimate bearing capacity exceeds design base pressure
Sliding resistance (Section 6.5.3)
Forces on foundation
Force in x-axis; F dx =  Q  F Qx1 = 0.8 kN
Force in y-axis; F dy =  Q  F Qy1 = 0.8 kN
Force in z-axis; F dz =  Gf  (A  (F swt + F soil) + F Gz1 ) = 44.0 kN

Sliding resistance verification (Section 6.5.3)

Horizontal force on foundation; H = [F dx2 + F dy2 ] 0.5 = 1.1 kN
Sliding resistance (exp.6.3a); R H.d = F dz  tan( k /  ') = 16.0 kN
H / R H.d = 0.069
PASS - Foundation is not subject to failure by sliding
Partial factors on actions - Combination2
Permanent unfavourable action - Table A.3;  G = 1.00
Permanent favourable action - Table A.3;  Gf = 1.00
Variable unfavourable action - Table A.3;  Q = 1.30
Variable favourable action - Table A.3;  Qf = 0.00
Partial factors for soil parameters - Combination2
Angle of shearing resistance - Table A.4;  ' = 1.25
Effective cohesion - Table A.4;  c' = 1.25
W eight density - Table A.4;   = 1.00
Partial factors for spread foundations - Combination2
Bearing - Table A.5;  R.v = 1.00
Sliding - Table A.5;  R.h = 1.00
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Bearing resistance (Section 6.5.2)

Forces on foundation
Force in x-axis; F dx =  Q  F Qx1 = 0.7 kN
Force in y-axis; F dy =  Q  F Qy1 = 0.7 kN
Force in z-axis; F dz =  G  (A  (F swt + F soil) + F Gz1 ) = 44.0 kN

Moments on foundation
Moment in x-axis; M dx =  G  (A  (F swt + F soil)  L x / 2 + F Gz1  x1 ) +  Q  M Qx1 + ( Q  F Qx1 )
 h = 24.9 kNm
Moment in y-axis; M dy =  G  (A  (F swt + F soil)  L y / 2 + F Gz1  y 1 ) +  Q  M Qy1 + ( Q  F Qy1 )
 h = 24.9 kNm
Eccentricity of base reaction
Eccentricity of base reaction in x-axis; e x = M dx / F dz - L x / 2 = 67 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y-axis; e y = M dy / F dz - L y / 2 = 67 mm
Effective area of base
Effective length; L'x = L x - 2  e x = 867 mm
Effective width; L'y = L y - 2  e y = 867 mm
Effective area; A' = L'x  L'y = 0.751 m 2

Pad base pressure

Design base pressure;
Net ultimate bearing capacity under drained conditions (Annex D.4)
Design angle of shearing resistance;
Design effective cohesion;
Effective overburden pressure;
Design effective overburden pressure;
Bearing resistance factors;
Foundation shape factors;
Load inclination factors;
Net ultimate bearing capacity;
PASS - Net ultimate bearing capacity exceeds design base pressure
Sliding resistance (Section 6.5.3)
Forces on foundation
Force in x-axis;
fdz = F dz / A' = 58.6 kN/m 2
'd = atan(tan( 'k) /  ') = 24.791 deg
c'd = c'k /  c' = 8.000 kN/m 2
q = (h + h soil)   soil - h water   water = 36.000 kN/m 2
q' = q /   = 36.000 kN/m 2
N q = Exp(   tan('d ))  (tan(45 deg + 'd / 2)) 2 = 10.431
N c = (N q - 1)  cot( 'd ) = 20.418
N  = 2  (N q - 1)  tan( 'd ) = 8.712
s q = 1 + (L'y / L'x)  sin('d ) = 1.419
s  = 1 - 0.3  (L'y / L'x) = 0.700
s c = (s q  N q - 1) / (N q - 1) = 1.464
H = [F dx2 + F dy2 ] 0.5 = 1.0 kN
m y = [2 + (L'y / L'x )] / [1 + (L'y / L'x)] = 1.500
m x = [2 + (L'x / L'y)] / [1 + (L'x / L'y)] = 1.500
m = m x  cos(atan(F dy / F dx))2 + m y  sin(atan(F dy / F dx ))2 = 1.500
iq = [1 - H / (F dz + A'  c'd  cot('d ))]m = 0.975
i = [1 - H / (F dz + A'  c'd  cot('d ))] m + 1 = 0.959
ic = iq - (1 - iq ) / (N c  tan('d )) = 0.972
n f = c'd  N c  s c  ic + q'  N q  s q  iq + 0.5   soil  L'y  N   s   i =
797.7 kN/m 2
F dx =  Q  F Qx1 = 0.7 kN
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Force in y-axis; F dy =  Q  F Qy1 = 0.7 kN

Force in z-axis; F dz =  Gf  (A  (F swt + F soil) + F Gz1 ) = 44.0 kN

Sliding resistance verification (Section 6.5.3)

Horizontal force on foundation; H = [F dx2 + F dy2 ] 0.5 = 1.0 kN
Sliding resistance (exp.6.3a); R H.d = F dz  tan( k /  ') = 12.6 kN
H / R H.d = 0.076
PASS - Foundation is not subject to failure by sliding

FOUNDATION DESIGN (EN1992-1-1:2004)

In accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated January 2008 and the UK National Annex
incorporating National Amendment No.1
TEDDS calculation version 3.2.11

Concrete details (Table 3.1 - Strength and deformation characteristics for concrete)
Concrete strength class; C30/37
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength; fck = 30 N/mm 2
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fck,cube = 37 N/mm 2
Mean value of compressive cylinder strength; fcm = f ck + 8 N/mm 2 = 38 N/mm 2
Mean value of axial tensile strength; fctm = 0.3 N/mm 2  (fck / 1 N/mm 2 ) 2/3 = 2.9 N/mm 2
5% fractile of axial tensile strength; fctk,0.05 = 0.7  f ctm = 2.0 N/mm 2
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete; E cm = 22 kN/mm 2  [f cm /10 N/mm 2 ]0.3 = 32837 N/mm 2
Partial factor for concrete (Table 2.1N);  C = 1.50
Compressive strength coefficient (cl.3.1.6(1)); cc = 0.85
Design compressive concrete strength (exp.3.15); fcd = cc  fck /  C = 17.0 N/mm 2
Tens.strength coeff.for plain concrete (cl.12.3.1(1)); ct,pl = 0.80
Des.tens.strength for plain concrete (exp.12.1); fctd,pl = ct,pl  fctk,0.05 /  C = 1.1 N/mm 2
Maximum aggregate size; h agg = 20 mm
Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fyk = 500 N/mm 2
Modulus of elasticity of reinforcement; E s = 210000 N/mm 2
Partial factor for reinforcing steel (Table 2.1N);  S = 1.15
Design yield strength of reinforcement; fyd = fyk /  S = 435 N/mm 2
Nominal cover to reinforcement; c nom = 50 mm
Shear diagram, x axis (kN)
0.0
0.0

-4.5
-6.6

Moment diagram, x axis (kNm)

-2.3

0.7

1.1
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Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)

Design bending moment; abs(M Ed.x.min ) = 1.9 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - c nom - x.top / 2 = 942 mm
K = abs(M Ed.x.min ) / (L y  d 2  fck) = 0.000
K' = 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min((d / 2)  [1 + (1 - 3.53  K)0.5 ], 0.95  d) = 895 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = 2.5  (d - z) = 118 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; A sx.top.req = abs(M Ed.x.min ) / (fyd  z) = 5 mm 2
Tension reinforcement provided; 12 No.16 dia.bars top (80 c/c)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; A sx.top.prov = 2413 mm 2
Minimum area of reinforcement (exp.9.1N); A s.min = max(0.26  fctm / fyk , 0.0013)  L y  d = 1419 mm 2
Maximum area of reinforcement (cl.9.2.1.1(3)); A s.max = 0.04  L y  d = 37680 mm 2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Crack control (Section 7.3)
Limiting crack width; w max = 0.3 mm
Variable load factor (EN1990 – Table A1.1); 2 = 0.3
Serviceability bending moment; abs(M sls.x.min ) = 0.3 kNm
2
Tensile stress in reinforcement; s = abs(M sls.x.min ) / (A sx.top.prov  z) = 0.2 N/mm
Load duration factor; k t = 0.4
Effective depth of concrete in tension; h c.ef = min(2.5  (h - d), (h - x) / 3, h / 2) = 145 mm
Effective area of concrete in tension; A c.eff = h c.ef  L y = 145000 mm 2
Mean value of concrete tensile strength; fct.eff = fctm = 2.9 N/mm 2
Reinforcement ratio; p.eff = A sx.top.prov / A c.eff = 0.017
Modular ratio; e = E s / E cm = 6.395
Bond property coefficient; k 1 = 0.8
Strain distribution coefficient; k 2 = 0.5
k 3 = 3.4
k 4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing (exp.7.11); s r.max = k 3  c nom + k 1  k 2  k 4  x.top / p.eff = 333 mm
Maximum crack width (exp.7.8); w k = s r.max  max([ s – k t  (f ct.eff / p.eff) (1 + e  p.eff)] / E s,
0.6  s / E s) = 0 mm
PASS - Maximum crack width is less than limiting crack width
Shear diagram, y axis (kN)
0.0
0.0

-4.5
-6.6

Moment diagram, y axis (kNm)

-2.3

0.7

1.1
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Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)

Design bending moment; abs(M Ed.y.min ) = 1.9 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - c nom - x.top - y.top / 2 = 926 mm
K = abs(M Ed.y.min ) / (L x  d 2  fck) = 0.000
K' = 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min((d / 2)  [1 + (1 - 3.53  K)0.5 ], 0.95  d) = 880 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = 2.5  (d - z) = 116 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; A sy.top.req = abs(M Ed.y.min ) / (f yd  z) = 5 mm 2
Tension reinforcement provided; 12 No.16 dia.bars top (80 c/c)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; A sy.top.prov = 2413 mm 2
Minimum area of reinforcement (exp.9.1N); A s.min = max(0.26  fctm / fyk , 0.0013)  L x  d = 1395 mm 2
Maximum area of reinforcement (cl.9.2.1.1(3)); A s.max = 0.04  L x  d = 37040 mm 2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Crack control (Section 7.3)
Limiting crack width; w max = 0.3 mm
Variable load factor (EN1990 – Table A1.1); 2 = 0.3
Serviceability bending moment; abs(M sls.y.min ) = 0.3 kNm
2
Tensile stress in reinforcement; s = abs(M sls.y.min ) / (A sy.top.prov  z) = 0.2 N/mm
Load duration factor; k t = 0.4
Effective depth of concrete in tension; h c.ef = min(2.5  (h - d), (h - x) / 3, h / 2) = 185 mm
Effective area of concrete in tension; A c.eff = h c.ef  L x = 185000 mm 2
Mean value of concrete tensile strength; fct.eff = fctm = 2.9 N/mm 2
Reinforcement ratio; p.eff = A sy.top.prov / A c.eff = 0.013
Modular ratio; e = E s / E cm = 6.395
Bond property coefficient; k 1 = 0.8
Strain distribution coefficient; k 2 = 0.5
k 3 = 3.4
k 4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing (exp.7.11); s r.max = k 3  (c nom + x.top ) + k 1  k 2  k 4  y.top / p.eff = 433 mm
Maximum crack width (exp.7.8); w k = s r.max  max([ s – k t  (f ct.eff / p.eff) (1 + e  p.eff)] / E s,
0.6  s / E s) = 0 mm

PASS - Maximum crack width is less than limiting crack widthPunching shear (Section 6.4)
Strength reduction factor (exp 6.6N); v = 0.6  [1 - fck / 250 N/mm 2 ] = 0.528
Average depth to reinforcement; d = 937 mm
Maximum punching shear resistance (cl.6.4.5(3)); v Rd.max = 0.5  v  fcd = 4.488 N/mm 2
k = min(1 + (200 mm / d), 2) = 1.462
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio (cl.6.4.4(1)); lx = A sx.bot.prov / (L y  d) = 0.001
ly = A sy.bot.prov / (L x  d) = 0.003
l = min((lx  ly), 0.02) = 0.002
v min = 0.035 N 1/2 /mm  k 3/2  f ck0.5 = 0.339 N/mm 2
Design punching shear resistance (exp.6.47); v Rd.c = max(C Rd.c  k  (100 N 2 /mm 4  l  f ck) 1/3 , v min ) = 0.339 N/mm 2
Design punching shear resistance at 1d (exp. 6.50); v Rd.c1 = (2  d / d)  v Rd.c = 0.678 N/mm 2
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Column No.1 - Punching shear perimeter at column face

Punching shear perimeter; u 0 = 800 mm
Area within punching shear perimeter; A 0 = 0.040 m 2
Maximum punching shear force; V Ed.max = 0.6 kN
Punching shear stress factor (fig 6.21N);  = 1.500
Maximum punching shear stress (exp 6.38); v Ed.max =   V Ed.max / (u 0  d) = 0.001 N/mm 2
PASS - Maximum punching shear resistance exceeds maximum punching shear stress

12 No.16 dia.bars bottom (80 c/c)

12 No.16 dia.bars top (80 c/c)

12 No.12 dia.bars bottom (80 c/c)

12 No.16 dia.bars top (80 c/c)